Great monuments of Russia. The largest monuments in Russia Ancient monuments in our city

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Places where every cultured person dreams of visiting.

Experts from the world's largest travel site TripAdvisor have compiled a ranking of 25 cultural sites that were most highly rated by tourists from around the globe.

In general, if you have not yet decided on your vacation plans, in this review website you can find some great ideas. For the next 25 holidays.

1. Machu Picchu, Peru

Machu Picchu, recognized as one of the New Wonders of the World, is located in modern Peru, on the top of a mountain range at an altitude of 2450 meters above sea level. It is called the “city in the sky” or “city among the clouds”, sometimes called the “lost city of the Incas”. Some archaeologists believe that the city was created as a sacred mountain retreat by the great Inca ruler Pachacutec around 1440, and functioned until 1532, when the Spanish invaded the Inca Empire. In 1532, all its inhabitants mysteriously disappeared.

2. Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is one of the six largest mosques in the world. Named after Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan, the founder and first president of the United Arab Emirates. Unlike many other Muslim temples, everyone is allowed into it, regardless of faith.

3. Taj Mahal, Agra, India

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum is one of the most recognizable landmarks not only in India but throughout the world. The structure was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. The Taj Mahal is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and also a symbol of eternal love.

4. Mezquita, Cordoba, Spain

Walls decorated with intricate patterns, mosaic ornaments, hundreds of thin openwork columns - this is how the Cathedral Mosque of Cordoba appears today. Many centuries ago, there was an ancient Roman temple on this site, then it was replaced by a Visigothic church, and in 785 the Mezquita appeared. It became the second most important mosque on the planet, and the pilgrimage to Cordoba was even equated to the obligatory hajj to Mecca for every Muslim. But then the Catholics replaced the Moors, and Mezquita was turned into a Christian temple.

5. St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican, Italy

The heart of the Vatican and the entire Catholic world, St. Peter's Basilica is one of the main attractions of Rome. Here you can view ancient Rome from a bird's eye view, admire the interior of the cathedral from the top of the dome, celebrate Mass and even receive the blessing of the pontiff.

6. Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia

The Cambodian temple Angkor Wat is the largest religious building ever created, the history of which goes back almost 9 centuries. Even its name speaks about the monumentality of the temple complex, because Angkor Wat literally translates as Temple City. It covers an area of ​​200 hectares and is surrounded by a moat 190 meters wide. This colossal structure is dedicated to the god Vishnu, revered in this area.

7. Bayon Temple Complex, Siem Reap, Cambodia

Bayon is one of the most amazing temples located on the territory of Angkor Thom and was its religious center. The “highlight” of Bayon are the towers with many faces carved from stone, silently looking from above over the vast territory of Angkor Thom, and during the heyday of the state, over the entire Khmer Empire. Initially, there were 54 towers, which symbolized the 54 provinces under the rule of the king. Today, only about 37 towers remain.

8. Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ on the Blood, St. Petersburg, Russia

The Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, better known as the Church of the Savior on Blood, became the only Russian attraction on Trip Advisor's list. The Savior on Spilled Blood attracts tourists from all over the world not only with the splendor of its domes and interiors, but also with its unusual history, which has given rise to many legends and speculations. Many of them are related to the fact that the temple was erected on the spot where on March 1, 1881, the Narodnaya Volya member I. Grinevitsky mortally wounded Alexander II, who was popularly called the Tsar Liberator for the abolition of serfdom.

9. Gettysburg National Military Park, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

10. Walls of the old city, Dubrovnik, Croatia

In 1979, UNESCO declared Dubrovnik's Old Town a World Heritage Site, including a significant portion of the city's ancient walls. They surround the city on all four sides and contain a venerable collection of historical monuments, including towers, fortresses, churches, monasteries, squares and streets, schools, museums and galleries. Built for defensive purposes, these stone walls have protected its citizens since the founding of Dubrovnik in the 6th century.

11. Shwedagon Pagoda, Yangon, Myanmar

Shwedagon Pagoda is the tallest spiritual building in Myanmar, or, as it is also called, the Land of Pagodas. The entire complex of the giant pagoda occupies more than five hectares of land, on which, in addition to the main structure, there are many smaller spiers and countless sculptures of mythical and real animals : golden griffins and elephants, dragons and lions. The Shwedagon Pagoda became what it is today in the 15th century, during the reign of Queen Shinsobu. It was then that the gigantic temple was finally given the shape of an inverted begging bowl and sheathed in gold from top to bottom.

12. Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool, Washington, DC

The Lincoln Memorial is a majestic temple made in the ancient Greek style and somewhat reminiscent of the Parthenon. It is supported by 36 white marble columns, representing the number of states that belonged to the United States at the time of President Lincoln's death. In the center of the temple is a statue of the world's most respected American president sitting in a chair. Its height is 5.79 meters.

13. Ancient City of Petra, Petra/Wadi Musa, Jordan

In the very heart of Jordan, in the Wadi Musa valley, deep in the sandy mountains, there is the most amazing ancient city of Petra. Petra was originally a temporary refuge for the nomadic Nabatean tribes. From several fortified rock caves, it gradually grew into a large fortified city. There is only one way to get to the city - through the narrow Siq gorge, which was once the bed of a mountain stream. Petra still belongs to the Bedouins, who warmly welcome guests to their land.

14. Section of the Great Wall of China Mutianyu, Beijing, China

On no other section of the Great Wall of China were restoration work carried out as well as on the Mutianyu section. This site, with 22 watchtowers that have retained their original appearance, is a true architectural masterpiece. The phrase Mutianyu from Chinese is translated as “a valley in which you can admire the views of the fields.” Among all the sections of the Great Wall of China, Mutianyu is the longest fully restored section open to tourists.

15. Ancient city of Ephesus, Selcuk, Türkiye

The largest and best-preserved ancient city on the Aegean Sea and the second most important after Pompeii in the Mediterranean, ancient Ephesus is the most visited attraction in Turkey. Legends connect the appearance of the city with the name of Androcles, the son of the ruler of Athens, Codra, who, on the advice of an oracle, arrived in these places to found the temple of Artemis. The city got its name from the Amazon Ephesia, Androcles' lover.

16. Alhambra, Spain

The Alhambra (Arabic: Al Hamra - literally "Red Castle") is an ancient palace and fortress of the Moorish rulers of the province of Granada in southern Spain. The castle occupies the top of a rocky plateau on the southeastern border of Granada. The name Alhambra probably comes from the color of the sun-dried clay or bricks from which the castle walls are made. However, some historians suggest that the name came from the “red flame of torches” that illuminated the many years of construction of the castle, which went on around the clock.

17. Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia

The Australian War Memorial is the main memorial dedicated to the memory of soldiers killed during the First and Second World Wars. Today it is considered one of the most significant monuments of its kind in the world. The memorial is located near the Parliament building, from the balcony of which a 360-degree panorama of the monument opens.

18. Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy

According to the chronicles, at the beginning of the 13th century, the inhabitants of the city-state of Siena, which acted as the main competitor and adversary of Florence, “called upon their leaders to build a temple more magnificent than that of their neighbors.” So, between 1215 and 1263, on the site of the old temple, the Duomo of Siena was founded according to the plan of the Gothic master Niccolò Pisano. Today this majestic temple is the main attraction of the city.

19. Milan Cathedral (Duomo), Milan, Italy

The most important place in Milan is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Nascente (Duomo), a pearl of Italian Gothic architecture, which was built from 1386 to the beginning of the 19th century. The third largest Catholic church on the planet can easily be considered one of the wonders of the world. Its hundred-meter spiers tower over the center of Milan, and the golden statue of the Madonna on the longest spire (four meters high) is visible from many areas of the city.

22. Christ the Redeemer Statue, Rio de Janeiro

The Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro is one of the most famous and popular monuments in the world. Every year, millions of tourists rise to its foot, from where a stunning panorama of the city and bay opens with the picturesque Sugar Loaf Mountain, the famous beaches of Copacabana and Ipanema, and the huge bowl of the Maracana stadium.

23. Teotihuacan, San Juan Teotihuacan, Mexico

The name of the ancient settlement of Teotihucan is translated from the Aztec language as “the city where people become gods.” According to legend, after the Great Flood, the gods returned to Teotihuacan to re-create the world. Modern researchers believe that the area of ​​this ancient settlement was 26-28 square kilometers, and the population was about 200 thousand people. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Western Hemisphere, the exact age of which is still unknown.

Cultural monuments

Cultural monuments are works of human hands, ancient objects, tools and structures preserved on the earth's surface, under a layer of earth or under water. Using them, scientists reconstruct the past of human society. The main monuments of material culture: tools, weapons, household utensils, clothing, jewelry, settlements (sites, settlements, settlements) and individual dwellings, ancient fortifications and hydraulic structures, roads, mine workings and workshops, burial grounds, drawings on rocks, sunken ancient ships and their cargo, etc.

