Monument to the Great Patriotic War. Monuments to historical figures and events

1. Rurik settlement in Novgorod

More than a thousand years ago, on a low hill, not far from the center of modern Veliky Novgorod, there stood a city - a rich administrative, trade and craft center of the entire Ilmen region - Rurik's settlement. Archaeologists have discovered many things of Scandinavian origin in its cultural layer. The settlement became the predecessor of the capital of the Novgorod principality; It was here, according to legend, that the Varangian Rurik came to reign.

One of the most famous archaeological sites of the Paleolithic era is located in Russia, in the Voronezh region. The first human settlements in Kostenki appeared 45 thousand years ago. Piles of animal bones were found in Kostenki - the ancient inhabitants of these places built houses from mammoth bones. Among the 40,000 finds are tools and works of art.

3. Gnezdovo

On both sides of the Dnieper in the Smolensk region there is the largest monument dating back to the birth of the ancient Russian state - the Gnezdovo burial mound complex. Once upon a time, 3500-4000 mounds were poured here. Both Slavs and Scandinavians in the VIII-X centuries. /bm9icg===>ekakhs buried the dead in the same way: first they placed the body in a funeral pyre, and then they built a mound. Some mounds are built on burnt burial boats; such burials turned out to be especially rich. Jewelry, broken swords and other items were found in them.

Phanagoria is one of the few ancient Greek colonies on the territory of modern Russia. The large port city served as the second capital of the Bosporan kingdom after Panticapaeum (modern Kerch). On the territory of the modern city, administrative and residential buildings from the late 6th - first half of the 5th centuries were excavated. BC. The most valuable find in the history of excavations was a wooden ship. It was possible to date it thanks to a metal ram, on which a cast sign of the king of the Bosporan state Mithridates VI Eupator (star and crescent) was found. Apparently, the ship of the bireme (a rowing warship with two rows of oars on each side) was part of the royal fleet and was burned during the assault on Phanagoria in 63 BC.

In October 2015, the Chersonese Tauride Museum-Reserve passed to Russia, and although UNESCO refused to recognize this fact, the museum-reserve is now under the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Culture. The only Greek city in the Black Sea region, Chersonesus managed to be a Roman colony, become part of the Bosporan kingdom, was independent for a short time, became part of Byzantium, survived the raids of Genghis Khan's troops, was twice destroyed and plundered by Lithuanian princes, and saw Genoese merchants. Its cultural layer preserves the memory of every period of the history of the ancient city.

6. Selitrennoye settlement (Sarai-Batu)

On the territory of the Astrakhan region there is the capital of the Golden Horde, founded by Batu Khan - the city of Sarai-Batu. It became saltpeter much later, when under Peter I, saltpeter production plants were installed here.

The foundations of many buildings - public, residential and industrial - were found on the territory of the monument. The cities of Golden Orzha were built by conquered peoples, so the material culture of the village of Sarai-Batu was very eclectic.

7. Old Ryazan ancient settlement

One of the richest cities of Ancient Rus', the capital of the Ryazan principality was located completely different from where modern Ryazan stands. The settlement of Old Ryazan was discovered in 1822 thanks to an accidental find - a treasure trove of gold jewelry. After the Great Patriotic War, excavations were taken seriously. Three temples, objects of art, houses and premises where people practiced crafts, and 16 treasures with coins and valuables were found at the site.

8. Arkaim

3 thousand years BC, a huge fortified city was built on the territory of the modern Chelyabinsk region. In special workshops, its residents smelted bronze and practiced pottery. The city was strictly planned and had storm drainage.

The circular figures formed by the remains of fortifications and dwellings in the steppe have attracted not only historians, but also adherents of occultism of all kinds: they call the archaeological monument “a place of power”, “the cradle of humanity” and “the ancestral home of the Aryans”.

When a person realized himself as a creator and he acquired the talent to depict using various materials, he embodied this skill in sculptural art. We can only admire the fruits of human creation and praise the most famous monuments of the world, which we will happily do in this article. Next, we will talk about the most popular and exciting monuments, which to this day attract millions of eyes of tourists from all over the world.

