Educational portal. Educational portal Sinquain Bazarova from Fathers and Sons

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I.S. Turgenev

Topic No. 1 Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The personality and fate of the writer.

Purpose: to give an overview of the writer’s life and creative path, to reveal the reasons for his hatred of serfdom, to talk about Turgenev’s preparation for writing the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Lesson equipment: portrait of a writer, handouts. Methodological techniques: micro-seminar, lecture with elements of conversation.

DURING THE CLASSES. 1. The teacher's word. Among the few creators to whom life “was given, opened its springs” was I.S. Turgenev, who is invariably and rightly spoken of as an amazingly sublime and harmonious artist, a soulful lyricist in Russian prose of the 20th century. Over the years, an idea has developed about Turgenev as a “bright, unbroken” writer. However, he was a man with a deeply dramatic outlook. In the memoirs of friends and contemporaries, Turgenev appears as a rather contradictory personality - sad, because he was afraid to be happy, sociable and at the same time withdrawn; his words often differed from his deeds; he had a certain amount of vanity. And he impressed with his sympathy for human troubles and his non-repulsion. “Send me a garden\For my old age” (M. Tsvetaeva). The writer’s most cherished childhood memory was the Spassky Garden, which was already old and great. This garden already meant a lot to Turgenev. HE sheltered him from the cruel domestic order, gave him peace and warmth, missing in his own home, and in solitude became a good friend. With the garden on the family estate Spassky-Lutovinovo, a deep sense of nature and a greater sense of the Motherland entered the consciousness of the future writer. Even approaching the final line, Turgenev will remember him and ask in a letter to his friend Ya. Polonsky to bow to the garden, and with it to the Motherland... Micro-seminar. Student performances. Topics of speeches: 1.Childhood. 2 Years of study. 3. Beginning of literary activity. 4. Flourishing creativity. 2. Teacher. Turgenev and Belinsky. 1842-1852. Turgenev met Belinsky at the end of 1842 in St. Petersburg. Their friendship lasted about five years, and only the death of the great critic in 1848 ended it. The great critic supported the literary endeavors of the young writer. Turgenev recalled: “He spoke so favorably of me, praised me so warmly that, I remember, I felt more embarrassment than joy.” Since then, Turgenev became a frequent guest in the critic’s small St. Petersburg apartment, where like-minded people met. Belinsky's friends became Turgenev's friends. He became close to Nekrasov, Goncharov, Grigorovich and other writers. In 1847 Turgenev went abroad. The sick Belinsky was also preparing for the trip to the water. He went abroad for the first and last time in his life. They not only met, but Turgenev became a nanny for Belinsky (Belinsky’s word). Later recalling his meetings with Belinsky, Turgenev noted that his friend was very bored abroad and was very drawn to Russia. At the end of September, Belinsky left for his homeland, leaving no hope of recovery: he had severe consumption. Turgenev did not forget about Belinsky. When Sovremennik was closed in 1861, he wrote: “My old literary heart trembled when I read about the banning of Sovremennik. I remembered its foundation, Belinsky and much more...” TURGENEV AND POLINA VIARDOT. The year 1843 remained forever memorable for Turgenev. In the fall, an Italian opera came to St. Petersburg, in which 22-year-old singer Polina Viardot-Garcia performed. She began her career almost as a child and performed with great success in European cities. Despite her youth, she managed to win recognition from the sanctuaries of the music world. Poets dedicated poems to her, everyone spoke enthusiastically about her velvet voice. Turgenev was also captivated by her talent and did not miss performances. Soon he had the opportunity to go hunting with his husband Viardot, then he met the singer. I fell in love with her for the rest of my life. And from his youth until the last days of his life, Turgenev remained faithful to this feeling, sacrificing a lot to it. 3. Work on compiling a syncwine. Recommendation-memo. A cinquain is a poem that is a synthesis of information in a laconic form6, which allows you to describe the essence of a concept. Cinquain consists of five lines: the first line states the topic or subject (one noun), the second gives a description of the subject (two adjectives or participles); in the third, consisting of three verbs, the actions of the subject are characterized; the fourth line contains a phrase, usually of four significant words, expressing the author’s attitude to the subject; in the fifth line there is a synonym that loves or expands the meaning of the topic (one word). Creation of a syncwine: Turgenev Sublime, harmonious Thinks, creates, composes “Everything worried a gentle mind” Classic. 4. Consolidation. Students write the syncwine in pairs. Working with a table. Pay special attention to Turgenev’s attitude towards serfdom; creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons". 5. Homework. Read the textbook article on the topic of creating the novel “Fathers and Sons.”

Lesson No. Theme of the lesson The novel “Fathers and Sons” is the main book of I.S. Turgenev.

The purpose of the lesson is to show the role of the novel in the 1860s, to talk about the meaning of the novel; comprehend the peculiarity of the title of the work, the composition. Methodological techniques: developing the ability to highlight the main thing in the text, determine the author’s position.

DURING THE CLASSES. 1.Checking homework. Conversation on questions: A) Talk about Turgenev’s childhood and youth impressions and how they were reflected in his work. (As a child, Turgenev was never able to fully experience what it meant to live in a family, in his parents’ home. He did not have to experience his mother’s love. He loved his father very much, but secretly: the father was rather indifferent to his son. But in his lonely childhood Turgenev drank in full the bitter cup of humiliation and fear. The atmosphere of an all-powerful mother reigned in the house. The life of a yard servant was not worth a penny for her: all gardeners were subjected to severe punishment for picking a tulip by someone. And at this time, a boy was growing up in the house, who from childhood With all my soul I opposed the “wild lordship” and never changed my anti-serfdom convictions). B) What was the reason for Turgenev’s arrest in 1852? (In 1852, Gogol died in Moscow, about whom Turgenev would write a posthumous article. It would not be published in the capital due to the ban on censorship. And then it would appear in a Moscow newspaper, as a result of which Turgenev would be arrested. However, the real reasons for the arrest were different, among them friendship with Bakunin, Herzen, anti-serfdom “Notes of a Hunter.”) Q) Name Turgenev’s novels written in the 50s. What main question does Turgenev solve in these works? D) What caused Turgenev’s break with the editors of Sovremennik? (The writer’s disagreement with Dobrolyubov’s article “When will the real day come?” regarding the novel “On the Eve.” Dobrolyubov writes that Russia also has its own Insarovs to fight. Turgenev did not agree with this interpretation because he was not a supporter of the revolution and did not share radical sentiments of the young critic. In this regard, Turgenev asks Nekrasov not to publish this article. He hesitates. Seeing this, Turgenev declares: “Choose: me or Dobrolyubov." Nekrasov chooses the side of a person ideologically close to himself and thereby predetermines Turgenev’s departure from the magazine. ) D) Talk about Turgenev’s preparation for writing a new novel, “Fathers and Sons.” 2. Recommendation-memo How to read a novel? The novel is a large, multifaceted work of art that poses acute ideological and moral problems; their solution requires depicting a broad picture of life and its movement. The novel should be read in the usual way - conscious and thoughtful reading, which should bring aesthetic pleasure. Such reading requires knowledge about the author and his work, about the time in which the work was born. Novels by Turgenev, Goncharov, Dostoevsky L. Tolstoy, created in critical years for Russia, of course, are not similar to each other. And at the same time, one can see common features in them: the action is compressed in time, which is the culmination of the main characters - deep and interesting natures - and requires them to exert all their strength. The action itself develops simply and naturally, but, as a rule, ends in disaster for the hero. 3. The meaning of the title of the novel. (In “Fathers and Sons” we are talking not only about family relationships; Bazarov has no enmity with his father, and Arkady Kirsanov, as will be shown later, is not far from Nikolai Petrovich. The matter was completely different. At that time, the concept of “senior generation" and the "younger generation" (fathers and children) had a certain political meaning. The younger generation - democrats - supporters of new advanced ideas - and under the older generation - those people who have lost their understanding of modern social tasks. Thus, the title indicated that in this work we will talk about the struggle of ideological trends and socio-political groups. 4. Work with handouts. Card "CREATION. TITLE. PLOT". Card "FEATURES OF COMPOSITION" 5. Information. It is known that the first rumors about the liberation of the peasants spread in 1857. Only two years had passed, and the peasants had already realized their human dignity, so a crowd of servants did not pour out onto the porch to meet the gentlemen." This detail is very important: you start reading the novel and immediately: "What, Peter? “Can’t you see it yet?” asked a gentleman in his early forties on May 20, 1859, going out without a hat onto the low porch of an inn on the highway. Let's stop and think: why did the author need to indicate so precisely the date of the beginning of the action in the novel? This detail allows Turgenev to immediately speak about the time of crisis. From the first pages of the novel, Turgenev strives to show the mutual rejection of the old and new generations. So, Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady: he did not immediately shake his hand. When meeting the guest, Pavel Petrovich did not shake his hand at all and even put it back in his pocket. And by the way, Bazarov noticed this. Both sides are pointedly impolite in their assessments of each other. “This hairy one?” is Pavel Kirsanov’s first review of Bazarov. Bazarov does not skimp on his characteristics, calling Pavel Petrovich an “archaic phenomenon” and Nikolai Petrovich a “retired man.” Homework. Working with text: ind. tasks.

