Arguments for writing the Unified State Examination. The problem of historical memory (Great Patriotic War) - Essays, Abstracts, Reports

War is the most terrible, most terrible word that exists in the world. Just his pronunciation gives you goosebumps and makes you feel uneasy.

Wars claim thousands of lives. They destroy everything around. They bring hunger. Reading about past wars, we understand how much the people who stood for us to the death did for us. Nobody asked them if they wanted to fight. They were presented with a fact, forced. And, putting all their strength, they won.

There are very few veterans left these days. One day, the guys and I were lucky enough to visit a veteran. We went to him as part of the school program. He was the only one left in our city.

It was a man. You can say - grandfather. He greeted us warmly and smiled. At that moment I almost burst into tears. And when he talked about the fact that he only has a sister who lives in another country and that his wife died several years ago, I couldn’t hold back. You know, this grandfather's standard of living is worse than many of us. And that's wrong. People who defended our present should live happily and not need anything. And our veteran doesn’t even have water in his house. He has to go to the well and collect it in buckets. Then drag it into the house.

No one can help an elderly person who needs help. Is this fair?

He told a lot of interesting and frightening things at the same time. You won't find this in history books. Arriving home, each of us was impressed. We took a different look at the war, at the people who went through it. And that's what I want to say. We must remember and honor all those who had to find out what it is. We must give them our respect. We must help and say thank you every day for the fact that we have a future. That we see a blue sky above our heads, and not black with smoke.

The memory of accomplished feats should always live. People simply have to carry it through generations without missing anything. After all, every word, every action is incredibly important. Their courage is worthy of perpetuation. Memorable places should not be forgotten!

We must remember all the heroes who saved us. Our country. Our lives.

Essay 2

Who among the people does not shudder when they hear the word “war”? It was not for nothing that my grandmother agreed to everything - as long as there was no war, about which she learned a lot from her grandmother’s stories. Any war, even a modern one, with its “targeted” strikes, means suffering, blood and death. What can we say about our most terrible pain and greatest joy - the Great Patriotic War. Victory certainly brought joy. But we still had to live to see it, both at the front and in the rear. Sweat, blood, death and hope - this is the quintessence of war.

My great-great-grandfather went to the front with the Moscow militia and went missing near Vyazma. As I now found out, he had “armor” - this is what is called a deferment from military service. Yakov Emelyanovich was a professional baker and was needed in the rear, but he took off this “armor” and went to the front. Poorly armed and inept militias died, but detained the Germans rushing to Moscow. At the cost of their lives and the many years of suffering of their relatives. His wife Anna Ivanovna had been waiting for him for twenty-five years. She hoped that he was not killed, but in captivity or in an invalid's home. She hoped, waited and raised five children. I waited and hoped.

We must bow at the waist to the people who invented and organized the “Immortal Regiment” campaign. This is a real memory of the war, and not an overly cheerful propaganda imitation of it. I, with my whole family and a portrait of my great-great-grandfather, took part in the march of a small part of this “regiment” twice on May 9th. I saw sincere sadness and interest of people carrying portraits of their front-line relatives. They remember them. They remember their feat, are sad and at the same time filled with pride for them - the defenders of their Fatherland. As long as the idea and practice of this popular movement is alive, the memory of the war will be alive.

Calls are often made to stop bringing up the past and think only about today. They say that soon there will be no one left alive, even those born during the war, and not just those who went through it. But the memory of the war is also needed because it is not necessary for the dead, it is needed for the living. So that someone would not be able to try again to realize their crazy ideas by starting a global war.

Memory of the war (3rd option)

Any event is somehow preserved in the memory of many people, leaving a peculiar trace in it, which consists of images, approximate outlines, and of course the feelings that a person experienced during that event. The memory of this event can be passed down from generation to generation, or it can simply remain forgotten and useless information, but this does not always happen, as, for example, happens with bad memories, and, unfortunately, bad things are remembered much better than anything else. more.

Any war will serve as an example. War in itself is a terrible event, which always leads to a chain of enormous death, destruction, and grief. War is an event that is forever reflected in the minds of many generations, since the memory of the war also carries a guiding message. After all, if a person remembers the war, remembers the horrors it brought to a peaceful land, then he will try to never allow war to happen again, and will do everything so that war does not exist anymore, this is the advantage of remembering terrible events - they force remember that this should never be repeated.

