Real trial versions of the exam in biology. Demo versions of the exam in biology

OPTION 1

2. Choose two correct answers out of five and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table. Examples of what scientific methods are illustrated by the plot of the painting by the Dutch artist J. Steen “Pulse”?

1) abstraction

2) modeling

3) experiment

4) measurement

5) observation

3. What function do nucleic acids perform in a cell?

1) are the keepers of hereditary information

2) carry out homeostasis

3) transfer hereditary information from the nucleus to the ribosome

4) participate in protein synthesis

5) are part of the cell membrane

6) perform a signaling function

6. Determine the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring of a monohybrid crossing of two heterozygous organisms with incomplete dominance. Write down the answer as a sequence of numbers showing the ratio of the resulting phenotypes,starting with the dominant phenotype.

15. It is known that the potato or tuberous nightshade, a type of herbaceous plant, is the most important food, industrial and fodder crop.

Using this information, select statements from the list below that describe these characteristics of this organism.

Write down the numbers corresponding to the selected answer in the table.

1. Potato is a herbaceous plant with a bare ribbed stem and odd-pinnate leaves.
2. The homeland of potatoes is the coast of Chile and Peru.
3. Europeans did not know the potato until 1565, before the Spanish visited South America.
4. Until the end of the 18th century, potatoes were cultivated as an ornamental plant.
5. Starch, molasses and alcohol are obtained from potato tubers.
6. Potatoes are used for fattening farm animals.

19. Establish the sequence of evolutionary processes of formation of the main groups of animals that occurred on Earth, in chronological order. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers in the table

20 . Insert into the text “Similarity of mushrooms with plants and animals” the missing terms from the proposed list, using numerical notations. Write down the numbers of the selected answers in the text, and then enter the resulting sequence of numbers (according to the text) in the table below.

SIMILARITY OF MUSHROOMS TO PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Mushrooms combine characteristics of both plants and animals. Like plants, mushrooms are immobile and constantly growing. On the outside, their cells, like plant cells, are covered with ___________ (A). Inside the cell they lack green ___________ (B). Fungi are similar to animals in that they do not store ___________(B) in their cells and they feed on ready-made organic substances. The cell wall of fungi includes ___________(D).

LIST OF TERMS:

1) plasma membrane 2) cell wall 3) plastids 4) Golgi complex

5) mitochondria 6) starch 7) glycogen 8) chitin

21. P Using the table “Nutritional value of some fish” and knowledge from the field of biology, choose the correct statements

1) Salmon contains the highest proportion of proteins compared to other fish.

2) Sprat contains the largest proportion of fats compared to other fish.

4) Vobla is the lowest calorie fish.

5) All of these fish are representatives of the Herring order.

Part 2

22. Why is it not recommended to store wet seeds in a granary? What's happening to them?

23. What are the formations on the roots of the plant shown? What type of relationships between organisms does the picture illustrate? Explain the significance of this relationship for both organisms.

24. Find three errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of the sentences in which errors were made and correct them.

1. Fungi and bacteria are classified as prokaryotes. 2. Among the fungi there is a wide variety: yeast, molds, cap mushrooms, etc. 3. A common feature of multicellular fungi is the formation of a vegetative body from thin branching filaments that form a mycelium. 4. A fungal cell has a cell wall consisting of chitin and membrane organelles. 5. Glycogen is a reserve nutrient. 6. Mushrooms have an autotrophic type of nutrition. 7. Fungal growth stops after the spores mature.

25. What functions does the nervous system perform in the human body? Give at least three functions. Explain your answer.

26. Flounder is a bottom-dwelling fish, adapted to life in the seas, blending into the background of the seabed. Name the type of coloration and explain its significance, as well as the relative nature of fitness.

27. The chromosome set of somatic potato cells is 48. Determine the chromosome set and the number of DNA molecules in cells during meiosis in prophase of meiosis I and metaphase of meiosis II. Explain all your results.

