Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren Some facts from her personal and creative biography. Screen adaptations of A. Lindgren's works Message about Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren

Astrit Ana Emilia Lillindgren, née Eriksson, (November 14, 1907, Vimmerby, Sweden; January 2, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish writer, author of a number of world-famous books for children, including “Carlson Who Lives on the Roof” and the tetralogy about Pippi Longstocking. In Russian, her books became known and very popular thanks to the translation by Lilianna Lungina.

The family in which the future writer grew up. Lililindgren family Astrit Lililindgren was born in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby, into a farming family. Her parents, father Samuel August Eriksson and mother Hana Jonsson, met when they were 13 and 9 years old. 17 years later, in 1905, they married and settled on a rented farm in Näs, a pastoral estate on the very outskirts of Vimmerby, where Samuel began farming. Astrit became their second child. She had an older brother and two younger sisters.

Childhood is a source of inspiration As Lililindgren herself pointed out in the collection of autobiographical essays “My Fictions” (1971), she grew up in the age of “the horse and the convertible.” The main means of transportation for the family was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was simpler, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today. This environment contributed to the development of the writer’s love for nature; this feeling permeates all of Lililindgren’s work, from eccentric stories about the daughter of captain Pippi Longstocking, to the story about Ronnie, the daughter of a robber.

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it served as a source of inspiration for her work. Astrit’s parents not only felt deep affection for each other and for their children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was rare at that time. The writer spoke with great sympathy and tenderness about the special relationships in the family in her only book not addressed to children, “Samuel August of Sevedstorp and Hana of Hult” (1973).

After graduating from school, she worked at a local newspaper, then moved to Stockholm (1926) and entered secretarial school. On December 4 of the same year, her son Lars was born. Astrit Erickson got married five years later, adopting a surname that has now become world famous. Streets of Stockholm

But the family life of the future writer, despite the chronological oddities, proceeded wonderfully. In any case, she returned to work only in 1937, when Lars turned 11 and already had a three-year-old sister, Karin. In 1941, the Lililindgren family moved to a new apartment in Dalagatan (a district of Stockholm), where Astrit lived until her last days.

Astrit Lililindgren wrote her first big fairy tale, “Pippi Longstocking,” as a gift to her daughter in 1944. The book quickly became popular, it was awarded several prizes, and the stunned author was invited to work for a children's book publishing house. Since then, Astrit Lililindgren's fairy tales, one after another, like a dove from the palm of her hand, have taken off into the world.

In 1951, Sturr Lililindgren, the writer's husband, died. Astrit still has fairy tales and children. Children all over the world. Translated into many languages, "Pippi", "Ronnie - the Robber's Daughter", "Emil of Lenneberga", "Rasmus", "Karlsson Who Lives on the Roof", "Mio, My Mio", "The Lionheart Brothers" continue to win hearts readers, regardless of borders, political differences and other adult nonsense. The Tricks of Emil from Lönneberga

In 1957, Lililindgren became the first children's writer to receive the Swedish State Prize for Literary Achievement. Astrit received so many awards and prizes that it is simply impossible to list them all. Among the most important: the Hans Christian Andersen Prize, which is called the “small Nobel Prize,” the Lewis Carroll Prize, awards from UNESCO and various governments, the Silver Bear (for the film “Ronnie the Robber’s Daughter”)... Since the eighties, the writer has played an important role in political life of the country, protecting the interests of children and animals.

Years of life: from 11/14/1907 to 01/28/2002

Astrid Eriksson was born on November 14, 1907 in the small Swedish town of Vimmerby, into a farming family. Together with her older brother, Gunnar, three sisters grew up in the family - Astrid, Stina and Ingegerd.

The writer herself called her childhood happy, full of games and adventures. Lindgren has always pointed out that it is the source of inspiration for her work. Astrid's parents not only felt deep affection for each other and for their children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was rare at that time. As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by an atmosphere of folklore and folk legends, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works.

After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen.

But two years later she became pregnant without being married, and, leaving her position as a junior reporter, went to Stockholm. There she completed secretarial courses and subsequently found a job in this specialty. In December 1926, her son Lars was born. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to a family of adoptive parents. In 1928, she got a job as a secretary at the Royal Automobile Club, where she met Sture Lindgren. They married in April 1931, and after that Astrid was able to take Lars home.

After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to caring for her children: Lars and her daughter Karin, born in 1934. In 1941, the Lindgren family moved to an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. At this time, Lindgren sometimes worked as a secretary and also wrote short fairy tales for magazines, which became a good school of writing.

In 1945, Astrid Lindgren was offered the position of editor of children's literature at the publishing house Raben and Sjögren. She accepted the offer and worked in one place until 1970, when she officially retired. All her books were published by the same publishing house. Despite being extremely busy and combining editorial work with household responsibilities and writing, Astrid turned out to be a prolific writer: if you count picture books, a total of about eighty works came from her pen.

