Music therapy for children at home. Practical application of music therapy in working with preschool children

Therapeutic possibilities of musical art.

The perception of music and its performance are the main forms of not only musical perception, but also music psychotherapy. History has left many facts testifying to the successful use of the therapeutic capabilities of musical art since ancient times. Humanity learned about the healing properties of music from the Bible.

The first to scientifically explain the healing effect was Pythagoras. In the 3rd century BC. e. In the Parthian kingdom, a musical medical center was created, where, with the help of specially selected melodies, they treated melancholy, nervous disorders, and heart pain.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the famous psychoneurologist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev began to study the influence of music on the human body. The scientist came to the conclusion that music can relieve fatigue and energize a person, and have a positive effect on the circulatory and respiratory systems. Academician Bekhterev believed that it is not without reason that mothers sing to their babies. “Without a lullaby, the full development of a child is generally impossible,” the scientist wrote.

Spiritual and religious music restores mental balance and gives a feeling of peace. If we compare music to medicine, religious music is an analgesic in the world of sounds, that is, it relieves pain.

Thanks to scientific research by Swedish scientists, it became known to the whole world that the sounds of a bell containing resonant ultrasonic radiation kills typhoid bacilli, jaundice pathogens and influenza viruses in a matter of seconds. And it is no coincidence that during the period of epidemics, bells in churches rang tirelessly.

Mozart's music has a universal effect - and all experts are unanimous in this. It has a truly magical effect: against colds and headaches, depression and mental stress. Moreover, the effect of the great Austrian’s music extends not only to people, but also to pets and even inanimate objects. For example, in Europe it was discovered that cows that regularly listened to Mozart’s works gave more milk, and the Japanese believe that Mozart makes bread fluffier and rice vodka sake more aromatic.

It has been established that during singing a special vibration of internal organs occurs. On the one hand, it helps in diagnosis, on the other, it activates respiratory functions. Singing cheerful songs helps with heart ailments and promotes longevity.

Not only certain melodies, but also certain instruments help a person feel better. Thus, it is believed that the harp has a harmonious effect on the functioning of the heart. The drum also helps a sick heart to normalize its rhythm and treats the hematopoietic system. A gentle violin heals the soul and promotes self-knowledge of a person. This noble organ harmonizes the activity of the spine and brings order to the head. It is not for nothing that works were performed on it mainly in churches and temples, after which people came out with cleared consciousness and pure thoughts.

The piano normalizes the functioning of the thyroid gland, and the flute expands and cleanses the lungs.

Music therapy can be an effective method of treating childhood neuroses, which are increasingly affecting preschoolers today. Today's preschool educational institutions must help society solve these problems by all possible means.

The main emphasis is on introducing children to works of high musical art: works from the “golden fund” of musical culture. The best music for treatment and relaxation is classical.

Relaxing, relaxing music can be listened to both during the day and in the evening, before bed, in a comfortable, pleasant environment. At the same time, the room should have dim, calm light. Sit or lay the children comfortably, remind them about proper breathing (as a rule, experts advise breathing not with the chest, as we are used to, but with the stomach, exhale on the count of “ten.”) Thanks to this breathing, air penetrates the cells and helps to relax better.

Activating classical music improves brain activity and helps restore lost and spent energy. Use this music while playing or taking morning routine.

Music therapy has three types: receptive (passive), active, integrative.

Integrative music therapy includes two methods:

Music and color therapy– synthesis of music and color (perception of music in combination with color).

Music therapyI- based on the synthesis of musical and visual perception. Musical perception in combination with viewing masterpieces of world painting has a strong psychotherapeutic effect on the child, helps to get out of conflict situations, deepens attention, awakens a feeling of self-love and life. Music transferred to paper (into a drawing) gives self-confidence.

Receptive music therapy used in working with preschoolers with visual impairments, speech impairments, and emotional and personal problems.

Active music therapy includes vocal therapy, which helps the cardiovascular system and folkloretherapy, which teaches harmonization of the external and internal world of a person.

Kinesitherapy develops as an independent technique and is based on the connection between music and movement, includes: choreography, corrective rhythm,rhythm therapyAnddance therapy. It has a positive effect in children with speech, vision, hearing, and musculoskeletal disorders.

A special place in kinesitherapy occupies dance therapy. By mastering dance, students not only learn movements, but also create an artistic image. He. It has a great emotional impact on performers and spectators.

Music therapy is used both in the process of listening to music and in the process of the exercises themselves.

To relieve stress, or vice versa, to activate the emotional sphere of the child’s personality, music is used for relaxation, as well as recording sounds of nature (the sound of the sea, forest, thunderstorms, etc.)

Music therapy exercises.

Exercise “The Sound of the Sea”.

Students listen to the sounds of the sea, and then invite them to “breathe” like the sea. Take a quiet, soft breath into your stomach and smoothly raise your arms up. And then exhale to the sound “SH”. Exhale for a long, long time, drawing in your stomach so that all the air comes out. Gently lower your hands and inhale again.

Relaxation exercise “Magic sleep”

Calm music with sounds of nature sounds. The teacher suggests sitting down more comfortably, relaxing, and closing your eyes. Installation:“You will now fall into a magical sleep. Rest quietly with your eyes closed. May everyone have a good dream."

Eyelashes droop...

Eyes are closing...

We rest peacefully (2 times),

We fall asleep in a magical sleep.

Breathe easily, evenly, deeply...

Our hands are resting...

The legs also rest...

They rest, fall asleep... (2 times)

The neck is not tense

And relaxed...

Lips part slightly

Everything is wonderfully relaxing... (2 times)

The tension has flown away...

And the whole body is relaxed (2 times),

It's like we're lying on the grass

On the green, soft grass...

The sun is shining now...

Our feet are warm...

Breathe easily... evenly... deeply...

Lips are warm and limp

And not at all tired.

We rested peacefully

We fell asleep in a magical sleep.

