Textbook “Collection of tasks for practical classes in the discipline “Russian language. Book: Mikhail Sholokhov

hung, hung; hang - hung, hung; buy

- bought, bought; throw - abandoned, abandoned; crown - crowned, crowned; promise - promised, promised; strike - struck, struck; fire at - fired at, fired at; shoot - shot, shot; start - started, started; cut - cut, cut at the seams; make fun of

- ridiculed, ridiculed; sow - sowed, sown last month; glue - glued, glued tightly; hang - hung, hung; weigh - weighed, weighed; console - consoled, consoled.

No. 268. 1) The dough is well kneaded (knead). He was involved (get mixed up) in an unpleasant story. 2) The walls of the room were covered with light wallpaper. 3) The lost (lost) book was found. 4) Errors noticed (noted) in time were quickly corrected. 5) The first seedlings appeared in unison on the fields sown (to sow) in early spring. 6) The work was completed (finish) on time. 7) The laundry was quickly dried (dried) by the wind. 8) The lecture was listened to (listen) with deep attention.

No. 269. 1) The school drama club, led by a (passionate) artist of the city theater, is preparing a new production. - The artist leading the school drama club carefully explains the role to each participant in the performance. 2) Young people who did (actual) work to expand the school garden wrote about their experience in the school wall newspaper. - The great work done by the (suffering) young people was described in detail in the school wall newspaper. 3) The girl, who read (actually) a new book, was telling

StudyPort to your friends about your impressions of her. - A new book,. read by a (suffering) girl, it was written brightly and captivatingly 4) New

a device invented by a (passionate) engineer is of great value.

The engineer who invented (actually) a new device received a prize. 5) The wind driving (actual) clouds did not subside for a minute - The clouds, driven (suffering) by the wind, quickly rushed across the sky.

No. 270. 1) The birch leaves rustle slightly, barely swaying (to sway) in the wind. 2) The glow at distant heights reflected a trembling (tremble) blush. 3) On thoughts that breathe (breathe) with force, like beads, words descend. 4) I love the smoke of burnt stubble, a convoy spending the night in the steppe, and a pair of white birches on a hill in the middle of a yellow field. 5) The mermaid swam along the blue river, illuminated (illuminate) by the full moon. 6) And suddenly there is a cave in front of the knight; there is light in the cave. He goes straight to her under the dozing (dozing) arches. 7) After the black dungeon, the light reflected by the snow seems unusually bright, cutting (cutting) the eyes. 8) Mined (mine)

coal flows in a continuous stream, falling like a thundering (rumble) waterfall into the holds of a ship moored to the pier. 9) Maria Andreevna’s face, bursting (puff) with health, became pale. 10) From time to time, a signalman waving (waving) a flag appeared on the road ahead. 11) Suddenly the tramp of a galloping horse was heard.

No. 271. We go out onto the ice, already covered tracked snow, we step into the snow. Sliding on crumbling stones, we climb a high embankment stretching along the open, bare shore. Adjusting the gun behind my back, buttoning up my jacket tightly, fighting the tight wind blowing in my face, I walk along the shore. I look at the stones that have fallen in a heap from the shore into the sea. A ray of sunshine, breaking through, illuminates the edge of a black, hanging cloud. I raise my binoculars and peer into shifting depth dead desert. A yellowish spot moves in a white, sparkling field. Alien to the surrounding world, "Sedov" looms in the snowy haze.

Day and night, night and day, a boat runs between the shore and the ship, loaded for stability with boxes of rifle cartridges. Hosts station under construction take turns taking turns on the steering wheel.

Covered - participle.

1. From the verb - to cover.

2. N.f. - covered.

3. Fast. signs: passive, past. vr., owls view.

4. Non-post. signs: full, wine. pad., units h., husband R.

5. Ice (what?) covered.

To those who have been studied - communion.

1. From the verb - to explore. StudyPort 2. N.f. - researched. .ru

3. Post. signs: passive, past. vr., owls view. 4. Non-fasting. signs: full, tv. pad, units h., husband R. 5. Snow (what?) explored.

To those who crumble - communion. 1. From the verb - to crumble. 2. N.f. - crumbling.

3. Post. signs: real, present. vr., nesov. view. 4. Non-fasting. signs: dates. fallen, pl. h.

5. Stones (what?) crumbling. To those who blow - communion.

1. From the verb - to blow.

2. N.f. - blowing.

3. Fast. signs: real, present. vr., nesov. view.

4. Non-post. signs: tv. pad., units h., husband R.

5. By the wind (what?) blowing.

Stretched out - communion.

1. From the verb - to reach out.

2. N.f. - stretched out.

3. Fast. signs: real, past. time., owls view.

4. Non-post. signs: wine pad., units h., female R.

5. The embankment (what kind of yu?) stretches out.

No. 272. 1) Basis - founded - founded - founded a - founded - founded; chained - chained - chained - chained - van a - chained about - chained; chewed up - chewed up - chewed up - van - chewed up a - chewed up - chewed up s.

2) Build - yard nn y - vodvoren´n - vodvoren a´ - vodvoren o´ - vodvoren y´; implement - implemented - introduced - introduced a´ - implemented o´ - implemented y´; conclude - concluded - concluded - concluded a´ - concluded o´ - concluded s´; bake - baked´ n y - baked´n - baked a´ - baked o´ - baked´; transport´

Transported´ nn y - transported´n - transported a´ - transported o´ - transported ´; enlighten´t - enlightened´nny - enlightened´n - enlightened a´

Enlightened n o´ - enlightened s´; dedicate - dedicated - dedicated - dedicated a´ - dedicated to o´ - dedicated to ´; decide - solved - solved - decided a´ - decided o´ - decided y´ .