The writer was a member of the Social Democratic Party all her adult life - and remained in its ranks after 1976, when the writer’s relations with the top of the party worsened.

Since the eighties, the writer has played an important role in the political life of the country, defending the interests of children and animals.

In 1952, Astrid Sture's husband died. Her mother died in 1961, eight years later her father died, and in 1974 her brother and several bosom friends died. Astrid Lindgren has repeatedly encountered the mystery of death and thought about it a lot. While Astrid’s parents were sincere adherents of Lutheranism and believed in life after death, the writer herself called herself an agnostic.

The writer died in 2002, having lived a long and happy life and having written several dozen works, many of which were included in the golden fund of children's literature.

According to Astrid Lindgren, Pippi Longstocking (1945) was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every evening Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. One day a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she made up this name on the spot. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions.

One day, by mistake, the writer was charged a tax amounting to 102% of her income.

In Russia, computer games have been created based on books about Pippi, Carlson and the story “Roni, the Robber’s Daughter.”

One of the minor planets is named after Astrid Lindgren

The children's writer became the first woman to whom a monument was erected during her lifetime (it is located in the center of Stockholm), and Astrid was present at the opening ceremony.

The Swedes called their compatriot “woman of the century.”

Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (Swedish: Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren, née Ericsson, Swedish: Ericsson; November 14, 1907, Vimmerby, Sweden - January 28, 2002, Stockholm, Sweden) - Swedish writer, author of a number of world-famous books for children, including "Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" and "Pippi Longstocking". In Russian, her books became known and very popular thanks to the translation by Lilianna Lungina.

Astrid Eriksson was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland (Kalmar County), into a farming family. Her parents, father Samuel August Eriksson and mother Hanna Jonsson, met when they were 13 and 9 years old. 17 years later, in 1905, they married and settled on a rented farm in Näs, a pastoral estate on the very outskirts of Vimmerby, where Samuel began farming. Astrid became their second child. She had an older brother, Gunnar (July 27, 1906 - May 27, 1974) and two younger sisters, Stina (1911-2002) and Ingegerd (1916-1997).

I'm a little ghost with a motor! - he shouted. - Wild, but cute!

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

As Lindgren herself pointed out in the collection of autobiographical essays “My Fictions” (1971), she grew up in the age of “the horse and the convertible.” The main means of transportation for the family was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was simpler, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today. This environment contributed to the development of the writer’s love of nature - this feeling permeates all of Lindgren’s work, from eccentric stories about the captain’s daughter Pippi Longstocking, to the story about Ronnie, the robber’s daughter.

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it served as a source of inspiration for her work. Astrid's parents not only felt deep affection for each other and for their children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was rare at that time. The writer spoke with great sympathy and tenderness about the special relationships in the family in her only book not addressed to children, “Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hannah from Hult” (1973).

As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works. Her love for books and reading, as she later admitted, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to the amazing, exciting world that one could get into by reading fairy tales. The impressionable Astrid was shocked by this discovery, and later she herself mastered the magic of the word.

No, I don't think you're sick.
- Wow, how disgusting you are! - Carlson shouted and stamped his foot. - What, I can’t get sick like other people?
- Do you want to get sick?! - The Kid was amazed.
- Certainly. All people want this! I want to lie in bed with a high, high fever. You will come to find out how I feel, and I will tell you that I am the most seriously ill patient in the world. And you ask me if I want anything, and I will answer you that I don’t need anything. Nothing but a huge cake, several boxes of cookies, a mountain of chocolate and a big, big bag of sweets!

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

Her abilities became obvious already in elementary school, where Astrid was called “Wimmerbün’s Selma Lagerlöf,” which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.

After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen. But two years later she became pregnant without being married, and, leaving her position as a junior reporter, went to Stockholm. There she completed secretarial courses and in 1931 found a job in this specialty. In December 1926, her son Lars was born. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to a family of adoptive parents. In 1928 she got a job as a secretary at the Royal Automobile Club, where she met Sture Lindgren (1898-1952). They married in April 1931, and after that Astrid was able to take Lars home.

After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to caring for Lars, and then her daughter Karin, born in 1934. In 1941, the Lindgrens moved to an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. Occasionally taking on secretarial work, she composed travel descriptions and rather banal fairy tales for family magazines and Christmas calendars, thereby gradually honing her literary skills.

How old am I? - Carlson asked. “I’m a man in the prime of his life, I can’t tell you anything more.”
- At what age is the prime of life?
- In any! - Carlson answered with a satisfied smile. - In any case, at least when it comes to me. I am a handsome, intelligent and moderately well-fed man in the prime of his life!

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

According to Astrid Lindgren, Pippi Longstocking (1945) was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every evening Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. One day a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she made up this name on the spot. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions. Since Astrid was then advocating a new and hotly debated idea of ​​upbringing based on child psychology, challenging conventions seemed like an interesting thought experiment to her. If we consider the image of Pippi in a generalized sense, it is based on innovative ideas in the field of child education and child psychology that appeared in the 1930s and 40s. Lindgren followed and participated in the controversy, advocating for education that respects children's thoughts and feelings. The new approach to children also affected her creative style, as a result of which she became an author who consistently spoke from the point of view of a child.