It's good for us to rest!

But it's time to get up!

Exercises for rhythm therapy.

Exercise “Air Bubbles”.

To the sound of splashing waves, children walk very quietly, easily and softly on their toes, and dance to the music. They imagine themselves as bubbles of water, light and weightless.

Exercise "Heron".

Students sing any sound and stand on one leg for as long as possible, spreading their arms to the sides like wings. This exercise trains the sense of balance, develops coordination of movements, forms correct posture, and strengthens the leg muscles.

Exercise “Snowdrifts and sunshine”.

One child is “sunshine”, all the rest are “drifts”. To the sound of a snowstorm, children “turn into snowdrifts” and freeze in a certain position. The teacher asks what or who they have become. Then the “sun” with a soft touch helps the “drifts” to melt. After all the snowdrifts have “melted,” students dance to any fun music.

Exercises formusic therapy.

Exercise "Magic carpet".

In this exercise, invite children to fly on a magic carpet with Ivan Tsarevich. Students look at reproductions of paintings by V.M. Vasnetsov “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf” and “Flying Carpet”. To the accompaniment of calm music, they close their eyes and imagine themselves as Ivan Tsarevich or Tsarevna, the children “fly” in the air on a magic carpet. The teacher touches them one by one, and they tell them what they see below, below them, above, whether they are afraid to fly, whether it is cold or warm, whether they can breathe easily, whether they want to fly even higher or descend to the ground.

Exercise “Sleeping Princess”.

Students look at a reproduction of a painting by V.M. Vasnetsov "The Sleeping Princess". They are invited to imagine themselves in the images of various fairy-tale characters in the picture, and freeze in a pose characteristic of this character. Then the teacher touches them in turn and everyone “wake up” and dance in accordance with the chosen images to the music of P. Tchaikovsky from the ballet “Sleeping Beauty”.

Vocal therapy.

« Melodization proper names or neutral phrases"- Ask the child to sing his name or some phrase (what he is doing now). Complication. Ask to sing your name or phrase with a certain intonation - anger and determination, sadness and despondency, fun and joy, calmness, etc.

« Melodization calls” - Sing emotionally charged calls with different intonations. (“Forward, friends!”, “Oh, how sad I am...”, “What luck, what joy...”, etc.). Children sing at a note and pitch that is comfortable for them.

Exercise onfolkloretherapy.

Uexercise "WhoWhat does he play on?

Blindfolded children, one after another, must guess the names of folk musical instruments sounded one after another.

In addition to music therapy classes, music accompanies children and adults throughout the day in a group.

COMPLEXES OF EXERCISES FOR AWAKENING

« Bunnies».

Children perform movements according to the text.

Here are the fluffy bunnies

They sleep peacefully in their cribs.

But the bunnies have enough sleep,

It's time for the little ones to wake up.

Let's pull the right handle,

Let's pull the left handle,

We open our eyes,

We play with legs:

We draw our legs in,

Straighten your legs

Now let's run quickly

Along the forest path.

Let's turn from side to side

And we’ll be completely awake!

Wake up, little eyes!

Wake up, little eyes! Are your eyes all awake?

Children lie on their backs, lightly stroking their closed eyes.

Wake up, ears! Are your ears all awake?

Rub your ears with your palms.

Wake up, hands! Are your hands all awake?

Rub your arms from hand to shoulder.

Wake up, legs! Are your legs all awake?

They tap their heels on the bed.

Wake up, kids!

We woke up! They stretch, then clap their hands.

« Stretch».

Who's already woken up?

Who reached out so sweetly?

Stretch and stretch

From the toes to the top of the head.

We'll stretch, stretch,

We won't stay small

We are already growing, growing, growing!

N.Pikuleva

Children stretch, alternately stretch out their right arm, then their left, arching their backs.

« Kittens».

Little kittens are funny guys:

They curl up into a ball, then unfold again.

Children lie on their backs, arms along the body. They bend their knees, their legs pull up their chests, they wrap their arms around their knees and return to her.

To make the back flexible,

So that your legs are quick,

Kittens do

Exercise for the back.

Children lie on their backs, hands “locked” behind their heads, legs bent at the knees.. Tilt of the knees to the left, in and out. p., bend the knees to the right, in and. P.

The locomotive puffed,

he took the kittens for a walk.

Children sit with their feet together and their hands resting behind them. Bend your legs at the knees, pull them to your chest with the sound “f-f” as you exhale.

Is it time for the kittens to have their afternoon snack?

Their tummies are growling.

Children sit cross-legged, one hand on their stomach, the other on their chest. Inhale through the nose,

drawing in the stomach; exhale through the mouth, inflating the stomach.

Here the kittens are up,

We reached the sun.

Children stand on the floor, raise their arms up, and stretch.

LULLABIES FOR BABIES

Little kids

Little children are sleeping

Everyone is snoring with their noses,

Everyone is watching a magical dream.

The dream is magical and colorful,

And a little funny.

I dream of a mischievous bunny,

He hurries to his home.

Dreaming of a pink baby elephant

He's like a little child

He laughs, he plays,

But he doesn’t fall asleep.

Sleep, little children!

A sparrow sits on a branch.

He tweets and you can hear:

Hush, hush, hush, hush...

N.Baydavletova

Lullaby of the Little Bears

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word!

I sing a song to Sasha

About funny teddy bears,

What are they sitting under the tree?

One sucks a paw

The other one is nibbling on the seeds.

The third sat down on a tree stump,

Sings a song loudly:

“Sasha, sleep, go to sleep,

Close your eyes..."

Cradle

(lullaby of the Ural Cossacks)

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word!

There is a house on the edge.

He is not poor, not rich,

The room is full of guys.

The room is full of guys,

Everyone is sitting on benches,

They eat sweet porridge.

Maslenaya porridge,

The spoons are painted.

The cat is sitting nearby,

He looks at the kids.

