New technologies in decorative and applied arts. Master class "new technologies in decorative and applied arts" "stylized stained glass"
Instructions
Decoupage (literally translated from French - cutting) is the decoration of various surfaces using cut out images. These can be small fragments and entire paintings that decorate furniture, dishes, Christmas tree decorations, and other interior items. Despite the fact that this technique is several centuries old, in Russia it has been gaining popularity only since the beginning of the 21st century. Modern decoupage is based on decorating the surface with images cut out of special paper - decoupage napkins and cards. You can complement the decor with an unusual texture, gilding, craquelure, or combine paper motifs with hand-drawn ones.
Scrapbooking (“book of scraps”, “clipping book”) – originally the production of photo albums. In a broad sense, modern as a type of decorative creativity is the production of postcards, notebooks, photo albums, decorated with three-dimensional and flat images, textile, metal elements, lace, artificial flowers, which are arranged into a complete composition, on a specific or free theme. Albums, postcards and notebooks can be not only a traditional book, but also folded like an accordion, a house or a box.
Point-to-point is the so-called painting, a technique in which the surface is decorated with dots applied with a special outline. The peculiarity of this technique is painstaking fine work - in order to get a thin elegant pattern with beautiful color transitions, the dots must be small, not spread and applied very close to each other. In addition, this is a rather expensive decoration method - high-quality contours are not cheap, and a high-quality gradient requires several shades of the same color. You can “sharpen” not only an independent picture; this method will successfully complement work using the decoupage technique.
Quilling is the making of decorative compositions using strips of colored paper twisted into a spiral; the technique also comes from the Middle Ages. Initially, monks did it, now craftswomen make postcards, decorative panels, and jewelry using this method. The technique is based on the simplest technique - a long strip of special paper is twisted into a spiral using a thin rod (in the simplest version, this can be the rod of an ordinary ballpoint pen). Then the workpiece is given an oblong shape, bent on one side, or any other shape, resulting in various petals, rays of snowflakes, and so on. Usually it is necessary to produce quite a lot of elements, which are then assembled into a single composition.
Sections: Technology
Object of labor: floral panel using the “Stylized Stained Glass” technique.
Materials and tools: colored xerox paper, moment glue “Crystal”, hot glue gun, organza fabric (nylon, veil), scissors, wire, fishing line, beads, beads, frame for the panel.
Equipment: product sample, booklet “From the history of the bouquet” ( Annex 1 ), instruction card “Making composition details using the technique of stylized stained glass.” ( Appendix 2 )
Basic concepts:
Stained glass – French word translated means window glass. The main principle is free viewing in the light.
Capron– thin, transparent, artificial fabric.
Kant – the distance between the outer and inner cutout of the part.
PROGRESS OF THE MASTER CLASS
I. Introductory part
The inexhaustible imagination of living nature, which is an example of constructive expediency, harmony and beauty, amazes the imagination. Very often there is an irresistible desire to preserve this natural beauty for a long time, capturing it in all possible ways.
How bizarre and unusual is what a woman can create with her own hands. Artificial flowers are a gift from Ancient Egypt, women who lived 3 thousand years BC. It would seem that all the ways to convey the subtlety and grace of natural motifs have already been invented before us. But creative inspiration has no limits. And then and now, we always strive to decorate our home, clothes, and accessories with elegant floral decorations, and in our desire to prolong the charm, we come up with little tricks.
The impetus for the creation of the “stylized stained glass” technique was the classic “stained glass”.
Stained glass(French vitrage - glazing, from Latin vitrum - glass)- a work of decorative art of a fine or ornamental nature made of colored glass, designed for through lighting and intended to fill an opening, most often a window, in any architectural structure.
“Stained glass” is a French word, translated means window glass, “glass”.
In classic stained glass, the base is a metal frame, between the openings (windows) of which colored glass is placed. Light passing through colored glass creates a special decorative effect, such a color palette that the interior is filled with fabulousness and mystery.
