Drawing geometric shapes. How to beautifully draw a full-length human figure of a woman step by step with a pencil for beginners and children? How to draw the body, arms, legs of a woman in clothes? How to draw a person, woman, sideways, pencil movement

Adobe Photoshop is widely used for working with images, providing a truly wide range of possibilities. Most users use Photoshop for photo retouching, but, in addition, the program allows you to create: drawings, paintings, graphics - of varying degrees of complexity. Photoshop has several tools designed for creating drawings. The first step is to learn how to draw simple elements like triangles, lines, ellipses and others, since they are used very often when creating various types of drawings. In this article we will take a closer look at how to draw simple shapes in Photoshop. Let's figure it out. Go!

Let's understand the basics of computer graphics

With Adobe Photoshop open, look at the Tools panel. To go to the shapes, click on the rectangle icon. In the pop-up window you will see the following tools:

• "Rectangle";
• "Rectangle with rounded corners";
• "Ellipse";
• "Polygon";
• "Line";
• "An arbitrary figure."

The editor offers several classic and free forms

There are three drawing modes in total:

1. A new shape is created, for which you can make a fill layer or a vector mask.
2. An outline of the figure is created and painted over with some color.
3. Pixel mode. In this case, the images are raster and not vector.

For each selected figure, geometric parameters are set, in other words, proportions. To draw a rectangle, select the appropriate tool, set the necessary outline settings and fill color. Now just place the cursor at the point on the sheet from which you want to start drawing. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the rectangle as needed.

There is nothing easier than drawing a line. The tool of the same name is used for this.

For a circle, use the Shift key or the additional settings menu

Let's move on to how to draw a circle in Photoshop. Here everything happens in a similar way. Select the Ellipse tool and decide on the color and thickness of the outline. If you want to get a circle rather than an ellipse, hold down the “Shift” key on your keyboard or set “circle” in the geometric parameters section.

We draw a beautiful composition using standard tools

Now let's figure out how to draw a triangle in Photoshop. In this case, everything is not so obvious, but at the same time it is not at all more complicated. All you need to do is select “Polygons” and in the small “Sides” window, set the number of angles. Accordingly, to get a triangle, enter the number “3”. Then everything is done exactly the same as in previous cases. Using the Polygon tool, you can create a shape with any number of angles. If you need a right triangle, draw a square and then cut off half diagonally.

Arrows at the beginning or end can be set in the tool properties

Let's look at how to draw an arrow in Photoshop. There are two ways to do this. The first is that you need to select the “Line” tool, then in the parameters window mark which side of the line the arrow will be on (at the beginning or at the end), then you need to set the thickness of the arrow in pixels. Place the cursor at the desired point and start stretching the line with the mouse. The second method is to select “Custom Shape”. On the top panel there is a table with templates, among them there is an arrow.

Templates included in the standard application package

Drawing a person can be the most vivid and profound experience in an artist's life. Today we have prepared for you tips from the famous Italian artist Giovanni Civardi from the book “Drawing the Human Figure”. Let this knowledge become a source of inspiration and creative stimulation, helping to convey moods and memories in the form of a drawing.

You can draw a human figure and a portrait using any materials - from pencils to watercolors. The pencil is the most common tool due to its low cost and versatility. Charcoal is great for making quick drawings with strong tonal contrast and is less suitable for fine detail. For ink, thick and smooth paper of good quality is recommended. Mixed media is the simultaneous combination of different materials in one drawing.

Experiment to find your own techniques that will bring out the most expression, and try to take advantage of random effects.

Basics of plastic anatomy

Artists study anatomy with the goal of meaningfully depicting the human figure. To reproduce it reliably, you need to not only see, but also understand what you are drawing.

Thanks to knowledge of anatomy, the image becomes more convincing and alive than nature itself.

In general, the shape of the body is determined by the skeleton as the main supporting structure, the muscles that cover it, and the upper layer consisting of fat. It is useful to learn and remember the relative sizes of the articulating bones and their proportions relative to each other and the entire skeleton, because without this information it is impossible to “translate” a figure onto paper and acquire the skill of logically and consistently depicting it.