3) Restore - restore nny - restored - restored a - restored about - restored; add - added

Added n - added a - added o - added s; finish - finish - finish - finish - finish a - finish - finish o - finish y; memorize - memorized - memorized - memorized a - memorized about - memorized; cut off - cut off - cut off - cut off - cut off - cut off -

cut off; provide - provided - provided - StudyPort provided - provided - provided. .ru No. 273. In “Onegin” all parts are organically articulated, in selected

Within the framework of his novel, Pushkin has exhausted his entire idea, and therefore not a single part of it can be changed or replaced. “A Hero of Our Time” represents several frames nested in one large frame, which consists of the title of the novel and the unity of the hero. The parts of this novel are arranged in accordance with internal necessity; but since they are only separate incidents from the life of even one and the same person, then could be replaced others, because instead of an adventure in the fortress with Bela or in Taman, there could have been similar ones in other places, and with other persons, although with the same hero. But nevertheless, the author’s main idea gives them unity, and the commonality of their impression is amazing.

No. 274. I. Wounded soldier - wounded soldier; sifted flour - sown grain; boiled water - boiled milk; painted floor - painted fence; cut or uncut clover -

mown grass; shot sparrow - shot bird; frightened crow - frightened horse; slaked or quicklime

- extinguished fire; woven tablecloth - woven carpet; burnt coffee - burnt letter; smoked sausage - smoked walls; spoiled child - spoiled child - the girl is spoiled by her parents; forged sword - unforged iron - constrained movements; bobbed boy - polka-cropped hair

- shorn head; distilled water; lined notebook; paved street.

II. Well-mannered - well-mannered; boiled - boiled ik; buttery - Masleny Itza; messenger - messenger.

No. 275. I. 1) The day was gray and windy. There are desert stubble and arable fields all around. 2) In a small, completely empty room covered in white, it was light, there was a smell of oil paint, and on the shiny, painted floor there were two Chinese vases against the wall. 3) For the stables, sheds and kitchens, full-weight logs were used, determined to stand for centuries... Everything was fitted tightly and properly. 4) With a desperate cry, Nikita threw himself on the floor. 5) The sailor liked the smart boy. 6) The nanny met him [Dubrovsky] in the entryway and hugged her pupil with tears. 7) What is a stationmaster? A real martyr of the fourteenth grade. 8) The hall and living room were dark.

II. 1) Ivan Ilyich and Dasha settled on a farm in a mud hut. 2) Alexey unwrapped the rag and took out a blued watch. 3) His unkempt hair fell over his eyes in a whole wave. 4) The house had high rooms with whitewashed walls and unpainted floors.

5) I will never forget this fabulous walk among the tall trees along the sand mixed with pine needles. 6) There was a candle. repaidru .

7) The steppe was deserted, terribly quiet.

No. 276. Sometimes I caught him [Karl Ivanovich] at moments when he was not reading; The glasses hung lower on the large aquiline nose, the blue half-closed eyes looked with some special expression, and the lips smiled sadly. The room is quiet; All you can hear is his steady breathing and the striking of the clock with the huntsman. On the other wall hung land maps, all almost torn, but skillfully glued by the hand of Karl Ivanovich. On the third wall, in the middle of which there was a door down, on one side hung two rulers: one was cut up, ours, the other was brand new, his own, used by him more for encouragement than for ruling, on the other was a black board.

In the middle of the room stood a table covered with torn black oilcloth, from under which the edges were visible in many places,

cut with penknives. Around the table there were several unpainted stools, but varnished from long use. The last wall was occupied by three windows. This was the view from them: right under the windows there was a road on which every pothole, every pebble, every rut had long been familiar and dear to me; behind the road is a trimmed linden alley, behind which in some places a wicker picket fence can be seen; A meadow is also visible across the alley. ( Narration with descriptive elements.)

No. 277. I. To grow fierce - becoming fierce; shout - shouting; running is not allowed; rumble - rumble; preach - preaching; manage - in charge; brake - braking; it is impossible to preserve; look in - looking in; hitting is not allowed; to be – being; acknowledge - recognizing; squeal - squeal; mark - marking; throw - throwing; murmur - murmur; chirp - chirp; freezing is not allowed; worry - worrying.

II. Take out - take out; dispel - dispelling; develop - having developed; become weak - become weak; weaken - weakened; save - having saved; touch - touching; harness - harnessed; lock - having locked, locked; renounce - having renounced; meet - having met; take away - taking away; rake out - rake out, rake out; out of breath - out of breath; sit down - crouching; escape - having escaped; stay - staying, weave - weaving.

No. 278. 1) As soon as it was light I got up and, quickly drinking tea, set off on my way. 2) Having chosen a dry sandy shore somewhere, I ordered the boat to moor to it. 3) Large spiral circles on-

He [the eagle] began to descend from under the clouds and, sitting calmly on the ground,

StudyPort immediately calmed down the argument and fight between the crows by getting down to business. himself ru to eat the rest of the fish. 4) The offended crows sat around, croaked,

daring to approach the stern king, and only occasionally small pieces were snatched from behind. 5) Leaving the village of Nikolskaya, I swam down the river. 6) At night, burning fires present a magnificent picture. Wriggling like a snake, a fiery stream runs and suddenly, encountering masses of drier and taller grass, it flares up with a bright flame and again moves further in a narrow ribbon. 7) Having risen at sunrise and indicating the direction in which to go, my friend and I set off forward.

Removed - verb.

1. N.f. - calm down.

2. Fast. signs: owl. view, 1 reference, transition, non-return

3. Non-post. signs: will reveal. incl., units h., past vr., husband R.

4. He (did what?) calmed down.

Having accepted is a gerund.

