A collection of ideal social studies essays. Daniil Granin - this strange life About man and society

It's a strange life

I wanted to talk about this person in a way that would stick to the facts and would be interesting. It is quite difficult to combine both of these requirements. Facts are interesting when you don't have to stick to them. One could try to find some fresh technique and, using it, build an entertaining plot from the facts. So that there is mystery and struggle and danger. And so that with all this, authenticity is maintained.

It was customary to portray, for example, this man as a united lone fighter against powerful opponents. One against all. Even better - all against one. Injustice immediately attracts sympathy. But in reality it was just one against all. He attacked. He was the first to attack and crush. The meaning of his scientific struggle was quite complex and controversial. It was a real scientific struggle, where no one manages to be completely right. It was possible to attribute a simpler problem to him, to invent it, but then it would have been inconvenient to leave his real name. Then it was necessary to abandon many other surnames. But then no one would have believed me. In addition, I wanted to pay tribute to this man, to show what a person is capable of.

Of course, authenticity got in the way and tied my hands. It's much easier to deal with a fictional hero. He is both flexible and frank - the author knows all his thoughts and intentions, both his past and his future.

I had another task: to introduce all the useful information to the reader, to give descriptions - of course, amazing, surprising, but, unfortunately, unsuitable for a literary work. They were more likely suitable for a popular science essay. Imagine inserting a description of fencing in the middle of The Three Musketeers. The reader will probably skip these pages. And I had to force the reader to read my information, since this is the most important thing...

I wanted a lot of people to read about it, and that’s basically why this thing was started.

...It was also quite possible to get hooked on the secret. The promise of a secret, a mystery - it always attracts, especially since this mystery is not invented: I really struggled for a long time with the diaries and archive of my hero, and everything that I learned from there was a discovery for me, a clue to the secret of an amazing life.

However, to be honest, this secret is not accompanied by adventures, pursuit, and is not associated with intrigue and danger.

The secret is about how to live better. And here, too, you can arouse curiosity by declaring that this thing - about the most instructive example of the best structure of life - provides a unique System of Life.

“Our System allows you to achieve great success in any field, in any profession!”

“The system ensures the highest achievements with the most ordinary abilities!”

“You do not get an abstract system, but a guaranteed one, proven by many years of experience, accessible, productive...”

“Minimum costs - maximum effect!”

"The best in the world!.."

One could promise to tell the reader about an outstanding person of the 20th century unknown to him. To give a portrait of a moral hero, with such high moral rules that now seem old-fashioned. The life he lived is outwardly the most ordinary, in some ways even unlucky; from the point of view of the average person, he is a typical loser, but in his inner sense he was a harmonious and happy person, and his happiness was of the highest standard. Frankly, I thought that people of this scale had evolved, they were dinosaurs...

Just as in the old days they discovered the earth, just as astronomers discovered the stars, so a writer may be lucky enough to discover a person. There are great discoveries of characters and types: Goncharov discovered Oblomov, Turgenev - Bazarov, Cervantes - Don Quixote.

This was also a discovery, not of a universal type, but as if personal, mine, and not of a type, but rather of an ideal; however, this word did not fit either. Lyubishchev was also not suitable for the ideal...

I sat in a large, uncomfortable audience. The bare bulb harshly illuminated the gray hair and bald heads, the smooth comb-overs of graduate students, the long shaggy hair and fashionable wigs and curly blackness of blacks. Professors, doctors, students, journalists, historians, biologists... Most of all there were mathematicians, because it happened at their faculty - the first meeting in memory of Alexander Alexandrovich Lyubishchev.

I didn't expect so many people to come. And especially for young people. Perhaps they were driven by curiosity. Because they knew little about Lyubishchev. Either a biologist or a mathematician. Amateur? Amateur? Seems like an amateur. But the postal official from Toulouse - the great Fermat - was also an amateur... Lyubishchev - who is he? Either a vitalist, or a positivist or an idealist, in any case, a heretic.

And the speakers did not clarify either. Some considered him a biologist, others - a historian of science, others - an entomologist, others - a philosopher...

Each speaker had a new Lyubishchev. Everyone had their own interpretation, their own assessments.