The most ancient monuments are archaeological: sites that are the remains of ancient human settlements. They are usually located on the banks of rivers, lakes, and seas. Over the past centuries, the most ancient sites have been discovered - Paleolithic - buried under layers of sand, clay, soil so deep that they are difficult to detect. It is easier to find later ones - Neolithic: they are often washed away by water, and they are partially exposed. The earth containing traces of human activity is called a cultural layer. It contains ash, coal from fires, garbage, construction waste, household items, etc. The cultural layer is clearly visible in outcrops against the background of sand and clay. Here you can find flint products with pointed edges, ceramics - clay shards, bones of animals and fish, bone and bronze products.

The settlement is the remains of an ancient fortified settlement located on the hills. Near the settlement there are ramparts and ditches. Here you can find interesting metal products - bronze, copper, iron. Around the settlements there was an unfortified settlement - a settlement. Cemeteries - ancient burials and mounds - are often found. Mines and workshops abound with various tools of ancient production. The main task of a local historian is to search, study and register historical and archaeological monuments unknown and known to science. Excavations are carried out by specialist archaeologists. Drawings of ancient people on rocks or in caves are still found in different regions of our country (in the Urals, the Caucasus, the Baikal region, Chukotka, etc.). They depict figures of animals and people, hunting scenes, and fantastic creatures. Such drawings are of invaluable importance for science, for the knowledge of ancient history, and art.

Architectural monuments - creations of architects that form part of the cultural heritage of the country and people - are also subject to protection. These are buildings for various purposes: churches, cathedrals, monasteries, chapels, cemeteries, towers, walls, palaces, parks, mansions, public buildings, councils (town halls), wonderful residential buildings, estates, noble and merchant houses, peasant huts and other buildings. Each of them has its own history, closely connected with the history of the region. They are studied not only as monuments of the history of the people, but also as examples of architectural art. Thus, white-stone cathedrals - examples of ancient Russian architecture - captivate with the grace of their forms; The architectural structures of Central Asia, the Baltic States, etc. are full of national originality.

The monuments of folk art include decorative jewelry, arts and crafts and oral folk art (folklore). In addition to studying buildings as architectural monuments, the young local historian gets acquainted with the decorations of houses, for example, with carvings decorating cornices, window and door frames, roof ridges, shutters on windows, and porches. An ancient type of carving is characteristic, “blind”, when the pattern is not cut through; Its main motifs are plant motifs, sometimes birds, less often animals. A later type of thread is an overhead thread sawn through. In the south of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, painting on the outside of the walls of houses and stoves is often found.

Folk applied art, or artistic crafts, arose in ancient times. Already primitive man tried to decorate his life, to create not only practical, but also beautiful clothes, dishes, and utensils. The skills of folk artists have been perfected for centuries. Wood carving, folk jewelry, porcelain and glass work achieve high skill. Since ancient times, stone cutters have also been famous. At the end of the 18th century. The varnish business arose in Russia (the famous villages of Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui, Mstera). Chukotka folk craftsmen are famous for their drawings on walrus tusks, residents of the Caucasus for patterned carpets made of sheep wool, Uzbek craftsmen for stone carving, etc.

Local historians collect information about folk art and its samples in every locality of their region. One should not strive to look only for rare, exceptional creations; it is necessary to pay attention to those that are typical for a given village. This will help to identify local characteristics, traditions, and craftsmanship techniques. It is interesting to find old masters and find out facts from the history of the craft, identify the range of products in the past, how and where they were sold, etc. When and at what age did the old masters die, what did they create, do the old people remember the history of the origin of the craft, are there any legends about this topic? Information on the technology of production of products in the past is especially important. How was high quality work achieved? All this and many other information will be of real value if young local historians first familiarize themselves with the relevant literature.

Finally, there is oral folk art - folklore, which is studied by the science of folklore. She explores verbal, song, musical (instrumental), choreographic, dramatic and other collective creativity of the masses. The task of local historians is to collect works of local creativity of all genres: tales, fairy tales, epics, songs, ditties, lamentations, incantations, riddles, proverbs, sayings, folk drama. How to record? It is important to maintain the accuracy of the recording, word for word, without cutting, releasing or redoing anything. Write down all repetitions and interjections, otherwise the rhythm and special coloring of the story will be disrupted; One should also not miss all the features of the local dialect. Since it is very difficult to record in time, they often resort to using a voice recorder. The narrator's speech must not be interrupted by questions or remarks. A prerequisite is to write down information about the performer (last name, first name, patronymic, nationality, age, local resident or visitor, specialty, literacy, address). It is important to know from whom the performer learned his art.

Huge Russia is famous not only for its enviable dimensions and beautiful nature, but also for a large number of historical monuments that mark all pages of the history of the state.