1. From the verb to accept.

2. Sov. view.

3. Immutability.

4. Stopped (how?) accepted b...

No. 279. 1) Having reached the river, we made a halt. 2) While sailing in a boat, travelers saw many birds along the banks of the river. 3) Noticing boats and people from all sides, a herd of wild goats rushed in all directions. 4) When getting ready for the hike, the guys carefully thought through all the details of the trip. 5) Approaching the station, the passengers became worried and began to pack their things. 6) Picking up speed, the train was quickly approaching a mountain pass.

No. 280. 1) | Left alone , she [Nilovna] went to the window and stood in front of it, | I look at the street| . 2) Someone’s steps shuffled in the hallway, the mother shuddered and, | eyebrows raised tensely | , stood up. 3) | Smiling| , she listened to the conversation in the room. 4) He [Chelkash] went, | staggering and still supporting his head with the palm of his left hand | , and | I pull my brown mustache with the right hand | . 5) He walked, | slowly, firmly striking the ground with your feet | . 6) Little Fedya, | I'm listening to reading | , silently moved his lips, | exactly repeating the words of the book| , and his comrade bent over, | put it on your elbow and knees | , and | propping up cheekbones with palms | , smiled thoughtfully. 7) Mother, | try not to make noise with the dishes | , poured tea and listened to the girl’s smooth speech. 8) The crowd of soldiers trembled

and dissolved like two halves of a wooden gate; | dancing and snorting| , horses rode between them, an officer’s cry was heard.

No. 281. 1) I laughed uncontrollably more than once while watching the comedy “The Inspector General.”

StudyPort 2) While reading the play, I vividly imagined its characters. 3)ru After watching such a production, one immediately comes to the conclusion about life for

walls of the Kostylevo shelter. 4) Arriving from the city, Davydov encountered a number of difficulties. 5) Many cities and villages were destroyed by the Nazis, thereby depriving the population of shelter. 6) At the entrance to the stoking room we were hit with heat. 7) Hearing about the reconnaissance, Petya became cheerful.

1. A non-poetic presentation of Nekrasov’s poem “The Uncompressed Strip.”

2. Nekrasov's perception.

3. Proof of the power of words, of the creative process.

I. The creative process is an immeasurably more complex thing than the ability to standardly use the so-called rules of versification...

Here I would like to give one example. I will refer to Nekrasov’s famous poem “The Uncompressed Strip”. As you remember, its content is as follows: late autumn has arrived, and there is still an uncompressed peasant strip in the field. It is not compressed because its owner strained himself at work and became seriously ill.

I described this event quite accurately, but in my transmission it still makes absolutely no impression.

In this case, I did it on purpose: I did it in order to show how much depends on the poet, on the spiritual poetic “contribution” that he makes to the life material that forms the basis of the work.

: , (to...), (how...), (which...).

II. Now let's see how Nekrasov perceived and conveyed this same event to the reader...

From the very first lines, some kind of aching pain grabs your heart, although at first, perhaps, you don’t even know why the poet began his conversation. You are overcome with pity for this lonely peasant strip, which “the storm, the hare tramples, and the birds ruin.”

And the further you read, the more palpable, the brighter the image of the Russian peasant, crushed by poverty and backbreaking work, appears before you, and not only the image of this particular peasant mentioned in the poem, but also the image of all those like him, the image of the then village, forced, poor, ruined, dark...

The point is that Nekrasov, behind a seemingly ordinary, insignificant fact, saw much more than what can be seen upon superficial examination. With the light of his poetic ta-

StudyPort lanta he penetrated it and illuminated those sides of it that. at first glance they were invisible. He found in his heart such excited

bathrooms, such heartfelt poetic words that you can’t help but believe. These were words deeply felt, worn out, words, if you like, suffered through. These were the only, irreplaceable words with the help of which it was possible to say with the greatest completeness and persuasiveness what I wanted to say.

take Nekrasov. (Discussion, artistic style.)

No. 283. Distilled, compose, combine, next, future of the country, knowledgeable, cancel the results, appeal, cartoon, scholarship, colloquium, sensation, sensational report, selection, selection.

№ 284.

Calmly - adverb.

1. Adverb of manner of action.

2. Passed (how?) calmly O .

On the right is an adverb.

1. Adverb of place.

2. I heard (where?) on the right. Not high - adverb.

1. Adverb of place.

2. She stood (what?) low. Again - adverb.

1. Adverb of manner of action.

2. Started (how?) again O . In autumn - an adverb.

1. Adverb of manner of action.

2. Crimson (how?) in autumn.

Calm, on the right, low, anew, like autumn.

No. 285. 1) The sea is excited. 2) The hunter excitedly talked about his meeting with the bear. 3) The child is frightened by an unexpected shot. 4) The child screamed in fear. 5) Everything in this matter is balanced and deliberate. 6) The speaker answered questions slowly and thoughtfully. 7) The performance was organized by the school’s drama club. 8) The performance was very organized, according to a strict plan. 9) My friend is a comprehensively developed person. 10) On the sidings, near scattered carriages where railway workers temporarily lived, children are digging in the sand. 11) I acted very windily, perhaps.

No. 286. 1) The horses shied away and rushed to gallop. 2) Filofey not-

How many times did you swing your hand backhand? 3) It was long after midnight. StudyPort 4) She [Natasha] opened the window wide. 5) Black clouds. , ru completely covered the sky, quietly sowing fine rain. 6) Peter fell backwards.

7) The last carriage passed by and rolled away. 8) Anna Sergeevna recently got married. 9) The sky was already breathing in autumn. 10) And she [Neva] could not bear to argue.