After the first story about Pippi, which Karin loved, Astrid Lindgren over the next years told more and more evening fairy tales about this red-haired girl. On Karin's tenth birthday, Astrid Lindgren made a shorthand recording of several stories, from which she then compiled a book of her own making (with illustrations by the author) for her daughter. This original manuscript of Pippi was less elaborate stylistically and more radical in its ideas. The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house, Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. Astrid Lindgren was not discouraged by the refusal; she already realized that composing for children was her calling. In 1944, she took part in a competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house Raben and Sjögren. Lindgren received second prize for the story “Britt-Marie pours out her soul” (1944) and a publishing contract for it.

In 1945, Astrid Lindgren was offered the position of editor of children's literature at the publishing house Raben and Sjögren. She accepted the offer and worked in one place until 1970, when she officially retired. All her books were published by the same publishing house. Despite being extremely busy and combining editorial work with household responsibilities and writing, Astrid turned out to be a prolific writer: if you count picture books, a total of about eighty works came from her pen. The work was especially productive in the 40s and 50s. In the years 1944-1950 alone, Astrid Lindgren composed a trilogy about Pippi Longstocking, two stories about children from Bullerby, three books for girls, a detective story, two collections of fairy tales, a collection of songs, four plays and two picture books. As this list shows, Astrid Lindgren was an extraordinarily versatile author, willing to experiment in a variety of genres.

It’s sad if there is no one to shout: “Hello, Carlson!” when you fly by.

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

In 1946, she published her first story about the detective Kalle Blumkvist (“Kalle Blumkvist Plays”), thanks to which she won first prize in a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in any more competitions). In 1951, there was a sequel, “Kalle Blumkvist Takes Risks” (in Russian, both stories were published in 1959 under the title “The Adventures of Kalle Blumkvist”), and in 1953, the final part of the trilogy, “Kalle Blumkvist and Rasmus” (was translated into Russian in 1986). With Kalle Blumkvist, the writer wanted to replace readers with cheap thrillers that glorified violence.

In 1954, Astrid Lindgren composed the first of her three fairy tales - “Mio, my Mio!” (trans. 1965). This emotional, dramatic book combines the techniques of a heroic legend and a fairy tale, and tells the story of Boo Vilhelm Olsson, the unloved and neglected son of his adoptive parents. Astrid Lindgren has repeatedly resorted to fairy tales and fairy tales, touching on the fate of lonely and abandoned children (this was the case before “Mio, my Mio!”). Bringing comfort to children, helping them overcome difficult situations - this task not least motivated the writer’s work.

In the next trilogy - “The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof” (1955; trans. 1957), “Carlson, who lives on the roof, has arrived again” (1962; trans. 1965) and “Carlson, who lives on the roof, plays pranks again" (1968; trans. 1973) - the fantasy hero of a kindly kind acts again. This “moderately well-fed”, infantile, greedy, boastful, pouting, self-pitying, self-centered, although not without charm, little man lives on the roof of the apartment building where the Kid lives. As Baby's imaginary friend, he is a much less wonderful image of childhood than the unpredictable and carefree Pippi. The Kid is the youngest of three children in the most ordinary family of Stockholm bourgeois, and Carlson enters his life in a very specific way - through the window, and does this every time the Kid feels left out, left out or humiliated, in other words, when the boy feels sorry for himself . In such cases, his compensatory alter ego appears - in all respects, “the best in the world” Carlson, who makes the Kid forget about his troubles.

Calm, just calm! Now I’ll catch up with you, and then you’ll have fun!

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

In 1969, Stockholm's famed Royal Drama Theater staged Carlson on the Roof, which was unusual for the time. Since then, dramatizations based on Astrid Lindgren's books have been constantly performed in both large and small theaters in Sweden, Scandinavia, Europe and the United States of America. A year before the production in Stockholm, the play about Carlson was shown on the stage of the Moscow Satire Theater, where it is still performed (this hero is extremely popular in Russia). While Astrid Lindgren's work has attracted attention worldwide primarily thanks to theatrical performances, in Sweden the writer's fame has been greatly enhanced by films and television series based on her works. The stories about Kalle Blumkvist were the first to be filmed - the film premiered on Christmas Day 1947. Two years later, the first of four films about Pippi Longstocking appeared. Between the 50s and 80s, famous Swedish director Olle Hellboom created a total of 17 films based on Astrid Lindgren's books. Hellboom's visual interpretations, with their inexpressible beauty and sensitivity to the written word, have become classics of Swedish children's cinema.

Over the years of her literary activity, Astrid Lindgren has earned more than one million crowns by selling the rights to publish her books and their film adaptations, to release audio and video cassettes, and later also CDs with recordings of her songs or literary works in her own performance, but not at all I haven't changed my lifestyle. Since the 1940s, she lived in the same - rather modest - Stockholm apartment and preferred not to accumulate wealth, but to give money to others. Unlike many Swedish celebrities, she was not even averse to transferring a significant part of her income to the Swedish tax authorities.

