Museums of famous writers. Estates and estates of Russian writers

St. Petersburg houses are literally hung with memorial plaques “he lived here”, “he worked here”... The number of great people whose life and work are connected with St. Petersburg is countless. In this review, I suggest you visit the writers.

For greater effect, before going on a hike, I recommend refreshing your memory of something from the work of the chosen author, or even better, his biography. Then what you saw will come to life before your eyes and will not be forgotten immediately after visiting it, like the sight of a boring old apartment.

Visiting Dostoevsky

We'll start with Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. An important digression: the classic did not have his own house. Apparently, the writer’s passion for gambling, the writer’s irregular income, and the then widespread phenomenon of living in rented apartments made him a nomad. Dostoevsky and his family lived in so-called apartment buildings (80% of the development in the center of St. Petersburg are houses built for rent). Moreover, he always rented housing from the same owner and certainly close to the church. Fyodor Mikhailovich loved the ringing of bells. His last home and long-term refuge was an apartment in Kuznechny Lane, 5/2 (in the photo above - the building on the left). Use your imagination and imagine yourself at the beginning of the 19th century, as soon as you leave the Vladimirskaya or Dostoevskaya metro stations. Walk along the narrow alley past the Vladimir Cathedral on the left and the ancient Candle Market on the right (in the photo above there is a bright two-story building on the right), and literally in 50 meters you will find yourself at the desired house. They tried to preserve all the evidence of that time in the apartment; in the interior there are many original things that belonged to the writer. We wrote more about the museum-apartment writers. By the way, the term “Dostoevsky’s Petersburg” refers not so much to this area as to the Admiralteysky located next door. It was the houses near today’s Sadovaya/Sennaya/Spasskaya metro stations that inspired the writer to write “Crime and Punishment.” To look at the houses of Raskolnikov, Sonya, the old pawnbroker and other heroes, sign up for a thematic tour (click).

You can order a tour of Dostoevsky’s apartment by calling: 571 40 31. The cost for a group of up to 20 people is 800 rubles, plus 100 rubles per visitor for entry.

Nabokov settled down well

The Nabokov family, unlike many other writers, lived in their own three-story mansion at 47 Malaya Morskaya Street, a stone's throw from St. Isaac's Cathedral. Vladimir Nabokov was born into a rich family. His childhood home was equipped with the latest technology, and life was organized in the best possible way. Little Volodya had a lot of toys - their collection is displayed in the first room to the right of the entrance. (By the way, since you still went to the museums, then after Nabokov’s house go two more houses forward and visit the museum of original toys). Another collection is located in the central hall - this is an extensive collection of butterflies that Nabokov personally caught and described. Fans of Nabokov's work will be interested in the editions of the author's books on display - published both in Russia and in America. Pay attention to the very first of them - they were released under the pseudonym V. Sirin.

Do not under any circumstances miss the video room and watch the episode of the “Namedni” program, dedicated to Nabokov and partly to this house. The film will also show other homes of the author. In particular, a hotel in the Swiss resort town of Montreux, where Nabokov, already a wealthy writer, could afford to live in a luxury room for 17 years. Nabokov's apartment museum is the most modernly equipped of all and, perhaps, does not even require a guide. An interactive exhibition, an extensive media library and even a virtual tour on the website http://www.nabokovmuseum.org (sometimes does not work) will allow you to get maximum information.

Anna Andreevna suffered greatly from the regime

Apartment Anna Akhmatova in the Fountain House it is not quite rightly named. It was the apartment of Mr. Punin, whose sign adorns the front door, raising questions from visitors who do not yet know this story. And this story is sad. After the death of her first husband, Gumilyov, Anna connected her life with an enthusiastic admirer of her work and a person from the literary community - Nikolai Punin. Having parted with his wife for the sake of Anna, Punin did not find the strength to drive his old family out of the apartment where he had already brought Akhmatova. In these strange neighborly relationships, Akhmatova experienced many more sorrows associated with the political regime, whose persecution affected her and her son from her first marriage, as well as worries about the misfortunes of her friends.