For some, Lyubishev turned out to be a revolutionary, a rebel, challenging the dogmas of evolution and genetics. Others imagined the kindest figure of a Russian intellectual, inexhaustibly tolerant of his opponents.

- ...In any philosophy, living critical and creative thought was valuable to him!

-...His strength was in the continuous generation of ideas, he posed questions, he awakened thought!

- ...As one of the great mathematicians noted, brilliant geometers propose a theorem, talented ones prove it. So he was the proposer.

-...He was too scattered, he should have focused on systematics and not wasted himself on philosophical problems.

- ...Alexander Alexandrovich is an example of concentration, purposefulness of the creative spirit, he consistently throughout his life...

-...The gift of mathematics determined his worldview...

- ...The breadth of his philosophical education allowed him to rethink the problem of the origin of species.

-...He was a rationalist!

-...Vitalist!

-...A dreamer, an enthusiastic person, an intuitionist!

They had been familiar with Lyubishchev and his works for many years, but each talked about the Lyubishchev they knew.

They had, of course, represented his versatility before. But only now, listening to each other, they realized that each knew only part of Lyubishchev.

I had spent the week before reading his diaries and letters, delving into the history of the preoccupations of his mind. I started reading without a purpose. Just other people's letters. Just well-written testimonies of someone else’s soul, past anxieties, past anger, memorable for me too, because I once thought about the same thing, but didn’t think of it...

I soon became convinced that I did not know Lyubishchev. That is, I knew, I met him, I understood that he was a rare person, but I did not suspect the scale of his personality. With shame, I admitted to myself that I considered him an eccentric, a wise, sweet eccentric, and it was bitter that I missed many opportunities to be with him. I had planned to go to see him in Ulyanovsk so many times, and everything seemed to work out in time.

Once again life taught me not to put anything off. Life, if you think about it, is a patient caretaker, it again and again brought me together with the most interesting people of our century, but I was in a hurry and often hurried past, putting it off for later. Why did I put it off, why was I in a hurry? Now these past hurries seem so insignificant, and the losses so offensive and, most importantly, irreparable.

The student who was sitting next to me shrugged his shoulders in bewilderment, unable to combine the contradictory stories of the speakers into one.

Only a year passed after Lyubishchev's death - and it was no longer possible to understand what he really was like.

The departed belongs to everyone, nothing can be done about it. The speakers selected from Lyubishchev what they liked or what they needed as arguments. While telling stories, they also built their own stories. Over the years, their portraits will turn out to be something average, or rather, an acceptable average, devoid of contradictions, mysteries - smoothed out and barely recognizable.

This average will be explained, it will be determined where he was wrong and where he was ahead of his time, and will be made completely understandable. And lifeless. If he gives in, of course. Above the pulpit hung a large photograph in a black frame - an old bald man, wrinkling his drooping nose, scratching the back of his head. He looked puzzledly, either at the audience or at the speakers, as if deciding what else he could do. And it was clear that all these clever speeches and theories now had nothing to do with that old man who could no longer be seen and who was so needed now. I'm too used to him being there. It was enough for me to know that somewhere there was a person with whom I could talk about everything and ask about everything.

When a person dies, many things become clear, many things become known. And our attitude towards the deceased is summed up. I felt this in the speakers' speeches. There was certainty about them. Lyubishchev’s life appeared complete before them, now they decided to think it over and summarize it. And it was clear that now many of his ideas would receive recognition, many of his works would be published and republished. For some reason, the dead have more rights, they are allowed more...

Lesson 2. Comment on the problem. Practice.

Task 1. Read the text, highlight and comment on the problem of the text. State the author's position. When commenting, you can use prompts - material for an essay.

At almost every step we contribute to the destruction of wildlife. There are many such examples that can be given. And all this happens only because a simple life principle is violated: if you can, do not bother others. The great French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry put wise words into the mouth of one of his heroes: “You are responsible for those you have tamed.” While proud of our intelligence and strength, we should not forget that man, in essence, has only recently stepped over the fine line that separates him from the animal. And there is not absolute reason in us, but only the first glimpses of it.