Below are the main bones of the skull and neck along with skin, cartilage, fat, muscle, hair and more in layers.

Skeleton of the male torso, enclosed within the contours of the body, in the frontal, lateral and dorsal planes. These drawings will help expand your understanding of body shape.

Upper and lower limbs in different planes. As in the previous figure, the skeletal structure is shown within the outlines of the body.

It is important for the artist to consider three main aspects of muscle: its appearance (shape, size, volume), location (where it is located relative to the skeletal structure and neighboring muscles, how deep or superficial) and its mechanism (function, direction of muscle pull, corresponding changes in shape and etc.).

Proportions

To make the drawing believable, it is necessary to take into account the proportions of the body and head. The height of the head from forehead to chin is often taken as a unit of measurement to determine body proportions. The height of a standard figure is approximately 7.5-8 heads. Remember a few more proportional relationships: the head fits three times into the total height of the body and neck, the length of the upper limbs is also equal to three heads, and the lower ones - three and a half.

Despite the differences between individuals, they can be divided into three main groups of types with similar characteristics within each - ectomorphs, mesomorphs and endomorphs.

Hands and feet

It is easy to understand why the hands and feet, with their structure and the variety of possible gestures, are considered the most difficult parts of the body to convincingly reproduce, both in drawing and in painting and sculpture.

Drawing your hands and feet is the best way to study them in as much detail as possible. You will be able to make sure that the resulting studies are quite decent, comparable to facial drawings, and maybe even more expressive.

First, a quick (but diligent) sketch is made in the desired angle and pose, then, using its “geometrization,” the necessary anatomical information and volume are conveyed, after which details and individual outlines are clarified.

Just as for the head and body, knowledge about the structure of the bones of the feet and hands will be useful.

Draw your own hands and feet in different positions. You can use a mirror. Take different objects in your hands and convey the dynamics and mood of the gesture in the drawing.

Head, face, portrait

The main interest for the artist has always been the face and figure. A portrait is not simply a reproduction of physical features for the purpose of recognizing a particular character. This is a story through facial expressions about his personality, thoughts and emotions.

We described in detail how to draw a head and facial features in the article.

Sketches of a man in a sketchbook

A sketch is a quick, spontaneous drawing from life, completed in a short time with a few informative lines. Drawing people in natural settings, who are not posing deliberately and probably have no idea that they are being looked at and depicted, will seem difficult at first. But there is no real reason to be afraid or lost - it is unlikely that anyone will pay attention to what you are doing.

The ability to imitate strangers in any pose and under any circumstances is important for developing technical skills and value judgment. And, of course, regular sketching practice will sharpen the gift of observation and interpretation, teach you to look deeper and make quick, confident, understandable and accurate decisions.

Some quick tips on how to sketch from life:

• Make it a habit to always carry a pencil and a small sketchbook - one that can easily fit into your bag or pocket - with you in case something catches your attention or seems interesting.
• It is worth striving to increase observation and the ability to isolate the main thing and at the same time coordinate visual perception, value judgment and hand movements while drawing.
• Don’t try to reflect on paper everything you see in real life. Given the limited amount of time and the risk of the model changing her pose at any second, focus on what matters most.
• To learn to use your memory to reproduce the sequence of basic phases of movement, you will need maximum concentration in observing people.

If you're still nervous about the idea of ​​drawing people from life (keep in mind that if someone notices what you're doing, some might be flattered and others might walk away in displeasure), drawing statues can help you mentally prepare for it and gain some confidence. and sculptures in museums or monuments in public places.

Find out if you can do sketches in the museum, and if so, feel free to go there and sketch the sculptures from different angles.

This is how drawing is taught in Paris - in the courtyard of the Louvre with sculptures.

Drawing stages

If you're drawing a full figure (clothed or naked), you can first draw a few quick, light lines to outline the space it will occupy on the piece of paper (maximum height, maximum width, etc.). Then outline the main body parts (head, torso and limbs) taking into account relative proportions.

Finish the drawing with significant outlines, shadows and details that cannot be omitted. Erase the construction lines if necessary.