Each of the apartment's halls will open one of these sad pages for you. For example, an authentic letter written by Akhmatova to Stalin in defense of her son. A separate stand is dedicated to the history of Anna’s friends - poets of the Silver Age, almost all of whom died dramatically. The house itself, by the way, is an extension of the Sheremetyev Palace, located on the banks of the Fontanka River. But the entrance to it is from Liteiny Prospekt, under the arch of house number 53 and then along the path to the right.

Let's move on to the Brodskys

As a branch of the museum in the Fountain House there are exhibitions “The Cabinet of Joseph Brodsky” and “The Museum of Lev Gumilyov”. So if you appreciate their creativity, then this museum is definitely for you.

By the way, do not confuse the Museum of A.I. Brodsky with the Museum of I.I. Brodsky (although you will also get a lot of pleasure from this artist’s apartment on Arts Square, 3 - there are paintings by Brodsky himself, as well as Repin, Kustodiev and other masters of Russian painting). Also, don't look for the A.I. Museum. Brodsky at Liteiny Prospekt, 24 (as it is erroneously indicated in many sources). Yes, in the legendary house of Muruzi Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky actually lived for more than twenty years before leaving Russia (other poets of the Silver Age also lived - Merezhkovsky and Gippius, and besides, the “House of Poets” was located), but due to problems with the resettlement of residents, the museum project was never implemented there.

Blok is the second “our everything” after Pushkin

The first museum of Silver Age poetry in St. Petersburg is an apartment museum Alexander Alexandrovich Blok on Dekabristov Street, 57. This museum is “Two in One”: a memorial apartment with original furnishings and a literary exhibition telling about the life and work of the poet. The first part may seem boring and not rich enough to you (and Blok really lived quite poorly), but it captivates with the authenticity of the elements, including ancient family icons. The second part, if carefully studied, will take at least half an hour.

The museum is located in a unique area of ​​the city, which before the 1917 revolution was called St. Petersburg Kolomna. Kolomna is one of the largest artistic centers of the city, where the most important were located: the Bolshoi, or Kamenny, circus theater, the Mariinsky Theater, the V.F. Drama Theater. Komissarzhevskaya and many others. Therefore, if you are curious, consider visiting A.A.'s apartment. Blok with a more thorough walk around the city in the company of an art critic.

Nikolai Nekrasov is always modern

Going to visit Nekrasov (Liteiny Prospekt, 36) is tantamount to visiting the editorial office of the legendary Sovremennik magazine. For twenty years Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was its editor-in-chief, performing a tremendous amount of work, which you can appreciate in the first hall of the museum. The bookcases in the “reception”, filled with, at first glance, substantial volumes, actually contain issues of Sovremennik. The magazine-book was published monthly and published the best writers of that time - L. Tolstoy, I. Goncharov, F. Dostoevsky, etc., and for many it was the runway of their writing career. How Nekrasov managed to write his own works in poetry and prose remains a mystery. However, he was fantastically efficient. Arriving in St. Petersburg as a 16-year-old boy, he was not immediately able to enter the university. He worked hard, ate poorly, but gained a foothold and achieved everything on his own.

The 600 square meters of the apartment are “three in one”: Nekrasov’s apartment, the Sovremennik editorial office and the apartment of the publisher Panaev, who lived next to the writer for 5 years. After his departure, Nekrasov bought his premises, and earlier, after Panaev’s separation from his wife, he connected his life with this woman. Of course, it’s better to hear about this from the lips of a guide, whose services must be ordered in advance by calling 272-01-65 (150 rubles per person, group of 15 people). Otherwise, for your 100 rubles you will only have to look at stuffed animals (Nekrasov was a passionate hunter) and portraits of strangers.

However, if you fail to assemble a group, find an approach to the rangers - they know no less than the guides.

Pushkin. Just Pushkin

And finally, about the most popular apartment in St. Petersburg - the museum apartment Pushkin. “Our everything” Alexander Sergeevich lived in house number 12 on the Moika embankment (pictured) for his last years and it was from here that he went beyond the Chernaya River to a duel with Dantes.

