Frost and cold, a wonderful day. Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “Winter Morning” (1)

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.

The whole room has an amber shine
Illuminated. Cheerful crackling
The flooded stove crackles.
It's nice to think by the bed.
But you know: shouldn’t I tell you to get into the sleigh?
Ban the brown filly?

Sliding on the morning snow,
Dear friend, let's indulge in running
impatient horse
And we'll visit the empty fields,
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

Analysis of the poem “Winter Morning” by Pushkin

The poem “Winter Morning” is a brilliant lyrical work by Pushkin. It was written in 1829, when the poet had already been released from exile.

“Winter Morning” refers to the poet’s works dedicated to the quiet idyll of village life. The poet always treated the Russian people and Russian nature with deep trepidation. Love for the Motherland and native language was Pushkin’s innate quality. He conveyed this feeling with great skill in his works.

The poem begins with a line known to almost everyone: “Frost and sun; wonderful day!” From the first lines, the author creates a magical picture of a clear winter day. The lyrical hero greets his beloved - “adorable friend.” The amazing transformation of nature that took place overnight is revealed through a sharp contrast: “the blizzard was angry”, “the darkness was rushing” - “the spruce is turning green”, “the river is shining”. Changes in nature, according to the poet, will definitely affect a person’s mood. He invites his “sad beauty” to look out the window and feel the splendor of the morning landscape.

Pushkin liked to live in the village, away from the noisy bustle of the city. He describes the simple everyday joys. A person needs little to be happy: a cozy house with a hot stove and the presence of his beloved woman. A sleigh ride can be a particular pleasure. The poet strives to admire the fields and forests so dear to him, to evaluate the changes that have occurred to them. The charm of a walk is given by the presence of a “dear friend” with whom you can share your joy and delight.

Pushkin is considered one of the founders of the modern Russian language. “Winter Morning” is one of the small but important building blocks in this matter. The poem is written in simple and understandable language. Iambic tetrameter, which the poet loved so much, is ideal for describing the beauty of the landscape. The work is imbued with extraordinary purity and clarity. The main means of expression are numerous epithets. The past sad day includes: “cloudy”, “pale”, “gloomy”. A real joyful day is “magnificent”, “transparent”, “amber”. The central comparison of the poem is dedicated to the beloved woman - the “star of the north.”

There is no hidden philosophical meaning in the poem, no omissions or allegories. Without using beautiful phrases and expressions, Pushkin painted a magnificent picture that cannot leave anyone indifferent.

Poems by A.S. Pushkin about winter - an excellent way to look at snowy and cold weather with different eyes, to see in it the beauty that gray everyday life and dirty streets hide from us. It was not for nothing that they said that nature has no bad weather.

Painting by Viktor Grigorievich Tsyplakov “Frost and Sun”

WINTER MORNING

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.

The whole room has an amber shine
Illuminated. Cheerful crackling
The flooded stove crackles.
It's nice to think by the bed.
But you know: shouldn’t I tell you to get into the sleigh?
Harness the brown filly?

Sliding on the morning snow,
Dear friend, let's indulge in running
impatient horse
And we'll visit the empty fields,
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

Painting by Alexey Savrasov "Courtyard. Winter"

WINTER EVENING

The storm covers the sky with darkness,
Whirling snow whirlwinds;
Then, like a beast, she will howl,
Then he will cry like a child,
Then on the dilapidated roof
Suddenly the straw will rustle,
The way a belated traveler
There will be a knock on our window.

Our dilapidated shack
And sad and dark.
What are you doing, my old lady?
Silent at the window?
Or howling storms
You, my friend, are tired,
Or dozing under the buzzing
Your spindle?

Let's have a drink, good friend
My poor youth
Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?
The heart will be more cheerful.
Sing me a song like a tit
She lived quietly across the sea;
Sing me a song like a maiden
I went to get water in the morning.

The storm covers the sky with darkness,
Whirling snow whirlwinds;
Then, like a beast, she will howl,
She will cry like a child.
Let's have a drink, good friend
My poor youth
Let's drink from grief: where is the mug?
The heart will be more cheerful.

Painting by Alexey Savrasov "Winter Road"

Here is the north, the clouds are catching up...

Here is the north, the clouds are catching up,
He breathed, howled - and here she is
The winter sorceress is coming,
She came and fell apart; shreds
Hanged on the branches of oak trees,
Lay down in wavy carpets
Among the fields around the hills.
Brega with a still river
She leveled it with a plump veil;
The frost has flashed, and we are glad
To the pranks of Mother Winter.

Painting by Gustav Courbet "The Outskirts of a Village in Winter"

WINTER!... PEASANT TRIUMPHANT... (Excerpt from the poem "Eugene Onegin")

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On the firewood he renews the path;
His horse smells the snow,
Trotting along somehow;
Fluffy reins exploding,
The daring carriage flies;
The coachman sits on the beam
In a sheepskin coat and a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Having planted a bug in the sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The naughty man has already frozen his finger:
He is both painful and funny,
And his mother threatens him through the window.

