I knew a wonderful writer. Based on the text by F.A. Vigdorova “I knew a wonderful writer

What is courage? What is the instinct of self-preservation? F. A. Vigdorova reflects on these questions.

In his text, the author raises issues of courage and cowardice that are still relevant today. Arguing on this topic, the writer quotes Rylev’s words “..we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.” That is, people are not afraid to sacrifice themselves in moments of danger, but they are afraid to stand up for another person.

Worried about your well-being.

Fearless people may become cowardly due to fear of losing something.

We are all familiar with the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. There are absolutely two opposite heroes - Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. Throughout the entire work, Grinev behaves honestly and openly, as he is a man of honor.

He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart lives according to the laws of the nobility, this is what helps him maintain his dignity. And Shvabrin? Alexey commits immoral acts, lies, becomes a traitor.

He only cares about his own good.

The hero of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel “Crime and Punishment,” Rodion Raskolnikov, risking his life saves two children from a burning house. But questions immediately arise. Why did he kill the old pawnbroker?

Why didn't he confess to what he had done? Fear. He was afraid of falling in the eyes of those close to him, only this prevented him from improving.

Thus, courage is a conscious action that overcomes fear. The instinct of self-preservation is the action to save oneself from danger.

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(1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She told me once:

There are many challenges in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first is the test of need. (7) Second - prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.

(10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless.

(14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”

(15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.

(16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.

(25) The boy broke the glass.

- (26)Who did this? - asks the teacher.

(27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”

(31) What is he afraid of? (32) After all, flying from the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them?

(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”

(37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.

(39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.

(40) I’ll tell the truth, but they’ll expel me from school for it... (41) If I tell the truth, they’ll fire me from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent.

(43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge.

(45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is constantly tested,
in the most ordinary everyday affairs.

(50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)

* Frida Abramovna Vigdorova (1915- 1965) - Soviet writer, journalist.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1. According to Ryleev, even among fearless people there are those who are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.
2. The boy, fearlessly skiing down the mountains and swimming across unfamiliar rivers, could not admit that he had broken the glass.
3. A person who has gone through a war as a hero will always stand up for his friend who has been slandered, since he is not afraid of anything.
4. Despite the fact that fear has many faces, real fear only happens in war; in peaceful life there is nothing to be afraid of.
5. There are many challenges in life, but the hardest thing is to overcome the “monkey in you” and show courage in everyday affairs.

Answer: _____________________________

22. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1. Sentences 3 - 9 present the narrative.
2. Sentences 12 - 13 contain the answer to the questions posed in sentences 10 - 11.
3. Sentences 31 - 35 contain reasoning.
4. Sentences 40 - 42 present the reasoning.
5. Sentences 50 - 53 provide a description.

Answer: __________________________

23. From sentences 44 - 47, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Answer: _________________________________________

24. Among sentences 34 - 42, find one that is related to the previous one using a personal pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number of this offer.

Answer: _________________________

25. “F.A. Vigdorova talks about complex phenomena in our everyday life; it is no coincidence that the leading technique in the text becomes (A) _____ (sentences 24, 29 - 30). Another technique helps the author to focus readers’ attention on important thoughts - (B) _____ (sentences 17 - 18, 28 - 29). The author’s sincere excitement and caring attitude towards the problem posed in the text are conveyed by the syntactic device - (B) ______ (“as in oneself”, “as in one’s own” in sentence 22) and the trope - (D) _____ (“a dizzying mountain” in sentence 28, “treacherous funnels” in sentence 29).”

List of terms:

1. introductory word
2. book vocabulary
3. anaphora
4. personification
5. opposition
6. colloquial vocabulary
7. synonyms
8. epithet
9. comparative turnover

Fear can fetter a person, deprive him of the ability to speak, not only in a moment of mortal danger, but also in everyday life, when, it would seem, a person is mostly safe. For example, the boy that F.A. Vigdorova talks about. He is not afraid of death when skiing down a steep mountain, although the likelihood of getting injured during such entertainment increases hundreds of times. But the boy cannot admit that he broke the window, despite the fact that confession cannot entail his death.

The child fears punishment more than death, which from the outside seems absurd and stupid. They will scold you, punish you, declare house arrest, deprive you of games, force you to clean, yell at you - life will not stop there. These incidents are life experiences that become invaluable if a lesson is learned from them, even a broken window. But we can assume that the boy is just a child and that he does not know or understand what death is. Then the fear of punishment and condemnation becomes, indeed, his greatest fear. But let's look at another situation, also mentioned by the author. The key person in it is a former military man. He seems to be an adult, experienced man. The horror that he saw in the war is so much that it will last for several lives to come. On the battlefield, he risked his life more than once and became a war hero. But he was afraid to stand up for his unjustly convicted comrade, just like the boy who broke the window. Again, a soldier is less afraid of dying in war than of saying a word against a false accusation and contradicting people who are higher than him in social status. Everyone faces fear in everyday life - be it a child or an adult. The only difference is that in adulthood, a cowardly act can lead to more tragic consequences.

The author believes that although fear can be different, the courage that is necessary when fighting it, in any conditions, is the same. Courage requires that “a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting.”

I absolutely agree with the author's position. I also noticed that in most cases the fear that a person faces in everyday life is the fear of condemnation by society. The overwhelming majority of people are very dependent on the opinions of others. Based on the fact that man is a biosocial being, this fear is quite natural. Almost all people cannot live in isolation from society; for most, loneliness is the worst thing that can happen in life. The same soldier, who was afraid to stand up for his friend, could not say anything against injustice, because he did not know how society would react to his action. While fighting in the war, he was sure that his cause was just, that even if he died, he would still be considered a hero in his homeland, because he fought for peace in his country.