People learned to make stained glass a long time ago. Already in ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, stained glass windows decorated the homes of pharaohs, kings, and noble people.
Old Russian masters decorated royal chambers, cathedrals, and temples with stained glass. In the 17th-18th centuries, Russian craftsmen invented small stained glass. They called him LICAJOUR. These are elegant decorative vases, candy dishes, cups, boxes, chandeliers; the shape of which is made of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), with empty decorative windows that are filled with colored glass.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, stained glass panels dominated. This evolutionary transformation not only radically changed the iconography of stained glass, but also enormously expanded the scope of their application. In the era of eclecticism, the location of stained glass in a house was strictly limited by the window opening. Now stained glass “came out” of the “frame” of the window: compositions of colored glass began to be included in interior partitions, then multi-colored glass ceilings and domes appeared, after which stained glass “broke out” beyond the walls of the house: illuminated signs, advertising signs made of glass letters transformed the appearance cities.
The ancient technique of stained glass - a mosaic set of figured pieces of glass - began to be actively used for many applied items: furniture, fireplace screens, screens, mirrors, musical instruments, jewelry. And after improving the method of connecting glass to each other, stained glass technology began to be used not only for flat surfaces, but also for three-dimensional objects - lamps and fixtures of the most bizarre shapes.
In modern practice, plastic, chemical films, plexiglass, etc. are used to make stained glass windows. Stained glass windows can be made not only from colored glass and iron, but also from fabric, leather, cardboard and paper.
The main principle is free viewing in the light.
II. Preparation for practical work
Practical teachers often look for interesting, non-standard ways to involve children in arts and crafts activities.
The technique of “stylized stained glass” will leave a lot of positive emotions from the work process and a desire to improve skills in this matter.
Children can work in this technique already at the elementary level, becoming familiar with the world of beauty of their native nature. After all, it is very important in childhood to discern the unusual color scheme of the petals, the elegance and subtlety of the stamens and stems, and the unique shape of the leaves. In the process of work, fine motor skills of the hands, skills of symmetrical cutting, accuracy, perseverance, eye, creative thinking and imagination develop.
To work with this technique, you do not need complex tools (as in the manufacture of artificial flowers: balls, knives, soldering iron, etc.) or hazardous materials, as in the manufacture of classic stained glass: metal frame, glass, etc.). You need to stock up on ordinary colored photocopy paper and pieces of transparent fabric - orgaza, nylon or chiffon. Paper will be replaced by a heavy metal frame, and transparent fabric will be replaced by dangerous glass, leaving only the effect of transparency, tenderness and uniqueness.
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You should use only photocopier paper, since only this material has advantages during the work process: parts can be easily shaped while maintaining the appearance of the product, it does not break, does not roll, or tear.
To glue paper frames, use moment glue “Crystal”, it does not leave stains, excess is easily removed by rolling. When gluing finished parts of the composition, use a glue gun.
It is better to use organza or nylon fabric. It has sufficient rigidity and shimmers very well in the sun. But if your plan requires using chiffon, mesh or other soft fabric, give it additional rigidity in advance.
III. Practical work
The process of making flowers using the “stylized stained glass” technique can be divided into several important stages. ( Appendix 2 )
1. Make a sketch of the future composition.
Determine the shape of the flowers and leaves, and according to this, make patterns of the flower parts in half form for symmetrical cutting. The edge width must be at least 0.5 cm.
2. Fold the paper so that when cutting you get two symmetrical parts.
To ensure that the cut lines match exactly when gluing, mark the parts in a mirror image. Glue symmetrical parts onto the fabric on both sides, matching the cuts and cutouts.
3. Let the glued parts dry and cut them out, leaving an edge of 0.3-0.4 cm.
4. Shape the flower details. This can be done in several ways: wet the cut out part and secure it to the mold, then dry it; using scissors;
Make blanks of small elements of the composition: stamens, branches of beads, wire springs, etc.
