Why Pechorin is an extra person briefly. Why is Pechorin “an extra person”? Ability to manage and lead

Plan

1. Introduction

2. Pechorin in society

a) Maxim Maksimych

b) Mary

3. Pechorin’s self-criticism

4. Conclusion

Many writers of the 19th century were interested in the problem of the extra person. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was one of the first to touch upon it. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov also had an interest in her. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, the main character of the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” can be called an extra person for various reasons.

The young man does not value friendship. You can remember how Grigory Alexandrovich dealt with Maxim Maksimovich. The elderly man was proud that Pechorin was his comrade. After a long separation, the staff captain enthusiastically greeted his old acquaintance, but he did not even respond with politeness to the joyful exclamations of the former commander. The main character himself admits that he is “incapable of friendship.” This reveals Pechorin’s selfishness and materialism.

The same qualities are expressed in relation to a young man with girls. Grigory Alexandrovich conquers Mary to spite Grushnitsky. In it he sees only a blooming tender and beautiful flower, which “needs to be picked... and, having breathed enough of it, thrown on the road: maybe someone will pick it up.” Pechorin does not feel any affection for the girl, much less sympathy. Having explained himself to Mary, Grigory realized that he had hurt her, but this did not upset him. For him, Mary is only an opportunity to enjoy Grushnitsky’s suffering and jealousy. The young man is used to being a winner, and playing with someone he knows is another chance to test himself and torment his opponent. The main character himself admits that he enjoys this as “food that supports mental strength.”

Vera is the only woman whom Pechorin loved. But how much suffering and torment he brought her. Grigory Alexandrovich is an intelligent person. Werner also notices this, arguing that the young man has “a great gift of consideration.” The reader can also notice this, since Pechorin’s criticism, concerning both himself and those around him, is justified. The officer also often notices small details, thanks to which he is able to distinguish lies from the truth. An example would be the meeting of the protagonist with Grushnitsky. Pechorin noticed the young man’s ring, which indicated the date of the memorable meeting of the owner of the soldier’s overcoat with Mary. This detail helped Grigory Alexandrovich understand that Grushnitsky was in love with the young princess. In addition, the main character has courage and is not afraid to die. He goes after a wild boar “one on one” without fear, and he himself admits that he is “ready to expose himself to death at any time.” However, the Main Character is unable to use positive character traits to benefit others.

From the notes in Pechorin’s diary one can understand that the man is self-critical. For example, he writes: “why did I live...for what purpose was I born” and he himself answers: “...and it was true that I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul...but I did not guess it appointments." Our hero had no goal in life. “My life has been nothing but a chain of sad and unfortunate contradictions to my heart or reason.”

The character traits of Grigory Alexandrovich listed above speak of him as an extra person. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, characterizing this type of character in the novel, wanted to show his contemporaries. According to the writer, most of the young people of the 30s of the 19th century were the same “Pechorins”. The negative assessment of Russians of that time was also reflected in the poet’s lyrical works.

Why do we consider Pechorin one of the superfluous people of his time??? and got the best answer

