Solution - Theater House - Tips - LiveJournal. Meeting the mammoth in the museum on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Serious scientific research

Each task points to a specific place in the area where the second stage will take place. The address of a place can be given explicitly in the form of a street name and house number, or it can be encrypted in the form of a riddle, a photograph, or a partial address (for example, only the street name can be given). Some street names are based on an old map.

Each task could bring the team a certain number of points (from 1 to 4). Participants had to come to a given address and complete the task. At the same time, it was not necessary to visit all checkpoints (it was impossible to visit all points!). It was necessary to create a route that was optimal in terms of interest, length, number of points for tasks, etc.

Card given to participants at the start
Old card issued to members

Tasks of the first part (until the Intermediate finish)

To expand the answers, click on the task.

Start: Hermitage Garden(Karetnyi Ryad, building 3).
Karetny Ryad Street got its name from the craftsmen who lived here in the 17th-18th centuries and made carriages and carts.

• KP1 The name of this place in Moscow is associated with a very large cultural place in St. Petersburg. These places are also similar in that both have paintings or reproductions of paintings. What is the exhibition dedicated to in the Moscow location? (2 points)
  • Answer: The Hermitage Garden in Moscow is reminiscent of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. ON the outside fence of the garden hang reproductions of the paintings “Russian Cossacks in Paris in 1814.” The answer “Patriotic War of 1812” also counts.
• KP5 Of the buildings that stood on Tverskaya Street and are depicted in Photo 2, only one has now survived, although it is not so easy to see and find it (the photo was taken along Tverskaya away from the center from its intersection with Kamergersky Lane). Find this building and count the number of long round columns on the turrets. (3 points)
  • Answer: Of the buildings depicted in the photograph, only the building on the right side has survived - the Savvinskoye Compound. There are 7 long columns on the two towers of this building (there used to be 8, but one of them broke). The answer of 7.5 columns is also counted.
    Savvinskoye Compound, the pearl of Tverskaya Street, is an architectural monument of the early 20th century. The building was built in a fabulous Russian style with Art Nouveau elements by the architect I. S. Kuznetsov (1867-1942). The courtyard was the apartment building of the Savvinsky Monastery, its premises were rented out to residents and offices. In 1934, the threat of demolition loomed over the courtyard, which by that time had become an ordinary residential building, but in 1939 the house was simply moved 50 meters deeper into the block. Today this monument is completely hidden by Stalinist houses and the new Moscow Art Theater building on Kamergersky Lane.
• KP6 Solve the crossword puzzle (krossword.pdf (0.16 Mb) related to the renaming of streets, and come to the end of the encrypted street. Which continent is fully visible on the globe? (3 points)
  • Answer: See the solved crossword puzzle (solutions.pdf (0.07 MB)). From the letters highlighted in the crossword puzzle, Gazetny Lane is formed. The Central Telegraph is located on the corner of Gazetny Lane and Tverskaya Street. The globe on the telegraph rotates, so at any given time you can see certain continents in full. Each set of continents that can be seen on this globe is counted (each team saw its own set of continents depending on the time in which it arrived).
• KP7 Listen to the song at CP 30. The song talks about the making of cannons and a forge, but what other weapons could be made in this area? Look carefully at the map and find the lane whose name will tell you the answer. Walk along the alley and list all the theaters facing it. Pay attention to the beautiful lanterns on this side street (no need to count them). (2 points)
  • Answer: In this area there is Kopyevsky Lane, which reminds us of spears. Several buildings of the Bolshoi Theater and the Operetta Theater overlook this lane. For each extra theater named, 0.5 points were deducted (so the RAMT theater does not go onto the side street, since it is separated from it by the New Stage of the Bolshoi Theater).
• KP12 Next to the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky on Tverskaya Square you can see another monument. Write down what typical item for a monument to this person is missing here? (2 points)
  • Answer: On Tverskaya Square, in addition to the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky, there is also a monument to V. Lenin, but this monument does not have an object typical of monuments to V. Lenin - a cap. The answer “tablet” was also counted as partially correct (0.5 points).
• KP13 This lane is almost from the line “Milk River, Kiselnye Banks”, only the bottom one. Write, for whom was the jelly cooked in this alley? (2 points)
  • Answer: Nizhny Kiselny Lane is hidden. On this street there lived kiselniks who cooked a funeral meal - jelly for visitors to the cemeteries of the nearby monasteries - Sretensky and Rozhdestvensky. This is exactly what is written on the sign on the house in this alley.
• KP21 In 1883, the Korsh Theater (now the State Theater of Nations) opened at 3 Bogoslovsky (Petrovsky) Lane. Count the square tiles on the theater building. (2 points)
  • Answer: There are 27 square tiles (8+8+8+3) on the building.
• KP23 What metal animals “graze” in front of the Zoological Museum? (2 points)
  • Answer: opposite the Zoological Museum there are metal sculptures of a pig and a cow.
• KP24 One metro line connects three buildings of this university: the old (unpreserved), the famous historical and no less famous modern. Find the sundial on the second one (raise your head high). Who is the plaque under the clock dedicated to? Rewrite the month and year. (4 points)
  • Answer: Lomonosov Moscow State University has been chosen. On the university building on Mokhovaya Street there is a sundial, under which there is a plaque dedicated to A.S. Pushkin. The month and year had to be rewritten: September 1832.
• KP25 There are bas-reliefs at the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History on the former Pushkinskaya Street in the Tverskaya Square area. Write how many people are depicted on them and list those whose names you can name? (3 points)
  • Answer: The building where the archive of socio-political history is now located (Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street) housed the Institute of Marxism and Leninism. The bas-reliefs on the facade of the building depict F. Engels, K. Marx, V. Lenin.
• KP31 Visit the Museum “Naryshkin Chambers” (Petrovka St., 28). You will receive the task at this point from the judge in the museum lobby. (3 points)
  • Answer: Judge's signature
• KP33 On the former Herzen Street, find the Great Hall of the Conservatory. There is a monument in front of him. Rewrite the years written on the benches that are part of the monument. (2 points)
  • Answer: The former Herzen Street is the modern Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. In front of the building of the Great Hall of the Conservatory there is a monument to P.I. Tchaikovsky. Years on the benches: 1840 and 1893 (the year of Tchaikovsky’s life).
• KP35 Stoleshnikov Lane, building 11. Count the number of windows with a round arch. (1 point)
  • Answer: 32 windows
• KP36 Take a stroll along a boulevard that is not part of the boulevard ring. What animal is mentioned in “Tales of Old Moscow” on one of the information plates? (2 points)
  • Answer: on the information plate where “Tales of Old Moscow” is written, a monkey (monkey) is mentioned.
• KP40 Find an organization in the theater building near the Nikitsky Gate whose name is associated with a palindrome. Write this name. Do you know any other palindromes or can you come up with your own? Write them down in the notes box (each palindrome is worth an extra 0.5 points). (1 point)
  • Answer: The theater and art lounge of the theater “At the Nikitsky Gate” is called “Rose of Azora”. It is associated with the palindrome "And the rose fell on Azor's paw."
• KP44 There is a panel on Nikitsky Gate Square on the corner of the theater. What is it dedicated to? (1 point)
  • Answer: The panel on the wall of the theater “At the Nikitsky Gate” is dedicated to the October Revolution of 1917
• KP45 On the Petrovsky Gate Square there is a monument to Vysotsky. How many strings does his guitar have? (1 point)
  • Answer: V. Vysotsky’s guitar has 4 strings
• KP46 On Kuznetsky Most on building 3, under the roof, there is a mosaic with a bird. Write who owned this house. What bird would be logical to depict on it? (1 point)
  • Answer: The mysterious house is the apartment building of M.V. Sokol. The falcon bird is associated with the owner’s surname, so it would be logical to depict this bird in the mosaic on this house.
• KP48 In Photo 1 you see two pictures depicting approximately the same place in the late 17th and early 21st centuries. Which river is shown in the older drawing? Find the street named after this river (the street can be seen on a modern map of Moscow). Come to the place where they washed themselves on this river. What is the name of the restaurant that is located in house 14 (building 4) on this street? (3 points)
  