5. Connect the flower parts together. Secure the stamens. Group the details of the composition. Prepare the base frame.
6. Attach parts of the composition to the base in accordance with the plan.
7. Finalize the composition: glue beads, seed beads, sprinkle with glitter.
I wish you creative success!
New Technologies in arts and crafts
Modern views
arts and crafts
additional education teacher
MBU DO TsRTDIU im. A. Gaidar
G.Arzamas
2018
New technologies in arts and crafts
Trimming - a type of paper art that involves creating an applicative mosaic made from small pieces of corrugated (crepe) paper.
Encaustic - a painting technique in which the binder of paint is wax. Painting is done with melted paints (hence the name). A type of encaustic painting is wax tempera, characterized by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted using this technique. Originated in Ancient Greece.
Kumihimo- An ancient Japanese weaving technique.
Fredpoint - creating paintings using small pieces of wool threads. “Fredpoint” is the name of the technique that was invented by the Khitkov family (from the English “thread” - yarn and “point” - point).
Kinusayga - a type of amateur art, the creation of artistic products (like mosaics) from multi-colored pieces of fabric.
Felting - a special needlework technique, during which wool for felting is used to create a pattern on fabric or felt, three-dimensional toys, panels, decorative elements, items of clothing or accessories.
Tapestry - thematic and decorative wall compositions made using the classical technology of weaving trellises from dyed wool, linen, cotton and synthetic threads. A tapestry is created at the loom.
Batik - Art painting on fabric
Linocut - engraving, that is, a print from a design carved on linoleum or a similar plastic material
Ganutel - exclusive Maltese handicrafts. The ganuteli uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wrap the parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers turn out graceful and light.
Guilloche - technique of burning an openwork pattern onto fabric manually using a burning machine
Tsumami Kanzashi .
The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future products are then glued to the base.
Creative
success!
Thank you for your attention!
Svetlana Zheleznichenko
The use of modern technologies in arts and crafts
Creation– this is not just a surge of emotions, it is inseparable from knowledge, skills, and emotions accompany creation, spiritualize human activity. When solving any problems, an act occurs creativity, a new path is found or something new is created. This is where the development of special qualities of the mind is required, such as observation, the ability to compare and analyze, find connections and imagine everything that together constitutes Creative skills.
And the children's creation- this is a wonderful and mysterious country, helping a child enter it and learn to feel at home there means making the life of a little person more interesting and richer. Ability to compare, analyze, combine, find and dependencies –
all this together constitutes Creative skills. Normal children have a variety of potential abilities. Nature
endowed them with the ability to think brightly and emotionally, empathize with new things, and perceive the world holistically. The teacher’s task is to identify and develop creative potential in accessible and interesting for children
activities.
Developing abilities means equipping a child with ways
activities, give him the key, the principle of doing the work, create
conditions for the identification and flourishing of his talent. Abilities are not just
manifest themselves in work, they are formed, develop, flourish in work and
perish in inaction. Therefore, for development creative activity requires the creation of certain conditions. Lessons creativity are unthinkable without creating a special emotional atmosphere of passion that promotes creative, creative activity. After all, all this is an integral element for the development of spiritual and creative personality.
The entire arsenal of means should work to captivate, ignite, and mentally awaken students. Right now, in the age of scientific technical progress when they developed modern technologies, society needs more than ever creative, courageous, enterprising individuals. This progress will depend on quantity and quality creative minds, on their ability to increase the intellectual potential of the people.
It turns out that everyone should become creators? Yes! Let some to a lesser extent, others to a greater extent, but definitely all. Where do you get so many talented and capable people? Nature is not always generous with talents; they are rare, like diamonds.
At the turn of the century and in the background technological revolution, humanity is developing so dynamically that the relevance of the search for the unshakable foundations of evolution, primarily of a philosophical and moral nature, increases. In this regard, it has unique properties. It contains the wisdom of all generations in a concentrated symbolic form. Signs awaken ideas embedded in the “historical genes” of a nation. The compactness and visuality of the sign makes it ideal for wide dissemination and influence on people's consciousness. New technologies can significantly enhance this effect.