Sphinx (Gizeh, Egypt)

This mysterious monument raises more questions than it answers. Many scientists around the world are still at a loss and cannot understand how people could create such a monumental creation around 2400 BC. There is an opinion that a man with the body of a lion is the embodiment and symbol of the reign of the ancient pharaoh Khafre. In a completely unimaginable way, the Egyptians managed to carve a sculpture 20 meters high and 72 meters long from limestone rock. But the main secret is hidden in the name of the sculpture - Sphinx. Scientists have calculated that the word “Sphinx” itself is of Greek origin, and it was assigned to the monument long after its construction.

Jesus Christ the Redeemer (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

The monument to Jesus Christ the Redeemer has long become the hallmark of the Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, and the constant main symbol for the Brazilians themselves. The monument achieved such an amazing bonding effect because of the unity of the citizens of Brazil, who donated their hard-earned money to finance its creation. Thus, Brazil's largest charitable project managed to collect 2.5 million flights, for which the 38-meter monument was built. Work on the monument to Jesus Christ the Redeemer lasted ten years from 1921 to 1931. Now this monument is not only a symbol of the country for Brazilians, but also the most impressive sculptural creation of humanity, which millions of tourists from different parts of the world come to see with their own eyes.

Genghis Khan (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)

A fifty-meter high monument depicting Genghis Khan was built near the desert of Ulaanbaatar, which is located in Mongolia. The pedestal of this giant monument is surrounded by 36 strong columns and houses not only one of the largest historical museums in Mongolia, but also an entertainment complex for tourists. The monument is of significant historical character for the people of Mongolia. The monument itself was built relatively recently, already in the 21st century, but thanks to its impressive scale and excellent quality of workmanship, it has gained great popularity among tourists and has already been included in the list of the most famous monuments in the world.

Buddha (Leshan, China)

The Leshan Buddha Monument is one of the oldest and main monuments dedicated to the Buddhist religion. The Leshan Buddha sculpture was built in 713 AD. The gigantic 70-meter tall Buddha figure is hard to miss, because the monument is carved right in the middle of the rock in Mount Lingyunshan. This world monument was created over the course of 90 long years and was revealed to people only in the 17th century, after the temple on the river bank near the rock was completely destroyed.

Statue of Liberty (New York, USA)

Few people know that the famous American symbol of freedom in New York is not at all the work of Americans. The Statue of Liberty is only a gift to the entire American people from the French government in honor of the centenary of the signing and proclamation of the US Declaration of Independence. The 93-meter-long Statue of Liberty, located near Manhattan, is not only the personification of will and democracy, but also a symbol of human rights and the rule of law.

Motherland on Mamayev Kurgan (Volgograd, Russia)

Perhaps the main and most significant monument in Russia, built in honor of the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad on Mamayev Kurgan. The monument represents the Motherland, which calls its sons into battle against the ruthless enemies. That's why her mouth is open. The Motherland is one of the most complex monuments in the world in terms of technical calculations regarding stability and reliability. The monument is a brilliant creation of the monumental sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich.

Moai stone statues (Easter Island, Chile)

Reaching up to 9 meters in length, these famous Easter Island stone statues, along with the Egyptian Sphinx, are among the most mysterious monuments in the world. In total, there are 887 statues on the Chilean island, many of which were not even completed. All the statues were made between the mid-11th and 14th centuries. That is why the statues are made in four completely different styles. And the later the statue was built, the more complex it was made. Scientists around the world are still arguing among themselves over how such heavy statues were moved and placed in the right places.

Of course, there are still a huge number of monuments around the world, but believe me, the monuments listed above are the most famous monuments, which we wish every person on Earth to see with their own eyes.

Russia is known for its endless open spaces, beautiful nature and rich culture, which is embodied in numerous monuments and beautiful buildings. They attract crowds of tourists to the country and attract residents of the country. Some monuments were erected just yesterday, others date back to the Middle Ages.

To convey them to descendants in their original form, you need to regularly. This is the only way we can be sure that future generations will see them and learn about the historical events to which they are dedicated.

The lion's share of monuments and historical buildings is concentrated in the two capitals of Russia - Moscow and St. Petersburg, but this does not mean that there is nothing to see in other cities. It so happened historically that the main memorable events in the country took place here, so they are immortalized here. In this article we will tell you about the most interesting monuments of the country.