No. 287. 1) To the left was a gloomy forest, to the right was the Yenisei. 2) Look, a thunderstorm is rising from the left. 3) The Russian population has long lived on the White Sea. 4) Again the clouds gathered above me in the heights. 5) Circumstances separated them for a long time. 6) Take care of honor from a young age. 7) Kirila Petrovich simply stopped by the house of his old friend. 8) It began to get dark again; the middle brother went to get ready. 9) The living room and halls were gradually filled with guests. 10) Katya had plenty of time to think. 11) Neva was definitely asleep; From time to time, as if half asleep, she will splash a light wave on the shore and fall silent. 12) Representatives of the hostile side behaved at the conference

defiantly. 13) He looked at me and raised his hand threateningly. 14) The audience warmly applauded the singer.

No. 288. Don’t tell anyone (places), don’t contact anyone (places), don’t go anywhere (places); do not ask anyone (places), do not depend on anyone (places), do not receive letters from anywhere (places); there is no one (places) to replace, no one (places) to send with, no place (places) to place; there’s nothing (places) to talk about, nothing (places) to argue about, there’s no need (places nar) to worry in vain; there is no one (places) to call, no one (places) to expect a telegram from; not at all (place nar) to call on the phone, not at all (place nar) to worry, not at all (place nar) to worry, not at all (place nar) to worry, buy a few (place nar) books , never ´ (places nar) lose heart, never lose heart from anything ´ (places), never hide anything ´ (places).

No. 289. 1) Night has fallen. No one slept a wink in the city of sleepless eyes. 2) The Oblomovites did not receive the latest news from anywhere, and there was nowhere to receive it from. 3) He [Luchkov] could not arouse sympathy in anyone. 4) Several skinny willow trees timidly descend along its sandy sides [of the ravine]. Looks sad, nothing to say. 5) At no time does Kolotovka present a pleasant sight. 6) He [Morgach] was once a coachman. 7) I was left with nothing and nothing. 8) But rocks, and secret shallows, and storms are of no use to him. 9) The rains sometimes fell in torrents, but did not cool the atmosphere at all.

No. 290. Anna Sergeevna was a rather strange creature. Having no prejudices, not even having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her, yes

she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive and StudyPort indifferent at the same time; her doubts did not subside. never to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to the point of anxiety. If she didn't

rich and independent, she, perhaps, would rush into battle, would recognize passion.

But life was easy for her, although she was sometimes bored, and she continued to accompany day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying.

(, (although...), and .) Rainbow the colors lit up sometimes before her eyes, but she rested when they faded away and did not regret them.

(, but [ , (when...) ].) Her imagination was carried away even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charmingly slender and calm body.

She [Dasha] really only liked Telegin. 4) The spring sky is cloudless, and the steppe shines dazzlingly. 5) Little by little it got dark. 6) Grechkin spoke meaningfully, in a Volga manner. 7) The coachmen whistled in the steppe style, the well-fed troikas rushed off at a gallop. 8) Pechorin turned a little pale and turned away. 9) The steamer is still rocking. 10) The boatswain still acted in his own way. 11) Herman, willy-nilly, agreed to be my assistant. 12) Olga has no life in her features, just like Vandyk’s Madonna. 13) Somewhere, once upon a time, a long, long time ago, I read a poem. 14) He [Andrei Bolkonsky] assumed, firstly, to concentrate all the artillery in the center, and secondly, to transfer the cavalry back to the other side of the ravine. 15) The moon rose, covered with a crimson cloud, and barely illuminated the road.

No. 292. Live in a new way, remember firmly, speak face to face, do things point to point, bother in vain, waste time, go somewhere, know a little bit, do things topsy-turvy, to arrive unexpectedly, to advance step by step, to arrive on time, to hand out the coal, to agree in the end, to distribute equally, to make it better and more beautiful, toss and turn, today, apparently, it will rain.

No. 293. Remember forever, postpone until the day after tomorrow, put off until tomorrow, live opposite, see through, reduce to nothing, save until now, fold in half, divide in two, go one at a time, think in your own way, sail in two, increase little by little, say rashly, fight hand to hand, end in a draw, act openly, decide in general, speak in general.

StudyPort Heard from above, jump up, look up.ru Approach from below, go down, seen below.

Overtake in front, go ahead, know in advance. Hit from the side, move to the side, turn to the side

No. 295. Rush high, dive deep, look into the distance, grow

in breadth, stand around, never hit, don’t understand at first, hit again.

No. 296. Remember forever, forever, sign up the day before, come immediately, run after, smash to smithereens, burn to the ground, contact a friend, prepare gradually, look from under your brows, hit on the sly, grab in the armful, look point blank, count for sure, count in a row, jump off on the go, shoot on the fly, ask one by one, get ready early in the morning, get completely exhausted, do it in revenge, buy like hot cakes, need it to the limit, work tirelessly, dance until you drop, fill it to capacity.

Lost Heart

The Gatchina Aviation School produced many excellent pilots, excellent instructors and brave fighters for their homeland.

And at the same time, it was hardly possible to find an airfield in the entire expanse of the immeasurable Russian Empire that was less suitable for aviation purposes and more prone to accidents and casualties. The reasons for these sad phenomena have been interpreted differently. Young pilots were inclined to blame the small grove that had been growing for decades in the middle of the training field and often interfered with the free movement of the aircraft, which was just gaining altitude and speed, which is why fatal crashes occurred. The Gatchina airfield stretched just between the Pavlovsk old palace and the Baltic station. From the western windows of the palace the grove was very clearly visible. They said that this piece of landscape had long been loved by the late Empress Maria Feodorovna, and therefore the palace commandant prevented the demolition of the annoying grove, despite the fact that the empress had not visited Gatchina for more than ten years.