Lesson No. Topic of the lesson: Democrat Evgeny Bazarov.

The purpose of the lesson is to reveal the image of the main character of the novel, to try to understand the “new man” of that time, to understand his character, the strengths and weaknesses of his character. Methodological techniques: working with text, discussing what has been read, lecture with elements of conversation.

DURING THE CLASSES. 1.WORK ON COMPLETING THE CARD “EVGENY BAZAROV” The class is divided into groups, each of which receives a separate task for working with the text. The tasks correspond to the “Evgeny Bazarov” card. The basis of the work is reading and analyzing the text of the novel, as well as student performances. Elements of text analysis, analysis of artistic detail used by the author, and the entire experience of students reading the novel are used. In our example, we use quoted extracts from the novel, but you can also offer to freely express your thoughts, make brief comments, referring to a scene, episode, chapter, or even critical literature. Then briefly and concisely write down this material on a card. 2. INFORMATION. The heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” have different understandings of what nihilism is: Nikolai Petrovich believes that a “nihilist” is a person “who does not recognize anything.” Pavel Petrovich - that this is a person “who does not respect anything.” Arkady says that he is a person “who approaches everything from a critical point of view.” For the writer himself, the greatest interest in the dispute between two generations was the “new man” of the 1860s - a man of nihilistic consciousness. Like Rudin, Bazarov is a homeless wanderer, striving for an unattainable goal. And isn’t this high impulse towards the unattainable romantic? Bazarov, who does not outwardly like romanticism, is undoubtedly a romantic person in his spiritual essence. Bazarov's path to his goal is “a bitter, tart, bountiful life.” This is a conscious, personal choice of the hero, which takes him out of the ranks of ordinary people, making him the chosen one. And, indeed, recognizing the end of one’s existence in such a way, as Turgenev’s Bazarov does, is not given to everyone, but only to an unusually strong personality in whom the free spirit triumphs. 3. CARD “EVGENY BAZAROV” Sequence of material Working material 1. Appearance of Bazarov A man of “tall stature in a long robe with tassels.” Nikolai Ivanovich “tightly squeezed his naked red hand.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat upward, pointed nose downward, large greenish eyes and hanging sand-colored sideburns... enlivened by a calm smile and expressing self-confidence and intelligence.” Chapter 2 2. Origin My father has “a small estate. He was formerly a regimental doctor" Chapter 5 3. Education "Every person must educate himself, well, at least like me, for example. “Tell me... were you oppressed as a child? - You see what my parents are like. The people are not strict. -Do you love them, Evgeny? -I love you, Arkady. -They love you so much! 4.Character traits, intelligence, love, habit of work, willpower “His main subject is the natural sciences. Yes, he knows everything. Next year he wants to become a doctor. Life in Maryino went on as usual: Arkady was sybaritic, Bazarov was working. He's bored without work. ..Bazarov is smart and knowledgeable” 5. Social and political views “Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles... just think how many foreign... and useless words! Russian people don’t need them for nothing” Chapter 10 4. WORK ON COMPLETING SINQWAIN. CONSOLIDATION Students in pairs make syncwines. Bazarov Smart, strong. Works, loves, denies. Without it, something is missing. Democrat. Bazarov Extraordinary, titanic. Criticizes, conflicts, enlightens. “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop.” Nihilist. 6.Homework. Develop a table: “Strengths and weaknesses of Bazarov” Prepare an expressive reading of Chapter X. Pay attention to the 4 main directions in the dispute. See handout card “EVGENY BAZAROV” (to be filled out by students while working in class)

Lesson No. Lesson topic: Disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

