Research project: the image of the grandmother in Russian literature. Start in science

THE IMAGE OF GRANDMOTHER IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE Stefanova L. M., teacher of Russian language and literature of the Educational Institution “RDB” of the State Educational Institution “RCO”, Syktyvkar A. S. Pushkin and his grandmother Maria Alekseevna Hannibal and nanny Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva Maria Alekseevna Hannibal “She, without a doubt, was the first teacher of the future poet...” A. A. Delvig A. S. Pushkin mentions his grandmother in “The Beginning of Biography”, her image is reflected in the poems “Dream”, “My Genealogy” . Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva “From adolescence to the grave, this brilliant, renowned poet was not ashamed to publicly, in wonderful verses, profess his tender affection not for his mother, but for his nanny... So this is the first inspirer, the first muse of the great artist!” I. S. Aksakov Arina Rodionovna became the prototype of Tatyana Larina's nanny - Filipyevna (the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin"), Orina Egorovna - the nanny of Vladimir Dubrovsky (the story "Dubrovsky"), the nanny in the tragedy "Boris Godunov". A. S. Pushkin dedicated a poem to Arina Rodionovna “Nanny”, we meet her image in the poems “Dream”, “Winter Evening” and others. M. Yu. Lermontov and his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva “Old lady Arsenyeva idolized her grandson , he remained as a consolation and support for her in her old age; she lived for him alone and to fulfill his whims; He couldn’t praise him enough, he couldn’t stop looking at him...” E. A. Sushkova Name the works for which these illustrations were made and the authors of these works. In the story, Gorky pays great attention to his grandmother Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina. It is no coincidence that at first the writer wanted to call his story “Grandma”. “Before her, it was as if I was sleeping, hidden in the darkness, but she appeared, woke me up, brought me into the light, tied everything around me into a continuous thread, wove it into multi-colored lace and immediately became for the rest of my life the closest, dearest person to my heart.” M. Gorky Maxim Gorky “Childhood” V. P. Astafiev “Last Bow” The image of grandmother Katerina Petrovna Potolitsyna runs through the entire book. First of all, the writer bows gratefully to her. “Grandmother was my father and mother - everything that is dear to me in the world! I don’t have words that could convey all my love for my grandmother...” V. P. Astafiev What role did grandmothers play in the lives of their grandchildren? Draw conclusions by completing the statements: Childhood is an important time for every person. This is the time of formation... Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina, Katerina Petrovna Potolitsyna are wonderful grandmothers who... In their memoirs and works by A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, M. Gorky, V. P. Astafiev... Poets and writers remember their grandmothers with gratitude. And, perhaps, if it were not for wonderful grandmothers, there would not have been such geniuses in Russian literature as A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, M. Gorky, V. P. Astafiev. Images used: http://img692.imageshack.us/img692/8979/memyary.gif - pen, inkwell (slide 1) http://im6 - tub - ru.yandex.net/i?id=296777999 - 44 - 72&n=21 – A. S. Pushkin in childhood (slide 2) http://www.odin - fakt.ru/upload/KUL/20090522_Bednyi_Sashka/SCN01351_300.jpg - monument to Pushkin’s grandmother (slides 2, 3) http:// www.pk08.ru/images/4f3b64e2a32da.jpg - Arina Rodionovna (slides 2, 4) http://900igr.net/datai/literatura/Urok - po - Lermontovu/0004 - 003 - M.JU. - Lermontov - rebjonkom.jpg - M. Yu. Lermontov in childhood (slide 5) http://900igr.net/datai/literatura/Lermontov - Mtsyri/0008 - 011 - V - poeme - govoritsja - o - vzaimootnoshenijakh - monakhov - i - malchika.jpg - E. A. Arsenyeva (slides 5, 6) http://900igr.net/datai/literatura/Povest - Detstvo/0007 - 006 - Dni - nezdorovja.jpg - illustration for the story “Childhood” ( slide 7) http://900igr.net/datai/literatura/Povest - Detstvo/0004 - 003 - Kakoj - vidit - Aljosha - babushku.jpg - illustration for the story “Childhood” (slide 8) http://www.permvelikaya .ru/wp - content/uploads/2009/05/588.jpg - portrait of A. S. Pushkin (slide 11) http://rusportrait.ru/gal2/s6 - 19.jpg - portrait of M. Yu. Lermontov ( slide 11) http://im6 - tub - ru.yandex.net/i?id=494596110 - 18 - 72&n=21 – portrait of M. Gorky (slide 11) http://server.audiopedia.su:8888/staroeradio /images/pics/001529s.jpg - V. P. Astafiev (slide 11)

Transcript

1 “Interregional philological school “Springs of Russia” for teachers and children from rural schools” Competition of research works in the Russian language “Family language memory of generations” Topic of research work on literature The image of a Russian grandmother and childhood associations (based on the stories of V. P. Astafieva “Grandmother’s Holiday”, “Photo in which I am not”, “Horse with a pink mane”) research work Completed by: Sidenko Yulia, 10th grade MBOU “Kulundinskaya Secondary School 3” Kulundinsky district, Altai Territory Scientific supervisor: Elena Chernodarova Nikolaevna teacher of Russian language and literature Kulunda