  • Answer: In the painting by I. Vasnetsov the Neglinka River is drawn, but in the modern photograph of the Alexander Garden there is no river. Neglinnaya Street is named after this river. The Sandunov Baths are located on this street (marked on the map issued to participants). The Sanduny restaurant is located at building 14/4 on this street. For indicating only Neglinnaya Street, 1 point is given.
    The Neglinka River was first mentioned in the chronicle of 1401 as the Neglimna River. It’s hard to believe today, but in ancient times the Neglinnaya (Neglinka) was a deep river, which was used not only for fishing, building dams for water mills and as a means of communication, but also as an important structure that protected the walls of the Kremlin from the western and northwestern directions .In the period from 1817 to 1819, a three-kilometer section of the river was enclosed in a pipe, which was a brick vault.
    In 1997, an artificial channel of the Neglinnaya (Neglinka) was built on the territory between the Alexander Garden and Manezhnaya Square, where it once passed. Fountains were installed here and sculptures were installed.
    Sandunovskie baths are one of the oldest and most popular baths in Moscow. Inside there are huge halls decorated with stucco, gold painting and marble staircases, which make Sanduny more like a palace than a bathhouse. Sanduny was one of the few buildings that survived the Moscow fire of 1812. By the way, this is where the heroes of the legendary film “The Irony of Fate or Enjoy Your Bath” took a steam bath on New Year’s Eve.
• KP49 At house 6 Glinishchevsky Lane there is a bas-relief dedicated to two poets. Rewrite the last word on the sign, written in Latin letters. (1 point)
  • Answer: On the house there is a bas-relief of A. Pushkin and A. Mitskevich. The last word had to be rewritten in Latin letters: Mickiewicz.
• KP50 You will probably pass by the house shown in photo 6. How many sculptures are there under the roof of this building? (3 points)
  
  • Answer: The photograph shows a fragment of a building located at Kuznetsky Most, building 7. Under the roof of this building there are 30 sculptures (8+8+10+4).
• KP52 Walk to the National Hotel. What is located to the right of the entrance? (1 point)
  • Answer: There is a thermometer hanging near the entrance to the National Hotel. Also in this building to the right of the hotel entrance is the Composer restaurant, so this answer also counted.
• KP53 The name of which store is written on the hatch near building 9, building 2, Mokhovaya Street? (2 points)
  • Answer: the name of the store “MYUR and MERILIZ” is written on the hatch
• KP54 What does the monument depict, located on the square opposite the church in Bryusov Lane? (1 point)
  • Answer: the sculpture “The Message” is located on the square.
• KP56 Redraw the coats of arms from the gates of the Anglican Cathedral, located opposite the Theater “Near the Stanislavsky House”, located at 9A Voznesensky Lane. (1 point)
  
• KP60 Find the house shown in Photo 8 and write its number. What's in it? (2 points)
  
  • Answer: The photograph shows house number 4 on Krapivensky Lane. There is an ensemble of residential buildings of the Patriarchal Metochion of Constantinople.
• KP69 It is possible that while you are walking today, you will see a house with Photo 5. What is in this house with St. George the Victorious on the roof? (3 points)
  
  • Answer: The photograph shows a fragment of the roof of a building located at Nikitskie Lane, building 5. The Moscow Department of Urban Planning is located there
• KP79 Which church is located 130 meters east of the place where Photo 7 was taken? (3 points)
  
  • Answer: The photograph shows the building of the Moscow Main Department of Internal Affairs at the address Petrovka Street, building 38. 130 meters east of the place where the photograph was taken is the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign” behind the Petrovsky Gate.
    Every Muscovite and guest of the capital usually associates Petrovka with the legendary building on Petrovka, 38 and the Petrovsky Monastery, founded in the 14th century, from which it got its name. Petrovka is one of the oldest Moscow streets. In ancient times, it was a deserted road leading from the monastery to the Kremlin. Since the 18th century, this street was chosen by the Moscow nobility, and in the 19th century, Petrovka became one of the popular places among merchants, merchants and local artisans: numerous shops, manufactories, haberdasheries, and jewelry shops opened here.