Purpose of the lesson: Reveal the main content of the dispute. Methodological techniques: the ability to analyze artistic detail.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON CONVERSATION ON QUESTIONS. The first direction in the dispute is about the role of the nobility. - How did the dispute itself arise? Is Bazarov right when he claims that aristocracy is a “useless principle”? - What is Pavel Petrovich’s position? Why does he take the argument in a different direction? The second direction in the dispute is nihilism - How does Pavel Petrovich understand nihilism? And Bazarov? - What is Bazarov against? - Is denial really the main goal in life for Bazarov? Why is there no positive program for Bazarov in the novel? The third direction in the dispute is the Russian people. - What do Pavel Petrovich think the Russian people are? What traits do you admire about him? What does he accuse Bazarov of? - Why does Bazarov agree with this accusation? The fourth area of ​​dispute is the attitude towards art and nature. - Why does the dispute move into this area? What do you already know about Bazarov’s attitude to art and nature? How does he justify these beliefs? RESULTS OF THE DISPUTE. EXERCISE. In the form of a plan or thesis, give a comparative description of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. See Table “COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS” 3.Homework. Write a syncwine for Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich Thoroughbred, graceful. Loitering, inactive, arguing. Its essence is form without content. Nobleman. Pavel Petrovich. Pampered, proud. He sybarizes, finds fault, rants. Romantic love is its defeat. Slacker. Individual task: message on the topic: “Love in the life of P.P. Kirsanov.” You can do the task on a card - in writing. Lesson No. Lesson topic: Love in Bazarov’s life. Lesson objectives: to show the change in the internal state of the main character after his meeting with Odintsova; reveal the wealth of the inner world of Evgeny Bazarov. Methodological techniques: analysis of an episode, lecture with elements of conversation, work with text. DURING THE CLASSES. TEACHER'S WORD. Turgenev does not draw in detail the story of Bazarov’s love for Odintsova. It is important for the writer to show the changes in Bazarov under the influence of feelings of love. Moreover, in Odintsova’s estate, Bazarov, it would seem, is also in an aristocratic world hostile to him, but he no longer has the combat readiness that he had in Maryino. It manifests dull inner restlessness, anxiety, and irritability, but they do not go outside. On the contrary, the conflict of the novel is gradually transferred from the external to the internal plane, into the soul of the hero. Checking an individual assignment - a message on the topic “Love in the life of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.” The teacher's word After verbal duels with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov has no choice but to leave Maryino, and therefore he himself invites Arkady to go to the city at the invitation of a noble relative of the Kirsanovs. Conversation on issues. -What impression does Anna Sergeevna Odintsova make on Bazarov? Reading her portrait. Chapter 14 with the words: “Arkady looked around and saw a tall woman...” Bazarov greets her appearance with the exclamation: “What kind of figure? She’s not like other women.” And although this is a cry of approval, it feels artificial and not a genuine expression of feelings. Perhaps this is an attempt to hide the true impression made by Odintsova. Indeed, the heroine immediately gives the impression of dignity and originality. Not only Arkady, but also Bazarov during his visit to her experiences timidity when communicating with her. -What impression does Bazarov make on Odintsova? (She is smart and understands that his “breaking” is not due to vulgarity: “the vulgarity alone repulsed her, but no one would blame Bazarov for vulgarity,” the author says as if from himself, while defending Bazarov. The teacher’s word. Along Arkady’s path and Bazarov in Nikolskoye, one SYVOLIC DETAIL attracts attention. The friends ride in silence, each immersed in their own thoughts. “Congratulate me,” exclaimed Bazarov, “today is June 22, the day of my angel. Let’s see how he somehow cares about me.” In the mouth of the atheist Bazarov, this phrase is ironic, BUT IT ACQUIRES A FATAL SENSE if we remember what saint was the patron saint of our hero. Turgenev gave St. Eusebius as a patron to Evgeny Bazarov not by accident, and not only because the Greek names of different roots have the same meaning, but for Turgenev there was something else important - the similarity and difference of destinies. The righteous Eusebius had to fight the kings and show cherished courage in this fight. Bazarov remembers his patron at a fateful moment in his life. Throwing an ironic challenge to him: “Let's see, somehow he’s talking about me cares,” the hero begins a dangerous game with fate. He knows that Saint Eusebius died from an accidental wound and that a woman was to blame for his death. Just as now Bazarov and Arkady, so once upon a time Eusebius and his student Marin God-pleasing visited the “evil-filled city of Dolikhina.” A hostile woman threw tiles from the roof at Eusebius, and Eusebius fell ill from this wound and died. Dying, he bequeathed to the friends who were with him not to do any harm to this woman and left the world with words of forgiveness on his lips. Bazarov, apparently, is deeply convinced that nothing like this will happen to him. But life gives him an evil lesson. Like the righteous Eusebius, Bazarov dies from an accidental cut on his finger with words of love for Odintsova. Moreover, as we will see later, this accidental cut will be deeply motivated by the mental state of the hero, wounded by unrequited love. The parallel with the life of Saint Eusebius takes on a dual meaning in the novel. On the one hand, it elevates the figure of Bazarov, casting on it a reflection of national, folk-peasant cultural traditions. On the other hand, the hero’s ironic attitude towards folk beliefs and legends threatens retribution. Expecting to be the sole and sovereign creator of his destiny, Bazarov will be faced with such abysses of life that will be beyond the control of his self-confident calculations. 4.-For what purpose is a description of the estate and way of life in Nikolskoye given at the beginning of Chapter 16? (great is the power of the age-old way of life, cultural traditions. This is a real force that cannot be ignored. -What details does Turgenev note the changes in Bazarov after meeting Odintsova? (A man is the master of his destiny, but he is also the heir of his fathers, ancestors with their habits , culture, advantages and disadvantages.) THE TEACHER’S WORD. With Odintsova’s arrival at the estate, a new circle of disputes with the aristocracy opens. Odintsova is not just an aristocrat, she is a woman with extensive life experience. “In the redistribution she was... she ate our bread,” Bazarov says about her . The heroine personifies the new generation of aristocrats, the generation of “children" - there is little class arrogance in it and there is a kind of democracy. There is a lot of Russian, national in her: majesty, restrained beauty in the manifestation of feelings. -Does Bazarov understand Odintsova? (Bazarov judges her one-sidedly , he does not see in her a living and complex person) -If Bazarov won in arguments with Pavel Petrovich, then who wins in the argument now? -Bazarov or Odintsova? (Further developments in the novel will destroy Bazarov’s one-sided view of people. Odintsova deals the first blow to Bazarov with a word. “And you believe,” she notes ironically, “that when society corrects itself, there will no longer be either stupid or evil people?” Will there be stupid or evil people in a normal society? This is a very difficult question and has been a stumbling block to many teachings. It seems to Bazarov that in the new conditions this question will lose all meaning. Odintsova, having doubts, ironically declares: “Yes, I understand, everyone will have the same spleen.” Bazarov can only snap back: “Exactly so, madam.” The dispute reached a dead end. In essence, his topic has been exhausted, and Bazarov cannot help but feel wounded. The tension subsides. And then the evening comes, ending with Bazarov losing at cards. And there is no need to joke about this. Because Bazarov’s loss is deeply psychologically motivated. The hero is internally depressed and embarrassed, although he doesn’t show it; the whole day spent at Odintsova’s estate turned into a difficult test for him. Defeat in an argument, loss at cards, the music of the despised Mozart - everything in this episode is a harbinger of the tragic dangers that await the nihilist. - What is the role of artistic details in the psychological analysis of the hero? (Everything that happens to him now was previously contemptuously rejected, considered “romanticism”, “nonsense”, “unforgivable nonsense”. If you like a woman,” he said, “try to make sense; but you can’t... _ turn away, the earth is not a wedge "It was not possible to "get any sense" with Odintsova, and he could not turn away from her, he did not have the strength, to his amazement. 5. Work with the article "THE TEST OF LOVE" chapters 14-19. 6. Homework. Re-read chapters 4-7 and 10. Write a syncwine about Odintsova. Odintsova. Strange, beautiful. Reads, thinks, interests. Gives the impression of dignity, originality. Odintsova’s personality. Mysterious, proud. Reflects, flirts, controls. “What kind of figure is this?” Mistress. Nikolai Petrovich . Gray-haired, strong. He manages, educates, loves. His inner strength is harmony. Intellectual. Arkady. Neat, neat. Sybaritic, imitates, argues. This is a “tender soul, vulnerable” Master. Arkady. Weak, kind. Resting, dressing, studies and remains a gentleman for the peasants. Landowner. Lesson No. Topic of the lesson: Images of the Kirsanov nobles. Purpose of the lesson: To reveal the images of the Kirsanov brothers, to show the significance of these heroes in revealing the image of Bazarov. DURING THE CLASSES. 1. The life story of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. 2. Love in the life of Pavel Petrovich. 3. The life line of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 4. Comparative characteristics of the Kirsanov brothers Word of the teacher. At first his life was very successful. He studied in the page corps, at the age of 28 he was already a captain, and a brilliant career awaited him in the future. His life was broken by his unrequited love for Princess R. A) Student’s speech. Teacher. In chapter 7 of the novel, Turgenev tells the story of the life and love of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Moreover, in order to do this, the writer interrupts the flow of the narrative. This is Turgenev’s sign of special distinction, which not all heroes are awarded. It’s interesting that we will never know Bazarov’s story. We know his parents, but we don’t know how he was brought up, how he lived in St. Petersburg. And, of course, this is not accidental. Bazarov is a “new” person; when talking about him, the author himself seemed to be taking a closer look at him, studying him. But the author knows everything about Pavel Petrovich. According to the logic of the narrative, the story should be led by Arkady, who wants to introduce Bazarov to his uncle’s life, but the author takes the floor himself. In life, in the inner world of the elder Kirsanov, there are many such subtle and complex shades, the story of which would be beyond the power of Arkady. First of all, this applies to the love story for Princess R. The story about her consists of psychological antitheses: she joked, danced until she dropped, and at night she prayed and cried. In a word, this is a mystery and an exciting riddle that threatens disaster to anyone who dares to solve it. In the state of P.P. during the period of his infatuation with Princess R. the features of excess are emphasized6 “he was tormented, jealous, almost went crazy.” Long before the events in the novel began, the soul of P.P. was dead: after the death of the princess, “having lost his past, he lost everything.” It is clear that Princess R. is a socialite. And the price for unraveling her secret is life. No wonder after the affair with Princess P.P. lost the desire to live, turned into a living dead And could no longer get back into the old rut. So the hero’s exquisite costume does not indicate a superficial adherence to fashion, but that he has transformed from a self-confident socialite into a man for whom everything is in the past. 2. In Chapter 1, the author tells in detail the biography of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. Why such questionnaire accuracy? The whole point is that the biography of this character is the PUBLIC BIOGRAPHY OF THE “FATHERS”. He is a child of his time. It is no coincidence that Turgenev writes: “This is me, Ogarev and thousands of others.” What is interesting about this biography? And there are no independent actions in it. (except for the hero’s marriage to the daughter of the owner of the apartment). The hero's life changed only due to external reasons (a broken leg, the death of his wife) - he is not capable of any decisive action. With a few strokes, Turgenev emphasizes the weakness and lethargy of N.P., a “gray-haired, plump and slightly hunched” landowner in his forties. -Exercise. Compile a dictionary of the language and style of speech of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov according to the following plan: - the use of pretentious words and expressions; - Abundance of foreign words and terms; - techniques of speech irony. -Exercise. Make a comparative description of the Kirsanov brothers. 5. Homework. Draw up a diagram of supporting provisions on the topic. The graphic design of the scheme should be non-standard, easy, and memorable. Nikolai Petrovich. Quiet, meek. He doesn’t argue, doesn’t get embittered, doesn’t get discouraged. He is a real opponent of nihilism.