28. In homozygous sheep, the gray color gene causes the death of embryos. In the first crossbreeding of sheep with gray coat color and horns, some of the offspring turned out to have black coat and were hornless. In the second cross between sheep with gray coat color, horned (homozygous), the offspring with gray coat color, horned and with black coat color, horned, were obtained in a ratio of 2: 1. The genes are not linked. Make a diagram for solving the problem. Determine the genotypes of parental individuals, genotypes and phenotypes of possible offspring in crosses. Explain the phenotypic cleavages of the offspring of two crosses.

OPTION 2

1. Consider the diagram. Write down the missing term in the diagram, indicated by a question mark.

1. Choose two correct answers out of five and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table. The ringing method is used for

1) determining the timing and routes of bird migration

2) studying the mechanisms of bird flight at different altitudes

3) determining the behavioral characteristics of poultry

4) assessing the damage caused to humans by birds

5) determining the life expectancy of birds

6. Determine the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring when crossing females and males with AaBb genotypes, taking into account that the genes are not linked to each other and complete dominance is observed. Write down the answer as a sequence of numbers showing the ratio of the resulting phenotypes,in descending order.

20. Insert into the text “Vital activity of a plant” the missing terms from the proposed list, using numerical notations. Write down the numbers of the selected answers in the text, and then enter the resulting sequence of numbers (according to the text) in the table below.

VITAL ACTIVITIES OF THE PLANT

The plant obtains water in the form of soil solution through the ___________ (A) root. The above-ground parts of the plant, mainly ___________ (B), on the contrary, through special cells - ___________ (C) evaporate a significant amount of water. In this case, water is used not only for evaporation, but also as a starting material for the formation of organic substances during the process ___________ (D).

LIST OF TERMS:

1) respiration 2) root cap 3) root hair 4) leaf

5) shoot 6) stem 7) stomata 8) photosynthesis

21. Using the table “Acidity of juices and secretions in the human digestive tract” and knowledge of the biology course, select the correct statements:

2) With heartburn, the pH of the esophagus drops sharply.

3) An empty (fasting) stomach has the most alkaline environment.

4) During a fast, there is a risk of developing a duodenal ulcer.

5) In the acidic environment of the stomach, carbohydrates are broken down better.

Part 2.

22. It is known that at high ambient temperatures the skin of the face turns red, and at low temperatures it turns pale. Explain why this happens.

23. Name the organism shown in the figure and the kingdom to which it belongs. What is indicated by numbers 1, 2? What is the role of these organisms in the ecosystem?

24. Find three errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of the sentences in which they are made, correct them.

1. G. Mendel is rightfully considered the founder of genetics. 2. He found that during a monohybrid crossing, the characteristics are split in a ratio of 3: 1. 3. During a dihybrid crossing, the characters are split in the second generation in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. 4. Such splitting occurs if the genes are located on non-homologous chromosomes. 5. T. Morgan established that if genes are located on the same chromosome, then traits are inherited exclusively together, that is, linked. 6. Such genes form a linkage group. 7. The number of linkage groups is equal to the diploid set of chromosomes.

25. What is the role of mitochondria in metabolism? Which tissue - muscle or connective tissue - contains more mitochondria? Explain why.

26. What is the negative impact of human activity on the flora of the biosphere? Give at least four examples and explain their impact.

27. The karyotype of one fish species is 56 chromosomes. Determine the number of chromosomes during spermatogenesis in the cells of the growth zone and in the cells of the maturation zone at the end of the first division. Explain what processes occur in these zones.

28. In humans, deafness is an autosomal, recessive trait; color blindness is a recessive trait linked to sex (Xd). A woman healthy according to these two characteristics married a man suffering from deafness and color blindness. They had a daughter with good hearing and color blindness and a son who was deaf and color blind. Make a diagram for solving the problem. Determine the genotypes of the parents, all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the children. Determine the probability of having children suffering from both anomalies. What gender will they be? Indicate their genotypes.

There are a lot of professions related to biology. And if a graduate decides to devote his future life to medicine, psychology, pedagogy, food industry technology, pharmacology or agriculture, then a biology exam at the end of secondary school is mandatory for him. What will it be like Unified State Exam in Biology 2017?