In the book “Drawing the Human Figure,” each section is analyzed in as much detail as possible; there are detailed images of the human skeleton in different planes. It is described in detail how to draw the figure of a man, woman, child, elderly person, how to depict nudes and a person in clothes.

This method is by no means the best, much less the fastest, but from the point of view of most artists it is correct. He slowly but surely helps you draw a person with a pencil step by step.
At the end of the article you can watch the video About,
This method of drawing is aimed at stimulating the imagination and forming an idea of ​​the human body in three-dimensional space; it is well suited for beginners and for people who are diligent and patient.
Almost all beginning draftsmen begin drawing a human figure from the head, thereby making a serious mistake. And they are quite surprised when, as a result, it turns out that there is absolutely no room left on the paper for the feet - this method will save you from such an unpleasant situation.

Consider the ideal proportions of the human body:

So head fits in tall people along the length of the body 8 times, in people of average height – 7.5 times, in people of short stature - 6-7 times.
Head fits 2.5 times the length of the body, in leg length – 3-4 times.
Stretched along the body hand should concern mid thigh.
Shoulder width in an adult male it is usually equal two head lengths and more than hip width.
Thigh length corresponds length of the lower leg with the foot, A lower leg - two foot lengths.
The female figure, unlike the male figure, has a lower average height and shorter limbs.
Hip Width women usually have more shoulder width.
A woman's head is relatively and absolutely smaller than a man's.

Schematic representation of a person:

Every child knows the song from the cartoon "Octopussy": "Stick, stick, cucumber, it turned out to be a little man..."
And don't underestimate this phrase.
Schematic men display a very important characteristic - the proportions of body parts. And in order to avoid logical discord in our stick-shaped men, it is necessary to comply with the so-called “artistic canon”.
Now let's take a closer look at our sketchy people:

Sketchy Man No. 1
Everyone has drawn such a man at least once in their life.
This is the so-called basic man.
But there's not much you can do about it.
Just practice maintaining the proportions of the head, torso, arms and legs.


Schematic Man No. 2
Here the proportions of the forearm, thigh, lower leg and foot are additionally outlined.


Schematic man No. 3
The perfect stick man!
I'm sure you've hardly seen any child draw a little man exactly like that.
The shoulders and pelvis of this figure already have a certain width.

Exercise:
In order to understand how accurately you observe proportions in your works, draw a few schematic men.
Thus, simply and quickly, without being distracted by details (clothing, hair, etc.), you can assess how well you know the proportions of the human body.
In addition, you can immediately determine whether the figure will fit on the sheet.

I think now you understand how important it is to master proportions. And what an important role the sketchy men play in the future picture.

Human Pose:

It's time to revive and make our hero do something. So before you start working on a character, with the help of schematic drawings you can try out many poses and choose one.
Below are some examples of the stick figures in action.

The picture shows a man walking.
Notice the movement of the hip joints. Typically, the shoulders move in the opposite direction.

A person lies on his side with support on one arm. Thus, the chest “hangs” on the shoulder and the spine, bending, draws a curved line.

In order to draw the human body, you need to know the features of its structure.

The skeleton is the basis

head
rib cage
spine
pelvis
joints
hands
brushes
legs
feet

Notice the curve of the spine
(to make it easier to see, we won’t draw the hand).

The skeleton can be drawn in a simplified form:

Having an idea about the structural features of the skeleton, moving on to muscle and/or fat , if we get lucky…).
We will use all sorts of shapes to display body parts: cylinders, ellipses, etc.

Now you can clearly evaluate

The whole process from sketching (creating a schematic man) to three-dimensional drawing based on a schematic drawing:

This method will also help you work with details. For example, in drawing the hands and feet:

That's all!
The main idea of ​​this lesson is that the correct foundation is important for drawing.
And to achieve this goal, it is necessary to discard everything unnecessary and present it in schematic form.
And the sketchy people will help you with this!
The main advantage of this method is that you can easily and quickly try on many poses for your character.
Choose the most suitable pose and decide on the composition at the first stage.
This article is suitable for those who want to learn how to draw a full-length person or, in general, how to draw with a pencil step by step
Thank you for your attention.