Lesson No. Lesson topic: Analysis of the episode “The Death of Bazarov.” Analysis of chapter 27. To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat... a person who knows how to die calmly and firmly will not retreat in the face of an obstacle and will not cower in the face of danger. D. Pisarev

During the classes. 1.Working with text. Analysis of chapter 27 of the novel. CONVERSATION ON QUESTIONS. - For what purpose does Bazarov come to Nikolskoye for the last time? Chapter 25 Analysis of the date scene with Anna Sergeevna. Bazarov's last meeting with Odintsova leaves a complex impression. It is clear that Bazarov still deeply loves Odintsova, and it is clear that he still despises himself for this love. Even now he is doing everything to completely kill the possibility of reciprocal feelings. He is in too much of a hurry to reassure Odintsova that he has long come to his senses that love is a feigned feeling. But obviously false notes are allowed in this. ““... At first we interested each other, curiosity was aroused,” says Odintsova, “and then...” “And then I ran out of steam,” Bazarov picked up. You know that this was not the reason for our disagreement,” Odintsova reasonably corrects him No, Bazarov, of course, is not exhausted, his proud attempts to assure Odintsova of this with their very insistence betray something exactly the opposite. He loves Anna Sergeevna, is jealous, noticing in her a feeling of heartfelt sympathy for Arkady. He had to make an effort on himself so as not to gloat at the moment when Odintsova told him about Arkady's love for Katya. 2. THE TEACHER'S WORD. The second circle of the hero's life's wanderings is accompanied by the last decisive breaks. Ties with the Kirsanov family, with Fenechka, whose infatuation did not help Bazarov to drown out the romantic feeling of love, are forever broken. Bazarov says goodbye forever to Arkady, who is leaving him, and the next meeting with Odintsova does not bring him any relief.Bazarov's whole life is a challenge to the foundations of the noble, autocratic-serf system. In his denials, new, growing, socially progressive forces make their way. But these forces cannot yet change the existing order. A tragic conflict arises between a historically necessary requirement and the practical impossibility of its implementation. However, in the death of Bazarov, the category of “TRAGIC GUILT”, known since the times of ancient tragedy, finds direct expression. Challenging the obsolete order of life, the hero, in a fit of class hatred, goes too far. For him, the denial of “your art” develops into the denial of all art, the denial of your love into the assertion that love is a feigned feeling. Bazarov challenges the enduring values ​​of culture and history. And this is the source of his tragic mistakes, which intensify his own suffering and accelerate his premature death. 3. How does Bazarov explain the reason for his visit to his parents? - How do his parents behave with him? INFORMATION. In the face of death, the supports that once supported Bazarov's self-confidence turned out to be weak: medicine and natural sciences, having discovered their powerlessness, retreated, leaving Bazarov alone with himself and with a feeling of the inevitability of the end. Then the forces that were once denied by him and stored at the bottom of his soul come to the aid of the hero. The dying Bazarov is simple and humane: there is no longer any need to hide his “romanticism,” and now the hero’s soul is freed from the dams, seething and foaming like a deep river. Bazarov dies amazingly, like a true national hero, just as Turgenev’s Russian people died in “Notes of a Hunter.” He now thinks a lot not about himself, but about his parents, preparing them for his death. He does not immediately announce what happened and tries to soften the blow, citing insignificant reasons. And only when it is already pointless to be cunning, Bazarov, with stern tenderness and a broken voice, says to his beloved father: “Old man... my business is crappy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.” TEXT ANALYSIS. Reading individual episodes Love for a woman, filial love for his father and mother merge in the consciousness of the dying Bazarov with love for his homeland, for the mystery of Russia, which remains an incompletely solved mystery for Bazarov. PISAREV ABOUT THE DEATH OF BAZAROV. Having studied the character of Bazarov, the author sees that for him there is neither activity nor happiness. HE lives as a bastard and will die as a bastard. But he will die like a hero who has nowhere to turn, nothing to breathe, nowhere to put his gigantic strength, no one to love with strong love. The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov... If he had chickened out, if he had betrayed himself, his whole character would have been illuminated differently: an empty braggart would have appeared and then the novel would have turned out to be a slander against the younger generation. But I. S. Turgenev is an honest person. A sincere artist, he could not lie. Bazarov did not make a mistake, and the meaning of the novel is this: now young people get carried away and go to extremes, but the hobbies themselves reveal fresh strength and an incorruptible mind. Bazarov dies from infection while dissecting the corpse of a typhoid patient. Having cut his finger, he could not immediately cauterize the wound with lapis or iron. And only 4 hours later he treated his father’s wound, not hiding from himself or his father the futility of this measure. Two days pass. Bazarov strengthens himself and does not go to bed, but the fever and chills are getting stronger, he loses his appetite, and experiences a severe headache. Homework. Prepare for your essay.

References: 1. Aizerman L. Roman I. S. Turgeneva “Fathers and Sons” in literature lessons / L. Aizerman // Literature at school. - 2007. - N 8. - P. 25-32. (The fate of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” in a modern school)

2. Vlashchenko V.I. The image of Bazarov and the author’s position in the novel “Fathers and Sons” / V.I. Vlashchenko // Literature at school. - 2012. - N 7. - P. 7-13. (Sequential analysis of the novel from the first chapters to the epilogue: how the main character and the author’s attitude towards him changes. The main reasons for Bazarov’s tragedy)

3. Klenitskaya I. Ya. Reading the novel “Fathers and Sons”: Grade X / I. Ya. Klenitskaya // Literature at school. - 2009. - N 11. - P. 28-30. (Analysis of some episodes of the novel: the image of the main character, the meaning of the final scene)

4. Truntseva T. N. The finale of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”: X grade / T. N. Truntseva // Literature at school. - 2009. - N 2. - P. 31-34. (Development of text analysis skills)

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Egorova L.T., teacher of the highest category, secondary school No. 5 named after. BUT. Krivoshapkina, Yakutsk

Lesson - reflection

The mystery of Bazarov's image and his nihilism

Goal: to comprehend the ambiguity of the image of Bazarov, to bring students to the conclusion that a person’s worldview and principles model his destiny.