2 Contents Introduction Chapter 1. Grandmother is an artistic and convincing type of Russian life.6-10 Chapter 2. Folk sayings as artistic and expressive means that make up the image of grandmother in the stories “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I’m not in”, “Horse with pink mane" Conclusion References 16 2

3 The homeland is dear to the heart not for its local beauties, not for its clear sky, not for its pleasant climate, but for its captivating memories surrounding, so to speak, the morning and the cradle of humanity. N. Karamzin Introduction It is generally accepted that the work of Viktor Astafiev is autobiographical. There is certainly a reason for this. Any work, in essence, is unthinkable outside the circumstances and events of the life of its author, even if it is devoted to a historical theme. But it would be more than strange to consider the image of Vitya Potylitsyn an exact copy of one character of the writer himself who created him. Astafiev's heroes are overwhelmingly his contemporaries. Their spiritual growth, their experiences and upheavals naturally corresponded to the life experience of their creator, but they were never limited to this experience, did not exhaust it, since these heroes entered literature at different stages of our history and at different periods of the writer’s life. The manner of Russian literature is to write characters and circumstances of life, and not to force plots out of nothing. The appeal to the work of V. P. Astafiev is due to the extraordinary personality of the writer himself, as well as the increased interest in 3

4 recently to his works, which teach us wisdom, mutual understanding and forgiveness. The topic of this research work: “The image of a Russian grandmother and associations of childhood” (based on the stories of V.P. Astafiev “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”). Hypothesis: if the image of the grandmother in the stories of V.P. Astafiev evokes associations associated with childhood, then unique verbal figures arise that make up the image of the grandmother, as a result of which a rational grain of the truly folk character of a Russian woman appears. The purpose of this research work: to study the image of a grandmother in the prose of V. P. Astafiev (based on the stories “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”). Objectives: 1. Explore the image of the grandmother in the stories of V.P. Astafiev “Grandma’s Holiday”, “The Photograph in which I am not”, “A Horse with a Pink Mane” and the associations that arise when the word “grandmother” is mentioned; 2. Determine the artistic and convincing type of Russian life in the writer’s stories; 3. Determine the meaning of dialectal, commonly used words, peculiar folk expressions, signs, proverbs, as artistic and expressive means that make up the image of the grandmother in the stories “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”. Object of this research work: 4

5 Grandmother, signs of childhood in the prose of V. P. Astafiev (based on the stories “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”). Subject of this research work: Stories by V.P. Astafiev “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a pink mane”. Methods of this research work: deduction, theoretical analysis of popular science literature about the meaning of the image of a grandmother in the works of V. P. Astafiev “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a Pink Mane”. Chapter 1. Grandmother - an artistic and convincing type of Russian life In the narratives of Russian writers about childhood, V. P. Astafiev’s book “The Last Bow” occupies a worthy place. Organically absorbing the achievements of Russian prose from Aksakov to Shmelev, it at the same time represents a special, unique poetic world. In “The Last Bow,” Tolstoy’s dialectics of the soul, and the “purity of moral feeling,” and Gorky’s “cruel” realism, and Bunin’s subtle lyricism, and Shmelev’s spirituality of objects and details of everyday life are perceptible. But the plot-compositional structure of the book, the breadth and depth of coverage of life material indicate an original artistic phenomenon. In returning to childhood, in touching a child’s soul, responsive, trusting and open to the world, perceiving it as something extraordinary, fabulous, Astafiev sees the best and, perhaps, the only opportunity to become human (10, p. 18). In the most charming, most significant, convincing and captivating way that runs through the entire story “The Last 5

6 bow,” is, of course, the image of grandmother Ekaterina Petrovna. It is extremely multifaceted in V. Astafiev’s depiction, three-dimensional and plastic. Ekaterina Petrovna, as her grandson once discovered, “is a very respected person in the village.” Noisy, brawling, and in her own way a unique village socialite. Ekaterina Petrovna is stern and decisive when necessary, but invariably full of kindness and inexhaustible optimism. (incident in the story “The Horse with a Pink Mane”, having dishonored his grandmother with strawberries by deceit), Vitka is waiting for a fair punishment. And indeed, Ekaterina Petrovna, justifying the nickname “general,” desperately scolds Vitka. The shamed and offended grandson feels remorse. But what a stunning surprise the wonderful fairy-tale picture was for him: “Across the scraped kitchen table, as if across a vast land, with arable lands, meadows and roads, a white horse with a pink mane was galloping on pink hooves” (2 P. 69). The dream gingerbread promised by grandma in exchange for strawberries, which Vitka, for obvious reasons, has already said goodbye to. If we translate the grandmother’s behavior (she still gives the carrot) into the language of “unofficial pedagogy,” then the grandmother punishes her grandson with kindness. Indeed, Vitka learns a lesson in “high ethics.” And it’s not just about understanding that you can’t deceive and betray loved ones, but about realizing the need to forgive. And grandmother forgives Vitya both out of her natural kindness and pity, and out of her ability to sensitively and subtly understand the orphan soul of the child. Because: “How many years have passed! How many events have passed? My grandfather is no longer alive, my grandmother is no longer alive, and my life is coming to an end, but I still can’t forget my grandmother’s gingerbread from that marvelous horse with a pink mane.” 6