War also affects many other things, not just the people themselves. War is a process engulfed in horror, a process that will forever leave a mark on the land, which unfortunately witnessed bloodshed. War monuments, mass graves, bomb craters, torn out pieces of earth from explosions will forever remain on this land. Nothing can erase this event from history. But this is not bad, because the next generations will remember this, remember the exploits that were accomplished before them, this will motivate them to go further, to create a world where there is no more war and pain, where there is no cruelty, and where there is no bloodshed, they will create a better world, remembering the old terrible one.

In conclusion, we can say that any memory is important. Any memory, any event that, one way or another, left its mark on history has enormous value, but the most valuable memories in world culture will be memories of wars. Because war is the most terrible thing invented by man. Memories of those horrors that we must try not to repeat. And therefore, the next generations will remember those who had the opportunity to participate in the war, those who learned from their own experience all its horrors and disgusting things that happened at that undoubtedly terrible time.

The image and characteristics of Kazbich in the novel Hero of Our Time by Lermontov essay

Kazbich is a robber, a horseman. He is not afraid of anything and, like any other Caucasian, takes care of his honor and dignity

Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Brest Fortress. It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. Everyone who visits those parts definitely comes to the fortress... " (according to B.L. Vasiliev).

Full text

(1) Brest Fortress. (2) It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. (3) Everyone who visits those parts must come to the fortress. (4) They don’t speak loudly here: the days of the forty-first year were too deafening and these stones remember too much. (b) Discreet guides accompany groups to the battlefields, and you can go down into the basements of the 333rd regiment, touch bricks melted by flamethrowers, go to the Terespol and Kholm gates, or stand silently under the arches of the former church. (6) Take your time. (7) Remember. (8) And bow down. (9) In the museum they will show you weapons that once fired, and soldier’s shoes that someone hastily laced in the early morning of June 22. (10) They will show you the personal belongings of the defenders and tell you how they went crazy with thirst, giving water to children... (11) And you will certainly stop near the banner - the only banner that has been found in the fortress so far. (12) But they are looking for banners. (13) They are looking because the fortress did not surrender, and the Germans did not capture a single battle banner here. (14) The fortress did not fall. (15) The fortress bled to death. (16) Historians do not like legends, but they will certainly tell you about an unknown defender whom the Germans managed to capture only in the tenth month of the war. (17) On the tenth, in April 1942. (18) This man fought for almost a year. (19) A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors to the left and right, without orders and rear support, without shifts and letters from home. (20) Time has not revealed his name or rank, but we know that he was a Soviet soldier. (21) Every year on June 22, the Brest Fortress solemnly and sadly marks the beginning of the war. (22) The surviving defenders arrive, wreaths are laid, and the guard of honor freezes. (23) Every year on June 22, an old woman arrives in Brest on the earliest train. (24) She is in no hurry to leave the noisy station and has never been to the fortress. (25) It goes out onto the square, where a marble slab hangs at the entrance to the station: FROM JUNE 22 TO JULY 2, 1941, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF LIEUTENANT NIKOLAY (surname unknown) AND Sergeant-Major PAVL BASNEV, MILITARY SERVANTS AND RAILWAY WORKERS HEROICLY DEFENDED THE STATION L. (26) The old woman reads this inscription all day. (27) Standing next to her, as if on a guard of honor. (28) Leaves. (29) Brings flowers. (30) And again he stands and reads again. (31) Reads one name. (32) Seven letters: "NICHOLAY". (33) The noisy station lives its usual life. (34) Trains come and go, announcers announce that people should not forget their tickets, music thunders, people laugh loudly. (35) And an old woman stands quietly near the marble plaque. (36) There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. (37) The only thing that matters is what they fought for.

An article by Russian writer Boris Vasiliev makes us think whether we remember those soldiers who defended our country, us, from the black plague of fascism. The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised by the author of the article. There are many museums in our country dedicated to heroic soldiers. One of them is the museum of the defenders of the Brest Fortress.

The author’s position is clearly expressed in the words: “Don’t rush. Remember. And bow down." The author calls on modern youth to remember those who gave us a free life, preserved our state, our people. And the most important thing is what they fought for, and they fought for our future.

I completely agree with the author of the article. We have no right to forget those who died in this bloody massacre; we must know and honor their graves, their monuments. You cannot live without touching this, because this is our history. This must be remembered and knowledge passed on to future generations.

Many Russian writers raised the topic of war in their works. Great works have been written about the heroic exploits of Soviet soldiers. This is “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov, and “Soldiers Are Not Born” by K. Simonov, and “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” by B. Vasiliev, and many, many others. After reading Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man,” for a long time I could not move away from the state into which he introduced me. Andrei Sokolov has experienced a lot. The fate that came during the war is the most difficult. But, despite all the difficulties, having gone through all the horror of captivity and concentration camps, Sokolov was able to retain within himself human feelings of kindness and compassion.