Tsar Bell in Moscow

This monument appeared thanks to the decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna. When she ordered the bell to be cast in the dimensions known to us, the craftsmen from abroad refused, because, as they believed, it was technically impossible. Then the masters of Motorina came to the fore. After lengthy approvals of the project (only this part of the work lasted 3 years), the first attempt was made, which was not crowned with success. Later, after the death of the head of the Motorin family, his son was able to cast the Tsar Bell. Despite his luck, the capital has still not heard his voice. Now one of the most monumental monuments in the country adorns the territory of the Kremlin.

Tsar Cannon in Moscow

The monument is dedicated to the glorious history of Russian artillery and adorns Ivanovo Square in the capital. The monument weighs 40 tons. It was cast to protect the Kremlin walls, but later it was decided that such power could not only protect the Kremlin, but also destroy it. As a result, without receiving a baptism of fire, the gun became a monument.

The love of Moscow residents for the monument is so strong that it gave rise to an urban legend. Allegedly, the Tsar Cannon fired the ashes of the impostor False Dmitry at one time. There is no evidence of this, but this does not make the monument less significant for residents and guests of the capital.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in Moscow

This is one of the most famous and revered temples in Russia. There are many secrets and legends associated with its history. Gradually, the legends changed, acquired new fictitious details and increasingly turned into beautiful fairy tales.

But I would like to bring one here. According to legend, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity used to stand on this site. Gradually, the area around grew with new churches in honor of the achievements of the Russian people. When the number of churches approached ten, Metropolitan Macarius asked Ivan the Terrible to build one large church instead.

They tried to destroy the sanctuary many times; at one time it was forbidden to serve in it. In order to continue to please visitors with its appearance, regularly protect it from the negative influence of the external environment and restore external freshness.

Be sure to visit this temple if you are in Moscow.

Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg

The fortress dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul stands apart from the numerous historical buildings of St. Petersburg. Here, in the center of the city, the capital of the Russian Empire was founded, opening a “window to Europe.” The first construction work here began in 1703, so the fortress is a witness to all the historical events that the City of Three Revolutions experienced. On the territory of the complex there is a beautiful Peter and Paul Cathedral, in which representatives of the House of Romanov are buried. Nearby is the Commandant's Cemetery, where the commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress are buried.

“The Bronze Horseman” in St. Petersburg

There are plenty of monuments dedicated to Emperor Peter I in Russia and abroad. But the most famous is the “Bronze Horseman” in St. Petersburg. It has been decorating Senate Square since 1782. There are many stories and legends associated with this place, which would not be described in a book. An interesting fact is connected with the name of the monument, which it received with the light hand of A.S. Pushkin, who dedicated a poem to the monument. Moreover, the creation of the sculptor Yu. M. Felten is made of bronze.

Be sure to take a look at “The Bronze Horseman” when you are in St. Petersburg. You will be amazed at how such a massive monument rests on just three points of support.

Monument "Millennium of Russia" in Veliky Novgorod

The monument “Millennium of Russia” was erected in 1862 in memory of the thousandth anniversary of the calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The author's idea is clear: he shows the viewer the richness of the country's history. The monument has the shape of a globe and stands on a pedestal in the shape of a bell. Here you will see bas-reliefs of emperors and empresses, great generals and famous cultural figures. Each of them wrote a glorious page in the history of Russia. Without them, the country would not be as big and great as it is now.

The preservation of cultural monuments is an important task that should be entrusted to professional cleaning companies. Employees of organizations will wash monuments and facades, and, if necessary, provide other services, for example.

Archaeological finds typically provide scientists with very detailed information about the past. But it happens that scientists themselves find themselves at a dead end, because they cannot explain either the origin or purpose of artifacts. In our review of 10 amazing architectural objects found by archaeologists in different parts of the planet.

1. Templar buildings (Malta and Gozo)

The Templars lived on the islands of Malta and Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea for 1,100 years (from 4000 to 2900 BC), and then simply disappeared without a trace, leaving behind only amazing structures. As far as modern archaeologists can tell, their disappearance was not caused by invasion, famine or disease. It can be argued that these mysterious people were obsessed with building stone temple complexes - about 30 of them were found on 2 small islands. Researchers found numerous evidence of sacrifices and complex rituals in these temples, as well as an abundance of phallic symbols.