7 Associated with childhood are memories of the kindest, most beloved and wisest person in our lives - our grandmother. In order to find out what associations arise when the word “grandmother” is mentioned, we conducted a survey among students at our school. As a result, a generalized portrait was created. So, grandmother, childhood, kindness, care, old age, neatness, wisdom, knowledge of medicinal herbs, wrinkles, scarf, pies, affectionate, fair, with glasses, prayer, gray hair, kind wrinkled hard-working hands, fairy tales, lullaby, mittens, felt boots, woolen socks. Let's correlate the associations with the specific image of the heroine (external portrait, internal qualities, author's attitude). Grandma Astafieva Ekaterina Petrovna combines many of these qualities and appears as the keeper of folk wisdom in the stories “Grandma’s Holiday,” “The Photograph in Which I’m Not in,” and “The Horse with a Pink Mane.” Let us remember how she treated the boy, how she steamed him in the bathhouse (the “caring” association). Grandmother knew many remedies for various diseases (the association “wisdom”). “At home, my grandmother gave me a spoonful of nasty vodka, infused with gristle, to warm the inside, and pickled lingonberries” (2, p. 183). Note that the grandmother, having returned from the city, nevertheless gave the boy the treasured horse with a pink mane (the association “wisdom”). Let us remember how she accommodated guests (the “care” association), and the grandmother with great diligence “knitted rolls, cut nuts” (the “pies” association). Everything about his grandmother is dear to Viktor Petrovich, which is why he “builds” her image so diligently, so carefully, bit by bit. 7

8 V.P. Astafiev can suddenly concentrate in one small episode all the simple and majestic beauty of Ekaterina Petrovna’s “big heart” - in an episode that organically echoes the chapter - the introduction, which openly talks about the purpose of art and the holiness of the great feeling for the homeland. Here - in the story “Grandma’s Holiday” - about the same thing, but passed through the grandmother’s soul: “The song about the river is drawn-out, majestic. Grandmother takes her out more and more confidently, making it more convenient for her to be picked up. And in the song she makes sure that the children feel good, that everything fits them well, and that the song awakens an indelible memory of their home, of the nest from which they flew, but which is not and will not be better (14, p. 161) . The writer's skill in identifying the hidden springs of the actions and actions of numerous characters in the story is revealed in all its internal completed episodes, but most fully, perhaps, where we are talking about the songs that were performed at the holiday. The perceived songs are so physically palpable by the child, which speaks of both the boy’s emotionality and the true place of song art in the peasant environment: “For some reason, my back immediately began to jar, and a chill ran through my whole body like a scattering of thorns from the enthusiasm that arose around me. The closer my grandmother brought the song to a common voice, the more intense her voice became and the paler her face, the thicker the needles pierced me, it seemed that the blood thickened and stopped in my veins” (14, p. 163). We also noticed one feature: the author very sweetly describes grandma’s flower pots. Ekaterina Petrovna loves beauty, flowers bring her joy: “Flowers sprinkled the windows, the bulb curled 8

9 dark gramophones, dropping dried petals on the window, waiting in the wings to please people” (7, p. 8). Here is V. Kurbatov’s opinion in relation to the image of Ekaterina Petrovna: “The main character of “Bow” is Vitka’s grandmother Ekaterina Petrovna, which is precisely why she will become our common Russian grandmother, because she will gather in herself, in a rare living completeness, everything that still remains in her native land strong, inherited, originally dear, which we somehow instinctively recognize as our own, as if it was shining for all of us and given in advance and forever. He will not embellish anything in it, he will leave behind his storm of character, his grumpiness, and his indispensable desire to be the first to point out everything and to give orders to everyone in the village (one word General). And she fights, suffers for her grandchildren, breaks into anger and tears, and begins to talk about life, and now, it turns out, there are no hardships in her for her grandmother.” Behind the ethical sketches, so innocently charming, deep philosophy emerges. The material world (a marvelous gingerbread or new tights pants), like poetic pictures of nature, are not valuable in themselves for the author. They act as certain intermediaries of warm human communication, spiritual contact between people, and introducing the child to the true values of life. And, becoming spiritualized in this process, the thing already acquires a certain moral meaning, being deposited in memory for a long time. 9

10 Chapter 2. Folk sayings as artistic and expressive means that make up the image of the grandmother in the stories “Grandma’s Holiday”, “The Photograph in which I am not”, “A Horse with a Pink Mane” It is known that sometimes works of art provide more material and facts for thought , for understanding a historical period than other scientific studies. “The Last Bow” belongs to such books. This is a kind of encyclopedia of the Siberian village of the thirties of the twentieth century. Almost the entire range of problems that the Siberian peasant had to face in those years is covered. There is a bright face in our soul that always attracts, is always infinitely dear. For the writer, this light was the grandmother. He considers her his main educator. The image of Ekaterina Petrovna runs through the entire book and is its core. Everything about this woman is touching: rare hard work, a gentle disposition, boundless kindness, high justice, tears of tenderness and hope for reward in the next world for earthly torment. And most importantly, ineradicable active love for the orphan grandson. Almost everything in the book is native to Ovsyanka, its people, the land of the writer’s fathers and grandfathers. He visibly and recognizably transferred much of what he saw and heard from his fellow countrymen into “The Last Bow” (13 P. 352). Perhaps it would not be worth dwelling in such detail on the meaning of folk sayings if they were not so organically connected with the general image of the grandmother in the stories of V.P. Astafiev. The ethical completeness, the completeness of the stories “rests” on the beauty of the grandmother’s character, this is indisputable, but also on the charm of the narrator himself, 10