Educational objectives:

1. Analyze the image of Bazarov;

2. Find out the reasons for his contradictions in character and actions;

3. Introduce the statements of critics about the essence of nihilism and about the hero of the work himself.

Developmental tasks:

improve the ability to apply knowledge to analyze and comprehend the problem posed in the lesson; compare and summarize the received material; to develop the skills of an independent critical approach in the interpretation of the image.

Educational tasks:

show that a person’s worldview models his destiny.

I never reveal my secrets myself, but I really love them to be guessed...

M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”

This remarkable man embodied - to my eyes - a barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression this personality made on me was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear.

I. S. Turgenev.

I. 1. Org. moment. Target setting.

We continue our study of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” and will talk about the main character E. Bazarov. Let's try to figure it out and understand his character and worldview.

2. Pay attention to the epigraphs for the lesson. What is their main idea?

It expresses the idea that the image created by the author does not fully determine his attitude towards the hero; he emphasizes the fact that the hero embodied “a barely born, still fermenting principle” - this phenomenon is nihilism, which is reflected in the image of Bazarov and makes it difficult to understand.

3. Try to formulate the topic of the lesson?

Writing on the board and in a notebook: the mystery of Bazarov’s image and his nihilism.

II. So, before us is an unclear, complex hero, a “strange man” E. Bazarov.

In the writer’s arsenal there are always many techniques for depicting character, by which we can identify the author’s attitude towards the hero, but only we, the readers, can appreciate the character. Each of you has formed your own vision of E. Bazarov (without resorting to a deep and extensive analysis, we will try to identify the subjective impression of students).

1. Write it down characteristic-association (this can be not only epithets, but also verb phrases, an assessment of the qualities of the hero).

Sinkwine

Acrostic (state the most interesting characteristics).

Write down the most interesting thoughts in your notebook, and the general thoughts on sheets of paper.

III. 1. Starting to work on the image, Turgenev also schematically outlined the main character traits of the hero: “Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and little, hard-working. Lives small; He doesn’t want to be a doctor, he’s waiting for an opportunity. - knows how to speak with people, although in his heart he despises them. He doesn’t have and doesn’t recognize an artistic element... he knows quite a lot - he’s energetic, he can please people with his swagger.”

Each of you noted the ambiguity, mystery of the hero, his nihilism (one of his qualities is that he denies authority).

Nihilism – complete denial of everything, complete skepticism.

Nihilist - in the 60s: a free-thinking person, an intellectual - a commoner, who had a harsh attitude towards bourgeois-democratic traditions and customs. A person who has a sharply negative, skeptical attitude towards everything.

It is interesting to answer that different sources give their own version of the origin of the term. With the advent of democrats - commoners, this concept began to be inextricably linked with them (some scolded, others praised).

How do the heroes of the novel define this term? (students find statements from the heroes of the novel in the text).

P.P. - “This is a person who does not respect anything and who has no principles.”

E. Bazarov - “The nihilist acts deliberately: the main principle of his activity is public benefit.”

Arkady is “a person who approaches everything from a critical point of view.”

Is Turgenev right in calling Bazarov a nihilist?

Isn't Bazarov flawed in his denial?

2. To understand this, let’s conduct an experiment: each of you will write down in two columns what he accepts in the character of the hero, his actions and views, and what he does not

(in groups, students read their notes, note what coincides; add other interesting thoughts of their comrades to the notebook; as they are voiced, a note is made on the board).

Conclusions:

Turgenev’s commoner, self-confident and harsh in his judgments, is very difficult to look at. There is a certain duality and ambiguity in his behavior and views that attract the reader and allow him to argue with him. Even among us there was not a person who recklessly accepted his beliefs and views. It is obvious that this duality and ambiguity is introduced by nihilism, which is Bazarov’s worldview.

IV. Does Bazarov's nihilism have a beneficial beginning or a direction dangerous for the individual and society? (on the tables there are sheets with critics’ statements).

Below are some answers to these questions. Whose point of view do you think is more fair? (discuss in group and speak).

Conclusion:.

As we see, in order to answer this question, we again returned to the concept of nihilism as a social phenomenon that arose in the 60s and is a kind of “religion” of the younger generation. And critics note both the positive beginning of this phenomenon and its destructive power. From the point of view of commoner democrats, nihilistic views were considered revolutionary.

Do you think a person’s fate depends on his beliefs? Can they destroy a person, destroy his life or, conversely, make him happy?

The hero’s beliefs, which he consistently puts into practice, model his fate. Bazarov is a strong, integral personality, but even he is despondent and depressed by the mere thought that the theory is wrong. Turgenev reflected in the novel not only the phenomenon of nihilism, but also its weak side. A person who has his own convictions is a strong person. The stage of growing up is very important for each of us, and living your life with dignity, preserving your healthy roots, passing on wise life principles to your children is the task of every person.

V The nihilism preached by the hero introduces a certain duality into Bazarov’s character and actions, and many critics note contradictions that do not allow one to immediately unravel the character and his image.

Read excerpts and fragments of thoughts about Bazarov. Formulate and write down the questions that arise when comparing them. (Students write down questions and read them to the group and then to the class.)

Why do so many questions arise?

Conclusion:

Because this hero is very contradictory, mysterious, he is not clear even to the author himself. This is a new hero of the time, born by him, standing on the threshold of the future. Bazarov is an ambiguous person, you can love him or hate him, but he does not leave anyone indifferent. At the same time, Bazarov is a tragic figure; he is tormented by internal contradictions. His theory fails because life itself argues with him; on the pages of the novel he has no true associates and followers. The era of the 60s gave rise to a disharmonious personality type, unpredictable and built on internal conflict, so it is impossible to unambiguously determine the attitude of critics and Turgenev towards the hero of the novel.

Any idea is tested by life, tested by it, and most often it destroys the calculation and logic of any theory, no matter how correct it may be. By denying nature, you deny yourself, your life as part of human nature.

VI. What did we try to figure out in class today? (in the character of E. Bazarov, his views, in his theory, which turns out to be flawed and leaves a trace of tragedy on the fate of the hero). So what is the mystery of the image? (students give an answer to the question).

Can we say that we have completely unraveled the image of Bazarov and understood his character?

VII. Write down one question that you would ask Bazarov. (questions written down by students should be reviewed in the next lesson).

A person who does not have a positive program is deprived of a future, he does not have like-minded people, and he does not need them. The duality present in Bazarov's character leads to a breakdown and breakdown in the finale of the novel. Life itself comes into conflict with the hero’s views and opposes him with love. Who passed this test? Solving this question is the task of the next lesson.

Homework : write down quotes that explain the characters’ attitude to love and its place in a person’s life (N.P., P.P., Arkady Kirsanov, Bazarov, Odintsova, etc.). The love story of Bazarov and Odintsova.

Materials for the lesson

Task No. 11

Is Bazarov sincere in his denial of the life around him?

What was Bazarov’s nihilism: a beneficial beginning or a direction dangerous for the individual and for society?

Below are some answers to these questions. Whose point of view do you think is more fair?

"Nihilism does not transform anything in nothing, but reveals that nothing is taken for anything, - an optical illusion and that all truth, no matter how much it contradicts fantastic ideas, is healthier than them and in any case is obligatory.

But he did not introduce new principles, principles».

