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Describe Grinev’s second meeting with Ivan Ivanovich Zurin. Compare it with the scene where Grinev and Zurin meet. Think about whether the characters have changed, how circumstances influenced them.

Grinev’s unexpected meeting with Zurin in the town where they drove up with Masha was a happy accident, Peter told about his fate, and together they decided that Grinev needed to stay to fight in Zurin’s team, sending Masha and Savelich to Grinev’s parents.

A few months separate both meetings, but at the first meeting we see the inexperienced and naive ignoramus Petrusha, and at the second we see a determined officer concerned for the fate of others.

Grinev has changed beyond recognition. This happened under the influence of circumstances to which he was ready to react; he became sensitive and attentive to what was happening around him.

How can we explain that it is in this chapter that we find the poet’s famous phrase: “God forbid that we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless”? In connection with what impressions does Grinev pronounce these words?

Pushkin talks very briefly about the end of the uprising. And, briefly describing the turmoil that swept through Russia, he cites these words as an assessment and conclusion that warns people against such decisions and actions. This is no longer a consequence of private observations, but a conscious conclusion from the sum of impressions that officer Pyotr Grinev had accumulated for quite a long time.

At what point does Zurin receive the order to arrest Grinev?

Zurin receives an order to arrest Pyotr Grinev precisely when hostilities ended and the hero was about to go to his parents and Masha.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. QUESTIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS FOR CHAPTER XIII

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Savelich characterization and image in Pushkin's story The Captain's Daughter

Plan

1. The main characters of the work.

2. Savelich. Characteristics and image in the story “The Captain's Daughter”

2.1. Character of the hero.

2.2. “Not an old dog, but your faithful servant.”

2.3. The exploits of Savelich.

3. The tragedy of serfdom.

“The Captain's Daughter” is a historical story by A.S. Pushkin, based on real events. The main characters of the work are the brave and noble officer Grinev, the defenseless and courageous beauty Masha Mironova, the cruel and two-faced traitor Shvabrin and, of course, the ruthless and kind-hearted rebel Pugachev. These colorful, multifaceted images never cease to amaze and fascinate the reader on the pages of the story.

However, an equally important and bright hero is Savelich, Grinev’s old servant. At first glance, he occupies an insignificant place in the narrative, but, taking a closer look at his words and actions, you begin to understand that the elderly servant plays a special, significant role in the lives of the main characters. For example, if it weren’t for him, Grinev would have made many mistakes in his youth and would even have been executed, if not for the intercession of the old servant.

In the story, Savelich appears to the readers as an elderly man, a little grumpy, a little stupid, but very savvy and loyal. Grinev characterizes him as a non-drinker, which was a rarity for a lonely serf of that time, “for his sober behavior he was granted... the title of uncle.” Savelich is very attached to his master, he taught him to read and write and treated him like a son. Most likely, all the good things that Grinev had in himself came from the example of a faithful servant.

The elderly serf is described as a very economical, homely man: “...I went to the apartment allotted to me, where Savelich was already in charge.” He knows how to manage money correctly, cleans and cooks well. Despite his dependent position, the old man knows how to read and write, loves to defend his personal opinion, even argue with the master. In addition, Savelich has insight and observation: “Savelich listened with an air of great displeasure. He looked with suspicion first at the owner, then at the counselor.”

The relationship between the old servant and his masters is remarkable. He loves them with all his heart and is diligently concerned about their well-being. For him, serfdom is a way of life, he does not realize that it could be any other way, he humbly submits to the master and sincerely loves him. Therefore, he calls Pugachev, the liberator of the peasants, “a villain and a robber.” And although Savelich treats Grinev as his own child, it is clear that the young man does not have reciprocal feelings for the old servant.

Of course, he is attached to his “uncle” in his own way, respects him, listens to his advice, sometimes talks to him as equals, but at the same time, the officer’s address to his servant reveals mockery, condescension and coldness. This is especially obvious when the young man unfairly scolded Savelich for telling his father about the duel. And Grinev Sr., in turn, insults the servant for not reporting her! In this absurd situation, the old serf looks like a noble and fair man. He is not offended by his owners, because he understands their feelings and does not harbor a grudge. He firmly defends his human dignity, but does it humbly, drowning out the resentment in himself: “I am not an old dog, but your faithful servant, I obey the master’s instructions...”

Despite his venerable age and slavish obedience, Savelich is ready to make sacrifices for the sake of his young master. He throws himself at Pugachev’s feet and asks to execute himself instead of the young master. He, risking his life, presents a bill to the leader of the rebels, standing up for the master's property. But many of Savelich’s kind and brave deeds go unnoticed by his overlords. This is the whole tragedy and all the cruelty of serfdom, where servants were not considered people, where the sacrifices of peasants were taken for granted, where there were no friendly ties, ordinary gratitude and sincere affection between rich and poor.