11 who is present everywhere, participates in events or acutely experiences them. The narrator's memory and eye for detail captivates. Ten years after the appearance of the story “Grandma’s Holiday” in print, the author returned to it, no, he did not rewrite it, but edited it, thereby achieving great expressiveness. Nothing changed significantly, but something was removed or added, and the picture became different in lighting, in tempo, in unity with everything else previously found. The heroes of the story more often than before spoke with proverbs, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, or decorated their speech with fancy verbal figures (14, p. 165). It was not in vain that the demanding artist returned to the text of ten years ago: an edit, inconspicuous at first glance, enriched the story, made it more perfect in form and deeper. The grandmother's speech is expressive in all the stories. For example, the sayings “the forest will wither when it looks at the forest”, “the navel is a knot, the legs are round”, “the spirit will be a plowman, a plowman!”, “husband and wife are one Satan” (“Grandma’s Holiday”). Distorted commonly used, dialect words, peculiar folk expressions, signs, sayings: “rematism” (rheumatism), “prettier” (better), “tutoka” (here, here), “andela” (angels), “ne studisya” (not catch a cold), “molchi” (be silent), “robenok” (child), “baushka” (grandmother); “it was twisted with a hook”, “the moss sucks up the dampness”, “the ember does not allow the glass to freeze” (“Photograph in which I am not”); “eroplan” (airplane), “hot” (want), “headquarters” (so that), “kulturnay” (cultural), “now” (now) (“Horse with a pink mane”). eleven

12 Having studied the material Municipal budgetary educational institution Conclusion on the work of V. P. Astafiev, having examined the image of the grandmother in the writer’s stories, it should be noted that: - in the works “Grandma’s Holiday”, “Photograph in which I am not”, “Horse with a pink mane” "The image of the grandmother is one of the leading images; - the grandmother’s peculiar language, filled with proverbs, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms or fancy verbal figures that decorate the speech, reveals to us, the readers, the beauty and unique language of Siberia. Viktor Petrovich Astafiev presented his grandmother in his works as one of the main characters of his stories. It seems that the memory itself, which so pampered him, so tenacious and capacious, awakened precisely after the death of his mother, when he was already called “Vitka Katerinin” in Ovsyanka. The image of the grandmother, which runs like a red line through the prose of V.P. Astafiev, does not leave anyone indifferent, and in the thoughts of the readers a sweet image of the grandmother of their childhood appears. Thus, the writer’s stories have a practical orientation, awakening in the heart of every reader feelings of deep respect and admiration for the most important woman, the grandmother, who is able to forgive any sins, scold for disobedience and immediately caress and warm with an affectionate word. 12

13 *** This material can be used in literature lessons dedicated to V.P. Astafiev, at extracurricular activities and class hours. 13

14 References 1. Astafiev V.P. Stories. Stories. M Astafiev V.P. Last bow. Tale. M. “Contemporary” Astafiev V.P. Theft. Last bow. M Kozhevnikova Z. A. With love about the good and eternal The story of V. P Astafiev “A horse with a pink mane” // Literature at school Kurbatov V. Ya. Moment and eternity. Krasnoyarsk Meshalkin A. N. The treasured book of V. P. Astafiev. The world of childhood, kindness and beauty in the story “The Last Bow” // Literature at school Popok V. “Our fellow countryman Viktor Astafiev” // Kuzbass (reading circle) The river of life of Viktor Astafiev (according to the pages of publications) / Comp. V. G. Shvetsova. Krasnoyarsk: IPC "KASS" Kholomiev N. G. Pink horse of childhood. V. P. Astafiev’s story “A Horse with a Pink Mane” in the context of the story “The Last Bow” // Literature at school N. Yanovsky. Victor Astafiev. M. “Soviet writer”

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Each of us has a person in our lives who cares about us the most, worries us, tries to please us, feeds us with various goodies, and also gives wise advice. This person is a grandmother. And probably no one will deny that there are grandmothers in every family, and that they occupy a very important place in it. It is grandmothers, thanks to their wisdom, love, tenderness and understanding, who are often the secret of family well-being.

The role of the grandmother is very important, since it is the grandmother who is able to raise

spiritually developed person, to convey to him your life experience and your wisdom. Personally, I believe that grandmother is the spiritual basis of the modern family.

But how often teenagers underestimate their grandmothers and believe that their views are outdated and do not correspond to the modern rhythm of life. In the 21st century, grandmother is no longer an example for young people. Modern young people have completely different authorities, different heroes, often negative ones.

The problem of relationships and spiritual values among young people, the decline in the role of the family (and in particular the role of the grandmother) in raising children is a common problem for the entire Russian society. And therefore my research is quite relevant today.

I set myself the following target :

determine what the role of the grandmother is in the development and formation of personality, tracing this through the example of works of art and conversations with classmates.