The state biology exam in 2017 will be different from the exams of previous years. Not many changes have been made, but they are significant.

A new, more optimized structure of the examination paper is proposed. The number of tasks has been reduced to 28, compared to 40 in 2016. The maximum number of primary points for the entire work has been reduced, now it is 59 points, instead of 60 last year. But the amount of time to complete the examination work has been increased to 210 minutes, instead of 180.

There will no longer be multiple choice questions in the exam. In this regard, the likelihood of guessing is reduced to a minimum. After all, before it was possible to use intuition, pass the threshold and score the minimum allowed number of points. Now intuition is not our help; we need knowledge. You will have to prepare carefully and start as early as possible. But there is also good news. The difficulty of the tasks has not changed, but the time to complete them has increased by 30 minutes.

The 2017 Unified State Examination in Biology contains 28 tasks and consists of two parts, each of which has its own level of difficulty and format.

First part of the exam

The first part consists of 21 short answer questions. Moreover, the answers will need to be written in the form of words or phrases, numbers or sequences of numbers, without spaces or separators.

The first part includes tasks of two difficulty levels: 10 - basic level and 11 - advanced.

This format is the first innovation and a good reason for taking the demo version of the Unified State Exam in Biology 2017.

The second innovation is in the content of tasks. The graduate will need:

• analyze information in graphical or tabular form (1 task)
• complete the missing information in the diagram and table (2 tasks)
• establish the sequence of systematic taxa, biological objects, phenomena, processes (3 tasks)
• solve biological problems in cytology and genetics (2 tasks)
• complete multiple choice tasks (7 tasks) and matching tasks (6 tasks) with or without a picture

So, 21 tasks of a new type have significant differences and allow you to more accurately assess your knowledge of the material covered, and also require serious preparation.

Second part of the exam (increased difficulty)

The second part of the Unified State Exam in Biology 2017 is aimed at graduates with a high level of knowledge in the subject, or rather at identifying them. There will be no changes here. As in 2016, there will be 7 tasks, formed by types of educational activities and in accordance with the topics of the subject. Graduates write answers to them independently in detailed form. There are also no changes in difficulty level: 1 advanced task and 6 high level tasks.

In the second part, the graduate must independently explain and justify biological phenomena and processes, be able to analyze, systematize and integrate knowledge, and confirm theory with practice. And all this should be correctly formulated in a detailed answer.

How is it assessed?

The initial maximum number of points for the state exam in 2017 has changed, but not significantly.

For completing 10 tasks of a basic level of complexity, 17 points are given, for 12 tasks of an advanced level - 24 points, for 6 tasks of a high level - 18. In total - 59 points. for passing the biology exam will be 36 points.

What you need to know

The exam involves testing knowledge of the subject in full. And if something is missed, even for a good reason, this fact is not taken into account during the exam. Therefore, it is advisable for the future graduate to begin preparing for it as early as September in order to have time to fill in all the gaps.

Knowledge testing in biology will be carried out in the following sections:

• Biology as a science. Methods of scientific knowledge
• Cell as a biological system
• Organism as a biological system
• System and diversity of the biological world
• The human body and its health
• Evolution of living nature
• Ecosystems and their inherent patterns

Use this list to test yourself and catch up on missed topics.

What you need to know

At the Unified State Examination in biology, it is also important to show your skills and abilities to use the acquired knowledge. The graduate must correctly use terminology and identify biological objects not only by description, but also by drawing. When explaining biological processes, those who use not only words, but also tables, graphs, and diagrams will have a significant advantage. Solve problems, draw conclusions and apply theoretical knowledge in practice, in everyday life.

Every year FIPI releases an updated demo version of the Unified State Exam in Biology. The graduate has the opportunity to calmly understand the instructions, assignments, rules of conduct, assessment criteria, and practically go through all stages of the exam. Of course, the demo version is not an exact copy of the Unified State Exam, but, nevertheless, it allows the student to feel calmer and more confident when everything happens for real.