Tasks of the second part (from the Intermediate finish to the finish)

• KP4 Look carefully at the map and find the lane that tells you how many Patriarch's Ponds there were originally. Go to house 9 along this lane. What is written above the arched entrance? (3 points)
  • Answer: Trekhprudny Lane is hidden. Above the arched entrance to this house is written "SUPPLIER TO HIS MAJESTY'S COURT"
• KP10 Look at Photo 3. What buses can you see now in the place where the trolleybus goes in the old photograph? Write down their numbers. (2 points)
  
  • Answer: The buses that can be seen in this place on Triumfalnaya Square are those buses that go straight along Tverskaya, without turning anywhere, and stop at a stop immediately after they pass the Garden Ring along Tverskaya to the center. At this stop you can see buses H1 and 12C.
• KP14 The central house of the Architect is located at number 7 in the alley, named after the courtyard where explosive artillery shells were made in the 16th century. Write what drawing tools are shown on the map. (3 points)
  • Answer: Grenade Lane is a mystery (the shells mentioned in the task are grenades). The card shows a compass and a goat's leg (similar drawing tools also counted)
• KP15 At 10 Bolshaya Sadovaya there is a museum of the famous writer. What birds “fly” over the entrance to the museum? (1 point)
  • Answer: 2 owls/eagle owls fly over the entrance to the Bulgakov Museum
• KP16 On the former Alexei Tolstoy Street at number 17 there is a mansion of the famous philanthropist Savva Morozov. Count the spiers on the roof of the building. (2 points)
  • Answer: 4 spiers
• KP26 Look at Photo 4 on the map and find what is now where the sun is. List the nationalities. (3 points)
  
  • Answer: in the place of the sun (the gate with the sun) there is now a monument to A. Pushikin, which at the time when the photograph was taken had not yet been moved to this side of Tverskaya Street. An excerpt from a poem by A. Pushkin is written on the monument:
    ...Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus'
    And every tongue that is in it will call me,
    And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and Finn, and now wild.
    Tungus, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk...
    Nations mentioned in the passage: Finn, Slavs, Tungus, Kalmyk
• KP28 Visit the Aquarium Garden near Triumphal Square. What musical instruments are played by the figures in the fountains? (1 point)
  • Answer: The sculptures in the fountains play the panflute and the lyre (the harp and harp also counted).
• KP30 Go to the Ermolova Museum at the address: Tverskoy Boulevard, 11. You will receive the task at this point from the judge in the museum lobby. (2 points) The task given at the point: “What is the floor you’re standing on made of?”
  • Answer: the floor is made of cast iron
• KP38 Write whose museum is located in the Ryabushinsky mansion. Please note the opening hours written on the sign on the mansion. (3 points)
  • Answer: The Gorky Museum is located in the Ryabushinsky mansion; Opening hours: Wednesday-Sunday 11-17.30
• KP42 Take a walk along Leontyevsky Lane and look for a sign that says the old name of this lane. Rewrite all the years that are on the tablet. (2 points)
  • Answer: On the sign in this lane it is written that in 1938 the lane was renamed Stanislavsky Lane, and in 1994 it was renamed back. That is, it was necessary to write two years: 1938, 1994.
• KP43 Bolshoi Gnezdnikovsky Lane, building 10. What was on the roof, according to the sign on the house? (1 point)
  • Answer: On the roof of the house, according to the sign on it, there was a winter filming pavilion for the film company “Partnership of V. Vengerov, V. Gordin.” This house in B. Gnezdnikovsky Lane is the first skyscraper in Moscow
• KP47

The zoological museum operating at Moscow State University is considered the oldest and largest in the capital. Here you can get acquainted with the huge diversity of all modern animals living on our planet.

History of creation

Today, the zoological museum existing at Moscow State University is not only the largest in terms of the territory it occupies, but also the richest in terms of the volume of funds after a similar institution of a similar profile operating at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Truly unique specimens and rich scientific collections are collected here. The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street is one of the ten largest in the world.

In 1755, according to the decree of Elizabeth Petrovna, the Moscow Imperial University was founded. Today it is known as Moscow State University. The Zoological Museum was opened thirty-six years later. However, this does not prevent it from being considered one of the oldest Russian natural science centers.

Its history dates back to 1791. It was at this time that the Natural History Cabinet at Moscow State University was founded. A zoological museum was opened later on its base. Initially, the collection was replenished through private donations. The most significant was the collection from the Semiatichesky office and the P. Demidov museum. Very rare specimens of animals and plants, minerals, coins, etc. were collected here. Unfortunately, almost all museum exhibits of the Imperial University were destroyed during the fire of 1812.

Miraculously, only a few rare shells of mollusks and corals were preserved.

Branch

In the twenties, a zoological collection was separated from the partially restored office. It formed the basic basis of the museum of the same name. The latter was housed in Pashkov’s former house, which was reconstructed into an auditorium building for Moscow State University. The Zoological Museum was organized according to a systematic principle. This, according to the organizers, made it possible to illustrate as comprehensively as possible the entire natural evolution of animals.

Managers

From 1804 to 1832, the organization was headed by G. I. Fisher. He was an outstanding zoologist, a student of K. Linnaeus himself, who wrote the very first scientific works on the Russian fauna. In 1832, the first director of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University developed a project according to which he proposed organizing the institution entrusted to him according to the model of classical French, English and German analogues. However, his proposal was not accepted.

