Turgenev's first love is reason and feelings. Mind and Feelings

>Essays based on the work Fathers and Sons

Mind and Feelings

In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” Ivan Turgenev showed a new social phenomenon that arose in Russia in the mid-19th century - nihilism. Since then, this concept has become a household word. In essence, nihilists are people who do not accept the existing relations in society and deny all outdated dogmas. Along with nihilism and the problem of two generations, the writer touched on another topic that is relevant at all times - the theme of love.

From the very beginning of the work, we observe complex relationships between the characters and personal problems. Young student Arkady, returning home to his father, notices that another family member lives on their family estate - the young kept woman Fenechka. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov was a widower and could afford to shelter another woman, especially since Fenechka had a difficult life. In fact, the landowner took pity on her and took full responsibility for her maintenance. Now they had a child together. Nikolai Petrovich’s elder brother, an ardent aristocrat and a convinced bachelor, was not happy about this.

Pavel Petrovich also had a difficult life. He left a brilliant military career after losing the fight for the heart of the secular beauty Princess R. However, the Kirsanovs managed to maintain peace in the house, since Nikolai Petrovich treated all members of his family kindly and adhered to friendly diplomacy. As for the younger generation, Arkady and his friend Evgeny Bazarov found their happiness in the Odintsov sisters. However, the first managed to turn good friendly relations with Katya into a successful union, but the second did not. Bazarov, as a prominent representative of nihilism, tried not to fall under the spell of women and denied the very essence of love.

For this hero, reason came first, and then feelings. But this was his main mistake. Having abandoned Anna Sergeevna, he suffered all his life. He knew that he could make Odintsova happy, because she was so acutely worried about her loneliness after the death of her husband, but the hero decided to remain faithful to his views. In response to her frankness, Anna Sergeevna demanded to open her soul, which he was incapable of. At the end of the work, when he was already seriously ill, Bazarov greatly regretted his unexpressed feelings. He conveyed them in a letter, in which he also asked to take care of his elderly parents.

Unfortunately, the love of Bazarov and Odintsova was doomed from the very beginning, because the hero was too proud and arrogant. He himself understood that their feelings would not have withstood the first test. Thus, Turgenev wanted to show that every person is capable of love, but not everyone can hold it. In the case of Bazarov, the author endowed the hero with a destructive mind, which left him no opportunity for personal growth and spiritual development.

The climax of the story. The real and symbolic meaning of the ending. We see the decisive meeting between father and Zinaida during a horse ride through his eyes. Volodya, who accidentally witnessed the meeting, watches it from afar. Almost no words reach him. Volodya can judge what is happening only by gestures and facial expressions. It’s as if frames from a silent movie are unfolding before us. We can judge that this meeting is psychologically important, at least from the fact that Pyotr Vasilyevich had to “descend to earth” from the fairy-tale centaur. From his horse named Electric, which once formed a single whole with its owner - “just as spoiled, tireless and evil.” But a visible barrier remains between them: “On the street<...>, my father stood in front of the open window of the wooden house<…>, and in the house<…>a woman in a dark dress was sitting<…>. This woman was Zinaida.”

Before us is a new Zinaida, “with an indescribable imprint of devotion, sadness, love and some kind of despair.” This face, the dark, sad dress speaks of how difficult the life of a girl who sacrificed everything for her first love is. But does her beloved man realize this? Volodya catches them in the middle of an argument. Pyotr Vasilyevich convinces Zinaida to submit to something else - judging by the beginning of the French phrase “you must...”. The girl hesitates; in response to his words, she “smiled - obediently and stubbornly. By that smile alone I recognized my old Zinaida.” Annoyed by such a contradiction, Volodya’s father decides to commit a cruel act: “...He raised his whip<…>and a sharp blow was heard on this arm, bare to the elbow.” Volodya is deeply struck by the girl’s reaction: “Zinaida shuddered, silently looked at her father and, slowly raising her hand to her lips, kissed the red scar on it.” A gesture filled with selflessness awakens repentance in the soul of the old egoist: “The father threw the whip aside and, hastily running up the steps of the porch, burst into the house...” Most likely, this day became a turning point in the life of Pyotr Vasilich and in his attitude towards people: “ He thought and lowered his head<…>. And then I saw for the first and almost the last time how much tenderness and regret his stern features could express.”