We won’t talk about the exhibition; our wonderful full-time guides will do it for us, whose services you will still pay for or take an audio guide. Although we recommend reading our material about. Free attendance is not provided. On weekends and holidays, the queue at the museum can be very long. And if you didn’t make it to the next excursion, then take a ticket for the available time and go during the break to another interesting apartment located nearby - Zoshchenko’s.

Reread Zoshchenko

So, bonus - apartment Mikhail Zoshchenko. Here it is worth telling in more detail how to find it. Personally, I only did it on the third try. The address is Malaya Konyushennaya, 4/2, hidden on the side of Cheboksary Lane, the entrance is in the courtyard, and at the entrance you still need to call and report that you are visiting Zoshchenko. Then follow to the third floor.

In one of the Soviet newspapers this house was once depicted hung with memorial plaques. The fact is that Zoshchenko lived in the so-called “writer’s house”, where other Soviet writers lived besides him. Therefore, in 2007, the museum turned into the “State Literary Museum “XX Century”. Well, the memorial plaques never appeared. Therefore, we search along the designated landmarks and enjoy the authentic collection of the writer’s things. Unlike all previous museums, reconstructed and collected from things handed over by contemporaries, the Zoshchenko Museum has preserved everything in its original form. Entrance costs a symbolic 40 rubles, and a tour for a group of up to 15 people costs 200 rubles for everyone.

Marina Peshekhonova, especially for the site

Villas of that time of great Russian writers

Today, June 10, 2015, the Leo Tolstoy Museum-Estate “Yasnaya Polyana” turns 94 years old. Today we decided to remember and tell you about the estates and estates of great Russian writers.

Museum-Estate of L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana"

The foundations of the museum were laid by L. N. Tolstoy’s wife, Sofya Andreevna, who carefully preserved not only the writer’s belongings, but also the furnishings of the entire Yasnaya Polyana house.

She brought into the system the letters stored in the estate and provided assistance to researchers working on the biography of Tolstoy. His daughters Tatyana and Alexandra took a great part in the life of the estate in the first two decades after the death of Lev Nikolaevich, and the first guide to Yasnaya Polyana was written by the writer’s eldest son Sergei seven years before the official opening of the museum.

Basics of Yasnaya Polyana
mortgaged by L. N. Tolstoy’s wife Sofya Andreevna

House of Leo Tolstoy

In 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a special resolution, according to which local authorities were obliged to protect the estate “with all the historical memories that are associated with it.” The right to lifelong use of the estate was assigned to Sofia Andreevna.

In 1928, Yasnaya Polyana
has already received 8 thousand visitors

And two years later, on June 10, 1921, the government adopted a resolution according to which Yasnaya Polyana was declared a state museum-reserve. From now on, all estate plantings and buildings, including the interiors of Tolstoy’s House, were to be preserved intact. The “commissioner-keeper of the museum” was supposed to be responsible for this; The writer's youngest daughter, Alexandra Lvovna, was appointed to this post.

Museum-reserve of I. S. Turgenev “Spasskoye-Lutovinovo”

The fate of Turgenev's estate after the writer's death was dramatic. Books, portraits, manuscripts, family valuables and memorable relics were distributed to the heirs. Much has disappeared forever. Turgenev's empty house was destroyed by fire in 1906.

Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, estate of Ivan Turgenev

It was only thanks to the foresight of the new owners, the Galakhovs, that the ancient library and memorial items were removed in advance and mostly preserved. During the years of the civil war and unrest, the estate turned out to be ownerless and poorly guarded.

The remaining premises fell into disrepair and were plundered. Some buildings were dismantled. Over the course of a number of years, Turgenev's estate was rented out - first to private individuals, later to agricultural artels, a state farm and a local school. The pearl of the estate - Turgenev Park - has gone wild and has suffered greatly from logging.

The pre-revolutionary provincial museum, which nominally took care of the estate, despite the attempts of its head P. S. Tkachevsky, turned out to be powerless to stop the process of its desolation.

