My personal photo blog. City lanterns: the considerable importance of small architectural forms What trees are planted in the Hermitage garden

As a matter of fact, the Hermitage Garden was not always the way we are used to seeing it. It was even located in a different place: from 1830 until almost the end of the 19th century, it was located on Bozhedomka and was the first pleasure garden in Moscow with gazebos, flower beds, a theater, a stage, coffee houses and pavilions. It reached its greatest prosperity in the era when it belonged to the famous entrepreneur, former Maly Theater actor M. V. Lentovsky. K. S. Stanislavsky recalled the Hermitage Garden at that time: “What was there in this garden: boating on the pond and water fireworks of incredible richness and diversity with the battle of armadillos and their sinking, tightrope walking across the pond, water festivals with gondolas, illuminated boats, bathing nymphs in the pond, ballet on the shore and in the water. Processions of a military orchestra, choirs of gypsies, Russian songwriters. All of Moscow and foreigners visiting it visited the famous garden.”

However, Lentovsky went bankrupt, and the garden fell into disrepair, and later it was completely built up with houses, and nothing any longer reminded of the times when all this bygone splendor was located on the site of Samotechny Lanes.

Hermitage Garden. Century XIX. And so begins the history of the Hermitage garden in Karetny Ryad, born on the site of the former estate of merchant V.I. Olontsova. After several attempts to create a theater and garden here, undertaken by the Moscow Artistic Circle, merchant M.A. Lipsky, mechanical engineer K.V. Moshnin, the entire site came into the possession of the Moscow merchant Ya.V. Shchukin on July 16, 1894. This date is celebrated as the birthday of the Hermitage Garden.

In just a year, a boring wasteland turned into a blooming garden, flower beds and paths were laid out, trees and shrubs were planted, the theater building was reconstructed, and on June 18, 1895, the Hermitage officially opened. The Moscow public showed considerable interest in him - Shchukin's tenacity and enthusiasm aroused involuntary respect even from those who reproached him for his lack of subtlety of taste.

In the same year, electric lighting appeared in the Hermitage, running water was installed, and a swimming pool was installed. A year later, one of the first film shows in Russia took place here.

F. I. Shalyapin, A. V. Sobinov, A. V. Nezhdanova, S. V. sang on the stage of the Hermitage. Rachmaninov made his debut as a conductor, Sarah Brenard, Maria Ermolova, Vera Komissarzhevskaya played. In 1898, the Moscow Art Theater was opened in the building of the Hermitage Theater. The first performance was “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”; it was here that the premieres of Chekhov’s plays took place. L.N. Tolstoy and V.I. Lenin visited the garden.

Shchukin constantly undertook the construction of new theater venues, in 1909 the summer “Mirror” theater was built, it was planned to open a unique winter theater with 4 thousand seats, but this plan was only partially destined to take place: the box, now called the Shchukin stage, is all that succeeded erect. Unfavorable circumstances generated by the First World War and the revolution led Shchukin to ruin.

After the revolution, the garden was first nationalized, then, during the NEP period, it was transferred to private rent. In 1924, the building of the Hermitage Theater housed the MGSPS (Moscow City Council of Trade Unions) theater, then it was renamed the Mossovet Theater, Yu. A. Zavadsky was appointed chief director. The Hermitage Garden continued to be a favorite vacation spot for Muscovites. And even global cataclysms could not change this.

During the war, the garden was closed for only a short time - from the autumn of 1941 to April 1942. Performances resumed in 1943. The artists who returned from evacuation rehearsed and played in an unheated building, but the Hermitage lived on.

In the summer of 1945, the garden was reconstructed, in 1948 a summer concert hall was built, where A. I. Raikin later performed, performances of the Puppet Theater took place, K. I. Shulzhenko and L. I. Ruslanova sang, and an orchestra conducted by L. O played. Utesova.

In the 50-60s. in the Hermitage garden they played chess, walked, read, listened to famous artists, and watched movies (in 1953 a screen for a summer cinema was installed). During the Festival of Youth and Students in 1957, one and a half million visitors visited the garden. V. S. Vysotsky, the duet R. Kartsev - V. Ilchenko, and foreign musical and theater groups performed here. The first play “What?” took place at the Mirror Theater. Where? When?".

On November 20, 1980, the building of the Hermitage cinema was transferred to the Theater of Miniatures under the direction of A.I., who came to Moscow. Raikina.

In 1991, the New Opera Theater was opened, today one of three theaters operating on the territory of the garden (Hermitage, Sphere).

For the 850th anniversary of Moscow, the garden was transformed, many historical buildings were restored.