In order to achieve this goal, you need to solve the following tasks:

Conduct a survey to identify the role of a grandmother in a person’s life.

Study the biography of writers and poets and find out what the role of grandmother is in their lives.

Study and analyze works of art

literature dedicated to my grandmother.

Explain that the role of a grandmother in a person’s life is very important.

Object of study :

the process of grandmothers’ influence on the formation of a child’s personality.

Subject of study:

biography of famous writers, works about grandmothers, interviews with classmates.

Research hypothesis :

prove that the role of the grandmother in shaping the personality of the younger generation is very great.

Selection of scientific and fiction literature, its study and analysis.

Study Internet sites on this topic.

Conducting surveys, processing results.

Writing a project.

1.3.Methods and techniques of work

To achieve this goal we used the following methods:

method of collecting information (studying popular science and fiction literature, observation);

method of statistical analysis and diagnostics of the obtained data (calculations, diagrams);

descriptive method;

comparative method;

survey.

The results of the study can be used in literature lessons when studying the relevant topic, during class hours.

2. Main part

2.1. The concept of "grandmother"

I began my research by deciding to find out where the word “grandmother” came from? I looked into several explanatory dictionaries (“New explanatory dictionary. Explanatory and word-formative” by T.N. Efremova, “Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language” by S.I. Ozhegov, “Big explanatory dictionary of the modern Russian language” by D.N. Ushakov) and here what I learned:

In all dictionaries, this word means “old woman” or “mother of a father or mother in relation to their child.”

I wonder what can be said about the origin of this word in Russian. The etymological dictionary is silent about this. Some are of the opinion that when a small child begins to speak, it is easiest for him to pronounce: “ma-ma,” “ba-ba,” “de-da.” Such an explanation cannot shed light on the etymology of the word. The question remains open. It turns out that in different countries the word “grandmother” is not only pronounced differently, but also takes a different social position in relation to grandchildren.

For example, American grandmothers do not live under the same roof with their grandchildren, they have their own lives. They come to visit and give gifts. In France Nobody considers grandmothers to be grandmothers; they are very active, like to dress smartly, organize meetings and evenings with friends. IN Spain Grandmothers do not babysit their children at all. Never! A woman devotes all her free time to herself. Therefore, it is mainly private nannies who work with little Spaniards. And only in Russia It’s hard to imagine a Russian family without a grandmother. The Russian grandmother takes an active part in the lives of her children and grandchildren. She takes part in all family activities, from breakfast to checking homework.

Yes, the word “grandmother” exists in all languages, but only in Russian it is filled with a special meaning. Russian grandmothers are the most attentive: they teach us, bake delicious pies, they are the most beloved and kind teachers for kids. And it doesn’t matter whether this grandmother is modern or not. After all, grandmothers are a feeling of a happy childhood!

2.2. The image of grandmother in fairy tales

The image of the grandmother and her role in raising children has long been given great attention, because it is not for nothing that people have made them the heroines of many literary works. From early childhood we hear, and then read ourselves, Russian folk tales: “Kolobok”, “Snow Maiden”, “Turnip”, “Masha and the Bear”, “Grandmother, Granddaughter and Chicken”, “Grandma and the Bear” and many others in which one of the characters is a grandmother. But it was not only in our country that tales about grandmothers were told. Foreign writers and storytellers also mentioned them: “Little Red Riding Hood” by C. Perrault, “Mistress Snowstorm” by the Brothers Grimm, “The Snow Queen” and “Grandmother” by H.H. Andersen. In each fairy tale, the grandmother is different: sometimes she is old, wearing glasses and slippers, reading fairy tales to her grandchildren in the evenings; then this is an ugly, at first glance, stern, elderly woman; sometimes constantly doing something around the house, but all these grandmothers have one thing in common - boundless love for their grandchildren, wisdom, constant care for someone.

Rereading these fairy tales several times, we fall more and more in love with their characters - grandmothers. And every time we feel some kind of incomprehensible warmth emanating from them.

2.3 The image of a grandmother in works of art

When studying the image of my grandmother, I did not stop only at the study of fairy tales. Having become acquainted in literature lessons with V. Astafiev’s story “The Horse with a Pink Mane,” in which one of the main characters was also a grandmother, I assumed that many writers had turned to this image. Having become interested, I read two more stories by V. Astafiev: “Grandma’s Holiday” and “Photograph in which I am not.”

These stories are autobiographical. Astafiev’s image of a grandmother is the personification of childhood. You can admire her, you can learn a lot from her. Her severity, temper, constant grumbling sometimes frighten her grandson (and not only her grandson), even force her to hide and not catch her eye: “it was already dark when my grandmother found Sanka and me on the ridge, she whipped both of us with a rod,” “having searched for me in the dark, First of all, she gave me a slap on the wrist.” However, despite this, in all her actions there is an immense concern for her family and friends (especially her grandson): the grandmother treated the boy, rubbed his feet thoroughly with ammonia for a long time, until they were dry, then wrapped them in an old down shawl, as if she had covered them with warm sponge, yes She also threw on a sheepskin coat and wiped the tears from her grandson’s face with her palm effervescent from alcohol; In the morning, the grandmother took the boy to the bathhouse - he could no longer walk, rubbed his feet for a long time with a steamed birch broom, warmed them over steam from hot stones, hovered all over him through a rag, dipping the broom in bread kvass, and finally rubbed them again with ammonia.