Volodya's father became a victim of feelings, like Belovzorov and Lushin. We do not know what news the “letter from Moscow” contained, which excited him so much and caused the blow. The happiness of his beloved woman prompts Pyotr Vasilyevich, in turn, to give up his pride: “He went to ask his mother for something and, they say, even cried. He is my father! The lines of the suicide letter to Volodya do not explain anything. The unfinished afterlife message takes the belated feeling to a new level of generalization: “My son<…>, fear a woman’s love, fear this happiness, this poison...” After the death of Pyotr Vasilyevich, Volodya’s mother, undoubtedly fulfilling her husband’s dying request, sent “a rather large sum” to Moscow.

At the end of the story, Turgenev again touches on the theme of time, again recalling how irreparably terrible it is to delay in love. Mr. N. could not catch up with Asya. Vladimir Petrovich was lucky enough to hear about Zinaida “about four years” later. The princess managed to arrange her life, despite secular gossip. This is how one can understand Maidanov’s polite omissions, from whose lips Vladimir learned about the further fate of Zinaida, now Mrs. Dolskaya. They can meet and meet the past. Moreover, she “has become even prettier” and, according to a friend, “will be glad” to see her former admirer.

“Old memories stirred up in me,” says Vladimir Petrovich, “I promised myself the next day to visit my former “passion.” The frivolous word “passion”, which Vladimir Petrovich used when speaking about his first love, instills anxiety in the reader. And indeed, the hero is not in a hurry: “But some things came up; a week passed, then another..." But fate does not want to wait: "...When I finally went to the Demuth hotel and asked Mrs. Dolskaya, I found out that she died almost suddenly four days ago<…>" “It was as if something pushed me into my heart,” says the hero. “The thought that I could have seen her and did not see her and will never see her - this bitter thought sank into me with all the force of an irresistible reproach. The mention of “four days” that have passed since the day of death is understandable. Volodya didn’t even have time to attend Zinaida’s funeral. But he partly atoned for the sin when he “was present at the death of one poor old woman” who lived alone and had no relatives.

Lesson summary for 7th grade on the topic “I.S. Turgenenv. "First love". Moral issues of the story. Meaning of the title. Autobiographical basis of the text."

1 . Guys, I have prepared for you several statements by Ivan Sergeevich about love:

Without ardent love, without deep and strong faith, life is not worth living.

In love, one person is a slave, and the other is a master, and it is not for nothing that poets talk about the chains imposed by love. Yes, love is a chain, and the heaviest one.

Love for every age has its suffering.

Nothing could be worse and more offensive than happiness that came too late.

Every love is happy, as well as unhappy, a real disaster when you give yourself completely to it.

We will return to these statements as the lesson progresses.

2. This text is also about love. Please note that this word is included in the title, and this, we remember, is a strong position of the text. The reader's first impression of a literary work is formed preciselytitle.

3. Guys, I would like to note that Turgenev himself loved this story very much. This is how he spoke about this work:“This is the only thing that still gives me pleasure, because it is life itself, it is not composed...” Guys, what impression did this text make on you?

4. The text was written approximately 150 years ago. A long time ago. Do you think it has retained its relevance? Why?

(Here the teacher should draw the students’ attention to the fact that the text is relevant for everyone and always, because it is about love - a feeling that not only worried writers and artists at all times and occupies a huge place in the soul, the inner world of every person. In addition , you can point out that the main character Volodya is almost the same age as the guys).

5. So, let's turn to the story itself. Let's start with dedication. The story is dedicated to P.V. Annenkov. We have a message about him.

Sample message text

The story is dedicated to a close friend I.S. Turgenev to Pavel Vasilievich Annenkov. Annenkov is a literary critic, memoirist, prose writer, biographer and publisher of the collected works of A.S. Pushkin.

Friendship with N.V. Gogol and V.G. Belinsky determined the future literary fate of Annenkov. Annenkov lived abroad for a long time, visited Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Denmark, and England. He reflected his impressions vividly and interestingly in “Letters from Abroad” and “Travel Notes.”