Painting by Isaac Brodsky "Winter"

WINTER ROAD

Through the wavy mists
The moon creeps in
To the sad meadows
She sheds a sad light.

On the winter, boring road
Three greyhounds are running,
Single bell
It rattles tiresomely.

Something sounds familiar
In the coachman's long songs:
That reckless revelry
That's heartbreak...

Painting by Nikolai Krymov "Winter Evening"

IT WAS AUTUMN WEATHER THAT YEAR

That year the weather was autumn
She stood in the yard for a long time.
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting,
Snow only fell in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatiana saw in the window
In the morning the yard turned white,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
There are light patterns on the glass,
Trees in winter silver,
Forty merry ones in the yard
And softly carpeted mountains
Winter is a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything sparkles all around.

The poem “Winter Morning” was written by Alexander Sergeevich on November 3, 1829 in one day.

It was a difficult period in the poet's life. About six months earlier, he wooed Natalya Goncharova, but was refused, which, according to Pushkin, drove him crazy. Trying to somehow distract himself from unpleasant experiences, the poet chose one of the most reckless ways - to go to the active army, to the Caucasus, where there was a war with Turkey.

After staying there for several months, the rejected groom decides to return and ask for Natalya’s hand in marriage again. On his way home, he visits his friends, the Wulf family, in the village of Pavlovskoye, Tula province, where this work is created.

In terms of its genre, the poem “Frost and Sun, a Wonderful Day...” refers to landscape lyricism, the artistic style is romanticism. It is written in iambic tetrameter, the poet’s favorite meter. It showed Pushkin’s high professionalism - few authors can beautifully write six-line stanzas.

Despite the apparent linearity of the poem, it is not only about the beauty of a winter morning. It bears the imprint of the author’s personal tragedy. This is shown in the second stanza - yesterday’s storm echoes the poet’s mood after the refusal of matchmaking. But further, using the example of magnificent morning landscapes, Pushkin’s optimism and belief that he can win the hand of his beloved are revealed.

And so it happened - in May of the following year, the Goncharov family approved Natalya’s marriage to Pushkin.

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.

The whole room has an amber shine
Illuminated. Cheerful crackling
The flooded stove crackles.
It's nice to think by the bed.
But you know: shouldn’t I tell you to get into the sleigh?
Ban the brown filly?

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Reading the first stanza:

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

Let's pay attention to lines 4-6. They contain not only "dark" words, although their obscurity may not be noticed, but also two now outdated archaic facts of grammar. Firstly, aren’t we surprised by the phrase “open your eyes”? After all, now you can only cast your gaze, direct your gaze, lower your gaze, but not open it. Here the noun gazes has the old meaning of “eyes.” The word gaze with this meaning is constantly found in artistic speech of the first half of the 19th century. The participle “closed” is of unconditional interest here. A short participle, as you know, is always a predicate in a sentence. But then, where is the subject to which it refers? In meaning, the word closed clearly gravitates towards the noun gazes, but it is (open what?) an undoubted direct object. This means “closed” is the definition of the word “gaze”.

But why then are they closed and not closed? Before us is the so-called truncated participle, which, like the truncated adjective, was one of the favorite poetic liberties of poets of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries.

Now let's touch on one more word in this line. This is the noun "bliss". It is also not without interest. In S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary it is interpreted: “Nega - i.zh. (obsolete) 1. Complete contentment. Live in bliss. 2. Bliss, a pleasant state. Indulge in bliss."

“The Dictionary of Pushkin’s Language” notes along with this the following meanings: “State of serene peace” and “sensual intoxication, pleasure.” The word bliss does not correspond to the listed meanings in the poem in question. In this case, it is best translated into modern Russian by the word sleep, since sleep is the most complete “state of serene peace.”

Let's go down a line below. Here, too, linguistic facts await us that require clarification. There are two of them. Firstly, this is the word Aurora. As a proper name, it begins with a capital letter, but in its meaning it acts here as a common noun: the Latin name of the goddess of the morning dawn names the morning dawn itself. Secondly, its grammatical form. Indeed, now after the preposition towards, the dative case of the noun follows and, according to modern rules, it should be “Towards northern Aurora”. And the genitive case is Aurora. This is not a typo or an error, but a now obsolete archaic form. Previously, the preposition towards required a noun in the genitive case after itself. For Pushkin and his contemporaries this was the norm.

Let's say a few words about the phrase “Appear as a star of the north.” The word star (of the north) here means the most worthy woman in St. Petersburg, and is not used in its literal meaning - a celestial body.

Second stanza

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:

Here we will pay attention to the words evening and darkness. We know that the word vecher means yesterday evening. In common usage, the word haze now means darkness, gloom. The poet uses this word to mean “thick snow, hiding everything around in the fog, like a kind of curtain.”

Third stanza

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.

The third stanza of the poem is distinguished by its linguistic transparency. There is nothing out-of-date about it, and it does not need any explanation.

4th and 5th stanzas

The whole room has an amber shine
Illuminated. Cheerful crackling
The flooded stove crackles.
It's nice to think by the bed.
But you know: shouldn’t I tell you to get into the sleigh?
Ban the brown filly?