Answer from Maxim Yu. Volkov[guru]
“A Hero of Our Time” is the first Russian realistic psychological novel in prose. The novel raises a topical problem: why don’t smart and energetic people find use for their remarkable abilities and “wither without a fight” at the very beginning of life? Lermontov answers this question with the life story of Pechorin, a young man belonging to the generation of the 30s of the 19th century. In the image of Pechorin, the author presented an artistic type that absorbed the features of a whole generation of young people at the beginning of the century.
In the preface to the Pechorin Journal, Lermontov writes: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is perhaps more interesting and useful than the history of an entire people...”
This ideological task of the author also determined the unique construction of the novel. Its peculiarity is the violation of the chronological sequence of events.
The novel consists of five parts, five stories, each with its own genre, its own plot and its own title. Only the main character unites all these stories into something whole, into a single novel.
The last three stories occupy a special place in the novel - this is the life story of Pechorin, written by him. This story is presented in the form of a diary (“Princess Mary”), as well as in the form of notes that the hero compiled some time later.
Lermontov emphasizes that Pechorin’s confession is quite sincere, that he was a strict judge of himself and “mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices.”
Pechorin is an “extra person.” His behavior is incomprehensible to those around him, because they have a common point of view on life, common in noble society. With all the difference in appearance and difference in character, Onegin from the novel by A.S. Pushkin, and the hero of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" - Chatsky, and Lermontov's Pechorin belong to the type of "superfluous people", that is, those people for whom there was neither place nor business in the society around them. Belinsky said about Pechorin: “This is the Onegin of our time, the hero of our time. Their dissimilarity is much less than the distance between Onega and Pechora.” Herzen also called Pechorin “Onegin’s younger brother.”
What are the similarities between Pechorin and Onegin? Both of them are representatives of high secular society. There is much in common in the history of their youth: at the beginning, the same pursuit of secular pleasures, then the same disappointment in them, the same boredom that possesses them. Just like Onegin, Pechorin is intellectually superior to the nobles surrounding him. Both of them are typical representatives of thinking people of their time, critical of life and people.
But that's where the similarities end. Pechorin is a different person than Onegin in his spiritual make-up; he lives in different socio-political conditions.
Onegin lived in the 20s, before the Decembrist uprising, at a time of socio-political revival. Pechorin is a man of the 30s, a time of rampant reaction, when the Decembrists were defeated, and the revolutionary democrats had not yet declared themselves as a social force.
Onegin could have gone to the Decembrists (which is what Pushkin thought to show in the tenth chapter of the novel), Pechorin was deprived of this opportunity. That is why Belinsky said that “Onegin is bored, Pechorin is deeply suffering.” Pechorin's situation is all the more tragic because he is by nature more gifted and deeper than Onegin.
This talent manifests itself in Pechorin’s deep mind, strong passions and steely will, allowing him to correctly judge people, about life, and be critical of himself. The characteristics he gives to people are accurate and to the point. Pechorin’s heart is capable of feeling deeply and strongly, although outwardly he remains calm, for “the fullness and depth of feelings and thoughts does not allow wild impulses.”
Pechorin is a strong, strong-willed nature, thirsty for activity. But for all his talent and wealth of spiritual powers, he, according to his own fair definition, is a “moral cripple.” His character and all his behavior are extremely contradictory.
This inconsistency is clearly reflected in his appearance, which, like all people, reflects the inner

“Hero of Our Time” - novel by M.Yu. Lermontov - is unusual in that it consists of five parts, each of which can exist independently, but at the same time they are all united by the image of the main character - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. The author himself, in the preface of the novel, says that his image is collective: “The hero of our time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development.”

Lermontov portrays the main character to us as a man of average height, slender, with broad shoulders and a narrow waist, with small hands, and blond hair. But he emphasizes a number of details: firstly, he does not swing his arms when walking, which indicates secrecy, and secondly, the author draws our attention to his eyes. “They didn't laugh when he laughed! This is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness.”

Pechorin does not see a goal for himself in life, and this is his main tragedy. This is how he describes the development of his character: “Everyone read on my face signs of bad qualities that were not there; but they were anticipated - and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of guile: I became secretive. I felt good and evil deeply; no one caressed me, everyone insulted me: I became vindictive; I was gloomy, - other children were cheerful and talkative; I felt superior to them - they put me lower. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world, but no one understood me: and I learned to hate. My colorless youth passed in a struggle with myself and the world; Fearing ridicule, I buried my best feelings in the depths of my heart: they died there. I told the truth - they didn’t believe me: I began to deceive; Having learned well the light and springs of society, I became skilled in the science of life and saw how others were happy without art, freely enjoying the benefits that I tirelessly sought. And then despair was born in my chest - not the despair that is treated with the barrel of a pistol, but cold, powerless despair, covered with courtesy and a good-natured smile. I became a moral cripple: one half of my soul did not exist, it dried up, evaporated, died, I cut it off and threw it away, while the other moved and lived at the service of everyone, and no one noticed this, because no one knew about the existence of her dead half."