Only once, in 1976, when the tax they collected amounted to 102% of her profits, Astrid Lingren protested. On March 10 of the same year, she went on the offensive, sending an open letter to the Stockholm newspaper Expressen, in which she told a fairy tale about a certain Pomperipossa from Monismania. In this fairy tale for adults, Astrid Lindgren took the position of a layman or a naive child (as Hans Christian Andersen did before her in “The King’s New Clothes”) and, using it, tried to expose the vices of society and general pretense. In the year when parliamentary elections were approaching, this fairy tale became an almost naked, crushing attack on the bureaucratic, complacent and self-interested apparatus of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which had been in power for over 40 years in a row. Finance Minister Gunnar Strang scornfully said in a parliamentary debate: “She can tell stories, but she can’t count,” but was later forced to admit that he was wrong. Astrid Lindgren, who turned out to be right all along, said that she and Strang should switch jobs with each other: “Strang can tell stories, but he can’t count.” This event led to a large protest, during which the Social Democrats were harshly criticized, both for the tax system and for their disrespectful attitude towards Lindgren. Contrary to popular belief, this story did not cause the political defeat of the Social Democrats. In the fall of 1976, they received 42.75% of the vote and 152 of 349 seats in parliament, which is only 2.5% worse than the result of the previous elections in 1973.

Listen, dad,” the Kid suddenly said, “if I’m really worth a hundred thousand millions, then couldn’t I get fifty crowns in cash now to buy myself a little puppy?”

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

The writer herself was a member of the Social Democratic Party throughout her adult life - and remained in its ranks after 1976. And she objected primarily to the distance from the ideals that Lindgren remembered from her youth. When she was once asked what path she would have chosen for herself if she had not become a famous writer, she answered without hesitation that she would like to take part in the social democratic movement of the initial period. The values ​​and ideals of this movement played - together with humanism - a fundamental role in the character of Astrid Lindgren. Her inherent desire for equality and caring attitude towards people helped the writer overcome the barriers erected by her high position in society. She treated everyone with the same warmth and respect, be it the Swedish Prime Minister, the head of a foreign state, or one of her child readers. In other words, Astrid Lindgren lived according to her convictions, which is why she became the subject of admiration and respect, both in Sweden and abroad.

Lindgren's open letter with the tale of Pomperipossa was so influential because by 1976 she was not just a famous writer: she was not only famous in Sweden, but also enormously respected. She became an important person, a person known throughout the country, thanks to numerous appearances on radio and television. Thousands of Swedish children grew up listening to Astrid Lindgren's original books on the radio. Her voice, her face, her opinions, her sense of humor have been familiar to most Swedes since the 50s and 60s, when she hosted various quizzes and talk shows on radio and television. In addition, Astrid Lindgren won over the people with her speeches in defense of such a typically Swedish phenomenon as a universal love for nature and reverence for its beauty.

In the spring of 1985, when the daughter of a Småland farmer spoke publicly about the oppression of farm animals, the Prime Minister himself listened to her. Lindgren heard about animal abuse on large farms in Sweden and other industrialized countries from Kristina Forslund, a veterinarian and lecturer at Uppsala University. Seventy-eight-year-old Astrid Lindgren sent an open letter to major Stockholm newspapers. The letter contained another fairy tale - about a loving cow who protests against the mistreatment of livestock. With this tale, the writer began a campaign that lasted three years. In June 1988, an animal protection law was passed, which received the Latin name Lex Lindgren (Lindgren Law); however, its inspirer did not like it because of its vagueness and obviously low effectiveness.

And in general, will adults pay attention to some tiny house there, even if they trip over it?

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

As in other cases when Lindgren stood up for the well-being of children, adults or the environment, the writer started from her own experience and her protest was caused by deep emotional disturbance. She understood that at the end of the 20th century it was impossible to return to small-scale cattle breeding, which she witnessed in her childhood and youth on her father’s farm and on neighboring farms. She demanded something more fundamental: respect for animals, since they are also living beings and endowed with feelings.

Astrid Lindgren's deep belief in non-violent treatment extended to both animals and children. “Not violence” was the title of her speech when she was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1978 (she received for the story “The Lionheart Brothers” (1973; trans. 1981) and for the writer’s struggle for peaceful coexistence and a decent life for all Living creatures). In this speech, Astrid Lindgren defended her pacifist beliefs and advocated raising children without violence and corporal punishment. “We all know,” Lindgren reminded, “that children who are beaten and abused will beat and abuse their own children, and therefore this vicious circle must be broken.”

In 1952, Astrid Sture's husband died. Her mother died in 1961, eight years later her father died, and in 1974 her brother and several bosom friends died. Astrid Lindgren has repeatedly encountered the mystery of death and thought about it a lot. While Astrid’s parents were sincere adherents of Lutheranism and believed in life after death, the writer herself called herself an agnostic.