Having met I.S. Turgenev, Annenkov became his friend and literary adviser until the end of the writer’s life.

An important place in the memoirs of P.V. Annenkov is occupied by the memoirs “The Youth of I.S. Turgenev. 1840-1856" (1884). In addition, Pavel Vasilyevich Annenkov is the first publisher of Turgenev’s letters.

After the message, the teacher summarizes that Annenkov -close friend of I.S. Turgenev, literary critic, memoirist, prose writer, biographer, was friends with Gogol and Belinsky. In addition, Annenkov, the author of the memoirs “The Youth of I.S. Turgenev,” published his personal letters for the first time.

Here the teacher writes the word “memoirs” on the board, students write down the definition in their notebooks (memoirs - notes, diaries, memories of the author about any events in which he was a participant and great people whom he personally knew).

6 . Guys, when we talk about any text, we are always interested in the opinion of our contemporaries about it. After all, 150 years later, we judge the story following the critics and millions of readers. How did contemporaries see the text? Of course, we will not be able to cover all the diversity of points of view on the story within the framework of the lesson, so I will tell you about the opinions of those people to whom Turgenev himself listened. The first person is Louis Viardot, a French critic and writer. But is this name already familiar to us?

So, this is what Viardot wrote about the story to Turgenev: “My dear friend, I want to speak frankly to you about your “First Love”. Frankly, if I were the editor of the Revue des Deux Mondes, I would also reject this little novel and for the same reasons. I am afraid that, whether you like it or not, it should be classified in the category of that literature that is rightly called unhealthy. All his characters reek of odiousness.

Guys, who knows the meaning of the word “odious”? Let's write it down. (odious - unpleasant, causing an extremely negative attitude towards oneself).

However, Turgenev's friend, writer Gustave Flaubert, a classic of French literature, evaluates “First Love” differently. In March 1863, he wrote to Turgenev: “... I understood this thing especially well... This whole story and even the whole book is illuminated by the following two lines: “I didn’t have any bad feelings against my father. On the contrary: he seemed to have grown up in my eyes.” This, in my opinion, is an amazingly deep thought. Will it be noticed? Don't know. This is the pinnacle for me."

Guys, which opinion are you more inclined to? Who is right?Why do you think Viardot called the story “unhealthy literature”?

Here the guys will most likely find it difficult to answer. Let's move on to the guiding questions:

Let's talk about the main character. What is she like? What do you like about her and what is unpleasant?

The teacher should draw the students' attention to the fact that it is the princess's liveliness, her spontaneity, and sincerity that make her attractive in the eyes of others. This contrasts her with the other heroes who are trying to maintain secular decency. Children, as a rule, say themselves that a young girl should not enter into a relationship with a married man.

Why does none of the men around her find a place in her heart?

Through this question we come to the conclusion that her surroundings are ordinary and uninteresting to her. It can be noted that Malevsky is a scoundrel, Belovzorov is stupid, etc. She is taller and stronger than each of these men.

Why did Zina fall in love with Pyotr Vasilyevich.

Let's analyze the image of Volodya's father. We focus on the contradictory nature of the image. Sophistication, intelligence, charm, mystery, strength - this is what attracts Zina to him.

Do you condemn this hero? Neglects the feelings of his wife, son, Zina.

Why do you think Volodya said this about his father:“I didn’t have any bad feelings against my father. On the contrary: he seemed to have grown up in my eyes.”

The father is cold and indifferent to his wife and son, but then Volodya saw love in his heart. It was this feeling that elevated the father in the eyes of his son.

Here we can return to Turgenev’s statements. Draw students' attention to the fact that love is both happiness and torment at the same time.

We conclude that it is precisely because the characters violate moral standards that Viardot calls the story “unhealthy literature,” and Flaubert, apparently, is ready to justify a lot of things with love.

7 . Guys, let's look at the title. Why is the text called this?

Here the guys always say that the text is about Volodya’s first love. Sometimes they say it’s about Zaretskaya’s first love. We need to bring the guys to the idea that the story is about Pyotr Vasilyevich’s first love.

8 .This story touches the reader to the core. But it becomes even more interesting if the reader knows that the text is autobiographical.