A turning point was the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Turgenev’s birth in 1918. In Orel, in the Galakhov house nationalized for this purpose, a library-museum named after I. S. Turgenev was opened, which subsequently had a beneficial effect on the position of Spassky-Lutovinov.

The surviving part of Turgenev's property - books, furniture, manuscripts, memorial items - were declared national property.

In 1918, the surviving Turgenev property
declared national property

In 1976, the house of I. S. Turgenev was restored in Spassky-Lutovinovo. The original items have been returned here. The interiors have been revived. In September 1976, the memorial exhibition was opened to visitors. On August 28, 1987, by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation No. 351, it was given the status of a State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve.

"Tarkhany" - Lermontov Museum-Reserve

Tarkhany (now the village of Lermontovo) is the former estate of M. Yu. Lermontov’s grandmother, where the great poet spent his childhood and adolescence.

Tarkhany

Here he spent half of his short 26-year life. His ashes rest here, and in the family chapel-burial vault there is not only the grave of M. Yu. Lermontov, here is the grave of his mother, grandfather and grandmother. Next to the chapel is the grave of the poet's father, Yuri Petrovich Lermontov.

Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
is a monument of federal significance

Barsky Pond

The picturesque estate with ponds, gardens, parks, centuries-old linden and elm trees preserves the memory of the time when the poet lived there.

In the Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
life of the first half of the 19th century was recreated.

The main manor house in Melikhovo.

Melikhovo is one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia, which is located in the vicinity of the city of Chekhov, Moscow region. Here from 1892 to 1899 the writer lived with his parents and close relatives. Before leaving for Crimea, Chekhov sold this estate, and after the revolution it fell into disrepair.

The decision to create the museum as a branch of the Serpukhov Museum of Local Lore was made in 1939. In 1941, the museum opened to visitors, and Pyotr Nikolaevich Solovyov became its first director. The writer’s sister, M. P. Chekhov, and his nephew S. M. Chekhov took an active part in recreating the furnishings of Chekhov’s house.

Collection of the Chekhov Museum in Melikhovo
has more than 20 thousand exhibits

Actors perform a story from Chekhov on the veranda of his house
at Melikhovo, June 2011

Melikhovo is a venue for concerts, theater and music festivals, exhibitions, and Christmas trees. Its most interesting section is the creative heritage of artists from the Chekhov family.

The collection of photographs stored in the museum-reserve is the history of the life of the Melikhovo house, this is a genuine gallery of portraits of A.P. Chekhov and people close to the writer in his literary, theatrical and social activities

In 1951, one of the first monuments to a writer in the USSR was erected on the territory of the museum (sculptor G. I. Motovilov, architect L. M. Polyakov)

Memorial Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”

Full name - State Memorial Historical, Literary and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye”. The total area of ​​the reserve is 9800 hectares.

Manor house in Mikhailovskoye

In 1899, on the centenary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, Mikhailovskoye was purchased from the poet’s heirs into state ownership. In 1911, a colony for elderly writers and a museum in memory of A.S. Pushkin were opened in the estate. Almost 20 years later, the Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye estates were looted and burned.

On March 17, 1922, on the basis of a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye estates and the grave of A.S. Pushkin in the Svyatogorsk Monastery were declared protected. By 1937 (the centenary of the death of A.S. Pushkin), the poet’s house-museum in Mikhailovsky, as well as some other buildings, were restored.

During the Second World War, Mikhailovskoye was badly damaged.
It was restored by 1949.

Since 2013, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoye” received the status “A noteworthy place associated with the life and work of A. S. Pushkin in the village of Mikhailovskoye and its environs in the Pushkinogorsky district of the Pskov region.”

Mikhailovskoye is the family estate of the Hannibals in the Pskov region. In 1742, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna granted the “Blackamoor of Peter the Great,” Pushkin’s great-grandfather, Abram Mikhailovich Hannibal, possession of 41 villages on 5,000 acres of land. At that time, these lands were called Mikhailovskaya Bay. In 1781, after the death of the Arab, the lands were divided between his three sons. Osip Abramovich Hannibal, the poet’s grandfather, took possession of the village of Mikhailovskoye. He built a manor house in it, laid out a park with curtains, alleys and flower beds. In 1806, Mikhailovskoye passed to Maria Alekseevna Gannibal, Pushkin’s grandmother. From 1816 to 1836, the estate was owned by the poet’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna Pushkina.