The diversity of today's life is fully embodied in the kaleidoscope of bright events taking place on the territory of the Hermitage Garden. The traditions of holding spring exhibitions and fairs “In the World of Flowers” ​​have been revived, festivals are held - jazz, ETNA, Latin American music, “Cup of Humor”, wine, beer and others. In 1997, the Tea Culture Club opened.

In 2004, the Hermitage Garden celebrated the 110th anniversary of its foundation. And although the garden is beautiful and simple in itself, every year writes a new page in its glorious history. It is nice here. This is the most Moscow vacation spot.

Hermitage Garden - a small and quiet green corner on Karetny Ryad Street, which is a monument of landscape gardening art.

The Hermitage occupies a special place among Moscow gardens: the fact is that it grew out of a kind of garden and theater quarter, developed at the end of the 19th century. During its existence, the garden was reconstructed more than once and has survived to this day in the form of a landscaped green park with beautiful lanterns and fountains - and, of course, theaters on its territory.

History of the Hermitage Garden

The Hermitage Garden (first the New Hermitage) was officially opened in 1895 on the initiative of a famous theater entrepreneur and philanthropist Yakov Shchukin. Initially, it was conceived as a summer pleasure garden with a theatrical function, and Shchukin thoroughly took up its arrangement: the top layer of soil up to one meter deep throughout the entire garden was dug up and replaced with fresh black soil, and specially selected trees and shrubs from outskirts of Moscow. The garden layout was carried out according to the architect's design Alexey Belevich, he also developed the designs for the first summer pavilions: stages and a buffet.

In a sense, the Shchukin Garden became one of the cradles of Moscow’s theatrical life: in 1896, the first public cinema screening took place here Lumiere brothers, in 1898 - the Moscow Public Art Theater (future Moscow Art Theater) opened with the premiere of the play “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”; performed on the garden stage Fyodor Chaliapin, Antonina Nezhdanova, Mikhail Vavich, ballerina Anna Pavlova and other famous theater and ballet artists and singers of the past. Premieres of plays took place at the Hermitage Theater Anton Chekhov"The Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya".

Shchukin was actively involved in attracting talented artists and developing the garden. In 1907, according to the design of the architect Bogdan Nilus, a number of stone buildings were erected in the garden, later the “Mirror Theater” appeared, electric lighting was installed and various technical innovations were introduced, “seen” by the owner in Europe. Under the leadership of Shchukin, the garden operated until 1917, when it was nationalized.

During the Soviet years, major buildings were reconstructed and rebuilt, new lanterns, stands and fountains appeared in the garden, and gradually it turned from a pleasure garden into a “regular” park in the city center.

Today, on the territory of the garden there are theater "Hermitage" Moscow Drama Theater "Sphere" and theater "New Opera".

Interesting objects and attractions

In addition to theaters, the Hermitage Garden contains a number of smaller objects and attractions that are worthy of the attention of visitors.

Cast iron pavilions "Garden Cottage" - two amazingly elegant garden structures made of cast iron, decorated with lacy cast-iron trellises. They make an unusual impression and practically force visitors to the garden to take photographs inside and outside.

- art object developed in Artemy Lebedev studio and installed in the Hermitage garden in 2013. A small sign that harmoniously fits into the landscape of the garden has become its unusual attraction, but, unfortunately, not everyone wants to be photographed next to it, contrary to its name.

Shchukin stage - a unique structure erected in 1910. Conceived by Shchukin as an innovative winter theater with various technical innovations for 4 thousand seats. Unfortunately, everything stopped at the brick box stage: due to the outbreak of the First World War, the gradual ruin of the owner and the subsequent Revolution, the project could not be implemented.

Busts Dante Alighieri and Victor Hugo appeared on the garden alleys in 2000. The bust of Dante Alighieri (sculptor Rinaldo Piras) was donated to Moscow by the Italian government, the bust of Victor Hugo (sculptor Laurent Marquest) was a gift from the Paris mayor's office. Also near the garden stage there are busts of Russian composers. Pyotr Tchaikovsky And Mikhail Glinka.

Also in the garden you can find a dovecote and a squirrel colony.

Today the Hermitage Garden is a modern and well-maintained park, loved by ordinary Muscovites and theatergoers. The garden's alleys regularly host exhibitions, city festivals and fairs, and the stage becomes a venue for various concerts, performances and shows. For visitors with children there is an excellent large playground.

On weekends and festivals, the garden is bustling with life, but on weekdays it is usually sparsely populated and ideal for a quiet rest in the shade of the trees.

Hermitage Garden located on Karetny Ryad street in the Tverskoy district of Moscow. You can get to it on foot from metro stations "Pushkinskaya" Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line, "Tverskaya" Zamoskvoretskaya, as well as "Chekhovskaya" And "Tsvetnoy Boulevard" Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line.

Autumn is wonderful this year. The trees are still bursting with colors and only recently have their leaves begun to fall off. And a week ago, everything was just showing off in place.