You, little cat,

Your pubis is gray

White skin,

I'll give you kokurka (butter cookies).

Come, cat,

Swing the kids to me,

Come to me to rock and lull the little ones to sleep.

And the night will have an end...

(Russian folk lullaby)

Bye-bye, bye-bye,

And the night will have an end.

And while the kids

Sleeps in cribs until morning.

The cow is sleeping, the bull is sleeping,

A bug is sleeping in the garden.

And the kitten next to the cat

He sleeps behind the stove in a basket.

The grass sleeps on the lawn,

The leaves are sleeping on the trees,

The sedge sleeps by the river,

Music therapy in working with children

Currently, for teachers of modern society, the problem of increasing the number of preschool and school-age children with behavioral disorders, as well as mental and personal development, has become acute. Psychologists, educators and other specialists work on this problem in kindergartens and schools. Many are looking for new non-traditional methods of pedagogical assistance to children. One such method is music therapy.

The history of the relationship between music and people goes back to the distant past, to the origins of humanity. The use of music for medicinal purposes also has a long history. In the past, music was widely used in medical practice. The impact of music on our lives is pervasive.

Music therapy is a method that uses music as a means of correcting emotional abnormalities, fears, movement and speech disorders, behavioral abnormalities, communication difficulties, as well as for the treatment of various somatic and psychosomatic diseases.

When working with children, music therapy is used to correct emotional deviations, fears, motor and speech disorders, psychosomatic diseases, and behavioral deviations. Music therapyallows you to overcome the child’s psychological defense - calm or, conversely, activate, tune in, interest; helps establish contact between the psychologist and the child; helps develop the child’s communication and creative abilities; increases self-esteem based on self-actualization; develops empathic abilities; helps strengthen relationships with a psychologist and other people, promotes the establishment and development of interpersonal relationships; forms valuable practical skills - playing musical instruments; helps to keep the child busy with exciting activities - musical games, singing, dancing, moving to music, improvising on musical instruments; short music playing at each lesson is well absorbed by children who do not tolerate academic loads well; captivates and has a strong calming effect on most hyperactive children; withdrawn, inhibited children become more spontaneous and develop skills for interacting with other people. Speech function improves. Music therapy is very effective in correcting communication disorders that arise in children for various reasons. Music therapy sessions allow you to create conditions for emotional dialogue, often even in cases where other methods have been exhausted. Contact through music is safe, unobtrusive, individualized, relieves fears and tension. Varying familiar and unfamiliar works, their volume, and speed in the classroom makes it possible to work with different children in a targeted manner..

For children with disabilities, the usefulness of music therapy is obvious, because...

Helps strengthen trust and mutual understanding between participants in the process;

Helps speed up the progress of therapy, since internal experiences are more easily expressed through music than through conversation;

Music enhances attention to the senses and serves as a material that enhances awareness;

Musical competence indirectly increases, and a sense of internal control and order arises.

The earlier treatment begins, the greater the chance of success. Therefore, from the age of two, children with disabilities can be treated and developed with the help of music therapy.

Currently, music therapy is an independent psychocorrectional direction, based on two aspects of influence:

1) psychosomatic (during which a therapeutic effect on body functions is carried out);

2) psychotherapeutic (during which, with the help of music, deviations in personal development and psycho-emotional state are corrected).

The cathartic (cleansing) effect of music allows it to be used in correctional work with children who have developmental problems.

For example In order to correct fears in children with autism, it is advisable to use individual music therapy. Traditionally, there are three levels of individual music therapy:

Communicative,

Reactive

Regulatory

On communicative level, the teacher’s efforts are aimed at establishing emotional contact with the child. At this stage, melodic works of classics are used. The child plays or dances to music, the teacher watches him and encourages him. It is important that by the end of the lesson he can approach the child, take his hand, stroke his back, etc.

On a jet level, the goal of which is catharsis, the child plays with an object that frightens him to music. For example, a child is offered a scary doll. First he must give her a name. Then, to the sounds of rhythmic music, he begins to interact with her in accordance with the psychologist’s instructions: “The “horror story” begins to run away from us, we catch it, throw it, drive it away, it leaves us.”

At the regulatory level, the psychologist offers various situations in which the “horror story” and the child may find themselves. The child is asked to choose the music with which the “horror story” communicates with him: slow, relaxing or fast, activating. The choice of music emphasizes the characteristics of the child’s emotional state and his attitude towards frightening objects.

Music therapy is used both individually and in group form. Each of these forms can be represented in three types of music therapy:

Receptive;

Active;

Integrative.

Receptive music therapy Receptive music therapy classes are aimed at modeling a positive emotional state.

A child’s perception of music helps to “step” from real life into another, imaginary world, a world of bizarre images and moods. In a large pre-listening story, the psychologist sets up the perception of a certain figurative musical picture, then the melody seems to take the listener away from negative experiences, revealing to him the beauty of nature and the world.

After listening in a conversation with the “patient”, the psychologist finds out what he “saw”, “felt”, “did” on an imaginary journey, what picture he can draw and describe in words. This perception of music provides stress relief and improves a person’s psycho-emotional state.

In psychocorrectional work, psychologists useintegrative music therapy. An example would be the synthesis of musical and visual perception. The classes are structured in such a way that the perception of music is accompanied by watching video recordings of various pictures of nature. In this case, the child is invited to “step” deep into the image - to a cool ringing stream or onto a sunny lawn, mentally catch butterflies or relax, lying on the green soft grass.An organic combination of two methods of perception gives a stronger psychocorrection effect.

Active music therapy when working with children, it is used in different ways: vocal therapy, dance therapy, with the aim of correcting psycho-emotional states in children and adults who have low self-esteem, a low degree of self-acceptance, and reduced emotional tone.

What kind of music has the greatest therapeutic effect?

According to observations, optimal results are obtained by listening to classical music and sounds of nature. For autogenic training, musical pieces are selected in accordance with the impact on certain functions, and options aimed at calming or mobilizing can be provided.