Russian monuments attract tourists to Moscow and St. Petersburg, forcing passersby to throw back their heads and admire the mighty pedestals and magnificent palaces. In order to see all the monuments, you will have to spend a decent amount of time on a tour throughout the country, because significant cultural monuments are installed not only in large cities, but also in tiny “home” towns. The most famous pedestals, of course, are located in the cultural centers of Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg, so tourists most often direct their feet there. This article will list the most famous monuments in Russia, so that those interested can choose the most interesting and create their own tourist route in accordance with their location.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Bell

Here tourists can find two significant monuments: the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon.

These monuments amaze not only with their size, but also with the interesting history of their creation. The Tsar Bell was born with the light hand of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Perhaps the Empress wanted to fit all her ambitions into the Tsar Bell, since when announcing the desired size of the monument, foreign masters seriously thought that the Empress was deigning to joke. Only the Motorin family took the Empress’s wish seriously. They had a lot of failures with the creation of the bell, since the approval of the project alone took three whole years. The first casting ended in complete collapse, which the elder Motorin could not stand. His son finally completed the job, and now the Tsar Bell proudly rises above the paving stones. However, despite the enormous amount of effort expended, the voice was never heard.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Cannon

Russian monuments such as the Tsar Cannon, located on Ivanovskaya Square, attract tourists to the Kremlin area in any season of the year.

The Tsar Cannon was installed in honor of Russian artillery. Its mass is very impressive - almost 40 tons. It was originally created to guard the Kremlin, but it was then decided that its military power allowed it to savagely destroy walls rather than bravely defend them from the enemy. Like many military cultural monuments of Russia, the mighty Tsar Cannon never took part in hostilities, but still inspires awe among tourists and local residents. On this occasion, they came up with a beautiful legend, which said that the Tsar Cannon did fire one shot, but not during combat operations. They say that the Tsar Cannon fired the ashes of False Dmitry, but there is no declared evidence for this assumption. In a sense, this monument has even become a household name, since even residents of the most remote hinterland have heard about it.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

Some Russian cultural monuments can boast of entire collections of legends composed in their honor. For example, people have written many stories about the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God.

All these legends were passed on from mouth to mouth, so they were constantly embellished, and now it is no longer possible to understand which of this is true and which is embellished fiction. Previously, on the site of the Temple, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity stood. Over time, other small churches were built around it in honor of the victories of the Russian people. As a result, when about ten small churches had accumulated, Metropolitan Macarius suggested that Ivan the Terrible build one large temple in their place. The sanctuary was subjected to brutal attempts at destruction several times, but all of them were in vain. Services were banned there, only to be allowed again after some time. The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is located in Moscow and is a must-see for those who want to find out what monuments there are in Russia and what is really worth a look.

Peter and Paul Fortress and pages of the history of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is famous for its culture; there are even numerous jokes about it on the Internet.

Visitors expect refinement, politeness and extreme friendliness from St. Petersburg residents and are very indignant when their expectations are not met. There are many beautiful monuments of Russian culture in St. Petersburg. One of the most striking is the Peter and Paul Fortress. Tourists who dream of seeing the best architectural monuments of Russia should definitely visit it. It is located in the very center of the city and is one of the main symbols of the history of the Russian land. The construction of the city began with the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1703, so its walls witnessed all the historical events that took place on the territory of the city of Peter. In the center of the fortress you can see the beautiful Peter and Paul Cathedral, which hides the secrets of the history of the House of Romanov. Near the cathedral there is the Commandant's Cemetery, where many commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress are buried.

"Millennium of Russia"

The monuments and sculptures of Russia amaze not only with their diversity and historical background, but also with the exceptional beauty of their execution.

The “Millennium of Russia” monument, located in Veliky Novgorod, was erected here in honor of the millennium of the calling of the Varangians to the territory of Rus'. The monument was erected in 1862, approximately in September. It is not a sin to say that this monument represents the entire history of Russia, along with its many glorious commanders, statesmen and representatives of the cultural world. Many patriotic Russians believe that the Millennium of Russia monument reflects the spirit of their great country. The monument itself is made in the form of a ball-power, which is installed on a special pedestal in the form of a bell or bell. Each part of this thematic monument symbolizes certain periods of Russian history, and the entire monument radiates pride in the country and symbolizes its greatness.

Polivanovo Estate: estate of famous families

Truly great monuments of Russia appeared on the territory of this state a very long time ago.