High in the mountains, in the middle of a Siberian lake, in 1891, scientists discovered one of the most mysterious structures in Russia - Por-Bazhyn (which means “Clay House”). The age of this structure with an area of 7 acts is estimated at 1300 years. Despite the fact that more than a century has passed since the discovery of Por-Bazhyn, archaeologists are not one step closer to solving why such a structure was built.

3. Underground pyramids of the Etruscans (Italy)

In 2011, archaeologist Claudio Bizzarri stumbled upon Etruscan pyramids beneath the medieval Italian city of Orvieto. First, archaeologists noticed Etruscan-style steps that were carved into the wall of the wine cellar and went down. After excavations, a tunnel was discovered that led to a room with walls sloping upward. Continuing their descent, archaeologists discovered Etruscan ceramics from the 5th and 6th centuries BC, a number of other artifacts more than 3,000 years old, and about 150 inscriptions in the Etruscan language. During the excavations, it was discovered that the steps lead even lower, into another tunnel leading to another underground pyramid. Excavations are still ongoing.

4. Ancient tundra (Greenland)

Until recently, geologists believed that glaciers, when moving, play the role of a kind of skating rink that “erases” plants and soil layers from the surface. act as forces of erosion, clearing away everything they move along from plants and soil into the top layer of bedrock. But now, scientists must rethink this theory, since pristine tundra has been discovered under a 3 km thick glacier. Plants and soil have been frozen for over 2.5 million years.

5. Lost Temple of Musasir (Iraq)

In Kurdistan in northern Iraq, locals recently discovered real archaeological treasures dating back to the Iron Age (more than 2,500 years ago). Quite by accident, they discovered the bases of pillars (the supposed lost temple of Musasir), as well as other artifacts, including statues of people and life-size goats. The statues are believed to have been an important part of burial rituals in the Urartu civilization. Further excavations are unsafe as the region remains littered with unexploded mines from past border conflicts.

6. Palace of the Han Dynasty (Siberia)

When Soviet workers were laying a road near the Mongolian border, they accidentally unearthed the foundations of an ancient palace in the immediate vicinity of the city of Abakan. By 1940, archaeologists had completely excavated the site, but were unable to solve the mystery of the ruins. The age of the ruins of a huge palace with an area of about 1500 square meters was determined to be 2000 years. However, the palace was built in the style of the Chinese Han dynasty, which ruled from 206 BC. to 220 AD The catch is that the palace was located right on enemy territory, controlled at that time by the nomadic Xiongnu people. The Xiongnu raids were so constant that the Great Wall of China was built to protect against them.

7. Seven Provincial Pyramids (Egypt)

In southern Egypt, near the ancient settlement of Edfu, archaeologists have discovered a step pyramid that is several decades older than the Great Pyramid of Giza. Built 4,600 years ago, this three-stage pyramid belongs to a group of seven "provincial pyramids" that were made from sandstone blocks and clay mortar. The Edfu Pyramid is only 5 meters high, although previously its height was about 13 meters. Six of the seven pyramids are almost identical in size and do not contain internal chambers, so they were not intended to be used as tombs. Their purpose is still unknown.

8. Magical sanctuaries (Armenia)

During excavations in 2003-2011 of the Armenian fortress in the city of Gegharot, archaeologists discovered three sanctuaries, whose age is about 3,300 years. They are believed to have been used for fortune telling, and with the help of these sanctuaries local rulers predicted their future. At the center of each one-room temple was a clay basin filled with ash, as well as ceramic vessels.

9. Buddhist Temple (Bangladesh)

A recent archaeological discovery may reveal the early life of Atish Dipankar, a revered Buddhist saint who was born in Bangladesh more than 1,000 years ago. In the Munshingaj district, the ruins of a Buddhist city and temple were discovered, the age of which is about 10 centuries. Scholars believe that it was in this temple that Dipankar taught his followers before leaving for Tibet.

10. Tel Burna (Israel)

In southern Israel, archaeologists have discovered an Iron Age site and numerous artifacts that suggest Tel Burna is in fact the biblical city of Libn, one of the places where the Israelites stayed during the Exodus, when Moses led them out of Egypt. If this assumption is correct, then Tel Burna is part of the Kingdom of Judah, which also included Jerusalem.