To better understand the need to protect nature, we must determine what we owe to the animal world, besides the fact that we ourselves are its representatives.

(According to A. Ageev)

Material for essay:

According to Ageev, in its attitude towards the world, humanity should be guided by a simple principle... It is no coincidence that the author quotes... These words remind us that... Indeed, a person should not forget that...

Task 2. Read the text, highlight and comment on the problem of the text. State the author's position. When commenting, you can use prompts - material for an essay.

No matter how passionate a person is about history, sports or mathematics, he must be cultured enough to do all the necessary things without disgust.

After all, what is culture? We call cultural everything that is processed in the interests of man and in the traditions of society, to which efforts are made. Cultural is the opposite of wild. The wild apple tree produces sour, wrinkled fruits that you can’t put into your mouth. The apple tree we worked on produces large, beautiful and tasty fruits. This is a cultivated plant. It’s the same in a person: he has a culture of thought if he studied a lot, and a culture of behavior if he was raised well, and a culture of body if he went in for sports. What about the culture of feelings? A culture of desire? Culture of interests? These types of culture also do not come by themselves; they also require work, education and self-education. Otherwise, what emerges is a wild man, a wild man among developed, cultured people. The savage today is not the one who walks around in a loincloth and eats raw meat - the savage is the one to whom no effort has been made to educate, and therefore he does not know how to control himself, his body, his movements, feelings, interests.

(According to S. Soloveichik)

Materials for essay:

What's happened…? What kind of person can be called...? Such questions attracted the attention of Simon Soloveitchik.

Reflecting on the problem posed, the author emphasizes what is usually called cultural... Soloveitchik gives an analogy between... (The author compares...). The publicist writes about... In his opinion, a savage these days is...

Task 3. Read the text, highlight and comment on the problem of the text. State the author's position. When commenting, you can use prompts - material for an essay.

How brighter life would be if every person could know what he is capable of! After all, everyone can do much more than he thinks - he is braver than he thinks himself, and more resilient, and stronger, and more adaptable. During the hungry winter of the Leningrad blockade, we saw enough of the miracles of human souls. It is the soul, first of all, the soul, because in these exhausted bodies, eaten away by torment, the energy of the soul and its perseverance were amazing. Theoretically, even medicine could not imagine an organism capable of enduring so much hardship. For humans - as for steel, conductors, concrete - there are limits to permissible loads. And suddenly it turned out that these limits could be surpassed and people could live not by physical forces - they did not exist, they were exhausted, and people continued to live and act with forces not provided for by medicine: love for the Motherland, hatred, anger.

But even in everyday life there are such unexpected hours when a person realizes himself with extraordinary completeness. From God knows where, strength will surge, the mind will sharpen, the imagination will boil...

An essay based on the text by D. Granin “Childhood”.

KIM -1 on Sat. I.P. Tsybulko (2017)

What is childhood for us? This is a happy, carefree time, a time of discovery, knowledge of the world around us, endless happiness and fun. Over time, life presents its own lessons that can disappoint. That’s why I so want to find my childhood island in my memories again and hide there from all my problems.

What is the value of childhood memories? The famous Russian writer Daniil Granin ponders this question.

Involving the reader in the conversation, the author of the text says that childhood “was the happiest time” in his life, “the kingdom of freedom,” “not only external, but also internal.” With delight and warm feelings, he lists the reasons that caused this delight before, but remained a bright spot in his memory: grass on which one could run barefoot, carrot pies, millet porridge with pumpkin, “sweet foggy dreams.” D. Granin draws our attention to the fact that in childhood he had moments of disappointment and tears, he “cryed there too and was unhappy,” “but all this was completely forgotten, only the charm of that life remained.”

My childhood memories are the most unforgettable. Over time, everything bad is forgotten, only bright, interesting pages, the warmth and comfort of home remain in memory. This is the value of childhood memories - this is the writer’s position.

I agree with her. Indeed, over the years, the bitterness of grievances and disappointments is erased, not the best memories fade from memory, only feelings of indescribable freedom and inspiration, “simple” happiness and warmth. From the height of the years we have lived and life's trials, childhood years seem to many of us to be a small paradise, when all our dreams and desires came true.