The young poet first visited here in the summer of 1817 and, as he himself wrote, was fascinated by “rural life, the Russian bathhouse, strawberries, etc., but I didn’t like all this for long.” The next time Pushkin visits Mikhailovskoye is in 1819. And from August 1824 to September 1826, Pushkin was here in exile.

In 1824, police in Moscow opened a letter from Pushkin, where he wrote about his passion for “atheistic teachings.” This was the reason for the poet’s resignation from service on July 8, 1824. He was exiled to his mother's estate. Despite the difficult experiences, the first Mikhailovsky autumn was fruitful for the poet; he read, thought, and worked a lot.

Pushkin completes the poems “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet”, “To the Sea”, and the poem “Gypsies”, which he began in Odessa. In the fall of 1824, he resumed work on autobiographical notes, pondered the plot of the folk drama "Boris Godunov", and wrote a comic poem "Count Nulin". In total, the poet created about a hundred works in Mikhailovsky.

In subsequent years, the poet periodically came here to take a break from city life. So, in 1827, Pushkin began the novel “Arap of Peter the Great” here. In 1835, in Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin continued to work on “Scenes from the Times of Knights”, “Egyptian Nights”, and created the poem “I Visited Again”.

In the spring of 1836, Nadezhda Osipovna died after a serious illness. The estate became the property of Pushkin. And after the poet’s death it began to belong to his children.

The turbulent 20th century did not spare Mikhailovsky. In February 1918, Mikhailovskoye and neighboring estates were burned. On March 17, 1922, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye and Pushkin's grave were declared protected areas. Buildings were restored on old foundations based on archival documents, paintings and lithographs. During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was occupied by the Germans. The manor buildings were burned again. After the war, restoration of the estate began. Now there is the Memorial Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin.

The first literary museums arose as memorial ones. Personal belongings, buildings, interior decoration, furnishings have an amazing property - when telling about people who lived, they convey the flavor of the past. Therefore, descendants sought to preserve the writer’s house, office, manuscripts, books, and household items unchanged. Any item entering a museum loses its properties as an everyday item and is stored as a witness to history.

Modern literary museums also act as research institutions, collecting bits and pieces of information and objects, preparing exhibitions related to the life and work of writers and poets. In addition, literary museums organize lectures and arrange meetings for visitors with prominent figures of literature and art.

Based on the nature of their activities, literary museums are divided into historical-literary and literary-memorial. Historical-literary studies collect and analyze materials that reveal the development of literature from a historical perspective, and study the theory of literature. In Russia, these are the State Literary Museum in Moscow - GLM and the Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature in St. Petersburg - Pushkin House. Historical research is conducted here, scientific sessions and conferences are held. The results of scientific research are published in collections, individual works, catalogs, descriptions of manuscripts and personal libraries of writers (for example, the Yearbook of the manuscript department of the Pushkin House). In addition, there are complex museums dedicated to both literature and art, for example, the Museum of Armenian Literature and Art in Yerevan, the Museum of Azerbaijani Literature and Art. Nizami in Baku, etc.
Literary memorial museums include memorial complexes - buildings, apartments, estates, personal belongings of writers, as well as manuscripts, autographs, documents, lifetime publications - and a literary exhibition telling about the life and creative path of the writer. In addition to memorial objects, the exhibitions use visual materials - photographs, paintings, engravings. The Lermontov Museum in Tarkhany, the Chekhov Museums in Moscow, Taganrog, Melikhovo in the Moscow Region and Yalta were built according to this principle. Museums also make copies of objects located in other repositories and acquire things characteristic of a particular era. Together with the originals, such objects make up museum funds, using which museum workers try to reconstruct living conditions and to reproduce the atmosphere in which the writer lived and worked.