A. I. Herzen. Once again Bazarov. 1869

“Nihilism has left its stamp on the entire life of the intelligent class, and this stamp will not soon be erased. First of all, nihilism declared war on the so-called conventional lies of cultural life. His distinguishing feature was absolute sincerity. And in its name, nihilism itself renounced and demanded that others do the same - from superstitions, prejudices, habits and customs, the existence of which reason could not

justify."

P. A. Kropotkin . Notes of a revolutionary. 1906

“In the same year of 1859, to which the action of the novel is dated, a work of art appeared in which a large and significant part of what Bazarov denies was subjected to another - purely artistic - negation: Goncharov reduced old, moribund, sleeping, lazily dreaming Russia to Oblomovism in essence, Bazarov with his whole being denies nothing more than all-Russian Oblomovism - in all its forms and manifestations.

This gives us the opportunity to grasp the positive, ideological side of Bazarov’s negation. It turns out to be not at all as unprincipled as it seemed, for example, to Herzen.” ...He rebels not against ideas, but against words, and it is the all-Russian Oblomovism that makes them sad. The “idea” of Bazarov’s “nihilism,” which seems unprincipled, is this: “Russian man” first of all needs work, knowledge, energy, criticism and the denial of all old prejudices, stereotyped concepts; he needs to suppress apathy, laziness, lack of will, and to recover from Oblomovism. This is “the next task” (“at the present time,” he says, “denial is most useful”). Bazarov does not at all preach denial for the sake of denial. He is guided by the criterion of benefit, namely benefit for the “Russian person.”

D. I. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky. Bazarov as a denier and as a socio-psychological and national type. 1907

“Undoubtedly, Bazarov’s nihilism and the negative direction of his mind also concealed the danger of discouragement and even a cynical perception and attitude towards life. Turgenev astutely noted in Bazarov not only what constituted his strength, but also what threatened him. In its one-sided development, Bazarov’s nihilism could degenerate into extremes and lead to spiritual loneliness and complete dissatisfaction with life.”

S. M. Petrov. I. S. Turgenev. 1979

Task No. 21

How do you understand the meaning of the following judgment: “Bazarov is always at the beginning, always on the threshold of the future”?

Y. Mann. Bazarov and others. 1985

“Arkady’s dreams of a “white hut” in which the Russian peasant will eventually live are met by Bazarov with a sharply cooling tone: “Well, what next?” This question is the whole essence of Bazarov’s tragedy. Bazarov cannot be satisfied not only with the contemporary “surrounding” reality, but also with any “formula of the future” if it does not go further than the “white hut”... Bazarov could only accept some kind of radical social transformation, the content and ways of which he speaks in passing (for example: “Correct society, and there will be no diseases”).”

K. Tyunkin. Bazarov through the eyes of Dostoevsky. 1971

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction - because it still stands on the threshold of the future...”

From a letterTurgenev K. K. Sluchevsky

Task No. 22

Why did Bazarov try to get closer to Arkady Kirsanov? Did this reveal his need for a living connection with people or the desire to have a like-minded person (remember what he said about Sitnikov: “I even need boobies”)?

What are the reasons for Bazarov’s loneliness: in the real historical and social conditions of his life or are they contained mainly in himself?

A. I. Batyuto. On the question of the concept of “Fathers and Sons”. 1968

“Summarizing everything that was experienced during his acquaintance with Arkady, he had to answer - at least only to himself: why did he become close to him? An incorrigible romantic, who felt not entirely comfortable in the logical dungeon of nihilism, was looking for a friend, that is, a living connection with people? Or was the nihilist looking for a disciple? Saying goodbye to Arkady forever, he said goodbye to the failed nihilist and at the same time to the very thought of getting closer to other people.”

M. Eremin. Bazarov: death at a crossroads. 1992

“Obviously, the absence of visible like-minded people is not a coincidence and a completely responsible feature of the construction of the novel. The only indication of the existence of the hero’s like-minded people, apparently, should remain only Bazarov’s “we”.

Moreover, it sounds quite peculiar - without the slightest hint of a living interhuman connection. Bazarov never thinks about his invisible like-minded people and does not worry about them. There is no way to feel that these people are close to Bazarov, that he needs to communicate with them. It seems that he simply takes into account their existence, nothing more. The reader has the right to assume that there are indeed many people like Bazarov. But each of them can only be imagined by analogy with Bazarov himself - a social “bean” who independently chose his life program, perceives the task of remaking the world as his own goal and simply takes into account the existence of his own kind. Such people do not, cannot form anything like a collective - a stable, viable unity, connected from within not just by sameness, but also by the community of those who make it up. This is the fundamental difference between Bazarov and the heroes of “What is to be done?”

V. M. Markovich. Man in the novels of I. S. Turgenev. 1975

Task No. 23

“...What an unusual, complex phenomenon he is! On the one hand, the idea of ​​business organizes the most important centers of Bazarov’s psyche. Bazarov rolls up his sleeves, prepares for a fight, for a fight. He rejects poetry and “art” for the same reasons; you can’t get a tangible effect from them, they are useless. But in other way...

Turgenev notes that people of the quixotic type live “outside themselves, for others,” they are selfless to the point of forgetting their own interests and personality. For Bazarov, the question of whether others are worthy of the effort he expends is not idle, and doubt stirs in him with pain: is it still worth going out of his way for the sake of some Philip or Sidor, who will not even say thank you? Doubts about the correctness of the chosen means are common Hamlet, not Don Quixote Bazarov, like Hamlet, will probably not shy away from a battle with the giants, but before that he will think more than once whether these are really giants in front of him, and not windmills, and whether he really has a weapon in his hands, and not a cardboard sword

If you like, this is a Hamletizing Don Quixote - an unusual combination and, in the old sense, abnormal.”

Y. Mann. Bazarov and others. 1985

A. E. Gruzinsky. I. S. Turgenev. Personality and creativity. 1918

Did I want to scold Bazarov or praise him? I don’t know this myself, because I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!

I.S. Turgenev - A.A. Fetu, April 1862

I’m not surprised, however, that Bazarov remained a mystery to many; I myself can’t really imagine how I wrote it.

I.S. Turgenev - M.E. Saltykov - Shchedrin, January 1876

In general, what emerges is not a character, not a living personality, but a caricature with a tiny head and a giant mouth, with a small face and a big nose, and, moreover, the most malicious caricature. The author is so angry with his hero that he does not want to forgive him and reconcile with him even before his death...

M.A. Antonovich. "Asmodeus of Our Time"

Bazarov is the first strong person, the first integral character, who appeared in Russian literature from the environment of the so-called educated society...

Bazarov dies a perfect hero, and his death makes an amazing impression, until the very end, until the last flash of consciousness, he does not betray himself, not even a single word...

He is broken, but not defeated.

N.N. Strakh. “Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons""

Bazarov's death... should, in my opinion, put the last line on his tragic figure.

If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness - if he does not love him, I repeat, I am guilty and have not achieved my goal...

I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, sick, honest figure - and yet doomed to destruction, because she still stands on the threshold of the future...

I.S. Turgenev - K. Sluchevsky

With the exception of Bazarov's views on art, I share almost all of his beliefs...

I.S. Turgenev. “About “Fathers and Sons””

“... Bazarov is always at the beginning, always on the threshold of the future.” To understand Bazarov’s tragedy, one must remember that he is a maximalist, that he would be satisfied with the resolution of human issues in some ideal, final sense, everything would be settled immediately and completely. Immediately and completely - this means nowhere and never. However, one can approach works that make maximalist demands in different ways; You can brush them aside, or you can see in them an example for eternal imitation.”

“Yes, Bazarov is terribly lonely, but this loneliness is forced, generated not by personal whim, but by real socio-historical and social conditions, but which Turgenev indicates quite clearly both in the novel itself and in numerous polemical explanations “about”.”