Astafiev associates grandmother with wisdom: after returning from the city, she nevertheless gave her grandson the treasured horse with a pink mane, so that the child would remember this story of deception properly, and of course, after this the boy is unlikely to deceive not only his grandmother, but also someone else.

In all his stories, she has so much knowledge, which she unobtrusively passes on to her grandchildren: “at home, my grandmother gave me a spoonful of nasty vodka infused with gristle to warm my insides, and pickled lingonberries, after all this she gave me milk boiled with poppy seeds”; “In the upper room, between the frames, the grandmother put cotton wool with a roller and threw three or four rowan rosettes with leaves on top of the white - and that’s all. In the middle and in the kuti, the grandmother placed moss mixed with lingonberries between the frames. A few birch coals on the moss, a heap of rowan between the coals - and already without leaves. Grandmother explained this quirk this way: “Moss sucks up dampness.” Coal prevents glass from freezing, and rowan prevents frost. There’s a stove here, damn it.”

The image of a grandmother is the image of a wonderful housewife: her room is always clean, and the linen is washed, and the food is cooked, “the grandmother with great diligence “knitted rolls, cut nuts”,” and she began to prepare for the arrival of her relatives for the holiday six months in advance : collected eggs, fattened a bull or heifer for meat, churned butter. She herself went to the other side of the river to the city to sell berries and buy food with the proceeds. I didn’t “spend” my money anywhere, I didn’t lend much so that they could pay it back.

And if guests gathered in the house, then the grandmother was the best singer, “...and in the song she makes sure that the children feel good...and the song would awaken an indelible memory of their home, of the nest from which they flew, but better which is not and will not be"

The image of the grandmother is complemented by peculiar folk sayings. Her speech is expressive in all stories. For example, the sayings “he looks at the forest - the forest withers”, “the navel is a knot, the legs are round”, “husband and wife are one Satan.” Distorted common, dialect words, folk expressions enrich the image of the grandmother: “rematism” (rheumatism), “pretty” (better), “tutoka” (here, here), “andela” (angels), “don’t get cold” (don’t get cold) , “robenok” (child), “baushka” (grandmother), ek twisted him with a hook,” “eroplan” (airplane), “want” (want), “headquarters” (so that), “teperecha” (now).

This grandmother, the main character of V. Astafiev’s stories, became our common Russian grandmother, who collected in herself, in a rare living completeness, everything that was still left in her native land of the strong, hereditary, primordial native, that we, with some kind of extra-word instinct, We recognize it as our own, as if it was shining for all of us and given in advance and forever.

2.4. The role of grandmothers in raising famous writers

Grandmother is an important person in everyone's life. This becomes especially relevant when the grandmother has to replace some important person in the child’s life. Let us remember Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, the grandmother of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.

Elizaveta Stolypina was born into a wealthy and very famous noble family in Rus'. She was the eldest daughter of Alexei Emelyanovich Stolypin, an economical and wealthy man. Elizabeth, who inherited all the best traits from her parents, grew up to be a sensible and businesslike woman, with an uncompromising and strong character. But her fate was destined for the traditional female role - mother and wife. Having lost her daughter early, she was left in her arms with a little grandson - Misha, the future poet Mikhail Lermontov. Elizaveta Alekseevna gave everything to raising her grandson: she took the weak Misha to resorts, hired him the best teachers, did not refuse him anything and saved for his future life, and in his adult life more than once, taking advantage of her influential position, saved him from arrest and hard labor. And having learned in 1841 about the death of Mikhail, his health finally weakened, he ceased to see the meaning and purpose of his future life, and in 1845 he died.

Fig.2 E.A. Arsenyev

Fig.1 M.Yu. Lermontov

Viktor Petrovich Astafiev, who was left early without his mother (drowned) and father (arrested), also remains in the care of his grandmother Ekaterina Petrovna Potylitsyna. As the author later said, the years spent with his grandmother were the best in his life. And he owes many of his moral qualities to his grandmother, who raised in him love, respect, patience,

Fig.3 V.P.Astafiev

kindness, honesty, responsiveness, which taught him to preserve traditions, honor elders, and experience the joy of working for the benefit of himself and others. It is to his grandmother that the grateful grandson-writer dedicates a series of his stories. "Grandmother! Grandmother! Guilty before you, I’m trying to resurrect you in my memory, tell people about you.”

Fig.4. E.P. Potylitsyna

Another famous writer Maxim Gorky (Alyosha Peshkov) in his biographical story talks about his grandmother. If Gorky owes his genius to any of his ancestors, it is only to his grandmother Akulina Ivanovna Kashirina. Living for a long time body and soul in the closest

Fig.5 M. Gorky

touching his grandmother Akulina, Gorky absorbed the juices of her folk genius, which formed the basis of his brilliant work.