Mysterious artifacts are found not only among architectural monuments. Today there is, at a minimum, .

Nowadays in large European cities you can find very unusual monuments and sculptures, often striking with their amusing, funny and even ridiculous appearance.

Well, is it really possible to take such a monument standing in Amsterdam seriously? “Don’t drink the branch you’re sitting on”:

By the way, a similar monument was erected in Yakutsk. Here he is:

And in Brussels on the street you can meet an old lady like this with a bag, counting her money.

There, in Brussels, there is this funny monument: a policeman and the prankish thief who caught him:

A queue monument was erected in Washington. Look how tourists organically join it:

The situation with passage through walls is very unusual. If in Los Angeles a clerk with a suitcase could only stick his head into the wall...

The French writer Marcel Aimé, in Paris, has already passed through the wall, and is now in the process of emerging from it...

But the bronze woman from Santa Fe, New Mexico lay down to rest right on the sidewalk. Tourists are joining!

People in Holland love music. Here, a violinist broke through the floor to please the ears of passers-by:

In Bratislava there is even a monument to a plumber leaning out of a sewer manhole:

By the way, there are plumbers not only in Bratislava, but also in Ukraine. This is such a sad “Santa” from Berdyansk. By the way, there are similar monuments in Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, and Yekaterinburg...

And in Oslo a stone man was seen fighting off stone children. Or is he juggling them? What's remarkable is that the man is naked...

In Seoul, street benches are held up not by supports, but by strong teeth! Feast your eyes on these comrades!

By the way, the Danes also have a sense of humor. For example, a monument to uh... how can I put this mildly?

But the Danish madam from Ringkobing will probably have more:

Another rather unusual monument was erected in Melbourne. Something is wrong in the picture, isn't it?

By the way, you can’t hide anywhere from these cyclists... Even at the bottom of the sea!

In addition to stone or bronze people, the world is flooded with monuments to things, and this cannot be kept silent about!

The newest of them is a monument, let's say, political. Monument to the shoe thrown at Bush the Younger:

And in Paris there is a monument to the finger. And he sticks out from under the ground:

In Australia - to the wallet:

In Nakavik, Canada - an axe:

In Springfield (USA) - a monument to a fork:

And in Norway, Oslo - a paper clip:

And even books - in Berlin:

And in Russia they responded to this with a powerful three-meter stool! “Monument to the first stool of the Russian land” was installed in the former estate of the Arshenevsky brothers on Taganka:

And in Germany, in Braunschweig, stray cats were spotted (it’s good that at least these ones don’t yell):

And the tap in Cadiz pouring water from the sky:

London is famous for its traffic lights, and on this occasion there is this monument erected there:

And in Prague - a monument to a woman’s shoe:

And now, let's move to Russia. What is there in Russian land? Let's start with animals. The Russian people love their little brothers!

For example, in St. Petersburg, on Malaya Sadovaya Street, there is a cast-iron cat, who was christened Elisha Kotovich Pitersky. The cat climbed high - to the second floor of the Eliseevsky grocery store, and therefore it is not so easy to notice:

Another cat (or rather a cat) “hangs” at the window of the creative center “Mitki VKHUTEMAS” (Pravdy St., 16) on the 6th floor. Dressed like a famous cartoon character, she was immediately nicknamed Matroskin's cat:

And in Moscow, in a park by the lake near the Novodevichy Convent, a whole sculptural composition “Make way for ducklings!” was opened. Little ducklings look around, quack, look for a worm in the grass - in a word, they behave as if they were alive. It’s not for nothing that a guard was placed at the monument - the ducklings are trying to steal them!

By the way, the sculptors did not ignore even such a tiny creature as a bee. In Kuzminki Park, for example, they erected a monument to the bee Kuza, who sits on one of the columns depicting a honeycomb:

“The Nose” is ranked among the most unusual monuments in St. Petersburg. By the way, he, like his prototype, loves to take a walk. For example, in 2002 he suddenly disappeared from his pedestal. He was found a year later on the landing of house No. 15, not far from Voznesensky Prospekt, where his rightful place was located: