What museum is located in the Ostankino estate. The Ostankino estate is the country residence of the “Russian Croesus”

Museum-Estate and Sheremetyev Palace in Kuskovo is located in the eastern part of Moscow, in the Veshnyaki district. Its history begins in the 20s of the 17th century. At that time, on the territory of the current estate there was a boyar's courtyard, a wooden church and serfs' courtyards. Already at that time, all this belonged to the noble family of Sheremetev.

Photo 1. Sheremetyev Palace in the museum-estate in Kuskovo

Sheremetyev estate in Kuskovo

Since 1750, Kuskovo has acquired the appearance of a vast estate. In 1770, a spacious palace was built, which is still the central part of the architectural ensemble, and a large pond was cleared, a regular park was laid out, and numerous gazebos were built.

In those years, the Kuskovo estate often became a place for magnificent celebrations, rich receptions and entertainment events.

Frequently visiting guests could visit the menagerie and the cabinet of curiosities, stroll through the wonderful flower greenhouse and take a ride on the waters of the pond - the Sheremetyevs owned a small flotilla of rowing boats.

Photo 2. Church of the All-Merciful Savior

Architecture and decoration of the palace in Kuskovo

Particular attention should be paid to the layout of the famous palace in Kuskovo.

It was built in the enfilade style that was fashionable at that time. The rooms of the palace are arranged sequentially: access to each next room is through the previous one.

Kuskovo remained in the possession of the Sheremetyevs until the October Revolution of 1917. With the advent of Soviet power, the estate was expropriated in favor of the state, and in 1919 it received the status of a State Museum.

Photo 3. Parterre and American greenhouse of the late 18th century

In the Sheremetyev palace and estate in Kuskovo, the luxurious decoration of the rooms has still been preserved; on the walls you can see a unique collection of paintings by Russian and foreign artists of the 17th century, portraits of the royal family donated by the emperor and images of representatives of the Sheremetyev family of different generations.

In 1938, a ceramics museum was located on the Kuskovo estate, by the way, the only one in Russia.

Currently, it houses the world's largest collection of glass and ceramics - both artifacts that have come down to us from ancient times, and modern works of art.

Photo 4. Grotto with a pond in Kuskovo

Today the museum is open to tourists; exhibitions and concerts of classical and organ music are regularly held here, and traditional ancient festivals, receptions and festivities are organized, for which Kuskovo was famous back in the 17th century.

How to get there and opening hours of the Kuskovo estate

The Sheremetyev Museum-Estate and Palace in Kuskovo is located at the address: Moscow, Yunosti, 2. You can get there from the Ryazansky Prospect (bus 133 or 208), Vykhino (bus 620 or minibus 9M) and Novogireevo metro stations. Opening hours are from 10 to 18 hours, except Monday and Tuesday, as well as the last Wednesday of each month.

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Auditorium
The auditorium was small, but decorated with great elegance. The amphitheater was separated from the stalls by a balustrade, behind which, between the Corinthian columns, there were the mezzanine loggias, and above them, right at the ceiling, the upper gallery. The palace halls were intended for foyers and were used as concert and banquet rooms: the Egyptian Hall, the Italian Hall, the Raspberry Living Room, an art gallery, a concert hall, etc. They can be called ceremonial rooms with crystal chandeliers, parquet floors, paintings, gilded stucco moldings, stylish furniture , upholstering the walls with silk, paintings, engravings, sculptures. Even small corner rooms and transitional galleries were luxuriously decorated

Theater ceiling

The two-story theater is located in the center of the palace and is surrounded by a system of state halls. A unique theatrical version of classicism was used in the decoration of the state rooms. Fabrics, gilding and wood carving, and painting on paper were used in interior decoration.
Interior decoration



The interior decoration of the palace surprises with its elegance and simplicity. Most of the decor is made of wood imitating marble, bronze and other materials. The main type of decoration of the halls is gilded carving. Most of the carved decoration was made by carver P. Spol. It is especially beautiful in the Italian pavilion.



Egyptian Hall


Patterned parquet flooring made of rare wood, walls upholstered in satin and velvet. The state rooms of the palace are famous for their gilded furniture of the 18th and early 19th centuries, made by Russian and European masters. Lamps, wall and other decorations were often made specifically for the Ostankino Palace. All items are in their places and have reached us in their original condition. As an eyewitness wrote: “... everything glitters with gold, marbles, statues, vases.”