Fig.6 A.I. Kashirina

In the life of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin there were two grandmothers who raised him. Maternal grandmother - Maria Alekseevna Hannibal. She surrounded her beloved grandson with maternal attention and was his first teacher in the Russian language (French was the spoken language in the house). Pushkin listened to her stories about the Blackamoor of Peter the Great, her grandfather, Rzhevsky, to

Fig.7 A.S. Pushkin

to whom Tsar Peter traveled, about recent antiquity...” For A.S. She was the closest person to Pushkin. From her, the future great poet heard family legends, which were later reflected in his work: the unfinished novel “Arap of Peter the Great”, “Plans for the Tale of the Archer”, in the poem “Yezersky”, in “My Pedigree”.

Fig.8 M.A. Hannibal

grandmother - Yakovleva Arina Rodionovna - nanny A.S. Pushkin. It was from her that Pushkin first heard about the hut on chicken legs, and the fairy tale about the dead princess and the seven heroes, and it was to her that he dedicated his poems.

“Literary” grandmothers had a great influence on the upbringing of their grandchildren, and, I think, played a role in their development as decent, kind people. And we, the readers, together with the main characters, admire the grandmothers, learn from them wisdom, patience, and love.

Fig.9 A. R. Yakovleva

Sociological research

Conducting a survey

While researching this topic, I decided to find out the opinions of my classmates about the role of grandmothers in education. I asked them the following questions:

How often do you see your grandmother?

What do you like to do with your grandma in your free time?

What did your grandmother teach you?

What should a grandmother be like?

What is your grandmother like: kind or strict?

What works have you read that talk about grandmothers?

In the lives of which famous writers and poets did their grandmothers play a huge role? Name writers and grandmothers.

It turned out to be very interesting information for me. An analysis of the results of a survey conducted in our class showed that

that almost 50% of children see their grandmothers on weekends, 20% see her only on vacation, because their grandmothers live far from them. And 30% see their grandmother every day.

In addition, answers were received to the following questions:

2. What do you like to do with your grandmother in your free time? It turns out that you can do whatever you want with your grandmother! Drink tea, chat, walk, play, visit, read, go shopping. You can also embroider, knit, and study the planets! And much more 3. What did your grandmother teach you? There were many different and interesting answers to this question. Grandmother taught some to read, some to do homework, some to sing, and to sew. And someone digs potatoes in the garden and picks berries with their grandmother. And that's great! 4. What should a grandmother be like? Only the warmest words were said to this, such as: wise, beautiful, kind and affectionate, cheerful, mysterious, modern and unpredictable.

5. What is your grandmother like: kind or strict?

Almost everyone answered this question that they have the kindest grandmother in the world!

What works have you read that talk about grandmothers?

80% of students answered this question - V. Astafiev “Horse with a pink mane”

50% remembered K. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” and the same number of students named Andersen’s fairy tale “The Snow Queen”

40% named the fairy tale by Charles Perrault “Little Red Riding Hood”

And almost all the students named Russian folk tales, such as “Turnip”, “Snow Maiden” and others.

In the lives of which famous writers and poets did their grandmothers play a huge role? Name writers and grandmothers.

It turned out that all the students in our class remember nanny A.S. Pushkina, telling him bedtime stories and raising him, but only 60% remember that her name was Arina Rodionovna.

70% remembered grandmother M.Yu. Lermontov, but only 40% were able to say her name

50% named V.P. Astafiev, who wrote biographical stories about his grandmother; Only 10% could remember her name.

During the sociological research, I found out that for every student in our class, grandmother is one of the most beloved family members; she plays a huge role in the life of her grandchildren: she takes care of them, educates them, and teaches them a lot. Our grandmothers are the most beautiful, wise, generous, affectionate and we have a lot of fun with them. Sixth-graders know famous writers and poets, whose grandmothers played a large role in their development. They read and know works about grandmothers, really evaluate their actions and, together with the characters, draw important conclusions for themselves.

Conclusion

During my research, I found out that the word “grandmother” exists in all languages, but only in Russian it is filled with a special meaning. Only Russian grandmothers are the most attentive, kind and wise.

I learned that the development of many famous writers and poets as creative individuals was greatly influenced by their grandmothers; that it is to them that they dedicate some of their stories, fairy tales, poems, by reading which we also have the opportunity to receive some kind of moral lessons.

I became convinced that the role of the grandmother in shaping the personality of the younger generation is very great. Grandmothers take care of us while our parents are at work, look after us during illnesses, sit with us when our parents go to visit in the evenings, thereby to some extent making their work easier for parents, helping them relieve stress and overload. Grandmothers expand the social horizons of the child, who, thanks to them, leaves the close family confines and gains direct experience of communicating with older people. Many teenagers think that a grandmother is an elderly person who does not understand anything, but in fact, a grandmother always understands all the tastes of her baby , whom she has known since the cradle. Grandmother always knows how to help and what is the right advice to give to her grandson, because during her long and perhaps mysterious life for some, she has seen a lot.

And therefore, we, children, and adults too, must take care of our grandmothers, because this is a piece of our soul...our present and past. After all, grandmothers are a feeling of a happy childhood! Grandma's love gives you self-confidence for life!