A. I. Batyuto. On the question of the concept of “Fathers and Sons”. 1968

Which assessment of Bazarov, in your opinion, is more fair: “the Hamletizing Don Quixote” or the rationalist “to the tips of his fingers”?

“...What an unusual, complex phenomenon he is! On the one hand, the idea of ​​business organizes the most important centers of Bazarov’s psyche. Bazarov rolls up his sleeves, prepares for a fight, for a fight. He rejects poetry and “art” for the same reasons; you can’t get a tangible effect from them, they are useless. But in other way...

Y. Mann. Bazarov and others. 1985

“...Bazarov was endowed by Turgenev with a number of other features that made him a complex and living personality; he is a far from consistent nihilist; in his soul a fair amount of that same “romanticism” remains in his soul, against which he so fiercely advocates; consciousness of this sometimes casts a slight shadow of Hamletism on him, his “gloomy, evil, but honest figure” is softened by an element of simple human suffering, at moments even a magical ray of poetry falls on it.”

A. E. Gruzinsky. I. S. Turgenev. Personality and creativity. 1918

Application

Students' answers in class.

Is Bazarov's nihilism damaged?

I think that Bazarov's nihilism is flawed, since it does not have a clear progressive program and, therefore, there is no final positive goal. He says, “It’s time to deny, we deny.” Denial is based on destruction. Everything is sacrificed for immediate practical benefit. Therefore, poetry and art are only idealism and romanticism, since they do not bring material benefits. Love is only a physiological attraction, nature is a workshop, and all people are the same, like trees in a forest.

The inconsistency, the inferiority is that love, nature, art are not just lofty words. These are the concepts that underlie morality; the view on them has been formed for a long time - you cannot expect only material things from them. You may not like Pushkin or any artist, but to deny them on the grounds that you do not understand them is stupid.

We cannot reject the legacy of the past, because starting from scratch is difficult. “Children” take over from their “fathers” the entire spiritual experience of humanity. Of course, they should not blindly copy them, but need to creatively rethink everything. If you rush to conclusions and statements, then a lot will be lost in a hurry, and then it will be difficult to fill these gaps.

E natural sciences are his calling,

IN only cares about practice

G medicine.

E go concept –

N igilism

AND disbelief in any way

Y from others

Krostich:

B fights for his point of view.

A Doesn't trust aristocrats.

Z his knowledge is numerous, but

A there are no secondaries.

R Reason prevails over emotions.

ABOUT triples everything and always.

IN He only cares about practice.

B rebellious against everyone and everything,

A also does not recognize art,

Z who knows a lot, but does not believe in

A Secondaries.

R judgmental,

ABOUT condemned to loneliness.

IN thrown to the margins of life

Sinkwine:

1. Nihilist

Discretion, disbelief

What a tragic fate!

Negation.

2. Evgeniy

Reasonable, ironic.

He studies, refutes, protests.

Sad end.

Nihilist.

3. Bazarov.

Believing only in practice, putting reason above feelings.

It amazes, criticizes, questions everything.

Surprisingly complete in his denial.

A loner rebel.

4. Bazarov.

Empiricist, active person.

Explores, denies, rebels.

This is a man of new times.

Sections: Literature

Goals:

1. Get acquainted with the concept of “nihilism”.
2. Compare the concept of “nihilism” and Bazarov’s views.
3. Development of comparison skills, critical thinking, creative writing
4. Introduce students into the learning process.
5. Create an atmosphere of openness, goodwill, co-creation in communication, and develop the ability to defend your position.
6. Include the child’s emotional sphere, appeal to his feelings, awaken everyone’s interest in studying this work.

Equipment:

1. novel text
2. table “Bazarov’s views (the table is filled out by students in previous lessons)
3. presentation for the lesson.
4. computer, projector.
5. stone, grain, sprouts of sprouted wheat or other grains, mirror.

Lesson structure

1. Opening speech by the Master. (Building relationships with the class)
2. "Induction".
3. “Gap.”
4. “Self-construction.”
5. “Socioconstruction”.
6. “Advertising.”
7. "Reflection".

Work during the workshop is carried out in groups.

Progress of the lesson

1. Establishing relationships with the class.

Teacher: Today we have not an ordinary lesson, but a Workshop. Our work may not be very easy, but I hope it will be interesting.

Let's simulate a situation: you ask me for something, and I answer you: “no.” Why am I doing this? (students’ answers: “the teacher wants it that way; due to certain rules and principles that the teacher adheres to”). I answer this way due to certain rules and principles that guide me. So today we will look at the rules and principles of Yevgeny Bazarov, the main character of I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” And the topic of today’s workshop is “Bazarov – a nihilist!?” Please note that at the end of the phrase there is not one sign, but two; that is, we have to decide for everyone what kind of nihilism Bazarov was?

2. Induction.

A) . Construction of the tree concept of the word NIHILISM.

Teacher: Who did Bazarov consider himself to be?

Student response: a nihilist, considered himself a nihilist, which he directly says to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

Teacher: Let's consider the tree concept of this word. Here are four definitions of this word from different sources. Read and underline in each word or phrase that you think is most important in these definitions. Discuss your work results in a group.

Nihilism is...

• (from the Latin nihil - nothing) denial of generally accepted values: ideals, moral norms, forms of social life. (Large encyclopedic dictionary)
• “an ugly and immoral teaching that rejects everything that cannot be touched” (V. Dahl’s Explanatory Dictionary)
• “naked denial of everything, logically unjustified skepticism” (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language)
• “a philosophy of skepticism that arose in Russia in the 19th century at the beginning of the reign of Alexander!... the term was previously applied to certain heresies in the Middle Ages. In Russian literature, the term nihilism was first used by N. Nadezhdin in an article in “Bulletin of Europe”... Nadezhdin equated nihilism with skepticism” (M. Katkov)

Reading and explanation of underlined words and phrases.

Teacher: Let's try to combine them. What will we get from this?

B) Construction of associative series for the concept of nihilism. (Slide 3. Annex 1.)

Teacher: The central concept of our workshop is nihilism. Let's try to find associations for it. What natural phenomenon, sound, color do you associate this concept with and why?

Students write down their associations, name them, and the teacher writes them on the board.

(Natural phenomena: storm, wind, blizzard, hurricane - all these natural phenomena destroy and destroy, so Bazarov in his theory says that it is necessary to destroy everything, and others will build.

Sounds: grinding, creaking, thunder.

Color: black, gray, cherry).

Teacher: Now let’s try to find associations for the image of Bazarov.

Reading and explaining associations. Students complete their notes. In parallel, associative series are written on the board.

(Bazarov - stone, abyss, flying bird.)

C) Working with the table “Bazarov’s Views” (the table was compiled in previous lessons).

Teacher: Open the table “Views of Bazarov, which we compiled in the previous lesson, look at all the views of Evgeny Bazarov and answer the question, is the author right in classifying Bazarov as a nihilist?

Student answers.

Teacher: In the same table, opposite each opinion and position of the hero, mark your position with signs:

• + agree with the author’s position
• - I do not agree with the author’s opinion
• ! I admire the author's thoughts
• ? I don't understand the author.

Students make notes in the table and discuss what they have marked in the group. Voice their point of view.

(At this stage of the lesson, a small dispute may arise between the students, since the position and point of view on Bazarov’s views is different among the students. Almost all the guys disagreed with the denial of the hero of love and art. The students gave their arguments to prove their position. Main of which “The denial of love and art contradicts the development of all human life, the relationships of people, since the basis of life is the love of people for each other.”)

Teacher: Bazarov is a nihilist, a person who does not bow to any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectful this principle may be. But, like every theory, nihilism has its “pros” and “cons.”