From 1837 to 1858 The zoological museum was headed by K. F. Roulier. Being the founder of the Russian ecological school, he focused on the domestic fauna and its study. Roulier attached great importance not only to the collection of serial materials on modern animals, but also fossils. Thanks to this concept, by the end of the fifties of the nineteenth century, the museum had accumulated more than sixty-five thousand exhibits.

Professor A.P. Bogdanov, who led it from 1863 to 1896, played an invaluable role in the development of this institution. It was they who divided the existing funds, separated exhibition, scientific and educational ones, and systematized accounting work. In 1866, the exhibition of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University was open to viewing, and by the end of the nineteenth century, according to statistics, up to eight thousand people visited it annually.

Moving to a new building

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new building was built especially for the museum, which in those years was headed by Professor A. Tikhomirov. The project was made by academician Bykhovsky. The new building was located on the corner of Dolgorukovsky (formerly Nikitsky) lane and Bolshaya Nikitskaya street. It has remained in its original form to this day, without any structural changes.

In 1911, a new systematic exhibition was opened to the public in the upper hall. In the twenties of the last century, the building on Bolshaya Nikitskaya also housed work premises for employees of the Zoology Research Institute, and since 1930 - some divisions of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University. The Zoological Museum was also included in its structure.

War years

In July 1941, the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University on Bolshaya Nikitskaya was closed for obvious reasons. Part of his scientific collections was evacuated to Ashgabat, and the rest were placed in the lower hall. Since March 1942, two halls on the second floor were reopened to the public, and after the end of the war, the lower level was also opened. The evacuated funds returned to their native lands in 1943. The fifties of the last century were marked by the liberation of the museum building from the Faculty of Biology.

Halls of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University

Today, visitors are presented with more than ten thousand exhibits illustrating the enormous diversity of the animal world of our planet. In the spacious halls of the museum, the exhibitions are built systematically, according to evolutionary criteria and the international zoological classification. This allows visitors to easily navigate through the sections of the rich collection. Miniature life forms, for example single-celled organisms, are represented in the museum by dummies.

The hall on the first floor contains most of the exhibits - from insects and shells to higher beings. Presented in the form of original dioramas, the exhibitions give visitors the opportunity to see representatives of the animal world - reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, etc. in their natural habitat. One of the rooms displays deep-sea life forms, as well as ocean floor ecosystems.

Top floor

The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov is a three-story building. Its halls are located on the first two. On the second floor there is the “Bone Hall”. It was given this name because it contains the skeletons of many animals belonging to various zoological orders. The upper hall today is completely dedicated to an exhibition telling about the huge variety of mammals and birds. Almost all the objects in this exhibition are stuffed animals, which were made by the best Russian taxidermists working at the end of the nineteenth and throughout the twentieth century. In both halls, exhibits are mainly placed in strict accordance with their systematic positions.

The symbol of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University is a small animal, the muskrat. It is he who is depicted on the emblem. There is so much interesting in the museum that it is impossible to see everything in one day. One of the most recent exhibits is the hydrothermal vent community. Compared to other sections of the museum, it looks very unusual. The main object of this exhibition is not a specific systematic group, but different animals that together make up a common ecosystem that is “immersed” in the ocean. This is the only earthly system of its kind, which directly owes its existence on a planetary scale to processes occurring in the bowels of the earth.

Exhibits

A small number of stuffed animals are mounted along the central line of the upper hall. There are also thematic displays dedicated to birds - “Hunting with Birds of Falcon”, “Bird Bazaar”, “Birds of the Moscow Region”.

The Zoological Museum of Moscow State University carries out serious work, studying and systematizing knowledge about animals. Of the ten million exhibits available, only eighty percent are on display. Among them there are also unique representatives of the fauna, for example, the heaviest goliath beetle, etc.

The largest and most interesting exhibits of the museum, due to their substantial size, are presented in the lobby. One of them is a stuffed elephant, which lived in the Moscow Zoo in the post-war years. The second exhibit is the skeleton of a rare woolly mammoth - the last species to live on the planet. It has an interesting feature - a trace of a serious fracture of the skull bone. In addition to biological exhibits, the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University has a good collection of paintings by animal artists.

Additional Information

The institution carries out active scientific work. Many famous scientists, including foreign ones, collaborate with the museum. He has a good library, which contains more than two hundred thousand volumes of literature and research related to biological topics. The museum organizes not only excursions for visitors of different ages, but also interactive classes for children from four to fifteen years old. Lessons are conducted according to the type of active communication. The museum constantly hosts themed children's parties: “Bird Day”, “Russian Muskrat”, etc. By the way, the last animal is, as already mentioned, a symbol of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University.

On weekends there is a scientific terrarium here. The museum contains numerous living reptiles. Visitors are allowed to feed the chameleons, hold an agama, and the terrarium staff will talk about the habits of their charges in a fascinating manner. The cost of a ticket to visit the museum for adults is two hundred, and schoolchildren, students and pensioners need to pay fifty rubles.

Today our turn is the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. And the emphasis in the topic will not be in terms of the exhibition of this magnificent museum, but as a remarkable architectural object of Old Moscow. The Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University has a glorious history. And besides, it was in this museum that Vladimir Ipatievich Persikov, the main character of Mikhail Bulgakov’s science fiction story “Fatal Eggs,” worked. We will not leave history behind - and we will also examine this architectural masterpiece both from Bolshaya Nikitskaya and from the courtyard of Moscow State University.

The Research Zoological Museum of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University is one of the largest natural history museums in Russia. In terms of the volume of scientific funds, it is among the first ten largest museums in the world of this profile, and ranks second in Russia. Its scientific collections currently include more than 8 million storage units. The annual increase in scientific collections is about 25-30 thousand units. storage The most extensive collections are entomological (about 3 million), mammals (more than 200 thousand) and birds (157 thousand). The modern exhibition includes about 7.5 thousand exhibits: two halls are dedicated to the systematic part, one to the evolutionary-morphological part. More than 150 thousand people visit the museum every year.
02.