Of course, young people could be a little mistaken. After all, it is known that all beginning cyclists, pilots, speed skaters and other athletes are always irresistibly drawn to obstacles that could very easily be avoided. Experienced, far-sighted school leaders judged differently: they took into account the topographical position of Gatchina with the surrounding swamps and forests, the proximity of the Gulf of Finland and Duderhof Mountain and, based on these data, explained the capriciousness, changeability and suddenness of local winds. As an example, they cited the sport flight from St. Petersburg to Moscow by civilian aviators: Utochkin, Lerche, Kuzminsky, Vasiliev and some three others. They all landed in the most brutal manner on the insignificant Valdai hills, breaking their devices to smithereens. Only Vasiliev could continue the flight, and only because Utochkin, himself with a broken knee, generously gave him all the spare parts, helped him fit them and personally started the engine...

A tragic, sublime and proud impression was made by that corner in the Gatchina cemetery, where restless, brave pilots found their deep, eternal sleep. Instead of monuments, propellers were erected above them. From a distance, this cemetery of aviators looked like a high, randomly stuck picket fence, but, coming closer to the grave, everyone experienced an exciting, high feeling. It seemed as if a beautiful, powerful bird had fallen from an extraordinary height and, crashing on the ground, had completely entered into it. And only one slender wing rises high and straight to the distant sky and still trembles from the force of the interrupted flight.

The custom of funeral farewells for a murdered comrade was eerie and majestic. All the way to the church and then to the cemetery he was accompanied, circling high above him, by a flying squadron of all the available pilots of the school, and the roar of the airplanes drowned out the last mournful prayer going to the sky: “Holy God, holy mighty, holy immortal, have mercy on us.”

Another unwritten voluntary comradely custom was harsh and, perhaps, even a little cruel. If a pilot, through an accident or an awkward mistake, happened to ruin an airplane, then no one paid much attention to this crash. If it happened far from the airfield, then the pilot telephoned the school, and if it was close, then his fall could be seen from the field. Aviation soldiers arrived very quickly and took away the remains of the disaster on carts. But if the pilot himself was killed or dangerously maimed, he was taken to the hospital. And at that same hour, even though his corpse was still lying right there, in plain sight, on the aviation field, all the pilots in service moved out of the hangars or took ready-made devices from the field and rushed upward. Experienced flyers tried to complete the task assigned to their unfortunate brother for today, others tried to improve their own records. It would be in vain to look for the origin of such a challenge to fate in the paragraphs of the military aviation regulations. It was an unwritten law, a sacred custom, a verbal “adat” of Muslims, developed by instinct, necessity and experience. The pilot must always remain calm, even when his face is frozen by the approaching breath of death. “Your comrade, classmate and friend was killed. His beautiful young body, which contained so many divine possibilities, still retains human warmth, but his eyes no longer see, his ears no longer hear, his thoughts have faded and his soul has flown off to God knows where. Be strong, pilot! You will shed tears in the evening. Breathe evenly. Don't let your heart beat. If you lose your heart, you will lose life, honor and glory. Hands on the handles. Feet on the pedals. The engine roared, shaking the huge apparatus. Onward and higher! Goodbye, comrade! The wind hits your face, the dark earth disappears deep from under your feet. Higher! Higher, pilot!

At that time, shortly before the war, and in the first years of the war, extremely, even excessively many young people eagerly sought to get into military aviation. There were many reasons: a beautiful uniform, a good salary, an exceptional position, a reflection of heroism, the affectionate glances of women, a service that seemed from a distance not burdensome and very cheerful and easy. Less often than others, people of real vocation, born bird people, enthusiastically dreaming of the tart and sweet joys of flying in the air, those people about whom Pushkin said:

Everything, everything that threatens death,

Hides for the mortal heart

Inexplicable pleasures

Immortality, perhaps, is a guarantee!

But it must be said that these openers of space, these flyers, by the grace of God, are surprisingly rare in nature, and besides, they are completely devoid of the great gifts of importunity, begging and ingratiation through patronage. But patronage still didn’t help. Newcomers were admitted to aviation school by squeezing them through a thick sieve. The future pilot had to have: perfect and indestructible health; large lung capacity; the ability to quickly navigate both on the ground and in the air; correct ability to find and maintain balance; sharp vision, without a hint of color blindness; impeccable hearing, physical strength and, finally, a heart that works in all positions with the cold, unchanging precision of an astronomical chronometer. In this flying world, bravery, daring, bravery, audacity, fearlessness and other superhuman spiritual qualities of a pilot have never, or almost never, been talked about. And why? Were these qualities, so rare nowadays, not in themselves part of the duty and routine of a military aviator?.. They praised Nesterov, who was the first to make a loop. They praised Kazakov, who brought down eighteen enemy airplanes. They praised, but were not surprised: surprise is so close to roteness!

It is not surprising that with such a strict test and with such severe discipline, the majority of incapable, unnecessary, unfit pilot candidates soon fell off by themselves, like slag or garbage. There remained an impeccable, reliable selection. But even among these chosen ones, during the first flight experiments, there were still losers, brave, dexterous people, in love with aviation, but - alas! - deprived of any of the great gifts of approaching heaven. They left silently, with grief in their souls, and the old pilots saw them off with rude and friendly regret, although some of them had to be escorted only to the cemetery.

By the way, not only young, but also experienced, seasoned famous pilots were seized by a special, difficult to explain and incurable, sudden illness, which was called “loss of heart” and which not a single aviator would allow himself to speak of mockingly or frivolously.

Here, the concept of heart does not mean a powerful muscle on the left side of the human chest, which selflessly and obediently pumps blood into all the nooks and crannies of our body for many years. No! This implies a psychological, moral symbol. To lose a heart means for a pilot to lose the divine freedom to walk in heavenly space at will on a fragile apparatus, pierce the clouds, calmly face rain, snow, hurricane and lightning, without being at all lost because you have absolutely no idea whether you are flying in the dark , south or west, up or down.