There is another direction in the literary and museum business - museums of literary heroes. These are the Sherlock Holmes Museum on Baker Street, the Madame Bovary Museum in France, etc. In our country, at the Vyra station, the Museum of the stationmaster Vyrin from Pushkin’s Belkin's stories– the Yamsky yard with all the buildings was restored, in the caretaker’s room there are household items from the early 19th century.

Increasingly, literary museums are adding the phrase “cultural center” to their name. And, as centers of culture, they promote the activities of literary associations, poetry circles, organize literary and musical concerts, poetry evenings and presentations of new books within their walls.

The desire to perpetuate the memory of beloved writers and open museums dedicated to them first appeared in the 19th century. In Great Britain it was associated with the names of Walter Scott and William Shakespeare. In Russia the idea of ​​creation. The literary museum first began to be discussed in 1837 after the tragic death of A.S. Pushkin. However, only in 1879 was a library opened at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, transformed in 1889 into the Pushkin Museum, and in 1908 the Pushkin Museum was opened in the village. Mikhailovsky.

Museums dedicated to A.S. Pushkin

The most extensive network of historical and memorial literary museums in Russia is dedicated to Pushkin. The main memorial sites associated with his name are the Pushkin Museum in St. Petersburg, the Mikhailovsky Museum-Reserve and the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.

On the basis of the anniversary Pushkin exhibition of 1937, opened in Moscow on the premises of the Historical Museum, the Pushkin Literary Museum in St. Petersburg was founded in 1938. In 1949–1951 it was located in the Alexander Palace in Pushkin. In 1951–1963 - in the Hermitage, where its exhibition occupied 17 halls. Historical documents, memorial items, household items from the Pushkin era, editions of the poet’s works, and works of 19th-century masters were presented. A new museum exposition was opened in 1967 next to the Lyceum in 27 halls of the former Church wing of the Catherine Palace in Pushkin.

Naryshkin Chambers of the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery

(Petrovka St. 28). The GLM exposition is displayed here Spiritual quests of Russian writers.
Cm. Naryshkin chambers

House-Museum of S.T. Aksakov

In the memorial House-Museum of S.T. Aksakov, (Sivtsev Vrazhek lane, 30a) there is an exhibition of the GLM Almanac of Literary Life 1840–1989.

House-Museum of V.Ya.Bryusov

The Bryusov House Museum (Mira Ave., 30) houses the GLM exhibition Russian Literature of the Silver Age.
Cm. House-museum of V.Ya. Bryusov in Moscow

House of I.S. Ostroukhov

(Trubnikovsky lane 17). Here is the exhibition of the GLM Russian Literature of the 20th Century.
Cm. Ostroukhov's House

House-Museum of A.I. Herzen

(Sivtsev Vrazhek, 27). Here, from 1843 to 1846, before leaving abroad, A.I. Herzen lived with his family.
Cm. House-Museum of A.I. Herzen

(Dostoevsky St., 2). Here, in a government apartment at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, Dostoevsky was born in 1821.
Cm. Museum-apartment of F.M. Dostoevsky

House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov

(Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya st., 6). A.P. Chekhov lived in this brick two-story mansion from 1886 to 1890.
Cm. House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov

Memorial office of A.V. Lunacharsky

(Money Lane 9). The People's Commissar of Education of the first Soviet government lived here in 1924–1933.

Museum-apartment of A.N. Tolstoy

(Spiridonovka St. 2) is the writer’s creative laboratory, reflecting his diverse interests and hobbies. The collection of female portraits 16–20 is adjacent to eastern temple incense burners, the Pinocchio doll and the Frog Princess are adjacent to battle paintings and a portrait of Peter I.

House-Museum of B.L. Pasternak in Peredelkino

B. Pasternak lived in this house from 1939 until the end of his life in 1960.
Cm. House-Museum of B.L. Pasternak in Peredelkino

House-Museum of K.I. Chukovsky in Peredelkino,

in which he lived from 1939 until the end of his life in 1969. At first it was an unofficial, home museum, and only in 1994 it became part of the State Museum of Art.

in Khamovniki (Lva Tolstoy, 21) - the original estate of the writer.
Cm. Museum-Estate of Leo Tolstoy in Moscow

Leo Tolstoy Museum in Yasnaya Polyana

(Tula region). Here L.N. Tolstoy was born and lived for over 50 years.