The museum was founded in 1791 as a “cabinet of natural history” at the Imperial Moscow University. Back in 1759, a natural science museum was formed at Moscow University, then called the Mineralogical Cabinet. After biological ones appeared among its exhibits, in 1759 a “cabinet of natural history” was created from them.

In 1802, Pavel Grigorievich Demidov, who had his own natural science museum, which included excellent collections compiled in the three kingdoms of nature (including minerals) and an excellent library, expressed a desire to transfer it to Moscow University and previously contributed 100 thousand rubles to the safe treasury, so that the percentage of the donated amount went to the maintenance of the museum and to the salary of that special professor of the newly formed department of natural history, who would become the custodian of the collections.
03.

Specially invited to Moscow in 1803, G.I. Fischer von Waldheim, in 1804, began organizing and describing the university collections and the P.G. Demidova. He completed the first inventory of the collections in 1806-1807.
04.

In the Moscow fire of 1812, the priceless scientific wealth of the museum was almost completely destroyed. Fischer, who remained in Moscow, managed to save only part of the conchological collection (mollusks). Fischer, having transferred all his personal collections and library to the museum, began to attract many naturalists and private collectors to the active acquisition of new funds and concerns about the restoration of the museum, and already in 1814 the revived museum had 6 thousand items of storage. In the inventory of the collections of the restored museum, published by G.I. Fischer in 1822, there were almost 10 thousand items. The zoological and mineralogical collections were finally separated - even territorially. The revived zoological museum was housed in a wing of the new classroom building. By the early 1830s, G.I. Fischer managed to increase the volume of the collection to 25 thousand items. Initially, the collection served primarily educational purposes. Since 1866, the museum has become publicly accessible. The building on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street was specially built for the museum according to the design of K. M. Bykovsky (in 1892-1902) in the eclectic style. In the 1930s, the museum was included in the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University.
05.

The Zoological Museum consists of two buildings, placed at right angles along Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street and Nikitsky Lane. At the junction at the corner there is a semi-rotunda the height of the first tier with a portal framed by Tuscan semi-columns. The decorative elements use animalistic and plant motifs.
06.

Now, let's take a look into the courtyard of the Zoological Museum and, at the same time, Moscow State University...
07.

Before us is the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics.
08.

On the right is the building of the Institute of Asian and African Countries.
09.

To the left are the Research Institute and the Department of Normal Physiology.
10.

And this is the building of the Zoological Museum from the courtyard.
11.

The Zoological Institute became the setting for Mikhail Bulgakov’s fantastic story “The Fatal Eggs”. It was here that Professor Persikov invented a certain red ray, which contributed to the rapid development of animal organisms. Reptiles then overran the capital and surrounding areas, and a catastrophe ensued... The story was perceived by contemporaries as a libelous satire on the communist idea: behind Vladimir Ipatievich Persikov the figure of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was seen, and the red beam was a symbol of the socialist revolution in Russia, which was carried out under the slogan of building a better future , but brought terror and dictatorship.

Second half of the 1750s. Foundation of Moscow University with the Department of Natural History (1755); donation to the University by the Demidov family of their family collection of natural history objects - the “Henkel Cabinet” (1757–1759), the establishment on its basis of the Mineral (Natural) Cabinet at the said Department (1759) - the predecessor of the modern Zoological and Mineralogical Museums.

1770 The mineral cabinet is being brought into the system, and its first inventory is being compiled.

1791 Relocation of the Mineralogical (Natural) office from the former Pharmacy House to the new university building on Mokhovaya; from this year it begins to be titled “Cabinet of Natural History”; This year marks the existence of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University.

1805–1807 Based on donated P.G. Demidov of the collection of natural history at the University established the Demidov Department of Natural History with the transfer of the Cabinet of Natural History to the jurisdiction of its ordinary professor (head); bringing the two main sections of the university collection - the “Imperial Museum” and the “Demidov Museum” - into order, corresponding to the Natural System accepted in Europe; its complete catalog is compiled and published.

1810s Destruction of almost the entire university collection of natural history objects in the Moscow fire (1812); the restoration of this collection anew through numerous donations (1813 onwards); its location is in the restored university building on Mokhovaya on the right corner of Nikitskaya Street. (1818); the new collection is organized not according to the previous “departmental”, but according to a “natural” principle - like the Zoological and Mineralogical cabinets.

Mid-second half of the 1830s. According to the new university Charter, the single Demidov Department and the Museum of Natural History were abolished and divided according to the above “natural” principle into departments of zoology and mineralogy with offices of the same name attached to them (1835), they are assigned to different professors; however, subsequent (up to the 1860s) university annual reports indicate that these offices are departments of the Natural History Museum; moving the collections to the new building of the University on the left side of Nikitskaya Street. (1837).

Late 1840s The zoological and mineralogical collections are separated geographically: this became an important prerequisite for the transformation of the Zoological Cabinet into a full-fledged Zoological Museum.

First half of the 1860s By order of the trustee of the Moscow educational district, almost the entire collection of naturals that makes up the university Museum of Natural History was transferred to the newly created Public Museum (1861); in 1864–1865 collections have been returned. The Zoological Cabinet is fully integrated with the Department of Zoology, a special “staffing division” has been established between them: this strengthened the demarcation of the two sections of the named Museum of Natural History (which had actually ceased its “single” existence) and became the last step towards the transformation of the Zoological Cabinet into an independent Zoological Museum (1870 -e years).

1900s Moving of the Zoo Museum to the newly rebuilt building of the Zoological Building on the right side of Nikitskaya Street, which it shares with the Institute and Museum of Comparative Anatomy (1901–1902). The exhibition halls on the second floor are equipped with specially ordered metal display cases from the Künscherf company (1907–1909). The floor in the Lower Hall was completely rebuilt (1910). The upper hall of the Zoo Museum opens to visitors (1911).