One of the most amazing phenomena is the loss of the heart. It is known to acrobats, riders and horses, wrestlers, boxers, fighters and great artists. This strange disease strikes its victim without any consistent warning. It appears suddenly, and you can’t find a reason for it.

This is how the glorious aviator and excellent instructor Fedenka Yurkov (emphasis on the o) unexpectedly lost his heart at the Gatchina airfield, about whom it was sung in the naive Gatchina aviation beast:

He entered aviation not very early, at the age of twenty-seven or eight, from the cavalry. It must be said that cavalrymen had an easier time than mere mortals in the simple, but still requiring presence of mind, science of controlling an avion, because working on a horse with reins and legs has much in common with the maneuvers of pilots. He had previously served, although not in a guards regiment, but in an army regiment, but the regiment had been covered in historical glory since hoary times.

It was also remarkable in that in it, as in the other two cavalry regiments, the entire composition of gentlemen officers and all sergeants were supposed to be single, and there were never any exceptions or concessions to this strict rule. There was something in dear Fedenka Yurkov from the legendary cavalry heroes of 1812 - from Miloradovich, from Burtsov, Er, the bully, from Denis Davydov, from Ses-Alavin: a hoarse commanding voice with a pleasant hoarseness, a slightly brawny gait, external rudeness and internal true kindness and, finally, brilliant daring in military affairs. The entire Russian military aviation knew and recalled with a smile his funny and dangerous adventure at the beginning of the war on the Western Front. He was entrusted with aerial reconnaissance. The headquarters probably knew that the Germans were somewhere quite close, about thirty to forty miles away, but in what direction no one knew.

Yurkov quickly took to the air, having behind him an observer with a bomb, who knew excellent German, a former student of the St. Petersburg Petershule, a nice and strong fellow and from the “pro-Russian Russians.”

The weather in the upper layers was drizzly, with thick, heavy fog. The pilot soon lost his intended path, lost his bearings and decided to land in order to identify himself in the area. Fate and the beginning of the breeze guided him. He descended just onto the wide and now deserted square of the city of Gumbinen, just opposite a neat tavern, drowned in climbing greenery. The city, despite the roar of the descending avion, continued to be silent, as in the fairy tale about the sleeping princess. Engine sounds were probably a common occurrence here. The zucchini smelled of coffee and fried sausage. Yurkov immediately came up with a plan of action.

“We need to find out what city this is and get what information we can.” So, listen, Schultz: I am a lieutenant in the Kaiser's Air Force, you are my non-commissioned officer. I was wounded in the throat and therefore my speech is completely slurred. I will wheeze and sniffle. This way it will be easier for me to disguise my ignorance of the German language, and I can cleverly imitate Berlin jargon. You have German money. Give it here and let's go play. If any misunderstandings arise about our uniform, say that our secret task requires this in order to lure these Russian sewing men into the bag, and generally scold us without any mercy. When you have refreshed yourself, go to the device. Well, forwards!

In the neat dining room they drank coffee with milk, ate a delicious hearty breakfast of scrambled eggs and ham, fried thick sausages and good cheese, and they washed it down with crappy schnapps and excellent velvety black beer.

Schultz chatted endlessly in real, pure German and deftly managed to find out that the city was called Gumbinen, that the Kaiser’s troops stayed in it for four days, and then went somewhere to the east and now they have not been seen or heard for three days, and in Only the wounded and the disabled crew remained in the city. Yurkov pronounced lispingly, hoarsely and thickly, from the very depths of his throat, the monosyllable words “moen”, “maalzeit”, “proosit”, “colossal”, “pyramidal”, and called the huge, fat, beer-bloated owner, slapping him friendly on his fat back : "May liba faata".

If Nietzsche called the Prussian Berlin language a bad and mediocre parody of German, then Yurkov’s parody of parody came out wonderful. Two lovely women served at the table: a plump - not to say fat - hostess, blooming with the lush, abundant beauty of a forty-year-old well-fed German woman, and her daughter, a fresh “buckfish”, with innocent blue eyes, a pink face, golden hair and lips as red as a ripe cherry.

“Oh, if only we could live here to our heart’s content for two or three days,” Fedenka thought dreamily. “I would drag myself around for Frau, and leave the fraulein to Schultz.” Of course, nothing bad! Simply - a bucolic idyll under the chestnut trees of a quiet German town..."

But at that moment Schultz quickly returned from the airplane. He nodded his head slightly as a sign that everything was fine, but the slight movement of his eyelashes eloquently pointed to the door.

- Sorry. “One minute,” Yurkov said in German in the voice of a ventriloquist and left.

- What's the matter?

“A German was driving by in a charabanc and stopped to tell another German that on the way he saw from a hill a large German detachment marching in a column towards Gumbinen. What do you order me to do, Mr. Captain?

- Weigh anchor. Let's go say goodbye to our lovely hosts. “He paid for breakfast with such generosity that no German Archduke would ever dare to do, and, moreover, he paid not with measly notes, but with real silver guilders. Amazed by the fabulous price, the hostess almost forcibly imposed a basket of provisions on the aviators, and the touched Yurkov planted a heartfelt kiss on her very lips. The owner willingly volunteered to find two strong people to use the propeller of the device. Ten minutes later, the powerful Moran-Parasol, having lifted off the ground, was already flying easily towards the cleared sky, and the German friends were waving their hats and scarves after it.

Soon, from a great height, they saw the solid caterpillar of a German column, which seemed almost motionless.

“Mr. Captain,” Shultz shouted into the ear tube, pointing to the nest in which the bomb lay. - Shouldn’t we let this mother into them?