In the table you see a list of works that can influence the emotional state of both a child and an adult. I use these works both in music lessons and in extracurricular activities..

Ways music can influence your emotional state

Way

impact

Name

works

Time

Mood modeling (for fatigue and nervous exhaustion)

"Morning",

"Polonaise"

E. Grieg,

Oginsky

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

In a depressed, melancholy mood

"To joy"

"Ave Maria"

L. Van Beethoven,

F. Schubert

4 min.

4-5 min.

With severe irritability, anger

"Pilgrim Choir"

"Sentimental Waltz"

R. Wagner,

P. Tchaikovsky

2-4 min.

3-4 min.

With decreased concentration and attention

"Seasons",

"Moonlight",

"Dreams"

P. Tchaikovsky,

K. Debussy,

R. Debussy

2-3 min.

3 min.

Relaxing effect

"Barcarolle"

"Pastoral",

“Sonata in C Major” (Part 3),

"Swan",

"Sentimental Waltz"

romance from the movie “Gadfly”,

"Love story",

"Evening",

"Elegy",

"Prelude No. 1"

"Prelude No. 3"

Choir,

"Prelude No. 4"

"Prelude No. 13"

"Prelude No. 15"

"Melody",

"Prelude No. 17"

P. Tchaikovsky,

Bizet,

Lekana,

Saint-Saens,

P. Tchaikovsky,

D. Shostakovich,

F. Ley,

D. Lennon,

Fore,

J. S. Bach,

F. Chopin,

K. Gluck,

F. Chopin

2-3 min.

3 min.

3-4 min.

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

4 min.

3-4 min.

2 minutes.

4 min.

3 min.

2 minutes.

4 min.

1-2 min.

4 min.

2-3 min.

Tonic effect

"Czardas",

"Kumparsita"

"Adelita"

"Umbrellas of Cherbourg"

Monty,

Rodriguez,

Purcelo,

Legran

2-3 min.

3 min.

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

In addition to the usual listening to music (a passive form of music therapy), you can and should use many active techniques, tasks and exercises used in correctional and therapeutic pedagogy. These are different methods. I would like to talk about the methods that I constantly use in my work.

Causes a great response from childrenelements of fairy tale therapy. Thus, under a certain character of music, children find themselves in a fairy tale, portray the heroes of their favorite fairy tales and compose their own fairy tales. Each fairy tale hero has his own melody, and it can change depending on the child’s mood.

I also very actively use the methodvocal therapy When working with children, vocal therapy classes are aimed at creating an optimistic mood: singing life-affirming formula songs, optimistic children's songs that can be sung to a soundtrack or accompanied by accompaniment.I noticed that children who sing become more emotionally responsive, more relaxed in an unfamiliar environment. Muscle tension is also removed, the child’s articulation becomes more plastic, which also has a beneficial effect on the general emotional state, as a rule, children are in a positive mood after singing lessons. And of course I would like to talk about the technique of playing music on children's noise instruments. And for several years now there has been an ensemble of spoon players in our school. What was surprising to me was the great desire with which the children began to practice on spoons, overcoming the pain in their fingers, sacrificing the change. There are unbalanced children in the ensemble, often reacting aggressively to even the most harmless remarks. So, both I and the teaching staff noticed that with the beginning of learning to play with spoons, the children began to react more adequately and calmly to comments addressed to them. The ensemble began to be invited to various festivals and concerts. There was so much pride and joy in the children's eyes. Because our school mainly participates in events among correctional institutions. To sum it up, I can say that playing with spoons increased the children's self-esteem. After all, this is a rather difficult task and not everyone can do it. And this awareness by the child that “I can” elevates him in his own eyes and gives him confidence in his abilities in everyday life.

Thus , Music therapy will have a beneficial effect on the general emotional state of children and will increase the emotional status of children if they:

Favorable conditions have been created for music therapy classes with children;

Methodological techniques have been thought out: special musical exercises, games, tasks;

Special musical works were selected;

all senses in children are involved;

The integration of musical influence with other types of activities has been established.

Bibliography:

1) Zhavinina O., Zats L. Musical education: searches and finds // Art at school. - 2003. - No. 5. Kiseleva P. In the key of C major // Teacher's newspaper.

2) Marcus L. I., Nikologorodskaya O A. Heals anger and fills time Do it yourself. - 1990. - No. 3. Ovchinnikova T. Music for health. - St. Petersburg.

3) Union of Artists, 2004. Shanskikh G. Music as a means of correctional work // Art at school. - 2003.

5) http://nsportal.ru/detskii-sad/raznoe/muzykalnaya-terapiya

6) http://darmuz.ucoz.ru/

Music therapy for preschoolers

Music has accompanied humanity, perhaps since the very beginning of its existence. Lullabies lull babies to sleep, marches and drumming add courage, singing prayers puts one in a high spiritual mood... Much has been said about the influence of a harmonious combination of sounds, but not everyone knows that music can very well act as a healing agent.

What is music therapy

Music therapy is one of the methods of psychotherapeutic influence. As a rule, music therapy is not used in isolation, but in combination with other methods of treatment, and nevertheless, according to many psychologists and psychotherapists, in some cases, thanks to the competent use of the therapeutic effect of music, very good results can be achieved.

Music therapy began its march back in the 19th century, but only in the 20th century did this technique become widespread. In many European countries, music therapy is used in leading psychiatric clinics; there are even specialized music treatment centers. Music therapy in these countries has also gone beyond helping with mental illnesses - it has found its application in surgery, the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, pathologies of the respiratory, digestive, hematopoietic systems and the musculoskeletal system.

What is the mechanism of action of music therapy? There is no definite answer to this question - everything that concerns the higher nervous activity of man is still beyond the exact explanation of modern science. According to the Swedish school of music psychotherapy, the healing effect of music is achieved through the phenomenon of psychoresonance. According to this direction, music can open the way to the depths of consciousness. Certain music resonates with a particular experience, allowing it to be identified, analyzed and neutralized.