For example, the Polivanovo estate has stood on Russian soil since 1779. Next to the estate is the Church of the Annunciation, which witnessed the entire process of building the estate. The church was built in two years, and construction of the estate began after its construction was completed. The estate is located in the village of the same name, which received its name thanks to the glorious noble family of the Polivanovs. Throughout its existence, the estate changed owners many times. The Dokhturovs, Saltykovs, Apraksins, Razumovskys, Davydovs and Gudovichs lived within its walls. Due to the fact that such famous families lived within the walls of the estate, the flow of tourists here does not dry out, gaining particular intensity in the warm season. The Polivanovo estate is not only beautiful in itself, but also located in an extremely picturesque area on the banks of the Pakhra.

Monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in Moscow

In addition to monuments glorifying the great power of Russia, there are also many cultural monuments honoring masterpieces of world cultural heritage. The monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson appeared in the Russian capital quite recently, in 2007.

It so happened that it was installed just when Arthur Conan Doyle’s first book about the adventures of the famous detective celebrated its 120th anniversary. The British Embassy building is located not far from the monument, so tourists can experience the cultural authenticity of the monument if they wish. Despite this, the tourist’s attentive gaze will not escape the fact that Vitaly Solomin can also be discerned in the facial features of the characters depicted on the monument. They say that all problems will disappear overnight if you sit between two characters and put your hand on Dr. Watson's notebook. Even though this belief was not justified, it is still worth trying to solve your problems so simply.

Great monuments of the great ruler

Monuments were erected in honor of the Russian ruler not only in Russia, but also in many European cities.

The most famous ones in Russia are located in St. Petersburg. Most often, tourists visit the monument with the bright name “Bronze Horseman”, which is familiar even to those who have never been to the city on the Neva. It has towered over Senate Square since 1782. Of course, many legends are associated with the Bronze Horseman, in particular about the St. Petersburg “mystical text.” Because of its duality and apparent surrealism, the imagination of the Russian people has created the most incredible stories. The monument received its name thanks to the great writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in accordance with his work of the same name. You can read a lot and for a long time about the monuments of Russia, but it is best to look at them with your own eyes. Words on paper cannot convey the power and grandeur they radiate.

Russia has always had many monuments. But only a few became the most famous, the most iconic works of art. So, our 10 most famous monuments in Russia:

1 . Monument to Peter I - Moscow

The official name is the Monument “In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Fleet.” The author of the monument was Zurab Tsereteli. The grandiose sculptural composition was installed on an artificial island on the spit, at the confluence of the Moscow River and the Obvodny Canal, not far from the famous Red October confectionery factory. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the celebration of the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The total height of the monument is 98 meters, it is the tallest monument in Russia, and one of the tallest in the whole world.

2. Monument “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” - Moscow

“Worker and Collective Farm Woman” is an outstanding monument of monumental art, “an ideal and symbol of the Soviet era,” representing a dynamic sculptural group of two figures with a hammer and sickle raised above their heads. Author - Vera Mukhina; concept and compositional plan of the architect Boris Iofan. The monument is made of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The height is about 25 m. It is located on Prospekt Mira, near the Northern entrance of VDNKh.

Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was developed for an exhibition in Paris, but the resulting result stunned everyone. After all, not only fundamentally new materials were used for the monument (stainless steel had not been used before), but also new principles of construction. After all, before this, it was also not necessary to enlarge it 15 times from life; it was a grand experiment.

Remarkable facts of the monument to the worker and the collective farmer:

· The monument to a worker and a collective farmer was delivered to Paris in 28 railway cars, but even this separation was not enough, because some parts did not fit into the tunnels and had to be cut further.

· Before the opening of the monument in Paris, sabotage was noticed in time, someone cut off the cables of the crane that was assembling the monument at the exhibition, after which round-the-clock security was posted from volunteers and employees who came to assemble the monument.

· Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was assembled within 1 month; people worked in three shifts, sleeping only for three hours in a nearby barn, where a large fire was always burning in the center.

· In Paris, the monument was assembled in 11 days, although 25 days were planned.

· It is a symbol of the Mosfilm film studio.

· Dismantling, storage and restoration of the legendary sculptural composition cost the budget 2.9 billion rubles

3. Monument Motherland Calls - Volgograd

The sculpture “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd is the compositional center of the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, located on . This statue is one of the tallest in the world, occupying 11th place in the Guinness Book of Records. At night, the monument is illuminated by spotlights. The total height of the monument is 85-87 meters. Its military name is “Height 102”. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the most fierce battles took place here. And here they later buried the dead defenders of the city. Their feat is immortalized in the unique monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad,” erected in 1967 according to the design of the famous Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich.