The use of modern technologies in arts and crafts determined by its specificity. This type of human activity dates back centuries, is based on ethnocultural traditions, and has the character of know-how. That's why arts and crafts hardly crosses the boundaries of local territories where it was born and developed. Modern technologies, which do not know national borders and allow the rapid exchange of large volumes of diverse information, are increasingly reducing the barrier to dissemination. Computers make it possible to reduce the amount of monotonous work when sketching ornaments and free up flight creative thought.
Thus, modern technologies and materials, meeting the specifics arts and crafts, can be divided into two types, which I conventionally call “Internet technologies", promoting education and dissemination creativity, and "computer technologies", developing creativity technology.
Let's consider modern state of information technologies in arts and crafts using the example of handicrafts. There are a number of craft sites on the Internet, and their number is growing. The sites present the following Services:
Information about various types of needlework;
Information about organizations;
Information about exhibitions and other events;
Online stores of products, equipment and literature;
Online clubs for exchanging information, including product designs and know-how.
Current Internet resources do not cover the entire variety of handicrafts creativity, the information provided is far from complete. The resources of Great Britain seem to be the most developed, where traditional types of handicrafts and related businesses are widespread.
Thus, in Russia there are broad prospects for expanding and improving Internet resources for handicrafts and arts and crafts in general.
Publications on the topic:
Consultation “Use of didactic games to form preschoolers’ ideas about folk arts and crafts” There are no uncreative people, there are different types of creativity. Creative and, alas, destructive. Ethnic cultures are based on creative creativity.
Consultation “Use of modern computer technologies in music classes” Dear guests, we are pleased to welcome you to the methodological association of music directors. Theme of methodological unification: use.
“Introduction of modern educational and rehabilitation technologies in the Children’s Home” Early childhood is the foundation of a child’s overall development, the starting period of all human beginnings. It is in the early years that the foundations are laid.
Geocaching is one of the modern technologies of preschool education Everyone understands that the world does not stand still and new technical capabilities open up new forms of human activity. Here's the Internet. For someone.
IMG]/upload/blogs/detsad-331773-1427814987.jpg In my classes I use various pedagogical technologies that provide.
The use of modern pedagogical technologies in the educational space of preschool educational institutions Slide 2. The Federal State Educational Standard came into force on January 1, 2014 and approved the requirements for the structure of the Program, the conditions for the implementation of the Program and the results of development.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011 10:20 + to quote book
The article was written based on materials from the “Country of Masters” website (mostly).
Studying the recently discovered website “Country of Masters” and never ceasing to be surprised and admired by the variety of applied arts techniques and the talent of our people, I decided to systematize the techniques.
The list will be updated as new techniques are discovered.
*Techniques related to the use of paper:
1. Iris folding (“Rainbow folding”) is a paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but at the same time it allows you to easily make spectacular cards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) with interesting decorative elements.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/776
2. Paper plastic art is very similar to sculpture in terms of creativity. But, in paper plastic, all products inside are empty, all products are shells of the depicted object. And in sculpture, either the volume is increased with additional elements, or the excess is removed (cut off).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/462
3. Corrugated tubes - this is the name of a technique for making products in which tubes of corrugated paper are used to decorate surfaces or to create three-dimensional figures. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper onto a stick, pencil or knitting needle and then compressing it. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for design and use.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1492
4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word quil “bird feather”) - the art of paper rolling. Originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges onto the tip of a bird's feather, creating an imitation of a gold miniature.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/587
http://stranamasterov.ru/node/1364
4. Origami (from Japanese letters: “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding paper figures. The art of origami has its roots in ancient China, where paper was discovered.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/560
Kinds:
- Kirigami is a type of origami that allows the use of scissors and cutting paper in the process of making the model. This is the main difference between kirigami and other paper folding techniques, which is emphasized in the name: kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-up is a whole direction in art. This technique combines elements of techniques.