American psychotherapists use music therapy in traditional psychoanalysis. During the session, the doctor selects music that can reveal traumatic memories and help defuse emotional feelings about this. The singing of the patient himself during active music therapy, according to some researchers, has an additional therapeutic effect of vibration of the vocal cords, which is transmitted to other organs of the body.

1. In seriously ill patients, music opens up reserves of strength and will to recover.

2. Properly selected musical accompaniment helps the patient increase the level of confidence in the doctor and believe in a speedy recovery.

3. Therapeutic exercise with music allows you to achieve the desired rhythm and stimulate the patient to overcome discomfort when performing exercises.

4. Music becomes a good prophylactic tool to prevent adaptation disorder in conditions of high exposure to stress.

5. In elderly patients with memory impairment, pleasant happy memories may emerge under the influence of music, so in geriatrics music is used as a means of treating positive memories.

6. Music therapy is even used to treat newborns and unconscious patients.

Patients, as a rule, willingly attend music therapy sessions. The fact is that here no one will torment them with questions about the past and present, no one will painfully “dig” for deposits of memories. The music therapist achieves contact with the patient with the help of music: focusing on his emotional response, the specialist selects a piece that would allow the patient to independently understand himself, get relief, and even sometimes find a way out of a difficult situation.

Types of music therapy

There are two main types of music therapy - active and passive, and a great many additional subtypes that involve a combination of music treatment with other physical and mental methods of influence.

Passive music therapy involves listening to musical compositions. The goal of such treatment is to achieve an experience that can cause release or the discovery of deep-seated memories and feelings. In addition to passive music therapy, movement is often used, including breathing exercises, hypnotic influence, auto-training, and drawing.

Active psychotherapy involves the direct participation of the patient himself in the process of playing music. The patient himself plays a musical instrument, sings, claps, taps... Singing is an effective method of treating logoneuroses, including stuttering. At the same time, articulation improves, spastic contractions of the speech muscles disappear, and the person learns to control his breathing.

Music therapy goes well with physical activity. And here music is important not only as a rhythmic instrument that regulates the alternation of movements. Many techniques imply not so much physical activity, but rather the internal unity of the body and music. The patient moves to the music as he feels it. There is no need to think about the external beauty of movements - only the harmony of sounds and body.

Classical music is usually used for music therapy. In the arsenal of music therapists there are collections of relaxing, aggressive music that evokes various emotions - joy, fear, sadness, anxiety. Compositions that promote the emergence of negative emotions serve to release aggressive energy and express one’s feelings, after which music is usually played that resolves, calms, or, conversely, encourages productive activity.

Music therapy at home

Music therapy can also be used at home. Of course, one should not expect a miraculous effect from such treatment, however, as a preventative measure, such procedures can be quite effective.

Rules for conducting music therapy at home

A. You need to listen to music in a comfortable position. First, relax your whole body, try to get everyday problems out of your head. Follow this rule even if you want to achieve a stimulating effect.

b. The duration of the session is no more than 10-15 minutes. Excessive exposure tires the brain and can trigger unnecessary defensive reactions.

V. Play music at low volume so as not to deplete the nervous system.

d. When listening to emotional music, allow your body to express how you feel. You can stomp your feet to aggressive music, conduct... The main thing is to feel the music and give vent to your feelings.

d. After the session, rest for a few minutes - let the music penetrate the sphere of the unconscious.

e. You can try music therapy during sleep. It is in this state that the subconscious is especially sensitive to external and internal influences, so nighttime music therapy can be the most effective - this applies primarily to children, psychiatric patients and patients with an overly excitable psyche.

It is necessary to select musical compositions individually, focusing on your condition. To relieve aggression, aggressive music is first used, then neutral and at the very end - calming.

If your current state is determined by a feeling of fear, disturbing music should be played first - this will give you the opportunity to more fully respond to your experience. To improve your well-being and relieve anxiety, end the session with soothing music.

Home music therapy is not always traditional singing, playing music or passively listening to compositions. You can try a technique that allows you to feel the unity of music and your entire body, including both its mental and somatic components. To do this you will need a tambourine or a small drum.

Followers of this type of music therapy recommend first being silent and calming down. Now sing in low tones without words to the sound of the drum - you will feel the vibration that spreads to all tissues and organs of the body. Take a break from listening to yourself - try not to hear the sounds being reproduced with your ears, feel them with your body. If you do everything right, you will feel the need to move, like dancing. Release your inner music and inner dance. Concentrate only on enjoying the action. In this way, discharge all your accumulated emotions, and you will feel mental balance and peace. From the outside, of course, all this will look like shamanism, so make sure that no one is near you.

Music is your pleasant companion on the path of life. Use it wisely, allow yourself to respond to its calls - and you will be able to maintain your mental health and resist daily debilitating stress.

Music accompanies us throughout his life. It is difficult to find a person who would not like to listen to it - either classical, or modern, or folk. Many of us love to dance, sing, or even just whistle a tune. But do you know about the benefits of music for the body? Not everyone has probably thought about this.

But the pleasant sounds of melodies are used as a treatment method without drugs. This method is called music therapy, and its use has a positive effect on the body of both adults and children.

A little history

The fact that music has an effect on the human body was pointed out by the philosophers of the ancient world. Plato, Pythagoras and Aristotle in their writings spoke about the healing power that melody has. They believed that music serves to establish harmony and proportional order throughout the Universe. It is also capable of creating the necessary balance in the human body.

Music therapy was also used during the Middle Ages. This method helped in the treatment of diseases that caused epidemics. At that time in Italy this method was widely used in the treatment of tarantism. This is a serious mental illness caused by a tarantula (venomous spider) bite.