The prototypes of Volodya’s parents were the parents of I.S. Turgenev. The writer paints a vivid and reliable portrait of his father, which he himself repeatedly says. Many condemned him for this, but the writer admired the beauty of his father, his irresistible charm. Turgenev recalled that he, almost a boy, and his father fell in love with the young and amazingly beautiful poetess Ekaterina Shakhovskaya. For my father, this was the last, almost fatal love, which, according to some critics, accelerated his death. The reasons for the death of Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev are completely unknown. Varvara Petrovna herself (the writer’s mother) hints at this in one of her letters, speaking about the “violent death” of her husband. On the very morning when the father had a stroke, he began a letter to his son in French: “My son, fear a woman’s love, fear this happiness, this poison.” And Ivan Sergeevich himself said about himself: “My whole life is permeated with the feminine principle... I believe that only love causes such a flowering of the whole being that nothing else can be.”

Once, when asked who served as the prototype for the young hero of the story “First Love,” Turgenev answered: “This boy is your humble servant... - How? And you were so in love? - I was. - And ran with a knife? - And ran with a knife.”

We have a message about the prototype of the main character of the story.

Sample message text .

The prototype of Zinaida Zasekina is a real person - Princess Shakhovskaya, poetess. Several poetic excerpts were published under her name in the 1930s. Shakhovskaya's poems make an unusual impression. Especially if you re-read Turgenev’s “First Love” before that. They are unusually light, free and graceful. Shakhovskaya’s poetic experiences are strongly characterized by confessional motives. This is why they are especially valuable to us. With childlike spontaneity, the princess talks about the confusion that love caused her heroine, how great her determination is to defend her feelings against the whole world.

The fate of Shakhovskaya is conveyed by Turgenev in the story to a large extent in accordance with reality. In September 1835, that is, almost a year after the death of S.N. Turgenev, Shakhovskaya got married. The princess's marriage was interpreted by contemporaries as some kind of desperate gesture, a demonstration. On June 22, 1836, Ekaterina Lvovna gave birth to a child. Six days after this, the mother died. In St. Petersburg, at the Volkov cemetery, at the beginning of the last century, a poor tombstone over the grave of Princess Shakhovskaya was still preserved. The epitaph on the monument:

My friend, how terrible, how sweet to love!

The whole world is so beautiful, like the face of perfection.

After the message, the teacher focuses on the fact that both the heroine of the story and Shakhovskaya die young, almost immediately after the death of their loved one. The message contains the words epitaph, writes down the definition (epitaph - words written on the occasion of someone's death, often used as a funeral inscription).

Guys, listen again to how the epitaph on the poetess’s grave sounds. Who wrote these poignant words? Who sent her farewell greetings? Unknown. But we like to think that this is I.S. Turgenev.

9. D/Z Analysis of the story episode in groups.

Igroup:“Game of forfeits” (chapter VII);

IIgroup:“Jump from the Wall” (chap. XII);

IIIgroup:“Explanation of Zinaida and Father” (Chapter XXI).

ANALYSIS PLAN

1/ The place of the episode in the development of the plot and composition of the work. Its conventional name.

2/Speech structure of the episode: dialogue (speech characteristics of the characters, features of the author’s remarks), narration (depiction of events), description (portrait, landscape, psychological state of the characters), author’s reasoning (lyrical digressions).

3/What events take place in the episode, who is involved in them, what aspects of the characters’ character are revealed?

4/What figurative and expressive means of artistic speech does the writer use, for what purpose?

5/What is the significance of the episode for revealing the main idea of the work, expressing the author’s position?

“First Love” - a story by I.S. Turgenev. The concept of the work dates back to the late 1850s, work on it was completed in March 1860. The first publication was made in the journal “Library for Reading” for 1860 (No. 3), subsequent ones reproduced this text with minor copyright edits.

Turgenev’s “First Love,” unlike the simultaneously created novels “On the Eve” and “The Noble Nest,” does not pose or resolve acute social issues of the time. The story is distinguished by its intimate sound, as indicated, in particular, by the framing. Three friends, three no longer young people, get together to fulfill a long-standing intention: each must tell the story of their first love. The content of the story, therefore, is addressed not to the sphere of official relations of the “big world”, but to the deeply personal, intimate side of human existence.