4. Monument-obelisk “To the Conquerors of Space” - Moscow

The Monument to the Conquerors of Space was erected in Moscow in 1964 to commemorate the achievements of the Soviet people in the exploration of outer space. This is a 107m high obelisk lined with titanium panels, depicting the trail left behind by a rocket located on top of the obelisk. On the façade of the stylobate, poetic lines by Nikolai Gribachev are laid out in metal letters:

And our efforts are rewarded,
What, having overcome lawlessness and darkness,
We forged fiery wings
To your country and your age!

Initially, the option of placing the monument on the Lenin Hills (today Vorobyov Hills) between the building of Moscow State University was considered. M.V. Lomonosov and an observation deck overlooking Luzhniki. It was supposed to be made of smoky translucent glass with night lighting from the inside. The height of the monument was supposed to be 50 m. At the personal suggestion of S.P. Korolev, it was decided to cover the monument with a coating of “space” metal - titanium. The height of the grandiose monument doubled and amounted to 100 m, and the total weight of the entire structure was 250 tons. The final site for the construction of the monument was a vacant lot near the entrance to VDNKh and the metro station of the same name.

The monument became a symbol of a qualitative technological leap of its time: on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first Artificial Earth Satellite, on April 12, 1961, the cosmos spoke the language of man - and this language was Russian.

Along with the obelisk, a new type of building structure was born - the inclined tower. History preserves in its tablets only one such structure - the famous “Leaning Tower”.

5. Monument “Millennium of Russia” - Veliky Novgorod

The Monument “Millennium of Russia” is a monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the founding of the Russian state. The monument resembles a bell. Its upper part is a ball symbolizing power - the emblem of royal power. The total height of the monument is 15 meters. These are some of the most iconic monuments in Russia, learn more about them .

6. Monument to Sunken Ships - Sevastopol

The Monument to the Sunken Ships is the most famous military monument of Sevastopol, was depicted on the Soviet coat of arms of the city and is considered one of the main city symbols. The monument is located in Sevastopol Bay, near the embankment of Primorsky Boulevard. The majestic and proud monument to sunken ships is one of the most beloved by residents and guests of the city. It is a symbol and calling card of Sevastopol. Height - 16.7 meters.

There is another monument that is significant for Sevastopol - the brig "Mercury" and Captain Kazarsky. This was the first monument in the then young city. About it .

7. Monument to St. George the Victorious - Moscow

The statue of St. George the Victorious is located on the territory of Moscow’s Victory Park and is part of the memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill. Located at the foot of the obelisk dedicated to the 1418 days and nights of the Great Patriotic War. Saint George the Victorious strikes a snake, which is a symbol of evil, with a spear. The statue of St. George the Victorious is one of the central compositions of the memorial complex.

8. Monument “Bronze Horseman” - St. Petersburg

The Bronze Horseman is a monument to Peter I on Senate Square in St. Petersburg. The opening of the monument took place in August 1782. It is the very first monument in St. Petersburg. Later it got its name thanks to the famous poem of the same name by A. S. Pushkin, although in fact it was made of bronze.

9. Monument to mammoths in Khanty Mansiysk

The sculptural composition “Mammoths” appeared in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2007. The creation of this monument was timed to coincide with the 425th anniversary of the capital of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The sculpture is located on the territory of the famous Archeopark. The sculptural composition consists of 11 bronze monuments. The total weight of these monuments exceeds 70 tons. All monuments are set in life size. The height of the tallest mammoth exceeds 8 meters, and the smallest mammoth is only 3 meters in height.

10. Monument “Alyosha”

Memorial “To the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War” (“Alyosha”) is a memorial complex in the Leninsky district of the city of Murmansk. The main figure in the memorial is the figure of a soldier in a raincoat, with a machine gun over his shoulder. The height of the monument's pedestal is 7 meters. The height of the monument itself is 35.5 meters, the weight of the hollow sculpture inside is more than 5 thousand tons. The statue of “Alyosha” is second in height in Russia only to the Volgograd statue of “Motherland”. The monument is one of the highest monuments in Russia.

The film “Gentlemen of Fortune” broke box office records in the country, expressions from the film were included in all idiomatic dictionaries of the Russian language, and the role of the kindergarten director/recidivist thief immortalized actor Evgeny Leonov. Sculptor Elena Chernyshova had a difficult task - to portray a good man in the image of a bandit. The result exceeded expectations - the monument on the Mosfilm Avenue of Stars is one of the favorite exhibits; People's rumors even attributed to him a folk superstition: whoever rubs the fingers and nose of a hero will be avoided by thieves.