In the well-known novel by Ivan Goncharov “Oblomov”, the main character experiences such happiness when remembering the “paradise”, the estate of his parents. This blessed corner where the already adult Ilya wants to hide from the storms of life. In the hero's childhood memories there is only carefree parental love, heavenly landscapes and a blissful life in an endless fairy tale. And even dangers, dragons and monsters are not so terrible when his loved ones are nearby. As an adult, Oblomov, having forgotten about all his sorrows and fears, retained in his memory the sweet sensations of childhood, which were especially valuable to him.

But there are other books about childhood. In the famous story “Good Intentions” by Albert Likhanov, we learn about the childhood world of orphans abandoned by their parents for various reasons. Will these children have warm and tender memories of their childhood? The author claims no. And this becomes clear after reading the work. Even a variety of clothes and toys, a large number of events and trips cannot replace a child with the warmth of his mother’s hands, his father’s care and the atmosphere of home comfort.

“We all come from childhood.” That “small country” that contributed to our growing up, gave us magical moments of inspiration and joy. Years will certainly pass, a person will become an adult and, as it seems to him, wise, but childhood memories will remain in the soul forever, because the value of these memories is undeniable. (357 words)

(7) After all, everyone can do more than he thinks - he is braver than he thinks himself, and more resilient, and stronger, and more adaptable. (8) During the hungry winter of the Leningrad blockade, we saw enough of the miracles of human souls. ( 9) It was the soul, first of all the soul, because in these exhausted bodies, eaten away by torment, the energy of the soul and its perseverance were amazing. (10) Theoretically, even medicine could not imagine an organism capable of enduring so many hardships. (11) For humans, as for steel, for concrete, there are limits of permissible loads. (12) And suddenly it turned out that these limits can be surpassed and people can live not by physical forces - they did not exist, they were exhausted, and people continued to live and act with forces not provided for by medicine: love for the Motherland, hatred, anger towards enemies. (13)During the blockade, it was not death that was striking - it was legal during the war, it was survivability that was striking: the fact that we clear trenches of snow, carry shells, and fight.(14) The heroism of war is an exception. (15) But even in everyday life there are such unexpected hours when a person realizes himself with extraordinary fullness: from nowhere - strength will surge, and the mind will sharpen, and the imagination will boil... (16) Writers call this happy, blissful state inspiration , athletes with form, scientists with insight; this happens to every person - some rarely, others more often... (17) This is it and important: the possibility of such a state when a person surpasses himself, his usual abilities and limits. (18) So, this is possible, and if it is possible once, then why not twice and not every day - for self-improvement, for the highest dedication, for complete self-discovery?

Composition

Who among us has not thought about what abilities we have, what is inherent in us by nature, and whether we are capable of overcoming difficulties. In the excerpt from D. Granin’s novel “This Strange Life,” the main problem, it seems to me, is the problem of knowing one’s own personality, “complete identification of oneself.”

No one can doubt the relevance of this problem: you need to know yourself, your abilities, in order not to make mistakes, to choose the right path in life.

D. A. Granin believes that “everyone can do more than he thinks - he is braver than he thinks himself, and more resilient, and stronger, and more adaptable.” Proof of this, in his opinion, can be the example of the residents of besieged Leningrad, when people exceeded the limits of physical capabilities because they possessed “the energy of the soul, its resilience.” The writer says that the heroism of war is an exception, but even in peacetime a person can realize himself with extraordinary fullness.

D. A. Granin comes to the conclusion that self-knowledge is necessary for self-improvement, for the highest dedication. And I cannot but agree with this conclusion!

There are so many examples that a person can, having known himself, surpass his physical capabilities. The same D. A. Granin has a story about wartime “Claudia Vilor”. This is a story about a woman who became a commissar for her yesterday's boy cadets. In the first days of the war, she was wounded and captured along with the cadets. A female commissar was a novelty for the Nazis; they abused her both physically and morally, trying to break her spirit. But Vilor’s fortitude was so great that she managed to remain a Human even in the most unsightly form, even in the most terrible torment. Having escaped from captivity, she went to her own people behind enemy lines, carrying out patriotic work in the occupied territory. She lived every day with the utmost dedication.