The kid did not understand exactly what it meant to be a man in the prime of his life. Maybe he is also a man in the prime of his life, but he just doesn’t know it yet?

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia

In 1958, Astrid Lindgren was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen Medal, which is called the Nobel Prize in children's literature. In addition to awards given exclusively to children's writers, Lindgren has also received a number of awards for “adult” authors, in particular, the Karen Blixen Medal established by the Danish Academy, the Russian Leo Tolstoy Medal, the Chilean Gabriela Mistral Prize and the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize. In 1969, the writer received the Swedish State Prize for Literature. Her achievements in the field of charity were recognized by the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1978 and the Albert Schweitzer Medal in 1989 (awarded by the American Institute for the Improvement of Animal Life).

The writer died on January 28, 2002 in Stockholm. Astrid Lindgren is one of the world's most famous children's writers. Her works are imbued with fantasy and love for children. Many of them have been translated into more than 70 languages ​​and published in more than 100 countries. In Sweden, she became a living legend because she entertained, inspired and consoled generations of readers, participated in political life, changed laws and significantly influenced the development of children's literature.

Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren - photo

Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren - quotes

It’s sad if there is no one to shout: “Hello, Carlson!” when you fly by.

And in general, will adults pay attention to some tiny house there, even if they trip over it?

The kid did not understand exactly what it meant to be a man in the prime of his life. Maybe he is also a man in the prime of his life, but he just doesn’t know it yet?

Listen, dad,” the Kid suddenly said, “if I’m really worth a hundred thousand millions, then couldn’t I get fifty crowns in cash now to buy myself a little puppy?”

Calm, just calm! Now I’ll catch up with you, and then you’ll have fun!

early years

The beginning of creative activity

As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works. Her love for books and reading, as she later admitted, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to the amazing, exciting world that one could get into by reading fairy tales. The impressionable Astrid was shocked by this discovery, and later she herself mastered the magic of the word.

Her abilities became obvious already in elementary school, where Astrid was called “Wimmerbün's Selma Lagerlöf,” which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.

After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for a local newspaper. Wimmerby Tidningen. But two years later she became pregnant without being married, and, leaving her position as a junior reporter, went to Stockholm. There she completed secretarial courses and found a job in this specialty within a year. In December of this year, her son Lars was born. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to a family of adoptive parents. That year she got a job as a secretary at the Royal Automobile Club, where she met Sture Lindgren. They got married in April of this year, and after that Astrid was able to take Lars home.

Years of creativity

After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to caring for Lars, and then her daughter Karin, who was born in the year. That year, the Lindgrens moved to an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. Occasionally taking on secretarial work, she composed travel descriptions and rather banal fairy tales for family magazines and Christmas calendars, thereby gradually honing her literary skills.

According to Astrid Lindgren, “Pippi Longstocking” () was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every evening Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. One day a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she made up this name on the spot. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions. Since Astrid was then defending the idea of ​​upbringing based on child psychology, a new idea for that time and causing heated debate, challenging conventions seemed to her an interesting thought experiment. If we consider the image of Pippi in a generalized sense, it is based on innovative ideas that appeared in the field of child education and child psychology that appeared in the 1940s. Lindgren followed and participated in the controversy, advocating for education that respects children's thoughts and feelings. The new approach to children also affected her creative style, as a result of which she became an author who consistently spoke from the point of view of a child.

After the first story about Pippi, which Karin loved, Astrid Lindgren over the next years told more and more evening fairy tales about this red-haired girl. On Karin's tenth birthday, Astrid Lindgren made a shorthand recording of several stories, from which she then compiled a book of her own making (with illustrations by the author) for her daughter. This original manuscript of Pippi was less elaborate stylistically and more radical in its ideas. The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house, Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. Astrid Lindgren was not discouraged by the refusal; she already realized that composing for children was her calling. That year she took part in a competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house Raben and Sjögren. Lindgren received second prize for the story “Britt-Marie pours out her soul” (1944) and a publishing contract for it.

Film adaptations and theatrical productions

Social activity

Over the years of her literary activity, Astrid Lindgren has earned more than one million crowns by selling the rights to publish her books and their film adaptations, to release audio and video cassettes, and later also CDs with recordings of her songs or literary works in her own performance, but not at all I haven't changed my lifestyle. Since the 1940s, she lived in the same - rather modest - Stockholm apartment and preferred not to accumulate wealth, but to give money to others. Unlike many Swedish celebrities, she was not even averse to transferring a significant part of her income to the Swedish tax authorities.