Assignment for students: try to classify the strengths and weaknesses of nihilism as a theory into two columns and explain your position.

(At this stage of the workshop, generalizations and conclusions are made by students regarding Bazarov’s entire theory. Students note the following weaknesses: nihilism leads to the destruction of the world; it is impossible to deny everything and everyone, etc. The guys highlight strengths: nihilism, like any other belief system , has a right to exist; it was a new direction in the social views of Russia in the 19th century, etc.)

Teacher: Of course, it is impossible to unequivocally assess Bazarov’s nihilism. When considering Bazarov's views, many questions arise. What question would you ask the hero?

Students write down, discuss the questions, then speak out.

3. Conflict.

Teacher: I have several objects in my hands: a stone and sprouted grains of wheat. (The teacher crushes grain sprouts with a stone) In these objects and actions, in my opinion, Bazarov’s entire worldview lies. If we add a mirror to these objects, we will see the whole essence of Bazarov’s nihilism, and the problems of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” Try to explain my choices and actions regarding Bazarov’s worldview and the entire novel as a whole.

( Students are given the diagram “The creative concept of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”” Slide 6 to help. Annex 1)

Here is how students explained the use of objects and the actions performed with them:

• The stone is Bazarov himself, who with his theory of nihilism destroys his life (wheat sprouts), but not all the grain is crushed, which means that his theory gives new sprouts in the social life of society. The mirror is a reflection of the hero’s entire life; having gone through the trials set before him by life and love, at the end of the novel he is completely different, renewed.
• The stone is Bazarov's nihilism, which is broken by life and love (grains and sprouts), the mirror is a reflection in the novel of the era of the 60s of the 19th century.
• The stone is the “fathers” in the novel who are trying to crush the new and progressive direction of “nihilism”; these are the old principles of the fathers, which seemed to them unshakable and solid, like a stone rock. The grain sprouts are the nihilism of the hero who crashed, but not his entire theory, but only its individual provisions about human love. A mirror is reflection and refraction, changes in the characters in the novel. We look in the mirror, we want to see one thing, but as a result - a completely different reflection of reality.

4. Writing a syncwine NIHILISM. (Slide 7. Annex 1)

(Using this technique allows the teacher to check the level of understanding of the material being studied.)

Reading syncwines.

Examples of syncwines written by students.

Nihilism.
Denying, rejecting, low.
Denies, destroys, cripples souls.
How will a person with nihilism live?
This is a utopia.

Nihilism.
Contradictory, breaking, testing.
Rejects, tests, verifies.
And this is called nihilism?
Stone.

5. Socioconstruction. The teacher writes down the topic of the workshop on the board and the students in their notebooks. “Is Bazarov a nihilist?!”

Teacher: try to write a mini-essay using the workshop topic for the title, and everyone decides for themselves what sign to put at the end of the phrase.

Essay writing.

6. Advertising.

Students read their work aloud.

7. Reflection.

Teacher: Answer the questions: what did you do today, what tasks did you like and why?

(Students' answers).

The final word of the teacher, who sums up the lesson, speaks about the role of self-determination of life position.

An example of a mini-essay written in class.

Is Bazarov a nihilist?

Is Bazarov a nihilist? At the end of this phrase I put a question mark. From the very beginning he denied everything, and even such a bright feeling as love. Evgeny Bazarov meets Odintsova. He loved her dearly. He fell in love and violated his principles, and then can one say that he is a nihilist? The hero finds himself in a very difficult situation, but you can’t order your heart.
At first Bazarov denied everything,
Didn't believe it, didn't admit it.
There was one against all, like a hunted animal,
He never realized the losses.

Alimova Meruet.

I. ImplementationD/Z.

1. Sinkwine "Bazarova's Love".

And this is my syncwine. Is something repeating here? ( slide 2)

II. Teacher's word.

Starting from chapter 21, the novel “Fathers and Sons” completely repeats the cycle of Bazarov’s wanderings: Maryino, Nikolskoye, the village of the Bazarovs. ( slide 3) My family asked you to follow this path again.

Why does Turgenev show this second circle, is it by chance? Is it the same Bazarov in the second circle or another, changed one? ( First, his superiority over everyone and the significance of his character are shown. Now he is different, changed, life itself forced him to recognize “romance”)

III. Conversation.

Does Bazarov's internal change somehow affect his attitude towards others? Consider, for example, the relationship with the Kirsanovs. (Ch.22,23) ( Pavel Petrovich also hates Bazarov and resorts to a “knightly” method of resolving the conflict - a duel. But Bazarov, recognizing the stupidity of such a “feudal” method, still does not abandon it. And although he emerges victorious, after the duel he sees in Pavel Petrovich not an opponent, but an old man whom he just shot).

How did the relationship between Arkady and Bazarov change? ( Arkady and Bazarov “It was definitely boring.” Bazarov is busy with his problems. And even before, the nihilistic views were not his, not Arkady’s, but, as it were, “from someone else’s shoulder.” He behaved in a manner unusual for him for the sake of nihilism.)

Why did the author contrast these representatives of the nobility with Bazarov? Are they, the Kirsanovs, rather positive or rather negative? How do you rate them? ( These are the best representatives of the nobility. “...if cream is bad, then what about milk?”)

Does Bazarov stand the test of love? ( as a nihilist - no, as a person - yes. Love made him better, stronger and deeper in heart) (slide 4)

IV. Analysis of chapter 27.

So, in the face of death, Bazarov was left alone (the nihilist Bazarov has no true like-minded people, because he has no positive program, and therefore no future).

And yet, is Bazarov so lonely? ( No, my parents are nearby). (slide 5)

Read a conversation between a father and son about his impending death.

Read Chekhov's words ( slide 6)"My God! What a luxury “Fathers and Sons”! Just at least shout guard. Bazarov's illness was so severe that I became weak, and it felt as if I had become infected from him. And the end of Bazarov? God knows how it was done!”

Do you agree with Chekhov? ( Yes. He is not a coward, does not try to deceive himself, which is generally characteristic of people. The strength and courage of the hero are visible).

Does Bazarov remain true to his principles? ( Yes and no. Possible discussion)

- Bazarov's death is heroic, but it is not only Bazarov's heroism that attracts attention, but also the humanity of his behavior. The poetic love for Odintsova is especially touching.

Let's reread the farewell scene. ( slide 7)

What artistic device does Turgenev use in the scene of Bazarov's death? (dying lamp; candle lamp - a symbol of life; metaphor). ( slide 7)

Read the words of D.I. Pisarev ( slide 7) “To die in such a way that Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat.” How did you understand these words? (noble)

Pay attention to the hero's name. Eugene – noble (from Greek)

What does noble mean? (1 study according to Ozhegov’s dictionary works: Noble – 1. Highly moral, selflessly honest and open.2. Exceptional in quality).

Was it by chance that Turgenev gave such a name to his hero?

V. Lesson summary.

Reading excerpt from the novel “There is a small rural cemetery...” ( slide 8)

- What do the flowers on Bazarov’s grave say? (“Whatever passionate, sinful, rebellious heart hides in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at us with their innocent eyes: they don’t tell us about eternal peace alone, about that great peace of indifferent nature, they also talk about eternal reconciliation and endless life")

- Did Bazarov reconcile us? ( Death gave him the right to be what he may have always been: doubtful, weak, sublime, able to love).

- Turgenev wrote:“If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness, if he does not love him, I repeat, I am guilty and have not achieved my goal.”

Can you say whether Bazarov has become close and dear to you?

I. Homework:

1) Think about what eternal problems can be identified in the novel “Fathers and Sons”;