First half of the 1930s. In connection with the reorganization of the entire scientific and educational system of the country, the Zoo Museum is assigned a mainly educational (exhibition) function. Its scientific part (including the management of stock collections) is briefly transferred to the jurisdiction of the Scientific Research Institute of Zoology (NIIZ), whose leadership proposes to distribute the museum collections to other universities, museums and schools (1930). The Museum of Comparative Anatomy (1931) is attached to the Zoo Museum; The Zoo Museum (in its new composition) is transferred from the university subordination to the direct subordination of the Main Science of the People's Commissariat for Education, it receives the name “Moscow Zoological Museum” (1931). From now on, the director of the Zoo Museum is appointed regardless of official position in any of the faculty departments; the administrative and staffing system is changing in it (1932), accounting, storage and exhibition work is being established (1933–1935); the exhibition in the Lower Hall is reorganized and it opens to the public (1932–1933).

First half of the 1940s. In connection with the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, part of the Zoo Museum’s collections was taken to Ashgabat, some were conserved (1941); some time later they return to Moscow and are placed in their original places; the exhibition halls on the second floor are opened to the public (1942–1943)

Early 1950s Due to the introduction of a new salary system in the scientific and teaching system, almost all of its leading employees are leaving the Zoo Museum. In preparation for the move of most of the faculties of Moscow University to a new complex of buildings on the Lenin Hills, many premises of the Zoo Museum are allocated for various types of services and materials, exhibition halls are closed to the public, and a significant part of the collections is conserved (1951–1952). After the move and the vacancy of the premises, storage and exhibition work returned to normal (1955–1955). The relocation of the Faculty of Biology greatly reduced the possibility of including museum collections in the pedagogical process; For the same reason, the Zoo Museum was deprived of almost its entire scientific library.

Mid-1960s To correct the abnormal situation with the official salaries of Zoo Museum researchers, they are officially “assigned” to specialized departments of the Faculty of Biology. The situation with salaries is improving, employees continue to work within the walls of the Zoo Museum, providing the entire system of replenishment, storage and use of collection funds, but “legally” it is deprived of its scientific and conservation staff.

1970s and 1980s The museum is entering a difficult and long period of major renovation, which began with the failure of the floor of the lower hall (1971). During the renovation, the area occupied by the Museum was significantly expanded (due to the addition of premises previously allocated for residential apartments), the Lower Hall was equipped with new metal display cases, the Zoological Auditorium was reconstructed, many storage facilities were equipped with metal racks and cabinets. During the second half of the 1980s. collections are housed in the old and new premises, exhibition halls are open to the public.

1991 The Zoo Museum has been given the status of a research institution, it is called the “Research Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov"; Researchers working at the Zoo Museum are once again officially included in its staff.

Early–mid 2010s Scientific and educational activities are significantly intensifying at the Zoo Museum. The zoological auditorium is reorganized into the Biolecture Hall (2006), and the Zoological Museum begins to actively participate in city educational events. New divisions are being established: a terrarium with scientific and educational functions (2010), a sector of scientific and public projects (2010), the Belomorsk branch of the Zoo Museum on the basis of the Belomorsk Biological Station of Moscow State University (2011). Digital technologies are beginning to be actively used in scientific storage and educational work: electronic databases on scientific (including standard) collections are being organized.

Zoological Museum The Zoological Museum was founded on the basis of the collections of the Zoological Cabinet of the Kunstkamera in 1832 and until the end of the 19th century was located in a building adjacent to the academic center. Then he moved to a new building provided to him on the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island in 1901, where he remains to this day. In 1896, it was transferred to the southern warehouse of the Exchange (built in the years under the direction of the architect I.F. Luchini), where the “exhibition hall” was located - the first room in Russia specially equipped for exhibitions. The museum is still located here today. In 1930, the museum was transformed into the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which still exists today on the basis of the museum’s huge zoological collections. The museum itself is the exhibition department of the institute and at the same time it is one of the largest zoological museums in the world (animals, stuffed animals and skeletons of many rare and extinct animals, blue corals, etc.). Exhibition area sq.m., where exhibits are displayed. The collections of animals of the Palaearctic, especially Central Asia, and the mammoth fauna (including the mammoths themselves) are unique. Skeletons and fragments of bodies preserved in permafrost are on display. The exhibitions include many dioramas representing animals in natural conditions.

In particular, here you can see the skeleton of Steller's cow. The size of the animal is amazing: 10 meters in length and about 2 meters in volume. The animal was first discovered in 1740 by the expedition of Vitus Bering off the coast of the Commander Islands. An amazing marine mammal was sketched and described by a member of the expedition, scientist Georg Steller, after whom the sea cow was named. Thirty years after the discovery of Steller's cow, it was completely destroyed and disappeared as a species. Mammoths are also on display. These extinct animals were very similar to modern elephants with some exceptions: they lived in a cold climate and were covered with hair. In addition, mammoth tusks were more massive and heavier than those of elephants, and had a more complex shape and structure. Mammoths lived during the Ice Age and not just somewhere in Africa, but in Europe, including in Russia. In August 1900, the first mammoth corpse was discovered near the Berezovka River. And in 1977, the corpse of a baby mammoth was found near the Kirgilyakh stream, which was given the name Dima. It was found that the baby mammoth had eaten well before his death. In his stomach, scientists found grass and tree branches - the remains of his last meal. Dima was successfully transported to the Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg, where he is now kept. In particular, here you can see the skeleton of Steller's cow. The size of the animal is amazing: 10 meters in length and about 2 meters in volume. The animal was first discovered in 1740 by the expedition of Vitus Bering off the coast of the Commander Islands. An amazing marine mammal was sketched and described by a member of the expedition, scientist Georg Steller, after whom the sea cow was named. Thirty years after the discovery of Steller's cow, it was completely destroyed and disappeared as a species. Mammoths are also on display. These extinct animals were very similar to modern elephants with some exceptions: they lived in a cold climate and were covered with hair. In addition, mammoth tusks were more massive and heavier than those of elephants, and had a more complex shape and structure. Mammoths lived during the Ice Age and not just somewhere in Africa, but in Europe, including in Russia. In August 1900, the first mammoth corpse was discovered near the Berezovka River. And in 1977, the corpse of a baby mammoth was found near the Kirgilyakh stream, which was given the name Dima. It was found that the baby mammoth had eaten well before his death. In his stomach, scientists found grass and tree branches - the remains of his last meal. Dima was successfully transported to the Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg, where he is now kept.