This phenomenon was first attempted to be explained only in the 17th century. And two centuries later, scientists began to conduct extensive research on this phenomenon. As a result, the fact was established that the twelve sounds included in the octave have a harmonious connection with 12 systems of the human body. When music or singing is directed to our body, amazing things happen. Organs are brought into a state of increased vibration levels. This process allows you to strengthen the immune system, improve metabolism and activate recovery processes. As a result, a person gets rid of ailments and recovers.

Thus, music therapy is considered not only the most interesting, but also a very promising direction. It is used in many countries around the world for health and medicinal purposes.

Music and children

Kids living in the modern world spend most of their time playing computer games and watching TV screens. Most often, parents are not against such activities for their child. After all, at this time silence reigns in the house, and adults can calmly go about their business. However, mothers and fathers should remember that frequent interaction with the computer and TV can negatively affect their baby. After all, cartoons often radiate outright aggression, and the plots of films contain a lot of violence and murder. All this negatively affects the fragile psyche of the child. But it happens that the relationship between parents does not go well. In this case, the baby receives real psychological trauma. He becomes unsure of himself and withdrawn. Often such children experience feelings of fear and guilt. They are afraid that no one needs them, and no one is able to protect them. In addition, such children develop bad habits.

All this has a negative impact on relationships between children. But at a young age, contacts with peers play an extremely important role. It becomes difficult for a child to join a team due to lack of self-confidence and fear that he will simply not be accepted.

Music therapy for children can help in this case. It is a psychotherapeutic method that allows for the correction of emotional states. The use of this therapy leads to the rapid elimination of mental stress.

The enormous benefit of music therapy for children lies in its ability to eliminate behavioral problems, as well as experience age-related crises that are associated with the development of the baby.

The harmonizing effect of melodies on mental processes is used in work with preschoolers. In this case, the teacher can use a huge number of methods. Regardless of which one is chosen, music therapy classes for preschool children have only one goal. It is for the baby to begin to become aware of himself and his existence in the world around him.

The importance of conducting classes

Music therapy for young children is a special form of working with children. In this case, the teacher uses various melodies, which can be either recordings on a tape recorder, or playing musical instruments, singing, listening to CDs, etc.

Music therapy in kindergarten is an excellent opportunity to activate the child. Thanks to this, he begins to overcome the unfavorable attitudes in his mind, establishes relationships with people around him, which improves his emotional state. In addition, music therapy for preschool children is also necessary for the correction of various emotional abnormalities, speech and movement disorders. This technique helps to correct deviations in behavior, eliminate communication difficulties, and also cure a variety of psychosomatic and somatic pathologies.

Music therapy also helps in the development of the child. It creates optimal conditions for nurturing a little person’s taste and aesthetic feelings, and helps him discover new abilities.

The use of music therapy for young children contributes to the development of their norms of behavior and character, and also enriches the inner world of a little person with vivid experiences. At the same time, listening to songs and melodies allows you to solve the problem of forming the moral qualities of the individual, the aesthetic attitude of the child to the world around him. At the same time, children develop a love for art.

Music therapy programs

Experts note that the combination of traditional means and teaching methods with listening to melodies and songs can significantly increase the level of development of preschool children. This has been proven by research. Music therapy for preschool children can be used not only for psychological and pedagogical correction, but also for therapeutic and preventive purposes. The possibilities of this method are quite wide. In this case, a specialist can choose a specific music therapy program for preschool children from the extensive list that is available today.

K. Schwabe, one of the founders of this type of treatment, pointed out that there are three directions in the use of melodic sounds:

functional (preventive);
pedagogical;
medical.

Musical influences, which are components of these directions, in turn, are:

mediated and non-mediated, based on the scope of application;
group and individual, differing in the way classes are organized;
active and supportive, with a different range of action;
directive and non-directive, indicating the type of contact between students and the teacher;
deep and superficial, which characterizes the expected final contact.

Let's look at some of these methods in more detail.

Individual music therapy

This type of influence can be carried out in three options:

Distinctive and communicative. With this type of influence, the child listens to a piece of music together with the teacher. In this case, a melody can improve interactions between an adult and his pupil.
Reactive. This effect promotes cleansing.
Regulatory. This type of exposure allows you to eliminate the child’s neuropsychic tension.

These forms can be used separately from each other or in combination in a music therapy lesson in kindergarten.

Group audition

This type of music therapy classes in kindergarten should be structured so that all participants in the process can freely communicate with each other. Only in this case will the classes become quite dynamic, because relationships of a communicative-emotional nature will certainly arise within the group.

Organizing creative activities is one of the best ways to relieve stress. This is especially important for those children who cannot speak out. It is much easier for them to engage in creativity, where their imagination will find expression. Stories are very difficult for them.

Passive music therapy

This is a receptive form of influence, the difference of which is that the child does not actively participate in the lesson. In this process he is a simple listener.

During classes using a passive form of music therapy in kindergarten, preschoolers are invited to listen to a variety of compositions or listen to sounds selected in accordance with the child’s health condition and the stage of treatment. Such events aim to model a positive emotional state. All this will allow the child to get out of a traumatic situation through relaxation.

Let's consider options for conducting passive music therapy classes when working with children.

Musical pictures. In such a lesson, the child perceives the melody together with the teacher. During the listening process, the teacher helps the child plunge into the world of images proposed by the work. To do this, the child is asked to focus his attention on the musical picture. For 5-10 minutes, the preschooler should be in the world of sounds. Communication with music will have a beneficial effect on a preschooler. To conduct such classes, the teacher must use instrumental classical works or sounds of the living world.
Musical modeling. In such classes, teachers are recommended to use a program that includes fragments of works of different nature. Some of them must correspond to the mental state of the preschooler. The effect of the second works neutralizes the influence of the previous fragment. The third type of music is necessary for recovery. At this stage, the teacher should select melodies that have the greatest emotional impact, that is, positive dynamics.
Mini relaxation. Carrying out such music therapy classes in kindergarten helps to activate the muscle tone of pupils. The child must feel and understand his body well, learning to relax it when tension arises.