Monument “Resting Pushkin”

“Who will imprison him, he’s a monument” - these words from the famous film are completely rejected by the sculptor Rukavishnikov. His Alexander Sergeevich simply lay down on the couch - he threw his hands behind his head, threw his legs over the back of the chair and looked dreamily into the distance. The expressive writer in life was very far from formalism and secular conventions - the role of an official statue with an outstretched hand was the least consistent with his inner “I”.

Monument "Tree of Love"

A girl who blooms like trees in spring... or maybe she turns into a wondrous firebird? - the work of sculptor Georgy Pototsky leaves room for the imagination of passers-by. Some people see angels among the branches, others see palm prints - take a closer look, maybe it’s love hidden in the leaves?

Monument to Baron Munchausen

The odious baron from the German town of Bodenwerder has committed many “heroic” deeds in his 76 years. Near the Molodezhnaya metro station you can catch him performing yet another feat - trying to pull himself and his horse out of the quagmire, Karl Friedrich Hieronymus pulls his hair. In this way, claimed “the most truthful man in the world,” he, once again, saved himself from imminent death.

Monument to Khoja Nasreddin

A wise hero from Central Asian folklore leads a donkey on a leash, which is exactly like the cartoon character about Shrek. Eclecticism does not spoil the sculptural group at all, on the contrary - people love to be photographed on the back of an animal - it is believed that after this Lady Luck will become more favorable.

Sculptural group “Make way for ducklings”

Since 1991, the sculptural group “Make Way for Ducklings” has been “walking” in the park opposite the Novodevichy Convent. The heroes of the touching American fairy tale were presented to Raisa Gorbacheva by Barbara Bush. The Cheerful Family is an exact copy of the monument, which is located in Boston. The cutest character is the last duckling; They say that if you pet him, he will bring happiness to the house.

Monument to All Lovers

The prototype of the monument was the heart painted on Juliet’s house in Verona, Italy. The people fell in love with the symbolic figure made of curved steel pipes and came up with a beautiful belief - if you make a wish and go through your heart, it will definitely come true. Take note - on Valentine's Day, an annual competition for the longest kiss is held near the monument.

Monument to the bee Kuza

“Sweet lovers” flock to the bronze bee in Kuzminki Park. Nearby is the Honey Museum and the place where the apiary of the former Moscow mayor Luzhkov was located - they claim that the monument appeared at his initiative. Both children and adults strive to rub the insect “for good luck.”

Monument to Uncle Styopa

The heroic character “Uncle Styopa” turns 80 years old in 2015. A friend of children and a savior of old women decorates the entrance to the regional traffic police department, not far from the Rizhskaya metro station. The symbol of honesty and order protected the bird - he pulled it out of the traffic light, thereby saving state property from damage, and the bird from certain death.

Monument "Student"

The bench near the entrance to the University of Communications is never empty - a bronze graduate sits on it with a book, whose real prototype graduated from the Imperial School of Engineering back in the 19th century. The monument, erected in 2005, was quickly made by savvy students into the central character of ritual manipulations on the eve of the session. What can you do to pass the exam - they polish his shoes, jump over his outstretched legs, touch his notes... the bronze guy looks at them tiredly.

Monument to the Mobius strip

The three-dimensional psychedelic model of the tape inspires not only physicists and mathematicians, but also artists - its image can be found in paintings and lithographs, mosaics and engravings. People of art have no shortage of imagination - the famous Moscow sculptor Andrei Nalich saw the features of a naked woman in the tape

Fountain "The Rape of Europa"

In 2002, the Belgian government presented the capital with a work by one of the brightest European avant-garde artists. The work of Olivier Strembel was placed in the center of the fountain - the structure adorns the capital square of Europe. The intertwining steel pipes symbolize a fragment from ancient Greek mythology, which is one of the most popular subjects in world art.

Monument to the first stool of the Russian land

What a “round pincushion” (French tabouret) is for a Frenchman, for a Russian it is a piece of furniture for sitting. In 2000, a three-meter stool decorated the entrance to the Furniture Museum. Everything ingenious is simple, the marketers’ work was not in vain - the monument attracts attention both day and night - the spectacular lighting does not allow passers-by to forget about it.

Monument "Student Signs"
Dedicated to all students

Old shoes with a nickel under the heel - and an A is guaranteed. The sculptural composition depicting the main attributes of students was installed in 2008 - for the 850th anniversary of Moscow. Over 500 architects took part in the competition to determine the best project. The area is polished to a shine - students do not pass by during the session.