Can you draw? Or maybe you want to try how this is done and learn the basics of this exciting activity? Don't know how to take the first step? It's not so easy, but if you want to try, then read on, and together we'll figure out how to draw a human figure. To work, we will need a sheet of thick, moderately sized paper, several pencils, soft and medium hard, and a white soft eraser for erasing erroneous lines.

General Considerations

The question of that occupies everyone who has picked up a pencil. It is not uncommon for a beginning artist to be disappointed when he looks at the results of his efforts. Usually they are very different from what we would like to achieve. Many people give up trying to learn to draw at this stage. But if you still have not abandoned your intention, you should change your approach to business. The question of full growth should be answered on a systematic basis. First of all, consistency and phasing are important in drawing. For many this will sound unexpected, but before you draw something, you should think carefully. And this applies primarily to such a complex subject as the human figure.

How to draw a full-length person so that it looks convincing?

Any drawing begins with the correct layout, that is, placing the future image on a plane. This is done with light pencil strokes, indicating the extreme points of the depicted figure. In any drawing, a certain semantic compositional center should be highlighted. One of the main rules of composition is that this compositional center should under no circumstances coincide with the geometric one. The image on the plane should occupy approximately three-quarters of the surface, leaving free space around the edges. Further, in order for the answer to the question of how to draw a full-length person to look convincing, his figure must be built in compliance with the proportions and laws of anatomy. And just as important, she must stand firmly on her feet or sit on some kind of support - so that this does not violate the laws of balance. The proportions of the figure vary depending on age; in an adult, the head is about a seventh of the height.

We build a figure step by step

Professional artists have been working on this for many years. In art universities, it is studied in detail. The course is specially adapted for artists, and when studying it, they study in detail all the bones and muscles present in the human body, their articulation and interaction. This knowledge and skills are necessary for competent construction of the human figure. But when faced with the problem of how to draw a person in full height for the first time, it will be enough to correctly take the proportional relationships between individual parts of the body and the figure as a whole. And understand the general structural and muscular systems. When constructing the torso of the figure, we outline the axial lines, shoulder and hip girdle, and joints. When constructing a figure, first of all we remember balance. The figure must stand firmly on its feet. To ensure this requirement, artists have a proven technique - a vertical line from the jugular cavity (the depression between the collarbones under the chin), drawn onto the plane, should not extend beyond the plane of the feet. And then the most important thing - we carefully check the proportions of the limbs, torso and head, gradually building the entire figure.

Generalization of the drawing

When constructing and working out the details, it is very important to stop in time and observe the measure. From the analysis of individual details, one should gradually move on to a generalization of the figure as a whole. As a rule, this is done with wide, sweeping strokes. Nudity does not have to be depicted too often. But basic knowledge of plastic anatomy is necessary for the artist in any case. Without them, it is impossible to correctly figure out how to draw a dressed person. When drawing a figure from any spatial perspective, you need to see and imagine it through and through. Particular attention should be paid to the patterns in which folds form on clothing. This is a very essential element in the depiction of a figure. They can emphasize movement or stability. Having outlined the general contours, we gradually give all the details volume. We model the shape with chiaroscuro. When constructing, special attention should be paid to shading. The stroke is the most important element in the arsenal of a graphic artist. A lot depends on the force of its pressure, length and direction. The culture of shading is developed gradually, with practice.

Perspective

Correct construction of any spatial figure, in particular a person, on a plane is impossible without understanding the laws. You should understand it and understand that all parallel lines and planes have a vanishing point on the horizon. They are absent from the human figure, but she easily fits into them. And in order to convincingly answer the question of how to draw a person in full growth, the perspective construction of the figure should be carried out only after its position in relation to the horizon is understood. The horizon line should be drawn first in the drawing.