In preparing for the Unified State Exam in biology, each graduate needs to take into account his or her personal, individual characteristics. Everyone knows their strengths and weaknesses, memory capabilities, and performance. Those who have not yet figured this out can turn to their parents and teachers for help. It’s worth talking to those who have already taken the Unified State Exam and getting additional information first-hand. In a word, all methods are good for preparation, the main thing is not to leave everything for May, not to hope that “maybe it will blow over,” but to start systematically studying now.

Biology is one of the subjects that a graduate chooses on his own at the Unified State Examination. And if he makes a choice in favor of biology, then he likes this science. Therefore, all worries and worries should be left at the door so as not to interfere. And take with you composure, confidence, remember everything and get the highest score.

Video news, demo versions

Biology is a fairly broad field of knowledge, which includes the structure and various processes in humans, animals and plants. In this regard, to successfully pass the final exam, you must have a wide range of knowledge. Despite the fact that the structure of organisms of different species and classes is similar, they also have differences that must be accurately remembered when answering test questions. Due to the complexity of the Unified State Exam in Biology, it is necessary to prepare even more carefully.

Ways to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Biology

There are many ways to prepare for any exam. Only language technical and humanitarian subjects differ from each other. But the main areas of training are preserved. So the Unified State Examination in biology should not fall out of the general course of preparation for the unified exam. It is necessary to take a comprehensive approach to this issue.

Don't forget about schoolwork. In general, the school can prepare a child well for the exam. It all depends on his abilities, memory and psyche. Therefore, you should not write off school when preparing for the difficult Unified State Exam in biology.

When choosing training courses To The Unified State Examination is worth paying attention to the reviews and the period of existence of the office. If the courses have opened recently, then they have less experience and there is a possibility of cheating or closing the courses halfway through preparation. But you can turn to young courses for preparing for the Unified State Exam if they lure you with low prices and they do not have an advance payment. But still, talk carefully with the teachers and decide whether they can prepare you for the Unified State Exam. You shouldn’t skimp on USE results, but you can’t completely refuse the services of young specialists. The main thing is not to waste your money.

Biology tutors will be able to improve your level of knowledge, including helping you prepare for the Unified State Exam. But you need to choose a tutor more carefully than training courses. The courses have received a state license and have passed inspections, while anyone can engage in private tutoring. So look for reviews and recommendations before you start paying such a specialist. After all, your time is limited, and you shouldn’t waste it. So it’s better to spend a couple of days looking for a good specialist than to work with someone who cannot teach important things.

Trial online tests for the Unified State Exam in biology

The website is posted on the educational portal trial options Unified State Examination in biology, which is available to all visitors. On our website, you can take the test an unlimited number of times, without any time frame. This will allow you to identify gaps in knowledge and address them. So don’t forget about self-preparation. After all, practice exams immerse you in the atmosphere of a test exam, making it more familiar. Repeating tests will help you get rid of stress during the exam itself, and this will increase your final grade. In a stressed state, memory works worse and errors are possible. For this reason, it will be useful for everyone to take time to prepare independently using online Unified State Exam tests in biology on the educational portal Uchistut.ru.

The biology exam is selective and only those who are confident in their knowledge will take it. The Unified State Exam in biology is considered a difficult subject, since it tests the knowledge accumulated over all years of study.

The Unified State Exam (USE) tasks in biology are of different types; solving them requires solid knowledge of the main topics of the school biology course. Based on this, teachers developed over 10 test tasks on each topic.

Topics that need to be studied when completing assignments, see from FIPI. Each task has its own algorithm of actions that will help in solving problems.

Changes in KIM Unified State Examination 2019 in biology:

• The model of the task in line 2 has been changed. Instead of a multiple choice task worth 2 points, a task on working with a table worth 1 point has been included.
• The maximum primary score decreased by 1 and amounted to 58 points.

Structure of Unified State Examination tasks in biology:

• Part 1– these are tasks from 1 to 21 with a short answer; approximately 5 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: Read the wording of the questions carefully.