Active music therapy

During classes of this form, the child is offered singing and instrumental playing:

Vocal therapy. Such music therapy classes are conducted in kindergarten and at home. Vocal therapy allows you to create an optimistic mood in your baby. And for this he must sing songs that will bring the child’s inner world into a harmonious state. Their texts must certainly contain the formula “You are good, I am good.” Vocal therapy is especially recommended for egocentric, inhibited and depressed children. This method is also included when drawing up a music therapy program for school-age children. In group vocal therapy, all children present in the session are involved in the process. But here the specialist needs to take into account the moment of hiddenness in the general mass and anonymity of feelings. Participation in vocal therapy will allow the child to overcome contact disorders by confirming their own feelings for the healthy experience of existing bodily sensations.
Instrumental therapy. This view also allows you to create an optimistic mood. At the same time, children are invited to play a musical instrument.
Kinesitherapy. The overall reactivity of the body can be changed under the influence of various means and forms of movement. Such a process will make it possible to destroy pathological stereotypes that often arise during the period of illness. At the same time, new attitudes arise in the child’s mind, which allow him to adapt to the surrounding reality. In such classes, children are taught the technique of expressing their emotions using body movements. This allows them to achieve relaxation. This type of music therapy is used in correctional work with children. Such activities help normalize psychological and communicative functions. The kinesitherapy method includes a plot-game process, rhythmoplasty, corrective rhythm, as well as psycho-gymnastics.

Integrative music therapy

In this method, in addition to listening to melodies, the teacher also uses other types of arts. He invites children to play a game to the music, draw, create a pantomime, write stories or poems, etc.

Active music playing is important in such classes. It increases the child’s self-esteem, which helps overcome ambivalence in behavior. In order for children to perform simple pieces, the teacher can give them the simplest instruments, such as a drum, xylophone or triangle. Such activities, as a rule, do not go beyond the search for simple harmonic, rhythmic and melodic forms, representing a kind of improvised game. Children participating in such a process develop dynamic adaptability and are fully prepared for mutual listening. Due to the fact that such classes are a form of group music therapy, during their implementation all participants must actively communicate with each other. This will allow the process to be as dynamic as possible, which will lead to the emergence of communicative and emotional relationships between children. The most important thing in this case is the child’s self-expression through playing the musical instrument given to him.

Dance movement therapy

This form of exercise serves as a bridge between the conscious and unconscious world. allows the child to express himself through movements. This will allow him to maintain his own individuality and establish contact with his peers. Such classes are the only type of music therapy that requires significant free space. During dance, the child’s motor behavior expands, which allows him to become aware of conflicts of desires and contributes to the experience of negative feelings. Such an impact leads to liberation from negativity.

The combination of dancing with singing or improvising movements to the sounds of classical melodies is especially valuable for a child’s health. Oscillatory rhythmic movements, which are performed to music that has three beats, also have therapeutic value.

Treatment of speech disorders

Musical rhythm helps eliminate some speech therapy problems. Among them is a speech disorder such as stuttering. Music therapy for children with speech disorders is carried out in the form of subgroup classes. At the same time, the specialist offers his wards rhythmic games, breathing exercises and playing melody at a slower, as well as an accelerating tempo.

They also use music in the process of independent work. At this moment there is no verbal communication. Exceptions to this type of music therapy include exercises for children in the form of reading to music. The specialist makes sure that the volume of the melody is strictly measured. The sounds that children hear should not be too loud, but at the same time too quiet.

The development of correctional programs for music therapy and their further use for the treatment of children with speech defects require the joint participation of music teachers and psychologists.

It is worth noting that the use of this technique to eliminate speech pathologies is considered very effective and promising. This became possible due to the powerful impact music has on a person’s emotional state. During such classes, as practice shows, correction and development of perceptual sensations occur, which makes it possible to stimulate speech function and normalize the prosodic side of speech, that is, timbre and rhythm, as well as the expressiveness of intonation.

For children with speech therapy problems, special programs are being developed, in which only those works should be used that will certainly appeal to all young patients. These can be musical pieces that are well known to children. The main condition for choosing a work is the fact that it should not distract the child from the main thing, attracting him with its novelty. The duration of listening does not exceed 10 minutes during one lesson.

Treatment of autism

The main goal of the music therapy technique for correcting the condition of children with a similar mental disorder is to establish auditory-vocal, auditory-motor, and visual-motor coordination, which must subsequently be synthesized in one activity.

The basic principle of conducting classes with disabled children lies in mental ecology. It provides for the presence of soft music at the beginning and end of classes. During the period of work, the specialist must carefully monitor changes in the emotional state of each small patient, adjusting the intensity of therapy if necessary. In addition, classes are built on the principle of moving from simple to complex material. Their structure includes:

Welcome ritual.
Regulatory exercises that help activate motor, auditory and visual attention.
Corrective and developmental exercises.
Farewell ritual.

Music therapy for children with autism is a highly effective means of eliminating many problems.

Music therapy in kindergarten.

"The use of music in the correction of the psycho-emotional sphere of the child."

Music surrounds us always and everywhere. We love to listen to it (some classical, some folk, some modern), sing, dance, sometimes even just whistle. But probably few of us think about its benefits. But since ancient times it has been known that music has a mental and physical effect on any organism.

The luminaries of ancient civilization Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato drew the attention of their contemporaries to the healing power of music, which, in their opinion, establishes proportional order and harmony throughout the Universe, including disturbed harmony in the human body.

“Music enhances any joy, calms any sadness, drives out illnesses, softens any pain, and therefore the Sages of Antiquity worshiped the One Power of the Soul, Melody and Song.” In the Middle Ages, the method of music therapy was used to treat an epidemic of disease - the so-called Dance of St. Vitus. At the same time, treatment with music for tarentism (a severe mental illness caused by the bite of a poisonous spider - tarantula) became widespread in Italy.