And I found a new fun. Walking during lunch isn’t enough for me, now I sometimes go for walks in the mornings too :))) It’s just that the start of the working day was postponed for 10 o’clock, and no one even thought about postponing the start of school. In light of this, you still wake up as before, and the child goes to school as before, so now I have almost a whole hour of time in the morning. Fortunately, we now work in the center and there are so many places to walk. And how I enjoy this circumstance!

The weather was wonderful that week. And one morning I decided to take a walk to the Hermitage Garden. Many times we walked past it during our walks, but somehow never got inside.

On the way to the garden I looked at the decoration of all sorts of cafes

And this name, apparently, arose in light of the sanctions :)))

The bike rack is almost empty. It has become very popular to ride a bicycle to the office; every day I see office workers on bicycles from the bike rack

Just the day before I saw an interesting house here

And the interesting thing is the decoration. I've never seen houses decorated with bats

Walk quickly along the side streets to the Hermitage Garden. It's already on the horizon. But I had time and I decided to walk along Uspensky Lane, which is next to the garden and has just been restored.

We walked along this alley many times, but somehow I didn’t remember anything about it at all. And now he looks much better. Placed benches and flower beds

And the lanterns, in appearance, are the same as the gas ones that stood in Moscow more than a hundred years ago.

All you have to do is paint the building a little, put an emphasis on it - and the look of the alley is completely different

And behind the building is something without which it is impossible to imagine the city - the domes of churches

Well, now you can take a look at the Hermitage Garden

I came in from Uspensky Lane and immediately came across a large children's playground

Squirrels are said to live in this enclosure. But early in the morning I found only the janitor there.

How to describe the feeling when you are walking through a very popular place in Moscow, where in the evening there are always a lot of people, but you walk and there is not a soul around? Beauty!!! Early morning, autumn trees, leaves underfoot, but only a janitor rarely flashes anywhere.

There are several theaters in the Hermitage Garden.
The monument is a monument to Victor Hugo.

Monument to Dante Alighieri (it seems that it was a gift to Moscow from the Italians)

Another theater is the New Opera. The building is already more than a hundred years old, I later read this. And at first I thought it was a successful remake.

And on the balconies on the sides there are such visitors

In the central part of Moscow, in the area of ​​Karetny Ryad Street, there is a monument of landscape art - the Hermitage Garden.
A little history:

July 16, 1894 - foundation of the garden by Y.V. Shchukin, a famous Moscow theater entrepreneur and philanthropist

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The closest metro station to the Hermitage Garden is Chekhovskaya. Although it’s almost the same distance to walk from the Trubnaya metro station. The red fence of the garden is visible from the other side of Karetny Ryad Street.

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— bust of Victor Hugo works by Laurent Marquest (gift of the City Hall of Paris)

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— bust of P.I. Tchaikovsky

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The name of the outstanding theater entrepreneur and philanthropist Yakov Vasilyevich Shchukin is well known not only to connoisseurs of high art, but also to the general public. True, many have heard about him as the creator of the Hermitage Theater - the oldest in the garden of the same name. However, he stood at the origins of the park itself, which perhaps not everyone knows about. Thanks to his efforts, the once abandoned area, where the merchant Olontsov’s estate used to be, in a short time turned into a favorite vacation spot, first for Moscow bohemia, and then for ordinary townspeople. In fact, the Hermitage Garden was opened in 1894, when the first visitors were invited here. But this date is not official.

On the territory there was an old factory building, also abandoned. It could easily have been demolished, since it did not fit into the surrounding landscape. But the enterprising and far-sighted Shchukin decided otherwise - he turned to the city authorities with a request to convert the premises into a theater. He was given the go-ahead for this, and in the same 1894, the former factory was added with a one-story gallery and porch, which were built by the architect V.P. Zagorsky. Then his colleague Balevich continued what he started, redeveloping the entire park. With his light hand, summer stages appeared, as well as canopies for the buffet.

And then came June 18, 1895 - the long-awaited moment of the official opening of the garden, which was called the “New Hermitage” (the first word was added so as not to be confused with the Hermitage pleasure garden, which was located on Bozhedomka). For convenience, the people called him Shchukinsky. A year later, on May 26, 1896, the first film show in the city took place here - at the cinema of the famous Lumiere brothers. The event became an important milestone in the cultural history of Moscow and all of Russia, especially since everyone could attend it.

The premiere of the play “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, which took place on October 26, 1896, is also inscribed in the glorious chronicle of the Hermitage Theater and the garden of the same name. After all, with this production, under the direction of Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, the Moscow Public Art Theater was solemnly opened. The first success inspired new premieres: performances based on Chekhov’s works “Uncle Vanya” and “The Seagull” were shown.