Pechorin suffers from loneliness. He regrets that there is no person on earth who could understand him. Writing in his diary, he tries to understand himself, mercilessly describing all his shortcomings. He does not deceive himself, which is no longer so easy for a person.

The main character quickly becomes fed up with everything, both hobbies and people. He makes many women unhappy, mercilessly ruining their lives. He is aware of this, but cannot change it in any way: “I run through my entire past in my memory and involuntarily ask myself: why did I live? For what purpose was I born?.. And, it is true, it existed, and, it is true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense powers in my soul... But I did not guess this purpose, I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions ; From their furnace I came out hard and cold, like iron, but I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - the best color of life. And since then, how many times have I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate! Like an instrument of execution, I fell on the heads of doomed victims, often without malice, always without regret... My love did not bring happiness to anyone, because I did not sacrifice anything for those I loved: I loved for myself, for my own pleasure; I only satisfied the strange need of my heart, greedily absorbing their feelings, their tenderness, their joys and sufferings - and I could never get enough.”

Vera is the only one of all his women with whom he did not get bored. He still loves her dearly and suffers when she leaves.

In some ways he can be compared with Onegin: he is also overcome by constant blues, he is also tired of social life. But if Onegin changes by the end of the novel, is transformed, then Pechorin remains captive to his boredom.

Pechorin is tired not of life, but of its absence: “In me, the soul is spoiled by light, the imagination is restless, the heart is insatiable; Everything is not enough for me...” This is the main difference between Pechorin and Onegin. He mistakenly believed that he had already experienced everything, and he needed nothing more than peace and solitude.

Pechorin is a strong, integral, self-sufficient nature. He is a man of enormous mental strength, and the fact that he spends it on the kidnapping of Bela, an affair with Princess Mary, and single combat with Grushnitsky, and not on serving the officials, is the most important feat of a hero of our time.

A person who does not fit into the traditional understanding of what a person’s personality should be can be considered superfluous. Any era, any society has such unwritten, but nevertheless serious and often mandatory rules, failure to comply with which entails special consequences, unique sanctions, which often result in suffering for a person. However, in any society there have always been people who can be considered superfluous. A person is very individual, it does not happen that absolutely all people fit certain rules without any exceptions. It seems that this can be said with confidence about the main character of Lermontov’s work “Hero of Our Time” Pechorin.

This young man grew up in a good family and learned quite early what high society was and what rules prevailed in it. However, for some reason he was not able to quickly become like the members of this society, although he had every opportunity for this. It is worth noting that this impossibility became the reason for Pechorin’s peculiar alienation; he ceased to consider himself a full-fledged part of the society in which he had to live. He had many problems, mainly related to the lack of normal mutual understanding between him and all those around him. They thought extra things about him, he reciprocated them.

At first Pechorin wanted people to love him, but he didn’t get it. For this reason, he gradually became embittered and began to hate almost all the people around him. Pechorin had almost no friends, because he was afraid of losing his inner freedom and becoming dependent on someone. Realizing that there could be no equality in the society of that time, he avoided any communications and quietly moved away from the whole society. Isolation from the outside world made Pechorin evil, so he wanted to subjugate everything that was around him. He can well be called a person who combines in his soul difficult things to combine - cold indifference and fiery passion. All this, of course, made him a superfluous person.

On the one hand, it’s a pity that such unnecessary people exist. They feel bad themselves, and society is deprived of such a useful person, thanks to his talents. On the other hand, to be an extra person is to be different from everyone else. This is inevitable, it is typical for any time with its own unique, but at the same time stupid rules that exist for the convenience of people, but cause harm and trouble to some of them. Pechorin fully deserves to be called an extra person, but there is something piquant and interesting in this status and name that makes a person special.