Exploring one of the eternal problems of life, Turgenev achieves a truly symbolic generalization of the material. The key to the content lies in the title. The image of “first love” means, on the one hand, the age of human life, namely the transition from childhood to adolescence and approaching the period of maturity (the hero of the story, sixteen-year-old Vladimir, is preparing to enter university and at this moment experiences his first love feeling). On the other hand, this is a universal image of a spiritual state in which the expectation of happiness, the idolization of a loved one, the willingness to sacrifice life for him are coupled with deep sadness, knowledge of the tragic essence of love, and, finally, sad regret about the impracticability of the wonderful hopes of youth. Such a complex sound of the “first love” motif is achieved by combining two points of view in the narrative: young Vladimir, taking his first steps on the path of life, and the same hero a quarter of a century later - forty-year-old Vladimir Petrovich, acutely aware of the approach of old age.

Turgenev's story "First Love" is constructed as a retrospective - but not in the form of an expected oral story, but as a pre-recorded memory (it turns out that it is easier to describe intimate feelings on paper than to talk about them out loud). Distinguishing the time layers of “past” and “present” allows the narrator to transform the long past and show first love as an exceptional event in human life, one and only in the brightness of experiences, in the prayerful mood of the soul. The state of first love has nothing to do with the routine and vulgarity of everyday life. The festive image of first love is made up of the irresistible charm of female beauty, desire for achievement, romantic inspiration (young Vladimir quotes Pushkin, Lermontov, Khomyakov, Schiller), and finally, amazing landscapes woven from color and light that correspond to the feelings of the hero.

One of Turgenev’s most lyrical works, the story “First Love” is autobiographical. While working on the story, forty-two-year-old Turgenev experienced a deep mental breakdown caused by the experience of the approaching threshold of old age. “Life is all in the past,” he wrote to Countess Lambert, “and the present is only precious, like a reflection of the past. Meanwhile, what was so especially good about the past? Hope, the ability to hope - i.e. future". The idea of the tragedy of life, the impracticability of ideals so intensely experienced in youth - this is the result of understanding the past in the story “First Love”.

Fokeev Nikita

The work analyzes the content of chapter 16 of I. S. Turgenev’s story “First Love” and determines its role in revealing the ideological concept of the work.

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Introduction. Setting a goal…………………………….2
Episode analysis……………………………………………………….3
Conclusion……………………………………………………………...6
Literature……………………………………………………………7

I. Introduction. Setting a goal.

Love... What is this? The arrow of Eros, which pierces the human mind and drives you crazy? The tricks of the goddess of love Aphrodite? Or maybe this is a reward to humanity for everything it has created? Or punishment for violating God's holy commandments? Thousands of philosophers throughout the entire existence of the human race have struggled and will continue to struggle with this riddle, because every person in the world has loved at least once. And each in his own way. Those people who love with all their soul, sincerely, selflessly, surrendering completely to the power of feelings, are born to become creators. One of these creators was Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. This famous person amazed and amazes his readers with the versatility of his feelings. His understanding of love is very colorfully conveyed in his works: love for nature (“Notes of a Hunter”), love for a serf peasant (“Mumu”), love between a man and a woman (“Asya”, “First Love”) - and this is the shortest list his works.

I want to dwell in detail on I.S. Turgenev’s story “First Love”, since I believe that I and my peers are waiting for this great mysterious feeling that “... excites the soul and interferes with sleep” (M.Yu. Lermontov). How to understand that true love has come to you, and this is exactly what will change your whole life, your whole life, how to grab this

an elusive thread, how to have time to say that most important word, because “Happiness has no tomorrow, it doesn’t have yesterday either... it has the present - and that’s not a day, but a moment.” It is unlikely that I will find answers to these questions; it is all very individual. But Volodya’s feelings, his experiences, in my opinion, are close to a modern young man.

In each of his works, Turgenev leads his heroes through the test of love. For Turgenev, only a loving, deeply feeling person is viable. What appeals to me about the writer is that the characters’ characters, their psychology, their views are not revealed immediately, but gradually, in half-hints: through details, a portrait, lines of dialogue, and author’s remarks. Hence the importance of every episode, every word spoken by the characters.