• Part 2– these are tasks from 22 to 28 with a detailed answer; approximately 10-20 minutes are allotted for completion.

Advice: express your thoughts in a literary manner, answer the question in detail and comprehensively, define biological terms, even if this is not required in the assignments. The answer should have a plan, not write in continuous text, but highlight points.

What is required of the student in the exam?

• Ability to work with graphic information (diagrams, graphs, tables) - its analysis and use;
• Multiple choice;
• Establishing compliance;
• Sequencing.

Points for each USE biology task

In order to get the highest grade in biology, you need to score 58 primary points, which will be converted to one hundred on the scale.

• 1 point - for tasks 1, 2, 3, 6.
• 2 points - 4, 5, 7-22.
• 3 points - 23-28.

How to Prepare for Biology Tests

1. Repetition of the theory.
2. Proper allocation of time for each task.
3. Solving practical problems several times.
4. Check your knowledge level by solving tests online.

Register, study and get a high score!

Unified State Exam 2017. Biology. Workshop. Exam tests. Kalinova G.S., Mazyarkina T.V.

M.: 2017. - 168 p.

The Unified State Examination in Biology workshop is intended both for classroom work and for self-testing of knowledge. The proposed manual contains training versions of test items of the Unified State Exam (USE) in biology, compiled taking into account all the features and requirements of the Unified State Exam. Particular attention is paid to developing the skills of correctly filling out the answer form. The student is asked to complete a real exam test, while filling out a real answer form for the Unified State Exam 2017 tasks. The workshop is intended for teachers and methodologists who use tests to prepare students for the Unified State Exam 2017; it can also be used by students for self-preparation and self-control.

Format: pdf

Size: 3.9 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Introduction 4
Analysis of tasks and recommendations for their implementation 10
Part 1 t 10
Part 2 33
Option 1 39
Part 1 39
Part 2 44
Option 2 48
Part 1 48
Part 2 53
Option 3 57
Part 1 57
Part 2 . 62
Option 4 66
Part 1 66
Part 2 71
Option 5 75
Part 1 75
Part 2 80
Option 6 83
Part 1, 83
Part 2 88
Option 1. 92
Part 1 92
Part 2 97
Option 8 101
Part 1 101
Part 2 106
Option 9 110
Part 1 110
Part 2 115
Option 10 120
Part 1 .120
Part 2 125
Replies 129
Option 1 129
Option 2 133
Option 3 137
Option 4 141
Option 5 145
Option 6 149
Option 7 153
Option 8 157
Option 9 161
Option 10 165

The proposed manual is addressed to high school students and applicants for preparing for the Unified State Exam in Biology. The biology exam is one of the exams that a secondary school graduate takes as an option. The Unified State Examination is carried out using tasks of a standardized form - control measuring materials (CMM), which test biological knowledge for the entire school course from grades 5 to 11. The main criterion for selecting tasks was their statistical characteristics and the degree of difficulty in the corresponding intervals: basic level - 60-85%, advanced level - 30-60%, high level - 5-30%. This ensured a fairly high scientific and methodological level of KIM in biology, objectivity of tasks, parallelism of all options, compliance of Unified State Exam options with the codifier and specification.
The content of the test at the Unified State Exam includes knowledge and skills in all sections of the school course, which form the invariant core of the content of biological education and which are reflected in the 2004 standard for basic and advanced levels, in various biology curricula recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science Russia for use in educational institutions.
A significant place in the work is given to the control of theoretical knowledge and general biological patterns that manifest themselves at different levels of organization of living nature. These include theories: cellular, chromosomal, evolutionary; laws of heredity and variability; ecological patterns of biosphere development. From the basic school, material about the classification, structure, and vital functions of organisms from different kingdoms of living nature, their role in nature and human life is tested. In addition, the test tasks test material of a practical nature, such as the consequences of human activity on the environment, compliance with disease prevention measures and healthy lifestyle rules, behavioral norms in nature, solving biological problems, etc.