Also, B. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” talks about ordinary Soviet girls who were not afraid of an enemy many times superior to them and fulfilled their military duty: they did not allow the Germans to get to the railway tracks in order to blow them up. The girls paid for their brave deed with their lives.

We cannot forget what freedom cost our country. We must remember those who laid down their lives for the future of their descendants. Honor the memory and teach this to your children, passing on the memory of the war from generation to generation.

S. Alexievich "Uwar is not a woman's face..."

All the heroines of the book had to not only survive the war, but also participate in hostilities. Some were military, others were civilians, partisans.

The narrators feel that having to combine male and female roles is a problem. They solve it as best they can. For example, they dream that their femininity and beauty will be preserved even in death. The warrior-commander of a sapper platoon is trying to embroider in the dugout in the evening. They are happy if they manage to use the services of a hairdresser almost on the front line (story 6). The transition to civilian life, which was perceived as a return to the female role, is also not easy. For example, a participant in the war, even when the war is over, when meeting with a higher rank, she just wants to take it up.

A woman's lot is unheroic. Women's testimonies make it possible to see how enormous the role of “non-heroic” activities, which we all so easily designate as “women’s work,” was during the war. This is not only about what happened in the rear, where women bore the brunt of maintaining the life of the country.

Women are nursing the wounded. They bake bread, cook food, wash soldiers' clothes, fight insects, delivering letters to the front line (story 5). They feed wounded heroes and defenders of the Fatherland, while they themselves suffer greatly from hunger. In military hospitals, the expression “blood relationship” became literal. The women, falling from fatigue and hunger, gave their blood to the wounded heroes, not considering themselves heroes (story 4). They are wounded and killed. As a result of the path they have traveled, women change not only internally, but also externally; they cannot be the same (it is not for nothing that one of them is not recognized by her own mother). Returning to the female role is extremely difficult and proceeds like a disease.

Boris Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet..."

They all wanted to live, but they died so that people could say: “And the dawns here are quiet...” Quiet dawns cannot be in tune with war, with death. They died, but they won, they didn’t let a single fascist through. They won because they selflessly loved their Motherland.

Zhenya Komelkova is one of the brightest, strongest and most courageous representatives of the female fighters shown in the story. Both the most comic and the most dramatic scenes are associated with Zhenya in the story. Her goodwill, optimism, cheerfulness, self-confidence, and irreconcilable hatred of her enemies involuntarily attract attention to her and arouse admiration. In order to deceive the German saboteurs and force them to take a long road around the river, a small detachment of girl fighters made a noise in the forest, pretending to be lumberjacks. Zhenya Komelkova acted out a stunning scene of carelessly swimming in icy water in full view of the Germans, ten meters from enemy machine guns. In the last minutes of her life, Zhenya called fire on herself, just to ward off the threat from the seriously wounded Rita and Fedot Vaskov. She believed in herself, and, leading the Germans away from Osyanina, did not doubt for a moment that everything would end well.

And even when the first bullet hit her in the side, she was simply surprised. After all, it was so stupidly absurd and implausible to die at nineteen...

Courage, composure, humanity, and a high sense of duty to the Motherland distinguish the squad commander, junior sergeant Rita Osyanina. The author, considering the images of Rita and Fedot Vaskov to be central, already in the first chapters talks about Osyanina’s past life. School evening, meeting Lieutenant Border Guard Osyanin, lively correspondence, registry office. Then - the border outpost. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect herself from gases, the birth of her son, and then... the war. And in the first days of the war she was not at a loss - she saved other people’s children, and soon found out that her husband had died at the outpost on the second day of the war in a counterattack.

More than once they wanted to send her to the rear, but every time she appeared again at the headquarters of the fortified area, finally she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to study at a tank anti-aircraft school.

Zhenya learned to quietly and mercilessly hate her enemies. At the position, she shot down a German balloon and an ejected spotter.

When Vaskov and the girls counted the fascists emerging from the bushes - sixteen instead of the expected two, the foreman said to everyone in a homely manner: “It’s bad, girls, it’s going to happen.”