The first attempts to scientifically explain this phenomenon date back to the 17th century, and extensive experimental research dates back to the 19th century. S.S. attached great importance to music in the system of treating mental patients. Korsakov, V.M. Bekhterev and other famous Russian scientists.

Music therapy is a psychotherapeutic method that uses music as a therapeutic agent, as well as the controlled use of music in the correction of the psycho-emotional sphere of the child. The direct therapeutic effect of music on the neuropsychic sphere of children occurs through its passive or active perception.

Music therapy allows you to solve a number of problems: overcome the child’s psychological defense - calm or, conversely, adjust, activate, interest, establish contact between an adult and a child, helps develop the child’s communicative and creative abilities, keep him busy with exciting activities - musical games, singing, dancing, movement to music, improvisation on musical instruments.

In preschool age, the activating effect of music is achieved through the musical arrangement of various games and special correctional activities with children. Music therapy is carried out in the form of subgroup classes with rhythmic games, breathing exercises, reproduction of a given rhythm with a gradual slowdown in tempo. The volume of music must be strictly measured.

Music affects breathing.The leisurely pace of a piece of music slows down breathing and makes it deeper. The fast and rhythmic pulsation of the dance subordinates the breath to its own pace, forcing us to breathe more often. It’s the same with the heartbeat: slower and quieter - the calmer the rhythm of heart contractions.

Music also relieves muscle tension and improves body mobility and coordination.Through the autonomic nervous system, the auditory nerves connect the inner ear to the muscles of the body. Therefore, strength, flexibility and muscle tone are dependent on sound and vibration.

Every child has a favorite music that affects his soul most effectively. It is surrounded by a huge number of different genres, styles, trends. How to make sense of this abundance of musical material and highlight what is most useful for the child’s body?

Scientists have found that our brain is biologically susceptible to certain music. They believe that listening to music in the first 3 years of a person's life helps the brain form an idea of the world around it. The brain adapts easily in the early years, so it is necessary to expand the musical repertoire.

Children's songs: - “Antoshka” (Yu. Entin, V. Shainsky)

- “Bu-ra-ti-no” (Yu. Entin, A. Rybnikov)

- “Be kind” (A. Sanin, A. Flyarkovsky)

- “Cheerful Travelers” (S. Mikhalkov, M. Starokadomsky)

- “We divide everything in half” (M. Plyatskovsky, V. Shainsky)

- “Where Wizards Are Found” “Long Live the Surprise” (from the film “Dunno from Our Yard” by Yu. Entin, M. Minkov)

- “If you are kind” (from the film “The Adventures of Leopold the Cat” by M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev) - “Bells”, “Winged Swing” (from the film “The Adventures of Electronics”, Yu. Entin, G. Gladkov )

- “True Friend” (from the film “Timka and Dimka”, M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev)

- “Song of the Bremen Town Musicians” (Yu. Entin, G. Gladkov)

- “The Beautiful is Far Away” (from the film “Guest from the Future” by Yu. Entin, E. Krylatov)

- “Dance of the Little Ducklings” (French folk song).

One of the options for using the potential of musical art is background music, sounding “in the background”, without the installation of conscious perception in the classroom. The use of background music is one of the accessible and effective methods of psychological and pedagogical influence on a child in an educational institution and helps to solve many problems of the educational process. Which ones?

1. Creating a favorable emotional background, eliminating nervous tension and preserving the health of children.

2. Development of imagination in the process of creative activity, increased activity.

3. Activation of mental activity, improving the quality of knowledge acquisition.

4. Switching attention while studying labor educational material, preventing fatigue and fatigue.

5. Psychological and physical relaxation after training load, during psychological breaks, physical training minutes.

Using music in classes on speech development, mathematical development, manual labor, design, drawing, the teacher should focus on the possibilities of active and passive perception by children.

With active perception, the teacher intentionally draws children's attention to the sound of music, its figurative and emotional content, and means of expression.

With passive perception, music acts as a background to the main activity. Thus, during a lesson on the formation of mathematical concepts in order to enhance intellectual activity, increase concentration, and concentrate attention, music is played in the background.

In kindergarten, children need music throughout the day. This does not mean that it should sound continuously and loudly. Children should listen to music in doses, depending on the time of day, type of activity, and even the children’s mood. It’s good if the children in the group are greeted in the morning by a friendly teacher who will prudently turn on sunny major-key classical music, good songs with good lyrics. In this case, music will act as a therapeutic agent, correcting the psychophysical state of children. After all, every day a child suffers, albeit unnoticeably, trauma - a situation of separation from home and parents. And the kindergarten is their second home. And music provides an invaluable service in this regard.

Music therapy includes:listening to musical works, singing songs, rhythmic movements to music, musical breaks in classes, a combination of music and visual activities, playing children's musical instruments, musical exercises, etc. Recommendations for the use of music therapy in correctional work with children:

1) you can only use for listening a piece that absolutely all children like;

2) it is better to listen to musical pieces that are familiar to children;

3) the duration of listening should be no more than 10 minutes during the entire lesson.

To relax, relieve emotional and physical stress, and for a pleasant immersion in daytime sleep, you need to take advantage of the beneficial influence of melodic classical and modern relaxing music filled with the sounds of nature (the rustling of leaves, the voices of birds, the chirping of insects, the sound of sea waves and the cry of dolphins, the babbling of a brook). Children on a subconscious level calm down and relax;

Music for relaxation:- Albioni T. “Adagio”

Beethoven L. “Moonlight Sonata”

Gluck K. “Melody”

Grieg E. “Solveig’s Song”

Debussy K. “Moonlight”

Rimsky-Korsakov N. “Sea”

Saint-Saens K. "Swan"

Tchaikovsky P.I. "Autumn Song", "Sentimental Waltz"

Chopin F. “Nocturne in G minor”

Schubert F. “Ave Maria”, “Serenade”