Awards

Bibliography

Pippi Longstocking

Calle Blumkvist

Rasmus the Tramp

Bullerby

Kati

Carlson

Buzoterov Street

Emil from Lönneberga

Outside the series

It all started with snow falling outside in Stockholm. And an ordinary housewife named Astrid Lindgren slipped and injured her leg. Lying in bed turned out to be desperately boring, and Mrs. Lindgren decided to write a book. Not for publication, of course. Astrid was a sensible woman and understood that it was unlikely that any publisher would want to bother with her work. Fru Lindgren wrote her book for her daughter and... for another child. The same girl that she herself was some twenty years ago.
At that time, Lindgren's name was not Lindgren at all, but Astrid Erikson. She lived with her parents in an estate called Nes. And she was amazingly, incredibly happy. Probably because love lived in the Nes estate. The same one about which troubadours and minstrels once composed songs.
One day, a boy named Erickson (as you guessed, it was Astrid’s father) saw a fair-haired girl with bangs at the fair. From then on, Samuel August of Sevedstrop could only think about Hannah of Hult. For her sake, he, then still a half-poor peasant, abandoned a girl with a dowry of fifty thousand crowns. And when Hannah settled in Ness, Samuel Augustus thanked God every day for giving him such a wife.
Yes, it was great being the Ericksons' daughter! It was also great to wallow in the snow with my brother and sisters until exhaustion in the winter, and lie on sun-warmed stones in the summer, inhale the smell of hay and listen to the corncrake singing. And then play, play from morning until evening. “It’s amazing how we didn’t play ourselves to death.”,” Lindgren later recalled with a smile.
But... any, even the longest holiday, comes to an end someday. So Astrid one day was surprised to discover that she had already grown up. And since her parents did not notice this, Miss Erikson decided to start an independent life. She became a proofreader at a newspaper in the nearby town of Vimmerby and was the first of the girls in the area to cut her long hair.
When Astrid turned eighteen, she went to the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, in search of work. It was there that the girl started to feel really bad. In Stockholm she had no family, no friends, no money. “I'm lonely and poor. Lonely because it is so, and poor because all my property consists of one Danish era. I'm afraid of the coming winter", she wrote to her brother Gunnar.
But fate still smiled on Astrid. After a long search, Miss Erikson found a job at the Royal Motorists Society. A few months later she married her boss Sture Lindgren.
So the office worker Miss Erikson turned into a housewife Mrs. Lindgren. That same inconspicuous housewife who once wrote a book for her daughter.
Well, and then... then the persistent child persuaded his mother to send this story to the publishing house. A miracle, alas, did not happen. The story about Pippi Longstocking seemed too strange to the editor and again took its place in the desk drawer.
But for some reason this didn’t bother Astrid. She bravely submitted her new book, “Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul,” to one of the Swedish literary competitions. And, to be honest, I completely unexpectedly received the first prize there.
It was then that Lindgren fully understood what a blessing it was to be able to write. And that all the hardships and failures in her life - in essence, “nonsense, a matter of everyday life”. Now every evening she dreamed that a new day would quickly begin and the moment would come when she could sit down at her desk and be alone with her heroes. See where Carlson went, admire Emil’s new trick, and swim in the lake with the children from the village of Bullerby for the first time this summer. And the main thing is to feel like a blond girl again with pigtails tied in pretzels...
Since then, Astrid began writing one book after another. And... one after another, receive awards: the Nils Holgersson medal, the Order of the Smile, an honorary doctorate from the University of Linköping... And one day Lindgren found out that she would be awarded the most important award for storytellers - the Hans Christian Andersen Gold Medal.
This happened in Italy, in Florence. The sun shone over the Palazzo Vecchio and heralds in medieval garb sounded fanfares. Astrid rejoiced at the holiday like a child, and probably didn’t remember at all the day when it snowed outside in Stockholm...

Nadezhda Voronova

WORKS BY A. LINDGREN

COMPLETE WORKS: 10 volumes / Transl. with Swedish L. Braude, N. Belyakova. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2000-2004.

COLLECTED WORKS: In 6 volumes: Transl. with Swedish / Comp. and after. L. Braude. - St. Petersburg: ABC: Terra, 1997-1998.

BROTHERS LION HEART / Transl. with Swedish B. Erkhova; Il. I. Wikland. - M.: Dom, 1991. - 472 p.: ill.

BROTHERS LIONHEART: Fairytale. stories: Transl. with Swedish / Artist. O. Filipenko. - St. Petersburg: North-West, 1991. - 601 p.: ill.
From the contents: Brothers Lionheart.
This is a book about Nangiyal - the country where now “It’s time for fairy tales, it’s time for adventure and campfires”. And also about two brothers nicknamed Lionheart, about Good and Evil and the fact that the human soul is immortal...

MADIKEN AND PIMS OF JUNIBAKKEN; WE ARE ALL FROM BULLERBY: Stories / Trans. with Swedish I. Novitskaya, L. Gorlina; Rice. I. Wikland. - M.: Det. lit., 1990. - 367 pp.: ill.
"Madiken and Pims from Junibakken"
Madiken and Pims are two little girls. However, Madiken is not so little - she already goes to school. And Yunibakken?.. Yunibakken is a manor where it is very cozy and joyful to live.