It was clear to him that they would not be able to hold out for long against the teeth of armed enemies, but then Rita’s firm response: “Well, should we watch them pass by?” - obviously, greatly strengthened Vaskov in her decision. Twice Osyanina rescued Vaskov, taking the fire upon herself, and now, having received a mortal wound and knowing the position of the wounded Vaskov, she does not want to be a burden to him, she understands how important it is to bring their common cause to the end, to detain the fascist saboteurs.

“Rita knew that the wound was fatal, that she would die long and difficult”

Sonya Gurvich – “translator”, one of the girls in Vaskov’s group, a “city” girl; as thin as a spring rook.”

The author, talking about Sonya's past life, emphasizes her talent, love for poetry and theater. Boris Vasiliev remembers." The percentage of intelligent girls and students at the front was very large. Most often - freshmen. For them, the war was the most terrible thing... Somewhere among them, my Sonya Gurvich fought.”

And so, wanting to do something nice, like an older, experienced and caring comrade, the foreman, Sonya rushes for a pouch that he had forgotten on a stump in the forest, and dies from a blow from an enemy knife in the chest.

Galina Chetvertak is an orphan, a pupil of an orphanage, a dreamer, endowed by nature with a vivid imaginative imagination. Skinny, little "snotty" Galka did not fit the army standards either in height or age.

When, after the death of her friend, Galka was ordered by the foreman to put on her boots, “she physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating the tissue, heard the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood. And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror...” And enemies lurked nearby, mortal danger loomed.

“The reality that women faced in the war,” says the writer, “was much more difficult than anything they could come up with in the most desperate time of their fantasies. The tragedy of Gali Chetvertak is about this.”

The machine gun struck briefly. With a dozen steps, he hit her thin back, strained by running, and Galya plunged face first into the ground, never removing her hands from her head, clasped in horror.

Everything in the clearing froze.”

Liza Brichkina died while performing a mission. In her haste to get to the junction and report on the changed situation, Lisa drowned in the swamp:

The heart of the seasoned fighter, hero-patriot F. Vaskov fills with pain, hatred and brightness, and this strengthens his strength and gives him the opportunity to survive. A single feat - the defense of the Motherland - equates Sergeant Major Vaskov and the five girls who “hold their front, their Russia” on the Sinyukhin Ridge.

This is how another motive of the story arises: everyone on his own sector of the front must do the possible and the impossible for victory, so that the dawns are quiet.

The Great Patriotic War is a special stage in the history of our country. It is associated with both great pride and great sadness. Millions of people died in battles so that we could live. Not much time has passed since the shots stopped ringing, but we have already begun to forget about our exploits.

Someone might say, why remember the horrors? But this is our story. You need to remember the Great Patriotic War, if only to avoid making repeated mistakes. If there is an opportunity to get involved in a war, then past experience will tell you to stay away. There are no winners in war. She punishes everyone, and does it mercilessly.

In literature, writers often talked about war. I'll give two examples. The first example is Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” The main character, Andrei Sokolov, courageously went to the front when the war began.

He fought for his homeland and defended his comrades. Returning home, he saw a destroyed house. Wife and children are dead. But Andrei did not become an alcoholic or despair. He decided to adopt a boy who had also lost his entire family. This story actually happened. Sholokhov personally communicated with the main character and could not ignore the story.

The second example talks about the heroism of women in war. This is Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet.” He reveals the story of five women and one sergeant major who were able to detain the enemy. There were few of them, they were not sufficiently prepared. But courage and determination did their job. Only the foreman survived and told the whole story. It has survived to this day.

Let's remember the war, whatever it may be.

This is our history, these are the exploits of our grandfathers.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing

Updated: 2017-02-13

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Useful material on the topic

It is in the past that a person finds a source for the formation of consciousness, the search for his place in the surrounding world and society. With memory loss, all social connections are lost. It is a certain life experience, an awareness of the events experienced.

What is historical memory

It involves the preservation of historical and social experience. An essay on this issue is often found in test assignments on literature in the 11th grade. Let us also pay a little attention to this issue.

The sequence of formation of historical memory

Historical memory has several stages of formation. After some time, people forget about the events that happened. Life constantly presents new episodes filled with emotions and unusual impressions. In addition, often in articles and fiction the events of long-past years are distorted; the authors not only change their meaning, but also make changes to the course of the battle and the disposition of forces. The problem of historical memory appears. Each author brings his own arguments from life, taking into account his personal vision of the historical past being described. Thanks to different interpretations of one event, ordinary people have the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Of course, to substantiate your idea, you will need arguments. The problem of historical memory exists in a society deprived of freedom of speech. Total censorship leads to the distortion of real events, presenting them to the general population only from the right perspective. True memory can live and develop only in a democratic society. In order for information to pass on to next generations without visible distortion, it is important to be able to compare events that occur in real time with facts from a past life.