Egyptian Hall
There is also a collection of portraits from the 18th and 19th centuries on display. works by famous masters, as well as rare paintings by unknown artists. Unfortunately, out of thirty original ancient sculptures, only five have survived to this day. Therefore, palace sculpture is represented mainly by copies. Works by Western European sculptors Canova and Lemoine, Boizot and Triscorni have also been preserved. Among the porcelain items, items from the Cherkassky collection have been preserved. These are products of Japanese and Chinese porcelain from the 16th to 18th centuries. You can also see a collection of fans from the collection of the famous collector F.E. Vishnevsky
.

Balcony 2nd floor
Ostankino Park



Together with the construction of the palace N.P. Sheremetev laid out a regular park in the French style, and later he created a landscape park. The regular park was the main part of the so-called Pleasure Garden, which also included a parterre and an embankment hill "Parnassus", "Own Garden" and a cedar grove. The pleasure garden was located next to the palace. The part of the grove closest to the estate (the so-called Surplus Garden) was turned into an English park. An English gardener worked on the creation of a natural landscape garden. 5 artificial ponds were created. In the garden grew oaks and lindens, maples and various shrubs - hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum. Along Botanicheskaya Street there is a Sculpture Park. There are flower beds here, two gazebos with columns, a stage and an open gallery.


The museum conducts active exhibition work, presenting temporary exhibitions from its funds both in the palace and outside it. The theater, part of the state rooms and the park are open to visitors. Nowadays, the Ostankino museum-estate in Moscow is a unique palace and park ensemble with the only wooden theater building in Russia from the late 18th century



Photo-Snow Fox

Despite all its luxury and splendor, the building of the Ostankino Palace is built entirely of wood. At the same time, the palace in Ostankino is not at all similar to rural estates, and could well take its rightful place on the most beautiful streets of Moscow.

Ostankino. Plans of the first and second floors of the palace. Measurement of I. Golosov

Only the large size of the building, designed to accommodate everything that is required for a broad lordly life, reminds us that this is a rural estate. The palace was built and decorated over the course of one decade, giving it extraordinary unity and integrity. Its project was developed by several remarkable architects, including such stars as M. Kazakov, D. Quarenghi, and D. Gilardi. In the central part of the palace one can see the creative genius of M.F. Kazakov, in the side wings it is easy to recognize the manner of Quarenghi, while Gilardi made minor additions after the palace was completed. The Sheremetev serf architects - A. Mironov, G. Dikushin and A. Argunov - were also involved in the work on the palace project.

Kazakov Matvey Fedorovich

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi

Domenico Gilardi

In terms of its composition, the Ostankino Palace is built in the shape of the letter P (“rest”) with a front courtyard, which is very traditional for estates of that time. The side wings are connected to the central building by one-story galleries, emphasizing the elegant splendor of the portico on the central part of the house. The dome rising above all this gives the entire building an extraordinary completeness and harmony. From the garden facade, the building looks no less majestic. This is facilitated by a ten-column loggia-portico, covering the entire second floor. The marble bas-relief that completes the sonorous chord of the columns is made in the Greek style. Under the hot sun of the south, marble would give sharp effects, dark shadows would stand out even more sharply against the background of the brilliance of the illuminated parts. In the cloudy Russian light, the shadows of the bas-relief acquire an unusually gentle harmony, their light pearl-gray tints are wonderfully combined with the damp Moscow sky and the faded nature of the surrounding nature. Despite all the classicism of its forms, the Ostankino Palace is distinguished by its extraordinary elegance and luxury. And no wonder, because it could not help but reflect the spirit of abundance and pretentiousness that dominated architecture and art throughout the 18th century. The count himself meticulously delved into the smallest details of the construction of his brainchild. He often consulted and argued with his architects. As a result, Ostankino does not look like the creation of one master, but it wonderfully reflects the era and the understanding of beauty that united all the masters of the late 18th century.

Today I’ll tell you about the Sheremetyevsky Palace in Ostankino. Unfortunately, the palace is currently being restored, so the photographs will contain scaffolding and other attributes of construction. The first photo shows a view of the palace and church from.

In the 16th century, the village of Ostankino near Moscow belonged to clerk Vasily Shchekalov, who in 1584 built a pond in this place, planted a grove, built a house and a church. Of all this, only the pond has survived to this day. Everything else was destroyed during the Time of Troubles. The estate was restored in the 17th century by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich granted these possessions. One of the heirs, the great-granddaughter of the prince, marries Count Sheremetyev and Ostankino becomes his property as a dowry. The estate acquired its present appearance in the 18th-19th centuries. The construction of the palace itself was completed in 1795.