And yet, I believe that such fears not only do not save a person from rash actions that threaten him with death (and this is precisely the original purpose of fear), but also have a negative effect on him. Fearing the opinions of others, experiencing shame, inventing complexes for himself, a person cannot realize himself as an individual, because he is always afraid of failure and the subsequent contempt of society. I once read the following words: “Even if you are an angel, there will still be people who will be irritated by the rustling of your wings.” No matter how ideal a person is, there will always be a certain number of people who will not like him. Is it worth chasing the unattainable? Society is a collection of ordinary people who have their own personal fears. These people should not be feared or hated, they should be treated as people.

In conclusion, I want to say that fear can be both useful, for example, when it is able to protect a person from danger, and destructive to the human soul. Most of the fears that a person encounters in everyday life are the result of childhood upbringing, norms and rules of behavior deeply embedded in the consciousness of society. Society strives to control a person, not to give him the opportunity to stand out and become an individual. However, a flock of sheep is often trapped by a pack of wolves. A person needs to be guided primarily by his soul and conscience.

Updated: 2019-06-25

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This note is another “format” essay, written according to the text below as preparation for the Unified State Exam. However, despite the standards, I saw in the text a problem that was really close to me, and I tried to convey this in my work.

First the text. After that, my essay (it passed the test, and the teacher said that even though she had read it several times, she still couldn’t find anything to complain about. And that’s good). Readers of the fox's notes will probably see familiar notes... And that will be good too.

Text by Frida Abramovna Vigdorova:

I knew a wonderful writer. Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. She told me once:
– There are many challenges in life. You can't list them. But here are three, they occur often. The first is the test of need. The second is prosperity, glory. And the third test is fear. And not only with the fear that a person learns in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.
What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury?
Isn't he a fiction? No, it's not fiction. Fear has many faces, and sometimes it affects the fearless.
“It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”
Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.
The man went through the war as a hero. He went on reconnaissance missions, where every step threatened him with death. He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. And now the war is over, the man returned home. To my family, to my peaceful work. He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.
The boy broke the glass.
- Who did it? - asks the teacher.
The boy is silent. He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. He is not afraid to cross an unfamiliar river full of treacherous sinkholes. But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”
What is he afraid of? Flying down the mountain, he can break his neck.
Swimming across the river, you can drown. The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. Why is he afraid to say them?
I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”
He was telling the truth: he was scared. But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.
In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.
I’ll tell the truth, but I’ll be expelled from school for it... If I tell the truth, I’ll be fired from my job... It’s better if I don’t say anything.
There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive is: “My hut is on the edge.” But there are no huts on the edge. We are all responsible for what is happening around us. Responsible for all the bad and all the good. And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs.
There is only one courage. It requires that a person be able to
always overcome the monkey within you: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)

* Frida Abramovna Vigdorova (1915–1965) – Soviet writer,
journalist.

The problem of the ambiguity of human nature

(according to the text by F. Vigdorova)

There are many trials in life. The test of need, success, fear... But why are these tests so difficult to pass in everyday life? Why is human courage so often lost “in the most ordinary everyday affairs”? This question is asked by the Soviet writer Frida Abramovna Vigdorovna.

I believe that the “test of everyday life” is one of the most important, most difficult tests of a person. It is easy to be strong and courageous in the face of mortal danger. It is easy to want to die for the sake of justice, it is more difficult to live every day for it. In everyday worries, when there is nothing to “fight” with, you somehow forget that you always need to be a real person. Acting according to your conscience every minute is real courage.

Thus, Andrei Bolkonsky faces the “test of everyday life” in L. N. Tolstoy’s work “War and Peace.” Prince Andrei takes part in social evenings with contempt on his face; he is tired of peace, of a loving wife, of a peaceful life. The life around him seems petty to Bolkonsky, so he himself does not see the point in expending any moral strength to be better, not to hurt loved ones. He escapes from everyday life to the war, and there he finally begins to live. Courage is not only about running against the enemy with a banner. This is to stand up for Captain Timokhin at the military council, this is the desire to act according to conscience not only during battle, but every day.

An example of everyday courage is given to us by Atticus Finch in Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird. He goes against the fear that F. Vigdorova talks about: the fear of public opinion, misunderstanding, he does what has not been done before in judicial practice - because he considers it right. He tries to be wise and fair not only in court, but every day when he gives his children invaluable life lessons.

Thus, I believe that the most terrible test is the test of everyday life. And real courage lies not only in not being afraid of dangers, but also in being human every day.

How to write an essay in the Unified State Exam format in the Russian language?

Task formulation:

Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read (open), which, in your opinion, are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Give reasons for your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations.
(the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

What you need to know:

Structure of an essay-reasoning for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language:

Clichés for writing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

These clichés are intended only to help you formulate your thoughts and maintain the logic of construction. It is not at all necessary to use these exact phrases. The Unified State Exam essay may look more creative; a prerequisite is compliance with the above structure, since it reflects the criteria by which the examinee will be assessed.

Unified State Exam sample essay

(1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She told me once:
- There are many challenges in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first is the test of need. (7) Second - prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.
(10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless.
(14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”
(15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.
(16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.
(25) The boy broke the glass.
- (26) Who did this? - asks the teacher.
(27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”
(31) What is he afraid of? (32) After all, flying from the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them?
(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”
(37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.
(39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.
(40) I’ll tell the truth, but they’ll expel me from school for it... (41) If I tell the truth, they’ll fire me from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent.
(43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge.
(45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs.
(50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)