"We are all from Bullerby"
The best place in the world? "Village of Bullerby!"- Lizzie will tell you. And Lasse, Bosse, Ulle, Britta and Anna will agree with her.

MIO, MY MIO! // Mio, my Mio!: Fairy tales of Scandinavian writers. - M.: Pravda, 1990. - P. 56-124.

MIO, MY MIO!: [Tales-fairy tales]: Trans. with Swedish / Ill. V. Ekleris. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2005. - 347 p.: ill.
From the contents: Mio, my Mio!
Busse, the hero of this book, will not be sad on the bench for long. Now he will go to a fairy tale, to the Far Country, where his father-king will not wait for him, where the air is full of joy, secrets and adventures...

WE ARE ON THE ISLAND OF SALTKROK: A Tale / Transl. with Swedish L. Braude and E. Milekhina; Entry Art. L. Braude. - L.: Det. lit., 1971. - 176 pp.: ill.
Listen to how it sounds: Salt-kroka, Salt-kroka... So the writer by the name of Melkerson really liked this name. He liked it so much that he even rented a dacha on the island and moved there for the whole summer with his children...

PEPPY LONGSTOCKING: [Stories-fairy tales] / [Trans. with Swedish L. Lungina; Il. E. Dvoskina]. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2005. - 316 p.: ill. - (My favorite books).
Haven't you heard that this girl in multi-colored stockings can easily lift a real horse? And that Pippi lives in her own villa and does only what she wants?..

THE ADVENTURES OF EMIL FROM LONNEBERG: [Tales] / Trans. with Swedish L. Lungina; Artist V. Bokovnya. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - 234 p.: ill.
Emil was the most talented, one might say a brilliant mischief-maker, not only in the village of Lönneberg, but in the entire province of Småland. Well, could anyone else even think of lifting their own sister up the flagpole, setting fire to the feather on the pastor’s hat and feeding the pig drunken cherries?!..

RASMUS THE VAG / [Trans. with Swedish E. Milekhina and O. Sharkova; Afterword L. Braude; Rice. G. Fitingof]. - Reprint. ed. - M.: Lik, . - 159 p.: ill.

RASMUS THE VAG: Stories / Trans. with Swedish N. Belyakova, L. Braude; Il. V. Bokovni. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2005. - 363 pp.: ill.
How sad it was in the shelter! So little Rasmus decided to run away to try to find his dad and mom...

RONIE, THE ROBBER'S DAUGHTER: A Fairy Tale Tale / Transl. with Swedish L. Lungina; Rice. I. Wikland. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - 220 pp.: ill. - (My favorite books).
This is a book about the girl Roni and the boy Birka, about the robber's castle and the primeval forest, about the evil Vittras and strange Nisse. And also about how difficult and joyful it is to live in the world.

THREE STORIES ABOUT THE KID AND CARLSON / Trans. with Swedish L. Lungina; Afterword A. Isaeva; Rice. I. Wikland. - M.: Det. lit., 1986. - 415 pp.: ill.

THREE STORIES ABOUT THE KID AND CARLSON / Trans. with Swedish L. Lungina; Il. E. Nazarova. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2003. - 381 p.: ill.
Do you hear a motor whirring somewhere? This is Carlson flying, who lives on the roof... What are you waiting for? Run quickly! Open the window!..

CHERSTIN AND ME: [Tales] / Trans. with Swedish L. Braude; Il. O. Markina. - St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2000. - 365 pp.: ill.
"Britt Marie pours her heart out"
This story turned Astrid Lindgren from an ordinary housewife into a world-famous writer.

- The Tale of Kalla Blumkvist -

KALLE BLOMKVIST AND RASMUS // Lindgren A. On the island of Saltkrok: Stories. - L.: Lenizdat, 1986. - P. 261-389.

COMPLETE WORKS: In 10 volumes: Supersleuth Kalle Blomkvist / Trans. with Swedish L. Braude. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2002. - 459 p.: ill.

THE ADVENTURES OF KALLE BLOMKVIST: A Tale / Trans. with Swedish N. Gorodinskaya. - Vilnius: Vituris, 1989. - 224 p.: ill.
Sherlock Holmes, Father Brown, Hercule Poirot, Miss Marple, Commissioner Maigret and... Calle Blumkvist is fourteen years old.

SUPER DETECTIVE KALLE BLOMKVIST: [Sat.] / [Trans. with Swedish L. Braude; Il. V. Ekleris]. - St. Petersburg: ABC: ONIX XXI century, 2001. - 461 p.: ill.

- Fairy tales -

MIO, MY MIO!: Tales of Scandinavian writers: Trans. from norwegian and Swedish / Comp., intro. Art. L. Braude; Artist A. Ozerevskaya. - M.: Pravda, 1990. - 479 p.: ill.

TROLL'S GIFT: Lit. fairy tales of Scandinavia / Trans. from Danish, Norwegian, Swedish L. Braude; Per. with illustration B. Zharova; Comp. L. Braude; Designed Yu. Kolesnikova. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - 542 p.: ill.

TALES OF SCANDINAVIAN WRITERS: Trans. from Dan., Nor. and Swedish / Comp. and ed. note L. Braude, N. Belyakova; Entry Art. L. Braude; Artist B. Smirnov. - L.: Lenizdat, 1990. - 558 p.
In these collections you will find short tales by Astrid Lindgren.

Nadezhda Voronova

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORK OF A. LINDGREN

Braude L. Astrid Lindgren and her story “We are on the island of Saltkroka” // Lindgren A. We are on the island of Saltkroka. - L.: Det. lit., 1971. - pp. 3-6.
Braude L. Astrid Lindgren and her story “Rasmus the Tramp” // Lindgren A. Rasmus the Tramp. - M.: Lik, 1991. - P. 153-158.
Braude L. Britt Marie, Cherstin and Barbu // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Cherstin and I. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-14.
Braude L. The Sorceress from Sweden // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Mio, my Mio!; Lionheart Brothers; Ronia is the daughter of a robber. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2003. - P. 5-16.
Braude L. Good night, Mr. tramp! // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Rasmus the tramp. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-14.
Braude L. Emil from Lenneberga is still alive! // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Emil from Lenneberga. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-12.
Braude L. Their names are Madiken and Cherven // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: We are on the island of Saltkrok; Madiken. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-12.
Braude L. Katya travels // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: The Adventures of Katya. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-12.
Braude L. Who is super detective Kalle Blomkvist? // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Supersleuth Kalle Blomkvist. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-10.
Braude L. The best Astrid in the world // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Karlsson, who lives on the roof. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2003. - P. 5-24.
Braude L. I don’t want to write for adults!: Document. essay about the life and work of Astrid Lindgren. - L.: Det. lit., 1987. - 111 p.: ill.
Braude L. Coming from childhood // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Children from Bullerby. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2004. - P. 5-12.
Braude L. Modern literary fairy tale // Braude L. Scandinavian literary fairy tale. - M.: Nauka, 1979. - P. 145-170.
Braude L. This amazing Pippi // Lindgren A. Complete works: In 10 volumes: Pippi Longstocking. - St. Petersburg: ABC-classics, 2003. - P. 5-14.
Lungina L. They will not be robbers // Lindgren A. Roni, daughter of a robber. - M.: Det. lit., 1987. - pp. 185-191.
Lungina L. Afterword // Lindgren A. Carlson, Pippi and others. - M.: Pravda, 1987. - P. 595-602.
Strömstedt M. The Great Storyteller: The Life of Astrid Lindgren / Trans. with Swedish E.Enerud. - M.: Agraf, 2002. - 304 p.: ill.
Sharov A. Sorceresses: [Astrid Lindgren and Selma Lagerlöf] // Sharov A. Wizards come to people. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - pp. 261-264.

N.V.

SCREEN ADAPTATIONS OF A. LINDGREN'S WORKS

- ART FILMS -

The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof. Film-performance Moscow. t-ra Satire. Cast: S. Mishulin (Carlson), T. Peltzer (Fröken Bock), etc.
Mio, my Mio. Dir. V.Grammatikov. Comp. B. Anderson, A. Elias. USSR-Sweden-Norway, 1987. Cast: Timothy Bottoms, S. York, A. Sergeev, S. Engstrom, J. Steins, I. Yasulovich and others.
We are all from Bullerby. Sweden, 1987.
Pippi Longstocking. Music TV movie In 2 sir. Scene and post. M. Mikaelyan. Comp. V. Dashkevich. Lyrics by Yu.Kim. USSR, 1984. In chap. Cast: S. Stupak, F. Stukov, M. Boyarsky, T. Vasilyeva, L. Durov, L. Yarmolnik, L. Shagalova, E. Nikishchikhina and others.
Pippi Longstocking. Dir. O. Welton. Sweden.
The Adventures of Calle the Detective. Based on the story “The Adventures of Kalle Blumkvist.” Dir. A.Zebryunas, USSR, 1976.
The antics of a tomboy. Based on the story "Emil's Tricks". Dir. V. Brasla. USSR, 1985.
Rasmus the tramp. TV movie. In 2 sir. Dir. M.Muat. Comp. B. Tchaikovsky. USSR, 1978. Starring: Kirill Poltevsky, A. Filozov, S. Yursky, E. Nikishchikhina, L. Luzhina, T. Pankova and others.
Roni, daughter of a robber. Scene A. Lindgren. Dir. T. Danielson. Sweden.

- CARTOONS -

Baby and Carlson. Dir. B. Stepantsev. Comp. G. Gladkov. USSR, 1968. Roles voiced by: V. Livanov, K. Rumyanova, F. Ranevskaya and others.
Carlson is back. Dir. B. Stepantsev. Comp. G. Gladkov. USSR, 1970. Roles voiced by: V. Livanov, K. Rumyanova, F. Ranevskaya and others.