To which Yurkov, who never lost his calm, answered seriously:

- No, my young friend! Our exact task is reconnaissance. Often - alas! - because of the harsh duty, you have to deny yourself small, innocent pleasures! He was no stranger to salty, rude humor.

Yurkov entered aviation a year before the war. During the war, he successfully flew at first on such old primitive devices, which had not been seen in all the warring armies a long time ago. The Germans said: “The bravest pilots are Russians. A German pilot would consider it madness to fly one of their aircraft.” Yurkov was miraculously saved from death by his courage, composure and resourcefulness. During this time, he still managed to shoot down six enemy airplanes. In 1916, he received two bullet wounds and was sent from the hospital to the Gatchina school as an instructor. Or rather, it was a disguised vacation.

As a comrade, Yurkov, despite some roughness of character, was distinguished by his kindness, readiness to serve, always truthful, and was a favorite companion. As an instructor, he was strict and extremely demanding. He seemed to have completely forgotten about the gradual overcoming of difficulties, about the constant gymnastics of spirit and will that are inevitable when learning the art of aviation. Most of the students ran away from him to other, gentler instructors, but from the youth who suffered in his harsh hands, few, but first-class pilots emerged.

In Gatchina, Fedenka Yurkov chose the Verevkin Hotel as his accommodation, on the signs of which it was written in gold and black: on one “Vieux Verevkine”, and on the other “Drinking and smoking” - an old naive trace of the fifties. Gatchina, a quiet, unsociable town, in the summer all covered in dense greenery, in the winter all covered in impassable snow. Families there rarely get to know each other. There are no meetings, entertainment or entertainment in it, except for disgusting cinema. It was never possible to meet a single person: neither in the Priory Park, nor in the palace, nor in the menagerie. The wonderful palace of Paul I did not attract anyone's attention, even the streets were empty.

It was in the front hall of the inferior cinema, after the session, that Fedenka Yurkov saw Katenka Vakhter.

Waiting while her mother looked for her galoshes, and then wrapped her neck and head in a knitted scarf, Katenka stood in front of the mirror, flirted with her new hat and spoke in a low voice to her friend about her impressions, tilting her face to one side or the other.

- Ah, Max Linder! How good he is! This is something supernatural that cannot be explained by any human words! What an expressive face. What lovely gestures!

Then she turned her head to the right, and her eyes collided with Yurkov’s eyes in the mirror. She looked straight at the pilot, but looked mechanically: she did not see him and continued to speak with exaggerated passion, resting her pupils on his pupils.

- I like him madly, madly! I have never seen such a wonderful man in my life! Here is a person to whom you can give your life, soul, and everything, everything, everything without hesitation. Oh, I'm completely fascinated by him!

At that moment, the enthusiastic image of Yurkov poured into the consciousness of young lady Wachter. She blushed and hurried to hide behind her mother’s broad back. But to herself she said to the officer, who was greedily staring at her with admiring eyes: “What a daring impudent man!”

Yurkov perfectly noticed her proud, careless and contemptuous look. But... all the same... Now there was no salvation for him. Cupid's arrow managed to pierce his courageous heart at that moment, and he immediately fell ill with his first love: tender, cruel, irresistible and incurable love.

Gatchina pilots sometimes visited the Watchmen's house. One of them, Lieutenant Konovalov, brought Yurkov into this house, and from then on Fedenka made frequent visits there. He brought flowers and sweets, took part in picnics and charades, held skeins of wool for his mother on his spread fingers, took his father, the excise inspector and the old fly swatter, to the officers' meeting, where, although not without difficulty, he was sometimes able to beg a glass of alcohol from the head of the household School of Captain Ozerovsky. No wonder in the historical bestiality they sang:

And sometimes to get alcohol,

Ozerovsky and I need flirting,

Chemistry, chemistry,

Pure chemistry.

Reluctantly, Yurkov played small family games and danced the most clumsy waltzes, Hungarians and padespanis to his mother’s music. Everyone knew that he fell madly in love with Katenka. Fellow pilots were surprised. What did he see in this thin seventeen-year-old girl? She was small in stature, with a pale face covered in pimples; Moreover, she had an incorrigible, bad habit of constantly moving the skin on her forehead, so that the wrinkles rose up to the roots of her hair, which gave Katenka’s face a stupid and always surprised expression. Was Fedenka captivated by her tremulous youth alone?

The former officer of a glorious single cavalry regiment had never known pure, fresh love. He, like his fellow dragoons, always engaged in long-distance privateering in love affairs, not to say piracy, and in general light cupidism. Now he loved with respect, with adoration, with an eternal, withering dream of the quiet joys of legal marriage. This desire for family paradise sometimes deeply amazed him, and he sometimes thought out loud:

- Hm... Gotcha, biting!..

He sometimes tried to drop clumsy hints about a marriage proposal. But where did his former cheeky and unceremonious eloquence go? Words stuck heavily in my mouth, and often they were not enough at all. It was as if no one understood his groom’s approaches...

In addition, everyone had long known that Katenka was in love with Georges Vostokov, a twenty-five-year-old pilot who, despite his youth, was considered the first in all Russian aviation in the art of figure aerobatics. In addition, the ruddy Zhorzhik sweetly sang tender romances, accompanying himself on the mandolin and piano. But he did not pay any attention to Katyushina’s glances, sighs and languid invitations to take a boat ride on the Priory Pond. Soon he completely stopped visiting the Watchmen.

Having finally become convinced of his complete and irrevocable failure, Yurkov became bored, depressed, exhausted, and for more than two weeks he did not leave the Vieux Verevkin "a" hotel under various pretexts and returned to service only after a significant letter from the head of the school. He came to the airfield all someone soft, drooping, with an emaciated and darkened face and said to his fellow pilots:

“I was ill and therefore completely limp.” But now I feel much better. I'll try to climb four thousand today. This will cheer me up and shake me up.