Sliding on the morning snow,
Dear friend, let's indulge in running
impatient horse
And we'll visit the empty fields,
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

There are linguistic “peculiarities” here. Here the poet says: “It’s nice to think by the couch.”

Analysis of incomprehensible words and expressions

Here the poet says: “It’s nice to think by the couch.” Do you understand this proposal? It turns out not. The word bed is bothering us here. A lounger is a low (at the level of a modern bed) ledge near a Russian stove, on which, while warming up, they rested or slept.

At the very end of this stanza, the word ban sounds strange and unusual instead of the normative, correct modern harness from the verb harness. At the time, both forms existed on equal terms, and, undoubtedly, the form “to ban” appeared here in Pushkin for rhyming as a fact of poetic license, which was determined by the word stove that stood above.

The winter sorceress is coming,
She came and fell apart; shreds
Hanged on the branches of oak trees,
Lay down in wavy carpets
Among the fields around the hills.
Brega with a still river
She leveled it with a plump veil;
The frost has flashed, and we are glad
To the pranks of Mother Winter.

A. S. Pushkin “Winter Morning”

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:

Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.

The whole room has an amber shine
Illuminated. Cheerful crackling
The flooded stove crackles.
It's nice to think by the bed.
But you know: shouldn’t I tell you to get into the sleigh?
Ban the brown filly?

Sliding on the morning snow,
Dear friend, let's indulge in running
impatient horse
And we'll visit the empty fields,
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

A. S. Pushkin “Excerpts from the poem “Eugene Onegin”” Nature was waiting for winter. ,
Winter!.. Peasant, triumphant

That year the weather was autumn
I stood in the yard for a long time,
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow only fell in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatiana saw through the window
In the morning the yard turned white,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
There are light patterns on the glass,
Trees in winter silver,
Forty merry ones in the yard
And softly carpeted mountains
Winter is a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white all around.

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On the firewood he renews the path;
His horse smells the snow,
Trotting along somehow;
Fluffy reins exploding,
The daring carriage flies;
The coachman sits on the beam
In a sheepskin coat and a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Having planted a bug in the sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The naughty man has already frozen his finger:
It's both painful and funny to him,
And his mother threatens him through the window...

A. S. Pushkin “Winter Road”

Through the wavy mists
The moon creeps in
To the sad meadows
She sheds a sad light.

On the winter, boring road
Three greyhounds are running,
Single bell
It rattles tiresomely.

Something sounds familiar
In the coachman's long songs:
That reckless revelry
That's heartbreak...

No fire, no black house...
Wilderness and snow... Towards me
Only miles are striped
They come across one.

Bored, sad... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget myself by the fireplace,
I'll take a look without looking at it.

The hour hand sounds loud
He will make his measuring circle,
And, removing the annoying ones,
Midnight will not separate us.

It’s sad, Nina: my path is boring,
My driver fell silent from his doze,
The bell is monotonous,
The moon's face is clouded.

A. S. Pushkin “Winter. What should we do in the village? I meet"

Winter. What should we do in the village? I meet
The servant bringing me a cup of tea in the morning,
Questions: is it warm? Has the snowstorm subsided?
Is there powder or not? and is it possible to have a bed?
Leave for the saddle, or better before lunch
Messing around with your neighbor's old magazines?
Powder. We get up and immediately get on horseback,
And trot across the field at first light of day;
Arapniks in hands, dogs following us;
We look at the pale snow with diligent eyes;
We circle, we scour, and sometimes it’s late,
Having poisoned two birds with one stone, we are heading home.
How much fun! Here is the evening: the blizzard howls;
The candle burns darkly; embarrassed, the heart aches;
Drop by drop, I slowly swallow the poison of boredom.
I want to read; eyes glide over the letters,
And my thoughts are far away... I close the book;
I take a pen and sit; I forcibly pull out
The slumbering muse has incoherent words.
The sound doesn’t match the sound... I’m losing all rights
Above the rhyme, above my strange servant:
The verse drags on sluggishly, cold and foggy.
Tired, I stop arguing with the lyre,
I go to the living room; I hear a conversation there
About the close elections, about the sugar factory;
The hostess frowns in the semblance of weather,
The steel knitting needles move nimbly,
Or the king is guessing about the red one.
Yearning! So day after day he goes into solitude!
But if in the evening in a sad village,
When I sit in the corner playing checkers,
Will come from afar in a wagon or cart
Unexpected family: old lady, two girls
(Two blond, two slender sisters) -
How the deaf side is brought to life!
How life, oh my God, becomes full!
First, indirectly attentive gazes,
Then a few words, then conversations,
And there is friendly laughter and songs in the evening,
And the waltzes are playful, and the whispers at the table,
And languid glances, and windy speeches,
There are slow meetings on the narrow staircase;
And the maiden goes out onto the porch at dusk:
The neck, chest are exposed, and the blizzard is in her face!
But the storms of the north are not harmful to the Russian rose.
How hot a kiss burns in the cold!
Like a Russian maiden fresh in the dust of snow!