Monument to the Russian intelligentsia

The winged horse, which symbolizes eloquence and freedom, is pierced with fragments of metal - this is what the Russian intelligentsia looks like, suffering from a totalitarian regime. The monument is a reminder of the years of prohibition on freedom and courage in expressing thoughts. Akhmatova, Pasternak, Brodsky, Gumilev, Mandelstam - there will always be thinking people.

Monument “Drank - don’t start!”

A huge twelve-meter bottle-shaped structure is filled with the mangled remains of cars that did not survive the accident. Fighting traffic offenders on a psychological level is an effective way to restore order on the roads. To save human lives, all means are good - this is what the creators of this social installation decided.

Monument “Hang Gliding” or “Shawarma for a Cannibal”

The sculptor was inspired to create the monument by hang gliding. The desire to ride in rising air currents is the last thing that comes to mind when looking at this composition. At the top of the metal structure, a man and a child stretched out their arms, impaled on a huge metal rod. This is how architect G. Frantsev sees the “family unit” striving for heaven.

Monument to "Kopeyka"

The monument to a mass product of the Soviet automobile industry was erected in June 2004. The first model of the car rolled off the assembly line in April 1970, the car was produced for 14 years - during this period 2,703 thousand “kopecks” were collected in the Land of the Soviets. To preserve the rarity, it was painted with bronze paint, installed on a pedestal lined with marble, and a message to future generations was laid at the base. Will they be able to appreciate the prestige of the artifact?

Monument to Malchish-Kibalchish

So what if there are no boots, a torn shirt and frayed pants, the main thing is the fire in the eyes and the desire to defend your homeland from the damned bourgeois. Arkady Gaidar understood his hero perfectly - in the hands of Malchish there is a saber and a forge, in his soul there is faith in a bright future. The monument to the ideal of the Soviet era was erected on Sparrow Hills, not far from the former Palace of Pioneers.

Mechanical Lenin

Faith in the immortal Leninist behests, devotion to the ideas of Vladimir Ilyich and respect for the leader work wonders. In 1925, architects in the studio of architect Merkulov erected the monument on a pedestal built on a railway wheelset. “Mechanical Lenin” is included in reference books and anthologies of architectural buildings of the avant-garde style. The monument is in excellent condition and delights the modern sophisticated viewer.

Monument "Moscow-Petushki"

The square on Struggle Square is decorated with two figures - Venichka Erofeev and his girlfriend “with a braid up to her butt.” Sculptors S. Mantserev and V. Kuznetsov worked on the images of the writer and his girlfriend for over two years. The opening of the monuments was timed to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the death of the postmodernist writer.

Alley of Alisa Selezneva

A metal plaque with a portrait of the heroine of “The Secrets of the Third Planet” is fixed on a rough block of granite near the River Station. In the early 2000s, enthusiasts laid out a rowan alley in the park and installed a memorial sign. A girl from a fantastic future has a talking bird sitting on her shoulder - many would like to have such a magical friend.

Monument to Luzhkov the janitor

The former mayor of the capital in the role of a janitor - this is how Zurab Tsereteli saw Yuri Luzhkov. Made in the 2000s, the monument is located in the art gallery of the famous sculptor. For reference, this is the second monument to Luzhkov - on the first one the hero was depicted as an athlete.

Seasonal or Monument to Guest Workers

In the shade of the trees of Lermontovsky Square, in 1929, a monument to I. Shadr, the sculptor who created the composition “Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat,” was erected. A man who looked like a Greek philosopher sat down on a large stone - an intelligent face, a concentrated look - this is how the master of socialist realism saw a seasonal worker in the 20s of the last century.

Worker-inventor or Monument to a man with a mobile phone

The sculpture of a working man of the era of early socialism differs little from similar monuments installed in parks and squares of Soviet cities. For 90 years now, the guy has been looking at the part clutched in his hand. Contemporaries believe that his pose is characteristic of a person holding a mobile phone.

Monument to a plumber

An unusual compositional solution and original theme make the structure stand out from the general mass of monuments. The worker was caught in the process of work - he squeezes through a sewer hatch with difficulty. The realism and recognition of the figure, which is half sticking out of the ground, amazes those around. The author of the unusual composition is Moscow architect Alexey Roslyakov.

Monument to the Beskudnikovskaya railway line

In the place where rails were laid and trains ran back in the 80s, modern high-rise buildings now stand, and children run around in the courtyards. A reminder of the railway transportation industry - a contact support with a lantern, a children's train and a set of wheels on rails. It looks like an ordinary children's playground, but in fact it is a monument to transport infrastructure.