How do the episode with Zurin characterize Grinev and Savelich?

Answer

The case with Zurin characterizes Grinev and Savelich as follows: Grinev is still very young, he is inclined to commit rash acts, wanting in everything to be like the brave warrior Zurin, who amuses him and easily provokes him.

Grinev feels his childhood dependence on Savelich and strives to break it, trying to be deliberately rude. But it is clear that he cannot remain in such an arrogant and embittered state for a long time, which is why he asks Savelich for forgiveness, looking for an opportunity to make peace with him.

Grinev is an enthusiastic, gambling person; he can be hot-tempered, but not for long; he trusts people and is open to them, and tries not to deceive their expectations. Savelich, in turn, worries that he himself neglected to look after the master’s son, that is, he doesn’t really blame “Petrusha”. He is an honest and straightforward person, accustomed to serving sincerely, without cheating or shifting responsibility to anyone. That’s why he watches over the lord’s property so carefully and cannot get angry with the child, which Grinev, no doubt, is still at that time.

The image of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the main ones. This historical story by A. S. Pushkin has long been included in children's reading and school curricula. It is studied and analyzed, in particular, the main and minor characters are examined in detail. In this article we will talk about one of the key characters of the work.

The image of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter”

Savelich is a minor character in the story. Despite the fact that he is not the main character, his image is very important for understanding the work.

Our hero is a yard man, a serf. The nobles had a tradition of assigning a servant to their children. And when Petrushka Grinev reached the age of five, Savelich, who had previously served as a stirrup, was assigned to him. The servant became very attached to the little barich, who literally grew up before his eyes.

Savelich understands that he bears responsibility for the fate of the young man. But it’s not only the duty to Grinev’s parents that is the reason for this. The servant sincerely loves Petrushka, takes care of him in a fatherly way and is worried about his future. Savelich's life is devoted to serving the master; he does not know any other way.

Appearance description

Let's start with the characteristics of appearance and analyze the image of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter”. This is how Petrushka speaks about him: “to the eager one... for his sober behavior, granted to me as my uncle.” Little is known about Savelich’s appearance; he is no longer a young man - an “old man” with a “gray head”. He is dressed like all serfs, his clothes are simple and worn.

Speech characteristics

Savelich’s speech in the story “The Captain’s Daughter” allows us to partially understand the character of this hero. This is how he speaks about his master: “the child is combed, washed, fed.” That is, he perceives Petrushka as a child and treats him accordingly. This is how he addresses him: “You are my light,” “I ran to shield you from the sword with my chest.”

On the other hand, Savelich considers himself a slave, a faithful servant: “I am your slave,” “I am a faithful servant, not an old dog,” “I have always served you diligently,” “I bow slavishly,” “your faithful servant.”

The hero's speech is replete with colloquialisms and is not always correct from the point of view of the laws of the Russian language. This is not surprising, since he is a serf, so Pushkin brings him as close to the people as possible. In the end, Savelich is precisely the collective image of a Russian person.

Savelich's character

The image of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter” is very multifaceted. This is not a stereotyped character, but a full-blooded personality with his own ideas about honor, order and law.

Let us list the main features that characterize this character:

• A devoted, faithful, responsible and caring servant.
• Kind - he gives this characteristic himself
• He does not drink, which was very rare for peasants.
• Housekeeping - he purchases everything necessary for his master, takes care of his clothes and keeps the room clean.
• He loves to teach the young master - it was impossible to stop him if he “set to work preaching.”
• Very stubborn - “you can’t argue with a stubborn old man”, “knowing the guy’s stubbornness...”.
• Grumpy - “grumbled again.”
• Distrustful - “looked suspiciously.”
• A big fan of arguing and bargaining.

Savelich has his own ideas about duty and honor. When his young master gets drunk and loses heavily, he says that Petrushka should not pay money. On the one hand, this is a violation of noble honor, and on the other, justice. After all, those with whom Grinev played took advantage of his youth and intoxication. Therefore, Savelich wants to do as worldly wisdom tells him.

Despite all his care, the servant does not even hear a word of gratitude from his young master. And what’s most surprising is that he doesn’t expect it. Savelich doesn’t even think that he needs any encouragement. All other serfs think so too.

Saving a life

A complete description of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter” is impossible without analyzing the episode of the battle between Grinev and Shvabrin. The servant is ready to overshadow his master and die himself at the hands of the scoundrel. He intervenes in the duel of the young gentlemen, and then tells Grinev’s parents about everything. He does this not out of malice, but because he believes it is right.