Simultaneously with the successes in the theatrical field, the Hermitage Garden itself developed, blossoming literally before our eyes. Y. V. Shchukin transformed the former wasteland literally beyond recognition. Many trees appeared here, paths and flower beds were laid out. Soon water supply was brought to the territory, and then electric lighting was installed. At that time, this was a real breakthrough along the path of technological progress. In 1907, by order of Yakov Vasilyevich, several stone buildings by the architect B. M. Nilus appeared in the park. And in 1909, a summer theater was built here, it was later called “Mirror” (architect A. N. Novikov). Shchukin led the Hermitage Garden before the 1917 revolution. In 1926, the eminent theatergoer and philanthropist died at the age of 70.

In the 30s of the last century, the famous Soviet architect Dmitry Dmitrievich Bulgakov, who worked in the style of post-constructivism and specialized in the construction of so-called luxury houses, where the then elite received apartments, was appointed as the new director of the Hermitage Garden. It is believed that the installation of new lanterns and pedestals, the appearance of other small forms in the garden is his merit, but some researchers argue about this. Another famous leader of the garden was Honored Cultural Worker of the RSFSR Iosif Emmanuilovich Bragilevsky, who worked in this position until 1984.

In the 40s, the old winter theater underwent reconstruction. It was carried out by architects Mikhail Vasilyevich Posokhin and Ashot Ashotovich Mdoyants. According to their design, the entrance vestibule had a long life - it was simply razed to the ground. Instead, they built a wonderful colonnade, equipping it with an open courtyard. The building itself, which is the oldest on the territory of the Hermitage Garden, remained, of course, untouched. Since 1959, the troupe of the Moscow Theater of Miniatures has staged performances within its walls, which in 1987 was transformed into the Hermitage Theater. A little earlier, in 1981, another theater opened here - “Sphere”.

Hermitage Garden: Today

There are more than a hundred gardens, squares and park areas in Moscow. In the Central Administrative District alone, to which the Hermitage belongs, there are 27 of them. The area of ​​the garden founded by philanthropist Shchukin is 4.90 hectares, which is not much in comparison with others. However, it stands out from the rest with a number of features, which makes it popular among Muscovites and guests of the city. The compactness here is harmoniously combined with many remarkable places and interesting attractions, which, it would seem, require more space. Various cultural events - holidays and concerts, festivals and competitions - are held here regularly. One of the most famous is the International Jazz Festival “Jazz in the Hermitage Garden”.

In the art studio, ballet and choreography schools operating in the park, talented children are introduced to the world of beauty. Visitors play table tennis outdoors and take part in yoga classes. There is something to dedicate time to in winter too: in the Hermitage Garden, an open-air skating rink is being installed, which is considered the most romantic in Moscow. In general, there are many romantic places in the garden that attract young people. One of them is a metal monument to All Lovers, made in the shape of a heart. It appeared with the light hand of the employees of the Silver Rain radio station, which annually on February 14, St. Valentina invites all lovers to the Hermitage for an unusual and pleasant competition - a mass kiss.

For the little ones there is a modern playground, where mothers and fathers are happy to bring their children. Kids watch with interest local wildlife, for example, purebred pigeons, squirrels, and tame pheasants. And together with adults they admire the unique nature of the park, where many apple and linden trees grow, green shrubs are planted, and flower beds bloom. Children's laughter can be heard here from everywhere, which fills the Hermitage with special energy, and you want to come back here again and again.

Walking along the paths of the garden, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that you are following in the footsteps of the great Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov, who probably stopped at the only fountain, pondering the ideas of their immortal works. In addition to the fact that the capital’s most famous theaters are located here - the Hermitage, Sphere and New Opera, true connoisseurs of art are also attracted by the monuments located on the territory. These are busts of the famous French writer Victor Hugo and the Italian poet Dante Alighieri.

After attending an interesting performance, strolling along the alleys or watching a celebrity concert on the park stage (Vysotsky, Zykina, Zhvanetsky and others performed here at different times), you can stop by the Chaikhana restaurant. As you guessed from the name, the establishment serves dishes of national Uzbek cuisine. A visit to the Tea Club, one of the largest in Moscow, will also be unforgettable. Visitors will be invited to take part in an ancient Chinese tea ceremony and will be told about the benefits of this drink, as well as types of tea.

The Hermitage Garden is located at the address: Moscow, st. Karetny Ryad, 3. Open daily from 9:00 to 22:00. Official website: www.mosgorsad.ru.

You can get there by public transport. Stops: metro stations “Chekhovskaya”, “Tverskaya” or “Pushkinskaya”. Then the walk is only 5-7 minutes.

Photography and video filming in the Hermitage Garden is possible, but only upon prior application and obtaining appropriate permission from the administration.