The purpose of my work– analyze chapter 16 of I.S. Turgenev’s story “First Love” and find out what role the episode of the game of forfeits plays in revealing the ideological and thematic content of the story.

II.Analysis of the episode.

Why chapter 16? I believe that it is here that Turgenev penetrates into the depths of the human soul, comprehending its dialectics. In this episode, the main thing is the analysis of the psychological state of the heroes, the secrets and mysteries of the previous chapters are revealed, the characters of the heroes and their future destinies are outlined.

So, chapter 16...

“Maidanov came earlier than everyone else this time - he brought new poems.” The last time Maidanov brought his poems, Volodya appeared in the company of young people - fans of Zinaida. These “new poems” are a sign through which the author wants to show readers that something new has happened in Zinaida’s life. (As we later learn, Volodya’s father appeared in her life and managed to tame her. And something very important happened: the very appearance of a new man meant an intensification of the competition for the lady’s heart). Zinaida wants to tell the whole society about her love: “The whole society was present, in full force...” This quote further aggravates the expectation of something new, completely strange, unlike the old Zinaida.

The compositional center of the chapter is a fairy tale story told by Zinaida, from which we understand that she fell in love. As you know, love changes a person, his essence. The main character of the story adjusted her entire environment to suit herself (“... you are all ready to die at my feet, I own you...”), and here we see that the mood of the “gathering” has changed. “The games of forfeit began again, but without the previous strange antics, without tomfoolery and noise - the gypsy element disappeared.” I want to pay special attention to the words “the gypsy element has disappeared.” Gypsies are a people of free life, prone to nomadism, reckless and cheerful, but at the same time persecuted by everyone and the owner of a difficult life. The disappearance of the “gypsy element” indicates that the heroine’s freedom and riots are over, and Zinaida has found her tamer.

What is Zinaida talking about? About the beautiful love of a majestic, proud, fatal Queen for a commoner. And immediately a comparison comes to mind with another Turgenev girl - Asya - “No, Asya needs a hero, an extraordinary person - or a picturesque shepherd in a mountain gorge.” But let's see, in what settings does the action take place? Sheer romance: music, the quiet splash of water, “a sky with big stars and a dark garden with big trees,” a fountain “long, long, like a ghost.” And all the whims of luxury: a magnificent palace, gold, marble, crystal, silk, lights, diamonds, flowers, smokes. The dialogue between the heroine and Doctor Lushin is very significant here:

Do you love luxury? - Lushin interrupted her.

Luxury is beautiful,” she objected, “I love everything beautiful.”

More beautiful? - he asked.

This is something tricky, I don’t understand.

Beautiful and wonderful...

According to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, beautiful - delivering pleasure to the eye, pleasing in appearance and l: attracting attention, spectacular, but meaningless; beautiful - that which embodies beauty and corresponds to its ideals. I understood that the beautiful is more about the form, and the beautiful is about the content; it is something deeper, more serious, moral, and subtle. But Zinaida did not understand this difference. Isn't this a consequence of her upbringing? The disorderliness of life, bad manners and untidiness of the mother, tallow cinders, broken knives and forks, gloomy Boniface, promiscuity in acquaintances - all this comes into conflict with the pure, romantic, sincere soul of Zinaida. “How much bad, dark, sinful there is in me...” (Chapter 18) “Everything disgusts me, I would go to the ends of the world, I can’t bear it, I can’t cope... Oh, it’s hard for me... My God, how hard it is!” (Chapter 9). And the love of flattery is also due to a lack of education, due to the petty bourgeois desire to feel better than others, higher, purer.

We encounter the same interesting play on words in chapter 21. After the meeting with Zinaida, the father answered Volodya’s question “Where did you drop your whip?” answers: “I didn’t drop him, I threw him” (my breakdown). To drop is to do it accidentally, but to throw is to do it on purpose. The detail is small, but it tells us a lot about the character and feelings of Pyotr Vasilyevich.