And what reward does he receive for this? Petrushka reprimands Savelich for telling everything to his parents. And then the elder Grinev accuses the servant of not informing earlier, before the duel took place. At the same time, the young master himself was present, but did not even think about interceding for the devoted old man.

Another striking moment is Pugachev’s order to hang Grinev. Hearing about this decision, Savelich falls at the feet of the tyrant, begging to spare the “child”. In exchange, he is ready to give his life. At the same time, he appeals to logic, saying that Pugachev will not benefit from Grinev’s death, and he can ask for a ransom for a living one. This indicates that the servant is not stupid at all.

Thanks to this intercession, Grinev remains alive. But Savelich doesn’t even hear a word of gratitude from him.

The meaning of Savelich’s image in the story “The Captain’s Daughter”

Savelich is primarily a reflection of the people's positive qualities. In this regard, the character's significance for the story is completely definite. Through him, Pushkin characterizes all serfs. In addition, through this image the writer tries to reveal the unfair attitude towards these forced people and their slavish submission to such injustice.

Savelich is contrasted with a completely different part of the people - those who joined Pugachev. These people are capable only of robbery and cruelty; they betray their leader at the first danger. They are opposed to Savelich in everything.

The hero embodies all the positive qualities that the Russian people are endowed with. He is faithful, ready to sacrifice himself, selfless, honest. On the other hand, the image of Savelich is very tragic. The character's drama lies in the fact that all his efforts and good deeds go unnoticed and unappreciated.

The description of Savelich in the story “The Captain's Daughter” is a kind of appeal to the nobles, who were accustomed to the slavish obedience of their servants and began to take it for granted. Pushkin encourages them to remember that serfs are people too and deserve at least a little respect.

In “The Captain's Daughter” we meet truly Russian characters, who, along with nobility, dignity, and honor, also have humility and a slave psychology instilled by centuries of disenfranchisement. These traits are noticeable in Savelich. The author truthfully shows the image of Savelich, Uncle Grinev, a serf peasant in different life situations, giving the hero the opportunity to show all his inherent qualities. Savelich took care of the little master as if he were his own son: he was worried when Petrusha was sick, he was indignant when young Grinev was assigned a Frenchman to study. And when Grinev reached adulthood and was sent to serve his fatherland, Savelich followed him everywhere and even saved him from death more than once.

Savelich is a forced man, humble and devoted to his master. He is smart, full of self-esteem and a sense of duty. He has a huge responsibility - he is raising the boy, while experiencing truly fatherly feelings for him.

"The Captain's Daughter" is a story in which Savelich is not shown as a servant humiliating himself before his masters. Thus, in response to the unfair and rude reproaches of Grinev the father, in his letter he calls himself “your faithful servant,” “slave,” as was customary at that time when addressing serf masters. However, the tone of this hero’s letter is imbued with a sense of human dignity. The spiritual wealth, the inner nobility of his nature is fully revealed in the deeply human and completely disinterested affection of a lonely, poor old man for his pupil Petrusha.

At first, Petrusha is a carefree and frivolous son of a landowner, a slacker urchin who dreams of an easy life full of all sorts of pleasures as a metropolitan guards officer. All these traits of his character clearly appear in the episode of the meeting in Simbirsk with the hussar officer Zurin and in his treatment, in connection with this, with Savelich, who was devoted to him not out of fear, but out of conscience. Imitating adults, he rudely and unfairly places Savelich in the “appropriate” place, as it seems to him, of a serf servant, a slave. “I am your master, and you are my servant... I advise you not to be smart and do what you are ordered,” he tells Savelich. The guardianship of an old man sometimes burdens Peter: “... I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child.” He shouts at Savelich and at the same time realizes that he is wrong all around and he deeply “feels sorry for the poor old man.” Peter becomes ashamed that he treated the old man so rudely, who was sincerely attached to him, tirelessly caring for him. The fact that he himself asks for forgiveness from his servant reveals his true essence: the ability to admit his guilt, his sincerity and kind attitude towards Savelich.

With all his behavior later, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev proved his loyalty to his father’s behests, did not change what he considered his duty and his honor, no matter how the very concept of honor and duty was defined and limited by his class, noble prejudices.

In his story “The Captain's Daughter,” Pushkin showed how the personality of his hero gradually transformed. By nature, he has many worthy qualities, but they achieve true revelation only in life’s trials, and we see how a frivolous young man, almost a boy, becomes a man, a mature person, capable of taking responsibility for his actions.