Conditions for the formation of historical memory

Arguments on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory” can be found in many classic works. In order for society to develop, it is important to analyze the experience of ancestors, to “work on mistakes”, to use the rational grain that past generations had.

“Black boards” by V. Soloukhin

What is the main problem of historical memory? We will consider arguments from literature using the example of this work. The author talks about the looting of a church in his native village. Unique books are sold as waste paper, and boxes are made from priceless icons. A carpentry workshop is being organized right in the church in Stavrovo. In another one they are opening a machine and tractor station. Trucks and caterpillar tractors come here and store barrels of fuel. The author bitterly says that neither a cowshed nor a crane can replace the Moscow Kremlin. It is impossible to locate a holiday home in a monastery building in which the graves of relatives of Pushkin and Tolstoy are located. The work raises the problem of preserving historical memory. The arguments presented by the author are indisputable. It is not those who died, lying under gravestones, who need memory, but the living!

Article by D. S. Likhachev

In his article “Love, Respect, Knowledge,” the academician raises the topic of desecration of a national shrine, namely, he talks about the explosion of the monument to Bagration, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Likhachev raises the problem of the historical memory of the people. The arguments given by the author relate to vandalism in relation to this work of art. After all, the monument was the gratitude of the people to their Georgian brother, who courageously fought for the independence of Russia. Who could destroy the cast iron monument? Only those who have no idea about the history of their country do not love their Motherland and are not proud of their Fatherland.

Views on patriotism

What other arguments can be made? The problem of historical memory is raised in “Letters from the Russian Museum,” authored by V. Soloukhin. He says that by cutting off one’s own roots, trying to absorb a foreign, alien culture, a person loses his individuality. This Russian argument about the problems of historical memory is also supported by other Russian patriots. Likhachev developed a “Declaration of Culture”, in which the author calls for the protection and support of cultural traditions at the international level. The scientist emphasizes that without citizens’ knowledge of the culture of the past and present, the state will have no future. It is in the “spiritual security” of the nation that national existence lies. There must be interaction between external and internal culture; only in this case will society rise through the stages of historical development.

The problem of historical memory in literature of the 20th century

In the literature of the last century, the central place was occupied by the issue of responsibility for the terrible consequences of the past, and the problem of historical memory was present in the works of many authors. Arguments from the literature serve as direct proof of this. For example, A. T. Tvardovsky called in his poem “By Right of Memory” to rethink the sad experience of totalitarianism. Anna Akhmatova did not avoid this problem in the famous “Requiem”. She reveals all the injustice and lawlessness that reigned in society at that time, and gives weighty arguments. The problem of historical memory can also be traced in the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” contains a verdict on the state system of that time, in which lies and injustice became priorities.

Careful attitude towards cultural heritage

The center of general attention is issues related to the preservation of ancient monuments. In the harsh post-revolutionary period, characterized by a change in the political system, there was a widespread destruction of previous values. Russian intellectuals tried by any means to preserve the country's cultural relics. D. S. Likhachev opposed the development of Nevsky Prospect with standard multi-storey buildings. What other arguments can be made? The problem of historical memory was also raised by Russian filmmakers. With the funds they raised, they managed to restore Kuskovo. What is the problem of historical memory of the war? Arguments from the literature indicate that this issue has been relevant at all times. A.S. Pushkin said that “disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality.”

The theme of war in historical memory

What is historical memory? An essay on this topic can be written based on the work of Chingiz Aitmatov “Stormy Station”. His hero Mankurt is a man who was forcibly deprived of his memory. He has become a slave who has no past. Mankurt does not remember either his name or his parents, that is, it is difficult for him to recognize himself as a human being. The writer warns that such a creature is dangerous for social society.

Before Victory Day, questions were held among young people about the start and end dates of the Great Patriotic War, important battles, and military leaders. The answers received were disappointing. Many guys have no idea about the start date of the war, or about the enemy of the USSR, they have never heard of G.K. Zhukov, the Battle of Stalingrad. The survey showed how relevant the problem of historical memory of the war is. The arguments put forward by the “reformers” of the history course curriculum at school, who have reduced the number of hours allocated to studying the Great Patriotic War, are related to the overload of students.