- Kirigami and Cutting and allows you to create three-dimensional designs and cards folded into a flat figure.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1723
- Kusudama (literally “medicine ball” in Japanese) is a paper model that is usually (but not always) formed by sewing together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized flowers folded from a square sheet of paper), so that the body is spherical forms. Alternatively, the individual components can be glued together (for example, the kusudama in the bottom photo is completely glued rather than sewn). Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached to the bottom.
The art of kusudama comes from an ancient Japanese tradition where kusudama was used for incense and a mixture of dried petals; perhaps these were the first real bouquets of flowers or herbs. The word itself is a combination of two Japanese words, kusuri (medicine) and tama (ball). Nowadays, kusudama are usually used for decoration or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, particularly as a precursor to modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up kusudama are sewn or glued, and not nested inside each other, as modular origami suggests.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/850
- Origami from circles - folding origami from a paper circle. Usually the folded pieces are then glued together into an applique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1636
- Modular origami - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - was invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. The friction force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/15
5. Papier-mâché (fr. papier-mâché “chewed paper”) - an easily moldable mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Plasters are made from papier-mâché , masks, teaching aids, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui, papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.
You can decorate a papier-mâché blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/561
7. Embossing (another name is “embossing”) - mechanical extrusion that creates images on paper, cardboard, polymer material or plastic, foil, on parchment (the technique is called “parchment”, see below), as well as on leather or birch bark, in which a relief image of a convex or concave stamp is obtained on the material itself, with or without heating, sometimes with the additional use of foil and paint. Embossing is carried out mainly on binding covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packaging, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: force, texture and thickness of the material, the direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1626
Kinds:
- Parchment - parchment paper (thick waxed tracing paper) is processed with an embossing tool and during processing it becomes convex and turns white. This technique produces interesting postcards, and this technique can also be used to design a scrappage page.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1705
- Texturing - applying an image using a cliché onto a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to imitate foil stamping. Also used to imitate the skin of certain breeds (for example, a cliché with a pattern imitating crocodile skin, etc.)
*Techniques related to weaving:
Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove a dwelling from long flexible branches (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, boxes, carts, scoops, baskets) and shoes. A man learned to braid his hair.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for use appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything you come across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers.... Weaving techniques such as wicker weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, knotted macrame weaving, bobbin weaving, bead weaving, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chainmail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines)...
As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave many beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/302
1. Beading, like beads themselves, has a centuries-old history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave beaded threads into necklaces, thread bracelets, and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century the real flourishing of bead production began. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Masters and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, wallets and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglass cases, as well as other elegant things with beads.
With the advent of beads in America, indigenous people began to use them instead of traditional Indian materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hair net, earrings, snuff boxes...
In the Far North, fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harnesses, leather sunglasses were decorated with bead embroidery...
Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets there are amazing items. Chalk brushes and covers, toothpick cases (!), inkwell, penpick and pencil, collar for your favorite dog, cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chessboards and much, much, much more.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1355
2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese handicraft. It was in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar was still preserved.
The ganuteli uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wrap the parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers turn out graceful and light.
In the 16th century, spiral wire made of gold or silver was called “canutiglia” in Italian, and “canutillo” in Spanish; in Russian, this word was probably transformed into “gimp”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1170
3. Macrame (from Arabic - braid, fringe, lace or from Turkish - scarf or napkin with fringe) - knot weaving technique.
The technique of this knot weaving has been known since ancient times. According to some sources, macrame came to Europe in the 8th-9th centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, and Ancient Greece.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/750
4. Weaving lace with bobbins. In Russia, the Vologda, Eletsky, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky fisheries are still known.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687
5. Tatting is a woven knotted lace. It is also called shuttle lace because this lace is woven using a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728
* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and image creation:
Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on any surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), primarily from lines and strokes.
For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...
Painting is a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images through the application of paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting are those made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Painting also includes images made with paints on decorative and ceremonial vessels , the surfaces of which can have a complex shape.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1218
1. Batik - hand-painted fabric using reserve compounds.
The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not allow paint to pass through - or, as artists say, “reserve” from coloring individual areas of fabric.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, knotted, free painting, free painting using saline solution, shibori.
Batik - batik is an Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian, the word “ba” means cotton fabric, and “-tik” means “dot” or “drop”. Ambatik - to draw, to cover with drops, to hatch.
Batik painting has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the twentieth century.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/916
2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the main material. The history of stained glass begins in ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions, panels made of colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass appeared.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/886
3. Blowing - a technique based on blowing paint through a tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern juice straws are no worse in use. They help to blow recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic designs from a small amount of liquid paint on a sheet of paper.
4. Guilloche - the technique of burning an openwork pattern onto fabric manually using a burning machine was developed and patented by Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilloche requires careful work. It must be made in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of the given composition.
Napkins, panels with appliqués, bookmarks, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more, whatever your imagination suggests, will decorate any home!
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1342
5. Grattage (from the French gratter - scrape, scratch) - scratching technique.
The drawing is highlighted by scratching with a pen or sharp instrument on paper or cardboard filled with ink (to prevent it from spreading, you need to add a little detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/686
6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way of creating an image from small elements. Assembling a jigsaw puzzle is very important for a child’s mental development.
Can be made from different materials: bottle caps, beads, buttons, plastic chips, wooden cuts of twigs or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small pebbles, shells, thermal mosaic, Tetris mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, grain, cereals, maple seeds, pasta, any natural material (scales of cones, pine needles, watermelon and melon seeds), pencil shavings, bird feathers, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/438
7. Monotype (from the Greek monos - one, united and tupos - imprint) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On a smooth glass surface or thick glossy paper (it should not allow water to pass through), a drawing is made using gouache paint or paints. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed to the surface. The resulting print is a mirror image.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/663
8. Thread graphics (isothread, thread image, thread design) - a graphic image made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isographics or embroidery on cardboard. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. The threads can be ordinary sewing, wool, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/452
9. Ornament (lat. ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements; intended for decorating various objects (utensils, tools and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both externally and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), among primitive peoples also the human body itself (coloring, tattoo). Associated with the surface that it decorates and visually organizes, the ornament, as a rule, reveals or accentuates the architectonics of the object on which it is applied. The ornament either operates with abstract forms or stylizes real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1222
10. Print.
Kinds:
- Printing with a sponge. Both a sea sponge and a regular one intended for washing dishes are suitable for this.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1094
Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables...
- Stamp (stamping). Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1068
11. Pointillism (French Pointillisme, literally “pointing”) is a style of writing in painting that uses pure paints that do not mix on the palette, applied in small strokes of a rectangular or round shape, counting on their optical mixing in the viewer’s eye, as opposed to mixing paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of additional colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - violet) gives significantly greater brightness than a mechanical mixture of pigments. Mixing of colors to form shades occurs at the stage of perception of the picture by the viewer from a long distance or in a reduced view.
The founder of the style was Georges Seurat.
Another name for pointillism is divisionism (from the Latin divisio - division, crushing).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/700
12. Drawing with palms. Small children find it difficult to use a paint brush. There is a very exciting activity that will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills, and give the opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is palm painting. By drawing with their palms, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1315
13. Drawing with leaf prints. Having collected various fallen leaves, smear each leaf with gouache from the vein side. The paper on which you are going to make a print can be colored or white. Press the colored side of the sheet onto a sheet of paper and carefully remove it, grasping it by the “tail” (petiole). This process can be repeated over and over again. And now, having completed the details, you already have a butterfly flying over the flower.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/667
14. Painting. One of the most ancient types of folk crafts, which for several centuries have been an integral part of everyday life and the original culture of the people. In Russian folk art there are a large number of varieties of this type of decorative and applied art.
Here are some of them:
- Zhostovo painting is an ancient Russian folk craft that arose at the beginning of the 19th century, in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. It is one of the most famous types of Russian folk painting. Zhostovo trays are painted by hand. Usually bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
- Gorodets painting is a Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. in the area of Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline, decorated spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
- Khokhloma painting is an ancient Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and also, occasionally, green) on a golden background. When painting, silver tin powder is applied to the wood. After this, the product is coated with a special composition and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, giving the light wooden utensils a massive effect. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are often found.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/301
15. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paint. Painting is done with melted paints (hence the name). A type of encaustic painting is wax tempera, characterized by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted using this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1485
*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and fabric use:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb “to sew”, i.e. something that is sewn or stitched.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136
2. Patchwork, Quilt, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts art with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of colorful fabrics or knitted elements in geometric shapes to join together in a blanket, blouse or bag.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1347
Kinds:
- Artichoke is a type of patchwork that got its name because of its resemblance to artichoke fruits. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.
By and large, in this technique it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, create (pasting) various panels of a round (or multifaceted) shape on a plane or in volume.
You can sew in two ways: direct the edge of the blanks to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with the tip towards the narrower part. The folded parts are not necessarily cut in the shape of squares. These can be rectangles or circles. In any case, we encounter the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the family of patchwork origami, and since they create volume, then, therefore, to the “3d” technique.
Example: http://stranamasterov.ru/node/137446?tid=1419
- Crazy quilt. I recently came across this type. In my opinion, this is a multi-method.
The bottom line is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:
3. Tsumami Kanzashi. The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.
The hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave its name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art. This technique was used to make decorations for combs and individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1724
* Techniques related to knitting:
What is knitting? This is the process of making products from continuous threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple tools by hand (a crochet hook, knitting needles).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/729
1. Knitting on a fork. An interesting way of crocheting using a special device - a fork curved in the shape of the letter U. The result is light, airy patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of manually making fabric or lace from threads using a crochet hook. creating not only dense, relief patterns, but also thin, openwork, reminiscent of lace fabric. Knitting patterns consist of different combinations of loops and stitches. The correct ratio is that the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/858
3. Simple (European) knitting allows you to combine several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1157
4. Tunisian long crochet (both one and several loops can be used at the same time to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are knitted on knitting needles from threads of several colors.
6. Loin knitting – imitates loin-guipure embroidery on a special mesh.
7. Guipure crochet (Irish or Brussels lace).
2. Sawing. One type is sawing with a jigsaw. By decorating your home and home with handmade products or children's toys that are convenient for everyday life, you experience joy from the appearance and pleasure from the process of creating them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1418
3. Carving is a type of decorative and applied art. It is one of the types of artistic woodworking along with sawing and turning.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113
* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Applique (from the Latin “attachment”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, seed beads, woolen threads, embossed metal plates, all kinds of material (velvet, satin, silk), dried leaves... This use of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive capabilities is very close to another means of representation - collage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/364
There are also:
- Application from plasticine - plasticineography - a new type of decorative and applied art. It represents the creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. At its core, this is a rarely seen, very expressive type of painting.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1243
- Application from “palms”. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/612
- Broken applique is one of the types of multifaceted applique techniques. Everything is simple and accessible, like laying out a mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, the material is a sheet of colored paper torn into pieces (several colors), the tool is glue and your hands. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1346
2. Assemblage (French assemblage) - a visual art technique related to collage, but using three-dimensional parts or entire objects, applicatively arranged on a plane like a picture. Allows for artistic additions with paints, as well as metal, wood, fabric and other structures. Sometimes applied to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, since the terminology of the latest visual art is not completely established.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1412
3. Paper tunnel. The original English name for this technique is tunnel book, which can be translated as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of the technique can be clearly seen from the English name tunnel - tunnel - through hole. The multi-layered nature of the “books” that are put together conveys the feeling of a tunnel well. A three-dimensional postcard appears. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types of techniques, such as scrapbooking, applique, cutting, creating layouts and voluminous books. It is somewhat akin to origami, because... is aimed at folding paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel dates back to the mid-18th century. and was the embodiment of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created to commemorate an event or are sold as souvenirs to tourists.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1411
4. Cutting is a very broad term.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/701
They are cut from paper, from foam plastic, from foam rubber, from birch bark, from plastic bottles, from soap, from plywood (though this is already called sawing), from fruits and vegetables, as well as from other various materials. Various tools are used: scissors, breadboard knives, scalpel. They cut out masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figurines and much more.