The writer V. Titov has a short autobiographical story “To Spite All Deaths.” Its hero, a miner, while saving his friends, received a fatal electric shock, but survived. He lost both arms, but managed to overcome despair and began to write, holding a pen in his teeth. The theme of a person overcoming his own weakness remains an eternal theme, just like the feat of the wife of the hero of the story Tanya - her dedication, patience and love. Both Sergei, the hero of the story, and Tanya are an example of how people, having realized their capabilities, live every day with the highest dedication.

Of course, I really don’t want to find myself in the situations in which the heroes of the books by D. Granin and V. Titov found themselves, but you need to know yourself, your potential, in order to live with complete dedication, build your happiness, not by going with the flow, but by own plans, of one's own free will.

How often do we think about what capabilities we have? Does a person even know about his capabilities? Why were people able to exceed their load limits during wartime? These are the questions that Daniil Granin raises in his text.

The author, reflecting on the problem, writes that “most people do not try to go beyond their capabilities.” And this is really sad, because as a result, a person does not know about his own capabilities. But how brighter life would be if everyone knew what they were capable of! Perhaps, one day without taking a risk, for fear of making a mistake, a person missed something really important - for example, a great scientific discovery or an invention that could change the world for the better.

Discussing this topic, Granin talks about the siege of Leningrad, about exhausted, exhausted people, “amazing with their resilience and energy of the soul.” Namely souls, because physical strength was already running out. But people, despite their powerlessness, overcoming pain, continued to fight for the lives of not only themselves, but also their compatriots, for their Motherland. Various feelings at that moment played in the souls of these people, feelings that helped them win not only in the Great Patriotic War, but also over themselves.

I agree with the author’s position, since I also believe that it is important to overcome the limits of one’s own capabilities and to do this not once in a life, and not twice, but constantly. After all, in my opinion, by doing this, we overcome challenges that make us stronger, strengthen our character, allowing us to improve every day. It's a shame to live life without knowing about your capabilities and potential. Perhaps you are the one who can discover a new planet, make a scientific discovery, or produce a medicine that prevents cancer. The main thing is not to be afraid of risks and possible mistakes, because we should not forget that each of us tends to make mistakes.

A striking example, of course, is literature. In “The Tale of a Real Man” by Boris Polevoy, the author shows the life of a real person, pilot Alexei Maresyev. He was shot down in an air battle in World War II. For eighteen days, Alexei had to first crawl on crippled legs and then crawl to the front line through the forest. He was found already barely alive by boys from the village of Plavni. Collective farmers looked after him for more than a week. Then Maresyev managed to be sent to a Moscow hospital, where his life was miraculously saved by amputating both legs in the lower leg area. It took Alexey a whole year to relearn how to walk on prosthetics. Twice he had to overcome the limits of his capabilities: first, when, wounded, he crawled through the forest to the front line, and then after the operation, learning to walk again, falling, but then getting up again. Alexey went through terrible trials, suffering both physically and mentally in order to return to the ranks of active pilots and prove not only to everyone, but, first of all, to himself that he is capable of much.

Also, speaking about overcoming my capabilities, I really want to mention Nick Vujicic - a man whose fate did not leave me indifferent. Nicholas Vujicic was born with disabilities - without arms and legs. He often thought about suicide and even made one attempt, but Nicholas remembered his parents, the people who gave him only love, no matter what. Increasingly, he began to worry about his own destiny. One day at the university, Nick was asked to speak to students. He was given seven minutes to speak, but after three minutes the girls in the audience were crying. One of them approached Nick and said that her life changed today. After this, Nicholas understood what he wanted to devote his life to. His mission is to help people find their own path in life. Now Nick travels, proving to people that it is very important to overcome your shortcomings, find the meaning of life and develop your capabilities.

Thus, Granin’s text convinces us that any person is capable of more than he thinks. After all, even when it seems that everything is already lost, the main thing is not to give up and continue to fight, despite the limits of our physical capabilities, because our possibilities are limitless.

Updated: 2017-07-19

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