Used literature and Internet sources

Astafiev V.P. "Grandma's Holiday"

Astafiev V.P. "Horse with a pink mane"

Astafiev V.P. "Photo where I'm not in"

Efremova T.N. “New explanatory dictionary. Explanatory and word-formative"

Ozhegov S.I. “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”

Savkina I. “We will never have these grandmothers again”? Literary today // Questions of literature, 2011. - No. 2

Ushakov D.N. "Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Russian Language"

Tsyavlovsky M.A. Chronicle of the life and work of A.S. Pushkin. 1799-1826. L. 1991.

http://shkolazhizni.ru/family/articles/44089/

https://yandex.ru/images/search?text

Annex 1.

Photo 1. Grave of A.I. Kashirina.

M. Gorky wrote the story “Childhood”, where in the image of the main character he brought out an autobiographical character - Alyosha Peshkov. All events and heroes of the work are depicted by the writer through the perception of a little boy.

The image of the grandmother whom Alyosha loved so much helps to reveal the character of the main character more deeply.

The grandmother is the complete opposite of her grandfather and her husband: affectionate, kind, ready to help everyone. The grandmother is very worried about the constant quarrels of her sons, and is dissatisfied with the severity of the grandfather. What especially stood out on the grandmother’s face were the eyes, thanks to which the heroine “shone from within... with an unquenchable, cheerful and warm light.”

The grandmother’s character is soft, compliant, she loves people from the bottom of her heart, knows how to appreciate true beauty, and is attached to home: “I remember my grandmother’s childhood joy at the sight of Nizhny.” It is the inconspicuous grandmother who becomes a kind angel for Alyosha, protecting the boy from evil people and difficult living conditions. It was she who grabbed the hero in her arms when his grandfather punished him for ruining the tablecloth. Grandmother did not know how to hold a grudge for a long time, to be cruel. People took advantage of her kindness, but she never complained about life. Living with her grandmother, Alyosha listens every evening to stories about the life of the Kashirin family. When it came to the business life of the family, the grandmother “speaking laughingly, aloofly, somehow from a distance, like a neighbor, and not the second eldest in the house.”

Material goods were not the heroine’s life values. Pity and compassion for people are the main qualities of the grandmother’s character, which is why she worries and suffers after the death of her foundling, Gypsy. The wise woman perceives the difficulties encountered in life as God’s tests, this is what she tells her grandson about Vanya the Gypsy: “Grandfather wanted to take Vanya to the police, but I dissuaded him: let’s take him for ourselves; This is what God sent us to those places that died. After all, I had eighteen births... but the Lord loved my blood, took everything and even made my children into angels. I’m both sorry and happy!” During the fire: “illuminated by the fire, which seemed to catch her, black, she rushed around the yard, keeping pace everywhere, in charge of everything, seeing everything.” Having become practically beggars, Alyosha was forced to beg. He brought small crumbs to his grandmother, who “looked at them and cried silently,” worrying about the future of her grandson.

The grandmother’s entire life was spent for the benefit of people, so her image was imprinted for a long time in the mind of the main character. A wise woman smoothes out the “leaden abominations of wild Russian life”, spiritually enriching the difficult lives of people.

(Option 2)

The young grandson describes the grandmother, watching her, talking to her, listening to her, he gets to know people and the world. The grandmother was “round, big-headed, with huge eyes and a funny loose nose... soft and surprisingly interesting,” “stooped, almost hunchbacked, and she moved easily and deftly, like a big cat.” This is only a description of her appearance, but here are observations: “She was all dark, but she shone from the inside - through her eyes - with an unquenchable, cheerful and warm light.”

Her life was truly dark: she begged for alms with her disabled mother, then mastered the skill of a lacemaker, was married off at the age of fourteen, gave birth to her first child by the age of fifteen, had eighteen children, of whom only three survived. My husband has been beating me brutally all my life, and not a word in response, he justifies everything: “He’s angry, it’s hard for him, the old man, everything’s a failure... Don’t feel too sorry for me... I’m also to blame.” Sons are beasts, but they all rush to their defense and teach their grandson: “Who is to blame for what is none of your business. The Lord judges and punishes." What saved her, gave her inner light? “She knew countless fairy tales, stories and poems,” “she danced as if she were telling something,” talked with God (“He will understand. Whatever you say to him, he will understand...”) and the Mother of God (“Source of joy, most pure beauty, apple tree in bloom!..”) as with equals, with horses (“What, child? What, kitten? Want to play pranks? Well, indulge, God’s fun!”), birds, plants, brownies. There is a lot of strength, inner fire, restlessness of life in her: “Grandmother cooked, sewed, dug in the garden and in the garden, spun all day like a huge head over heels driven by an invisible whip, sniffed tobacco, sneezed deliciously and said, wiping her sweaty face: “Hello , honest peace, forever and ever! During the fire, she kept up with everything: she managed to order the icons to be taken out of the house and the children to be taken away, to take out the vitriol from the workshop, to stop the horse, to organize and thank the neighbors; with burnt hands after a fire, she gave birth. Five townspeople beat a man - the grandmother rushes to the rescue, waving a yoke. Listen to the comments about this woman from your grandfather (“Hooray, you blessed fool... you don’t feel sorry for anything...”), your grandson (“You are absolutely a saint, they torture and torture you, but you don’t care!”).

Neither wealth nor poverty, neither sorrow nor joy changes it. “And the grandmother herself, as if cast from copper, is unchangeable,” like life itself.