Let's sum it up

Let's try to critically analyze our creativity. What happened in the end? It rarely happens that a novice artist is satisfied with the results of his labors. It is possible to achieve something worthwhile only if the correct conclusion is drawn from the almost inevitable first failure and the work is continued. With each new drawing there will be fewer and fewer errors. This is the process of gradual improvement. Everyone who has achieved anything in the art of drawing has passed it before you. You should also carefully and systematically study the heritage of recognized masters of drawing. At your disposal are albums of reproductions and many art sites on the Internet. And in addition to long staged drawings, short sketches should be performed. In them you should catch the movement of the figure and, without fixating on the little things, achieve maximum expressiveness of the lines.

This method is just a tool to help you draw the human figure. This method does not claim to be the best and fastest. The purpose of this drawing method is to determine the shape of a person in three-dimensional space.
Classic animation (and Disney in particular) uses a similar way of developing characters.
Using this method will help you get your ideas down on paper.

Pose
Basic anatomy

Stick figures...

Wait, don't go! Drawing stick figures may be easy... but when was the last time you drew them well...
Do not underestimate the capabilities of such figures and the possibilities of their use at the initial stage.
First of all, they represent a very important element of any object you draw: size proportions. Everyone knows that dimensions determine almost everything in a drawing. Too short a leg or too big a nose can ruin the impression of any, even the best drawing.
Let's look at the stick figures. They have differences in details, but the essence is the same. We'll look at the details later. First, let's look at the proportions of the standing figure.

Stick figure 1. This is the main figure. You see the head, torso, arms and legs. You can't do much with it other than practice with the proportions of the figure's parts.

Stick figure 2.
You can experiment with this little man, determining the proportions of the arms and legs.

Language of the body
Stick figures again.

Now that you know how important it is to determine proportions, we move on to creating poses using the same figures. It’s easier to say: decide what your hero does?
When playing with people, you can experiment with poses before you start drawing the desired pose for the drawing. Yes..., an unassuming little man will help you plan your masterpiece.

People in motion.
Here are some examples of using stick figures to define poses.

Spear throw.

I think this one is dancing...

This one is running...
You see some shift in the position of the pelvis and shoulders because we are looking at it from the outside.

Gladiator
Again some reduction in size (hand with sword). Note the rotation of the body: a very natural position, especially when turning in an effort to see something.

Sadness or searching for contact lenses...

Slacker
Another example of torso curvature. Shoulders and hips are directed at an angle.

At the same time an impossible or extremely uncomfortable position.
Anyway, it looks stupid

Balance When you determine a pose, you should pay attention to the center of gravity. It is located in the lower abdomen of a person, slightly above the perineum. The weight of your legs makes up almost half of your total weight.
The position of the center of gravity in relation to the “rest points” of the body indicates the balance of the body. The following examples demonstrate this.

Red circle - center of gravity
Red arrow – direction of gravity
Green arrow - rest points

Standard gait
As you can see, the center of gravity lies between two rest points. This is a balanced pose.

Movement and action
The body is a flexible and mobile system, influenced by the center of gravity. It has no natural solid position.

The first picture shows a little man walking. Notice how the pelvic joints move due to gravity. The movement of the shoulders usually occurs in the opposite direction of the movement of the pelvic joints.

The second image shows a person lying down (side view), leaning on one arm. This forces the rest of the body to hang on the free shoulder. Also, since the spine has some flexibility, it may be slightly bent.

At the base of the body, of course, lies the skeleton. We've already seen some of this in the stick figure system. Now we will look at the details. The human body consists of the following parts:

head (black)
ribs (blue)
spine (blue)
basin (blue)
connections (red)
hands (green)
palms (green)
legs (green)
]feet (green)

Front view

Pay attention to the spine (arms are not included as the focus is on the spine).

Body building

Armed with knowledge of the skeletal structure, we can now continue to work on the attachment of “external material”: muscle or fat. To represent these parts we will use ellipses, cylinders and other shapes.
You choose the shape that is most similar to the part you want to draw.

Can't we now continue to draw the real body? Of course we can. But, still, it is better to use stick figures so that at the initial stage you do not get distracted by extraneous details, and focus on the correct proportions, balance and pose.

Three-dimensional representation of body parts.
Red lines are connection lines.