View of the palace church and the Sheremetyevsky Palace, which is almost invisible behind the trees. from the side of the pond. The pond, as I noted in , is terribly dirty and requires cleaning.

Sheremetyevsky Palace, closed by scaffolding and a canopy. In front of him is the roadway - First Ostankino Street, which before the Bolshevik era was called Dvortsovaya.

Centaurs on the gates of the original palace fence:

The vases on the fence posts are also stylized as antique.

The central part of the palace, in the center there is a portico in the Corinthian order, on the sides - in the Attic order. There is a pseudo-antique statue in front of the palace.

The right wing of the palace with Doric columns. Thus, all ancient styles are used in the colonnade.

Utility outbuilding.

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino, which belongs to the palace. Year of construction 1692. It was built on the site of a wooden church. Subsequently it was rebuilt several times.

The church is incredibly beautiful. In beauty it is probably second only to St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square. All facades are decorated.

Fragments of the exterior decoration of the church:

Formation of the residence Ostankino Estate dates back to the 18th century. It is one of the former country residences of the Sheremetev counts. In 1740, Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev began construction of the Kuskovo estate, which he decorated until his death. At the same time, he developed a new property - the Ostankino estate. Peter Sheremetev laid out a park here and made a hall for balls and receptions. But the real heyday of the Ostankino estate came during the ownership of the estate by his heir, Nikolai Petrovich. After returning from a trip to Europe, the young count became interested in establishing a professional home theater. Teachers were hired for the actors and dancers, and scores and set designs were brought from Paris. The Kuskovo estate was too small for large-scale productions, and the count decided to reconstruct the Ostankino estate.

The expansion project was entrusted to the Italian Francesco Camporesi. He combined it with a theater, side pavilions and living quarters. The pavilions were called Italian and Egyptian.

The reconstructed manor was built not of stone, but of wood. Even then, the count began to think that he needed a “mobile” theater, so that at any moment he could turn the theater room into a “voxal” or a dance hall - transform the space at his discretion. Only a tree helped solve such issues: it made it easy to change the project depending on the task at hand. For example, if a collapsible floor was placed above the stalls, both halls became one large space for dancing.

The Count turned out to be picky: he constantly changed the project, forcing people to disassemble and reassemble everything again. The theater opened in 1875 with a premiere and fireworks display. On stage was the musical drama “Zelmira and Smelon, or the Capture of Ishmael.” The choice of this particular drama is not accidental - Russia's victory over Turkey was celebrated.

After the premiere, it became clear: the theater needed to be completed, rehearsal rooms and spacious rooms for guests were needed. And again the architects got to work - they added state rooms, created two galleries - the Count's personal collection of paintings was placed in the Picture Room. In April 1797, the count hastily completed the theater: he was counting on an imperial reception, but the emperor only toured the palace and did not drink tea.

The theater troupe was huge, the stage names of the actors sounded like the names of precious stones - Granatov, Zhemchugov. 170 people performed dramas, comedies, operas and ballets on the theater stage. In 1797, the count signed a manumission to his serf artist Polina Zhemchugova and already in 1801 he secretly married her.

In the same year, Zhemchugova’s singing career collapsed. The count lost all interest in the theater, disbanded the troupe, demoting the actors to maids, laundresses, and doormen. Only 14 people and an orchestra remained from the theater. The Count openly marries Zhemchugova - now without hiding from anyone. Already in 1803, the former actress died at the birth of her son, the count lost interest in life and died in 1809.

In 1856, Alexander II spent a week in Ostankino, managing to completely change the theater: he ordered the creation of a winter garden in its place, the removal of the machine room and the laying of floors. By the way, it was after his visit that the main manor house began to be called a palace.

In 1861, after the serf reform, the lands of the estate began to be given over to dachas. After the revolution of 1917, the estate was nationalized and already in 1919 received its first visitors.

Now this is an amazing place to see, which closes if the air humidity is more than 80%. This is because the manor is made of wood and is sensitive to weather changes. Wooden structures are covered with reinforced mesh, on which a layer of marble chips is applied in a special way. The resulting surface is painted with patterns of amazing beauty, the interiors are furnished with unique furniture and magnificent lamps. Currently, restoration work is being carried out in the estate; not all rooms are open to visitors, but even from those that are accessible, one can judge the beauty and luxury of the premises.

An ancient cedar grove grows on the territory of the estate. If you look closely at the green mesh on the facade of one of the buildings, you can see the Sheremetev coat of arms.