History of the Zoological Museum The Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the oldest museums in Russia. The history of the museum is connected with the Kunstkamera - the first museum in Russia, created by Peter I in 1714. The Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the oldest museums in Russia. The history of the museum is connected with the Kunstkamera - the first museum in Russia, created by Peter I in 1714. In 1832, on the basis of the zoological collections of the Kunstkamera, the independent Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences arose. This year is considered the year of its foundation. Later, in 1930, the Museum was transformed into the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, now the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the largest zoological museums in the world and in our country. Currently, the museum exhibition occupies most of the second floor of the vast building of the Zoological Institute, as well as the choir room in the first hall. About 30 thousand specimens of animals from all regions of the globe are exhibited here, and the total exhibition area is 6 thousand square meters. m. The museum is the exhibition department of the Institute. The Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the largest zoological museums in the world and in our country. Currently, the museum exhibition occupies most of the second floor of the vast building of the Zoological Institute, as well as the choir room in the first hall. About 30 thousand specimens of animals from all regions of the globe are exhibited here, and the total exhibition area is 6 thousand square meters. m. The museum is the exhibition department of the Institute.

The modern Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its museum are one of the world's largest repositories of animals. The institute's scientific funds total about 50 million units. storage The division of the Museum’s collections, and then the Institute’s, into exhibition and stock collections was made more than a hundred years ago and continues to this day. The modern Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its museum are one of the world's largest repositories of animals. The institute's scientific funds total about 50 million units. storage The division of the Museum’s collections, and then the Institute’s, into exhibition and stock collections was made more than a hundred years ago and continues to this day.

At first, the Museum occupied premises in the Museum wing of the academy. The rapid growth of the Museum's collections required new spacious premises. It was granted in 1893. The Museum, and subsequently the Institute, is still located in this building near the Palace Bridge.

The history of the building has many interesting pages that preceded the appearance of the Museum here. Remodeling it for the needs of the Museum, moving collections and creating a new exhibition required a lot of money and effort. Only 7 years later, on February 6/19, 1901, in the presence of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, numerous members of the reigning family and government officials, the Museum was reopened to visitors.

New collections were constantly arriving at the Museum. Replenishment came from three main sources - expeditions of Russian scientists, gifts from individuals from all over Russia and from abroad, and through purchases and exchanges. When placing the exhibition in the new building, much attention was paid to the creation of so-called biological groups - showcases where animals were shown in their natural environment. This museum innovation significantly increased the educational value of the exhibitions.

From the very first days of the Museum's existence to the present, a significant part of the incoming materials was made in the form of stuffed animals for the purpose of exhibiting them in the Museum. Wonderful masters of their craft worked on this, creating the St. Petersburg school of taxidermy, the leading one in Russia. Currently, the museum has its own taxidermy workshop.

The Zoological Museum is the largest center of zoological and environmental education in the North-West region of Russia. The excursions conducted by the Museum's staff of guides cover all modern problems of zoology and are designed for visitors of almost any age and background, from kindergarten children to students of specialized biological and medical institutes. About 500 thousand people visit the museum annually.

Museum exhibition Currently, the museum exhibition occupies most of the second floor of the vast building of the Zoological Institute, as well as the choirs in the first hall. The number of exhibits on display exceeds, and the total exhibition area is sq. m. Currently, the museum exhibition occupies most of the second floor of the vast building of the Zoological Institute, as well as the choir in the first hall. The number of exhibits on display exceeds, and the total exhibition area is sq. m. The main principle of building the exhibition is the demonstration of animals in accordance with a modern scientifically based system. It is complemented by displaying animals in a natural setting. The main principle of building the exhibition is to demonstrate animals in accordance with a modern scientifically based system. It is complemented by displaying animals in a natural setting. Biological groups and dioramas in the birds and mammals section demonstrate the inhabitants of the main biogeographic zones of Eurasia, and the invertebrates section reflects the diversity of natural zones of the World Ocean from tropical to subpolar regions. Biological groups and dioramas in the birds and mammals section demonstrate the inhabitants of the main biogeographic zones of Eurasia, and the invertebrates section reflects the diversity of natural zones of the World Ocean from tropical to subpolar regions. One of the museum's exhibitions is dedicated to the recent geological past of the Earth and demonstrates fossil animals - mammoths and mammoth fauna. One of the museum's exhibitions is dedicated to the recent geological past of the Earth and demonstrates fossil animals - mammoths and mammoth fauna.

The systematic collection of invertebrates contains many rare exhibits. One of these wonders is the longest giant “Sea Pen”, 2.6 m long, obtained by the drifting station “North Pole-6”. The museum has a collection of tridacna, among which there is the shell of the unique Rosewater tridacna (Fig.), described by the staff of our institute in 1991 and known only from one single place - the Sail de Malha Bank in the western Indian Ocean.

Insects This most numerous class of the animal world is represented by more than exhibits located in the choirs of the first hall of the Museum and representing all orders of insects. The collections of tropical butterflies, beetles and grasshoppers attract special attention from visitors with their bright colors and large sizes.

Fishes The collection of fishes and fishes is located in the first half of the second hall on the left side and in its center. There are 720 species of fish from the globe represented here. The collection of fish-like creatures and fishes is located in the first half of the second hall on the left side and in its center. There are 720 species of fish from the globe represented here. The collections of sharks, rays, sturgeon and salmon are especially well represented.