Kinds:
- Silhouette cutting is a cutting technique in which objects of an asymmetrical structure, with curved contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another, are cut out by eye. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive; they should be without small details and as if in motion. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1416
- The cutting is symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image, which must fit exactly into the plane of a sheet of paper folded in half, consistently complicating the outline of the figure in order to correctly convey the external features of objects in a stylized form in the appliqués.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/466
- Vytynanka - the art of cutting openwork patterns from colored, white or black paper has existed since paper was invented in China. And this type of cutting became known as jianzhi. This art has spread throughout the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/563
- Carving (see below).
5. Decoupage (from the French decoupage - noun, “that which is cut out”) is a technique of decoration, applique, decoration using cut out paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the 12th century. They began to decorate furniture in this way. And in addition to cut out pictures from thin colorful paper, they began to cover it with varnish to make it look like a painting! So, along with beautiful furniture, this equipment also came to Europe.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence another name - “napkin technique”. The application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, boxes, candles, vessels, musical instruments, flower pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, plaster - must be plain and light, because... the design cut out of the napkin should be clearly visible.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/722
6. Carving (from the English carvу - cut, carve, engrave, slice; carving - carving, carved work, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking is the simplest form of sculpture or engraving on the surface of products from vegetables and fruits, such short-lived decorations table.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1339
7. Collage is a creative genre when a work is created from a wide variety of cut out images pasted onto paper, canvas or digitally. Comes from fr. papier collée - glued paper. Very quickly this concept began to be used in an expanded meaning - a mixture of various elements, a bright and expressive message from scraps of other texts, fragments collected on one plane.
The collage can be completed with any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/324
8. Constructor (from Latin constructor “builder”) is a multi-valued term. For our profile, this is a set of mating parts. that is, parts or elements of some future layout, information about which was collected by the author, analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistically executed product.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). When different types of elements are combined, interesting designs for games and fun are created.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/984
9. Modeling - giving shape to a plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) using hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is intended for mastering the primary principles of this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/670
10. A layout is a copy of an object with a change in size (usually reduced), which is made while maintaining proportions. The layout must also convey the main features of the object.
To create this unique work, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). This can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden blocks, plaster and clay parts, wire.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1397
Type of layout - model - is a working layout that depicts (imitates) any significant features of the original. Moreover, attention is concentrated on certain aspects of the modeled object or, to an equal degree, its detail. The model is created to be used, for example, for visual-model teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school subjects, for a maritime or aviation club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salt dough, paper, foam plastic, foam rubber, matches, knitting threads, fabric...
Modeling is the creation of a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are those layouts that are in effect. And models that do not work, i.e. "strand" - usually called a layout.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1353
11. Soap making. Animal and vegetable fats and fat substitutes (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil) can be used as raw materials to obtain the main component of soap.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1631
12. Sculpture (Latin sculptura, from sculpo - I cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - a type of fine art, the works of which have a three-dimensional form and are made of hard or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Processing methods - modeling, carving, casting, forging, embossing, carving, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1399
13. Weaving - production of fabric and textiles from yarn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318
14. Felting (or felting, or felting) – felting wool. There is “wet” and “dry”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736
15. Flat embossing is one of the types of decorative and applied art, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief, drawing, inscription or round figured image, sometimes close to engraving, on a plate, a new work of art is created.
Processing of the material is carried out using a rod - a hammer, which stands vertically, the upper end of which is hit with a hammer. By moving the coin, a new shape gradually appears. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:
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