This approach has led to the fact that the modern generation forgets the past, therefore, important dates in the country’s history will not be passed on to the next generation. If you do not respect your history, do not honor your own ancestors, historical memory is lost. An essay for successfully passing the Unified State Exam can be argued with the words of the Russian classic A.P. Chekhov. He noted that for freedom a person needs the entire globe. But without a goal, his existence will be absolutely meaningless. When considering arguments to the problem of historical memory (USE), it is important to note that there are false goals that do not create, but destroy. For example, the hero of the story “Gooseberry” dreamed of buying his own estate and planting gooseberries there. The goal he set completely absorbed him. But, having reached it, he lost his human appearance. The author notes that his hero “has become plump, flabby... - and just look, he’ll grunt into the blanket.”

I. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” shows the fate of a man who served false values. The hero worshiped wealth as a god. After the death of the American millionaire, it turned out that real happiness passed him by.

I. A. Goncharov managed to show the search for the meaning of life, the awareness of connections with ancestors in the image of Oblomov. He dreamed of making his life different, but his desires were not translated into reality, he did not have enough strength.

When writing an essay on the topic “The Problem of Historical Memory of War” for the Unified State Exam, arguments can be cited from Nekrasov’s work “In the Trenches of Stalingrad.” The author shows the real life of “penalties” who are ready to defend the independence of their Fatherland at the cost of their lives.

Arguments for writing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

In order to get a good score for an essay, a graduate must argue his position using literary works. In M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths,” the author demonstrated the problem of “former” people who have lost the strength to fight for their interests. They realize that it is impossible to live the way they are, and something needs to be changed, but they do not plan to do anything for this. The action of this work begins in a rooming house and ends there. There is no talk of any memory or pride in one’s ancestors; the characters in the play don’t even think about it.

Some try to talk about patriotism while lying on the couch, while others, sparing no effort and time, bring real benefits to their country. When discussing historical memory, one cannot ignore M. Sholokhov’s amazing story “The Fate of a Man.” It talks about the tragic fate of a simple soldier who lost his relatives during the war. Having met an orphan boy, he calls himself his father. What does this action indicate? An ordinary person who has gone through the pain of loss is trying to resist fate. His love has not faded away, and he wants to give it to a little boy. It is the desire to do good that gives a soldier the strength to live, no matter what. The hero of Chekhov's story “The Man in a Case” talks about “people satisfied with themselves.” Having petty proprietary interests, trying to distance themselves from other people's troubles, they are absolutely indifferent to the problems of other people. The author notes the spiritual impoverishment of the heroes, who imagine themselves to be “masters of life,” but in reality are ordinary bourgeois. They have no real friends, they are only interested in their own well-being. Mutual assistance, responsibility for another person is clearly expressed in the work of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”. All of Captain Vaskov’s wards not only fight together for the freedom of the Motherland, they live according to human laws. In Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Sintsov carries his comrade from the battlefield. All the arguments given from various help to understand the essence of historical memory, the importance of the possibility of its preservation and transmission to other generations.

Conclusion

When congratulating you on any holiday, wishes for a peaceful sky above your head are heard. What does this indicate? That the historical memory of the difficult trials of war is passed on from generation to generation. War! There are only five letters in this word, but an immediate association arises with suffering, tears, a sea of ​​blood, and the death of loved ones. Wars on the planet, unfortunately, have always taken place. The moans of women, the crying of children, the echoes of war should be familiar to the younger generation from feature films and literary works. We must not forget about the terrible trials that befell the Russian people. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. To keep the historical memory of those events alive, Russian writers tried to convey the features of that era in their works. Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” showed the patriotism of the people, their willingness to give their lives for the Fatherland. By reading poems, stories, and novels about the Guerrilla War, young Russians get the opportunity to “visit the battlefields” and feel the atmosphere that reigned during that historical period. In Sevastopol Stories, Tolstoy talks about the heroism of Sevastopol in 1855. The events are described by the author so reliably that one gets the impression that he himself was an eyewitness to that battle. The courage of spirit, unique willpower, and amazing patriotism of the city’s residents are worthy of memory. Tolstoy associates war with violence, pain, dirt, suffering, and death. Describing the heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, he emphasizes the strength of spirit of the Russian people. B. Vasiliev, K. Simonov, M. Sholokhov, and other Soviet writers dedicated many of their works to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. During this difficult period for the country, women worked and fought equally with men, even children did everything in their power.

At the cost of their lives, they tried to bring Victory closer and preserve the independence of the country. Historical memory helps to preserve in the smallest detail information about the heroic feat of all soldiers and civilians. If the connection with the past is lost, the country will lose its independence. This cannot be allowed!