His sensitive, obedient Moran Parasol was taken out of the garage. Everyone saw how deftly, steeply and quickly he rose to a height of a thousand meters, but at this height something strange began to happen to him. He didn't go any higher, he swerved, tried to get up several times and went down again. Everyone thought that something had happened to his device. Then he began to descend in a gliding descent. But the airplane seemed to be shaking in his hands. And he sat down on the ground uncertainly, almost breaking the chassis... His comrades ran up to him. He stood near the car with a gloomy and sad face.

- What’s wrong with you, Fedenka? - someone asked.

“Nothing...” he answered curtly. - Nothing... I lost my heart, no matter how it beat - I can’t and can’t rise above a thousand meters - and you know? I'll never be able to. Swaying, he walked across the airfield. No one saw him off, but everyone looked after him for a long time and silently.

Having come to his senses a little, the next day, and the third, and the next, Yurkov tried to overcome the thousandth height, but it was not possible for him. The heart was lost forever.

Notes

12. Have breakfast (from German: frühstücken).

13. Russian pigs (from German: Russische Schweine).

14. Forward! (from German: Vorwärts!).

15. From the words: Guten Morgen - good morning; Mahlzeit - bon appetit; Prosit - your health; kolossal - colossally; pyramidal - excellent (German).

16. My dear father (from German: Mein lieber Vater).

17. Teenage girl (from German: Backfisch).

18. “Old Verevkin” (French).

Noteworthy is brother mine, “my brother” (an obsolete form, ironically this is what Sherlock and Mycroft call each other).

The answer to how Sherlock finds her, and the explanation of where the “swindle” is here (one additional line, about love, according to the author, is not reconstructed from the tombstones, and this indicates, again according to the author’s theory, that Sherlock took “love” from his own head /souls, and not at all from the song Ever)
http://sherlock-overflow-error.tumblr.com/post/156017276908/lost-without-your-love

But it's still beautiful.

On the screen in the dubbing of channel 1 it turns out something like this (it is sung a little differently: “trust the wind, it will lead you to your goal”, but unfortunately I can’t hear the rest). I also found the text of 3-4 verses on the Internet, but could not read it.

I was lost somewhere, come find me,
Dig a hole where the old beech grows.
The east wind itself wants to help me.
Always trust the wind - it will lead you to your goal.
Go, brother, into the shadows.
Without your love, he will completely disappear.
Save your soul to mourn for him.
Look for my door in the shadows under the willow tree,
But don’t go inside, brother (my brother), your death is there.

Try to save everyone
Sixteen by six, look into the darkness.
Find out my gait, hear my steps.
You are on high, don’t be afraid - life is near paradise.

Before you go, walk around my hill
Five by seven steps, where can I find him?
He won't come again, he's lost forever.
Fate is not a queen, nor is the castle her home.

The literal translation will be like this (it is generally clearer and more structured):

I'm lost (lost), oh who will find me?
Below, under the old beech tree.
Help, come to my aid now when the east winds blow.
Sixteen by six, brother, and let's go down!
Don't be afraid to walk in the shadows
save one, save all, let's try!
My steps are five by seven,
life is closer to heaven.
Look down with a dark gaze from above.
Before he disappeared (disappeared, died) - right over my hill.
Who will find him now?
No one will find it.
I will bring fate upon him, I am the queen.
lost (lost) forever, nine by nineteen.
Without your love, he will die before that.
Save pity for strangers, show love the entrance (door)
My soul seeks the shadow of my willow in bloom,
Inside, my brother,
let Death be present.

There are three characters in the song: “I”, “you” (= my brother) and “he”. Moreover, it is immediately laid down that “him” is impossible to find. Even without a code, you can understand that the one who sings needs to be saved. In the original, the east wind does not want to help, you need to save when the east wind blows - even the winds.

Let's return to Conan Doyle and The Rite of the House of Musgrave, which inspired this plot twist. It says this:
"Who owns this?"
"To the one who left."
"Who will it belong to?"
"To the one who comes."
"What month was this?"
"In the sixth, starting from the first."
"Where was the sun?"
"Above the Oak"
"Where was the shadow?"
"Under the Elm"
"How many steps do you need to take?"
"To the north - ten and ten, to the east - five and five, to the south - two and two, to the west - one and one and then down."
"What will we give for this?"
"Everything we have."
“Why are we giving this away?”
"In the name of duty."

In the story, the treasure was the crown of the ancient kings of England. This is probably where the queen came from in Ever's song.

I remembered another case when the plot included a song. This is from "The Ugly Bride"

THE MAID OF THE MILL.

Golden years ago in a mill beside the sea.
There dwelt a little maiden, who plighted her faith to me;
The mill-wheel is now silent, the maid's eyes closed be,
And all that now remains of her are the words she sang to me:

Chorus.

Think sometimes of me still
When the morning breaks and throstle awakes,
Remember the maid of the mill.
Don't forget me! Don't forget me!
Remember the maid, the maid of the mill.

Leaden years have past, gray-haired I look around,
The earth has no such maidens now. such mill-wheels turn not round
But whenever I think of heaven and of whut the angels be,
I see again that little maid and hear her words to me:

Chorus.

This is a real song from the late 19th century. A song from the 1st person of a man who remembers a girl who died, all that was left of her were the words that she sang (and this is the chorus:
"Don't forget me, don't forget me!
Think about me sometimes
When morning comes and the song thrush wakes up,
remember the girl from the mill."

Translated in the film:

You will not forget,
no, you won't forget
never me.

How ironically this echoes the fact that Sherlock completely forgot his sister!