From Zinaida’s encounter with Malevsky, we understand how well disposed she is towards Volodya, how subtly she understands the young man’s experiences, how much society values him and how much she can empathize. For the sake of this 16-year-old boy, the girl expels the most secular man, the count, from her home, showing amazing toughness and determination. A cold look and a cold smile are not at all in Zinaida’s character. But the ability to forgive even the most bitter insults is completely in her character. This clash with Count Malevsky will not pass without a trace for the heroes of the story; it will turn into a tragedy for both the Zasekins and Volodya’s family. It is not for nothing that the author writes about the premonition of misfortune, trouble: “everyone felt a little awkward... from... a heavy feeling. No one talked about it, but everyone was aware of it both in themselves and in their neighbor.”

It is in Chapter 16 that Volodya for the first time acutely feels loneliness, witnesses someone else’s happiness and is finally convinced that he is not Zinaida’s chosen one: “I felt a strange excitement: as if I had gone on a date - and remained lonely and passed by someone else’s happiness.”

But it’s not only our hero who suffers. Happiness passed by all Zasekina’s admirers.

(no wonder he was the only one who offered her his hand and heart):

Would you lock her (wife) up?

I would have locked her.

Well, what if... she cheated on you?

I would have killed her.

Well, suppose I were your wife, what would you do then?

I would kill myself...

And he really couldn’t survive the refusal: “And Belovzorov... He disappeared without a trace, they say he went to the Caucasus.” (Chapter 20) Apparently, he left to seek death...

The girl’s reasoning about what her fans would do if they found out about her chosen one is very informative. Belovzorov, of course, challenged him to a duel. The gloomy romantic, feignedly tragic, full of sarcasm poet Maidanov would have written a long iambic. The prudent Nirmatsky would have lent money for interest, and the vile, two-faced Count Malevsky would have offered poisoned candy. It is here that the premise of the subsequent tragedy lies: only the anonymous dirty letter planted on Volodya’s mother, the wife of Pyotr Vasilyevich (Chapter 19) will act as candy.

As we see, in Chapter 16 Turgenev’s “hidden”, “secret” psychologism is clearly manifested. The writer does not directly depict all the feelings and thoughts of his characters, but allows them to be guessed by their external manifestations. He saturates his narrative with images of the heroes’ actions; it is they who tell us what the hero feels at this time.

We saw in Zinaida a pure, searching, passionate nature, capable of empathy, daring self-denial and protest.

We saw the beginning of the misfortune that would befall our heroes: it was the dream told by Zinaida Zasekina that would push Count Malevsky to a base act and become the reason for her separation from Volodya’s father.

And we revealed the secret of Zinaida’s strange behavior, her “chameleonism”, the reason for sadness and tears, the reason for her sharply changing mood - she fell in love.

Thus, chapter 16 is an important episode in revealing the ideological content of the story.

III. Conclusion.

Turgenev published the story “First Love” in 1860. Many contemporaries perceived the heroine of the story as a girl “devoid of any moral sense.” D.I. Pisarev admitted that he did not understand her character, and N.A. Dobrolyubov wrote that “No one has met such a woman, and would not want to meet.” “The heroine of this story,” as stated in the Moskovskie Vedomosti review, “is nothing more than a flirtatious and extremely capricious and far from moral person.”

Turgenev himself once said: “Of all my female types, I am most pleased with Zinaida in First Love.” In her I was able to present a truly living face: a coquette by nature, but an attractive coquette.”

“This is the only thing that still gives me pleasure, because it is life itself, it is not composed...” (I.S. Turgenev)

IV Literature:

I.S. Turgenev “First Love”. – M., “Bustard”, 2002.
I.S. Turgenev “Asya”. – M., “Bustard”, 2002.
M.Yu. Lermontov “Works”. – M., “Pravda” 1990. t1
S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova “Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language” - M., “AZ”, 1992.
F.A. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron “Encyclopedic Dictionary”. – M., “Eksmo”, 2007.
Newspaper “Literature” No. 16 dated 04/23/01.

Municipal educational institution

"Verkhneuslonskaya gymnasium"

Verkhneuslonsky municipal district

Republic of Tatarstan

Analysis of one episode.

(I.S. Turgenev “First Love”, chapter 16)

(Study)

Completed:

Fokeev Nikita, student 9

class

Supervisor:

Tikhonova T.N., Russian teacher