Amphibians and Reptiles Exhibits representing more than 500 species of these classes of vertebrates occupy the central part of the left side and middle of the second hall. Exhibits representing more than 500 species of these classes of vertebrates occupy the central part of the left side and middle of the second hall. Class Amphibians (amphibians) Representatives of this class are four-legged animals from the anamnia group, body temperature is variable, skin is bare, with a large number of glands. There are internal nostrils of the choanae. The middle ear has one auditory ossicle. The cervical and sacral spine are formed by one vertebra. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart with two circulation circles. Fertilization occurs in water, and the larvae also develop in water. The class accommodates about species. Orders of amphibians: Tailless (frog) Tailed (newt, salamander) Legless (caecilian) The habitat of amphibians is located on the border between water and land. Their skin is bare and moist with glands that secrete mucus. Mucus has bactericidal properties, and also contains irritating substances, which, due to their properties, repel amphibian predators. Constantly moisturizing the skin is necessary for breathing, since amphibians suffocate the entire surface. For example, the ratio of the lengths of capillaries of the skin and lungs in a newt is 4:1, and in a toad it is 1:3.

Reptiles Reptiles are terrestrial animals with variable body temperatures. Reptiles have a well-defined neck, dry skin with keratinized epidermis, and no glands. The thoracic spine contains ribs that form the rib cage. The cortex appears in the cerebral hemispheres. The heart is 3-chambered with an incomplete septum in the ventricle. The excretory organs are the pelvic kidneys. Fertilization is internal. The class contains about species. Subclasses of reptiles: Lizards (beak-headed) Scaly turtles Crocodiles General skeleton (crocodile) Komodo dragon

Birds The exhibition dedicated to birds is located in the last third of the second hall, and its entire right side and central part is occupied by biogroups showing the life of birds in a wide variety of conditions - in the European, Siberian and Far Eastern taiga, in the semi-desert and on the sea coast, in the tundra, in the mountains and on lakes. The exhibition dedicated to birds is located in the last third of the second hall, and its entire right side and central part is occupied by biogroups showing the life of birds in a wide variety of conditions - in the European, Siberian and Far Eastern taiga, in the semi-desert and on the sea coast, in the tundra, in mountains and lakes.

The systematic collection (left side of the hall) represents all existing orders of birds. Of particular interest here are the collections of birds of prey, waders, hummingbirds, parrots, woodpeckers, pigeons and passerines. Bird class Birds are warm-blooded animals adapted for flight. The forelimbs are modified into wings, the body is covered with feathers. The cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres are well developed, there is a cortex. The heart is 4-chambered, with a right aortic arch. The lungs are connected to the air sac system. Birds reproduce by laying eggs. The class contains about species. Superorders of birds: Keel-breasted Ratite Penguins The body shape of birds is streamlined, adapted for flight. Almost all systems are adapted for flight. The size of birds varies slightly. The largest flying birds are the condor (wingspan reaches 2.5 m), the smallest are hummingbirds (body length 5 cm). In our fauna, the smallest bird is the wren. Body coverings and their modifications: feathers are a modification of the epidermis. The feather is a horny hollow rod that has a fan (horny beards). This feather system ensures air impermeability of the bird's body cover, which allows it to rely on air. Feathers change regularly, and molting occurs between feeding periods.

Mammals Collections of mammals occupy part I and the entire III halls of the museum. In Hall I, skeletons and stuffed animals of cetaceans and pinnipeds are exhibited; the exhibition in Hall III presents the remaining orders of this class. There are also more than 90 biological groups showing animals in their natural habitat.

The exhibition of mammoth fauna, collections of Przhevalsky, Langsdorff, Voznesensky, as well as superbly executed biological groups of Amur tigers, saigas, giraffes and lions enjoy constant attention. Mammals are warm-blooded animals covered with hair. Mammals have a well-defined head with an external ear, neck, torso, and tail. The skin has sebaceous and sweat glands, the muscles are well differentiated. There is a diaphragm - a flat muscular partition between the lungs and other internal organs. The teeth are differentiated into incisors, canines and molars. The lungs have an alveolar structure. The heart is 4 chambered with a left aortic arch. Mammals give birth to live young, and females feed their offspring with their milk. Mammals are higher vertebrates. Signs of a complex organization: High development of the central nervous system and sensory organs, due to which they are distinguished by complex behavior. The heart is divided into left and right parts, which allows the arterial system to carry pure arterial blood. Females have a hollow organ called the uterus, which allows them to carry a baby for a long time and give birth to it alive. The presence of mammary glands allows them to feed their young after birth. Mammals are the pinnacle of the evolution of animal development, they are ubiquitous, the organ system works perfectly as a whole. The class contains about species. Subclasses: Oviparous (cloacal, monotreme) Marsupial Placental The size of mammals varies significantly. The smallest animal is the tiny shrew, body approximately 2 cm, weight 2.5 g. The largest mammal is the blue whale, whose body reaches 33 m and weighs 150 tons. Mammalian skin consists of epidermis and dermis, as well as subcutaneous fat.

Rare and endangered animals All sections of the exhibition feature so-called “Red Book” species, that is, those animals whose existence is currently under threat. All sections of the exhibition present the so-called “Red Book” species, that is, those animals whose existence is currently under threat. Some of them are included in the Red Book of the World, some - in national or regional Red Books.

Here are rare species of fish (Amu Darya and Syrdarya shovelnose), and the giant Japanese salamander, and the famous hatteria, the last surviving representative of the once vast order of beak-headed reptiles, the Japanese ibis and the Californian condor, Amur tigers, okapi and many others.

Extinct animals Exhibits representing extinct animals are unique because they will never be obtained again. Undoubtedly, the first place among them is occupied by the world-famous collection of our Museum, which includes the remains of mammoths and other animals of the mammoth fauna, preserved in the permafrost of the Eurasian North. Here you can see the world’s only stuffed adult mammoth (Berezovsky mammoth), mummies of two mammoths, heads of woolly rhinoceroses, limbs and skulls of ancient bison, horses, the skeleton of a cave bear...