(M. Nikitskaya 6/2) - a branch of the Gorky Museum at the Institute of World Literature on Povarskaya.
Gorky museums are also open in his homeland in Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan.
Cm. Museum-apartment of M. Gorky in Moscow

Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky in Moscow

is currently located in Lubyansky Proezd 3/6, in the apartment where the poet committed suicide. Previously, the Mayakovsky Museum was opened in a memorial apartment in the former Gendrikov lane, now lane. Mayakovsky, where the poet lived in 1926–1930 with his friends L. and O. Brik.
Cm. Mayakovsky Museum in Moscow

Museum of S.A. Yesenin in Moscow

(B. Strochenovsky lane, 24, building 2) is located in a two-story wooden house where Yesenin lived in 1911–1918.
Cm. Museum of S.A. Yesenin in Moscow

Museum-apartment of M.I. Tsvetaeva in Moscow

in Borisoglebsky lane. - the house where she lived for 8 years before leaving abroad.

GLM also oversees several house-museums in the Moscow region - the Prishvin House-Museum in the village of Dudino, Odintsovo district, and two house-museums in the writers' village of Peredelkino.

St. Petersburg museums.

Since its founding, St. Petersburg has played a significant role in the literary life of Russia. Pushkin's Petersburg (the area of ​​the Moika, the Winter Palace and St. Isaac's Square with the Bronze Horseman, the Petersburg of Dostoevsky (the area of ​​​​Sennaya Square and the Griboyedov Canal), Gogol, and in the 20th century - the Petersburg of Akhmatova and Daniil Kharms. The city on the Neva carefully preserves the signs and symbols of these cultural layers, you can travel through them endlessly.

Museum-apartment of F.M. Dostoevsky

in St. Petersburg (Kuznechny lane, 5, apt. 10) opened in 1971.
Cm. Museum-apartment of F.M. Dostoevsky

Museum-apartment of N.A. Nekrasov

in St. Petersburg on Liteiny, where he had been renting an apartment for the last 20 years. The editorial offices of the magazines “Sovremennik” and “Otechestvennye zapiski” were also located here. The exhibition tells about the life and work of the poet, his editorial activities. The museum has an extensive collection of the poet's personal belongings.

Pushkin House

– Literary Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Makarova embankment, 4).

Museum-apartment of A.A. Blok

in St. Petersburg (Dekabristov, 57). The last 9 years of Blok’s life and work are connected with the house on the former Ofitserskaya.

A.A. Blok Museum-Reserve in Shakhmatovo.

The house was rebuilt according to surviving documents. Opened in 1984, the process of accumulating funds is actively underway. The exhibition contains authentic personal belongings of the Beketov family, a large number of photographs, visual materials, lifetime publications, letters, manuscripts and autographs.

(Sheremetevsky Palace, Fontanka, 34). Opened in 1989 in the southern wing of the Sheremetev Palace in the 18th century. Akhmatova and her husband N.N. Punin lived here from the mid-20s until 1952.
Cm. House-Museum of A.A. Akhmatova – Fountain House

Nabokov Museum

in St. Petersburg (B. Morskaya, 27). Vladimir Nabokov was born in this house, and the first 18 years of his life passed here. The museum opened in 1993. It mainly displays photographs, part of the collection of butterflies collected by Nabokov and donated by Harvard University, and some personal items. Exhibitions and concerts are held.

House-estate of V.V. Nabokov in the village. Rozhdestveno.

For a long time, the literary and historical museum, opened in the former Nabokov estate near St. Petersburg, did not have a single authentic item. But luck smiled - a local resident brought the employees an album of family photographs of the Nabokovs found in the attic.

Museum of M.M. Zoshchenko

in St. Petersburg (M. Konyushennaya, 4/2, apt. 119) The memorial office of Mikhail Zoshchenko has been restored in a small apartment. Household items, books and manuscripts of the writer are on display.

near Vsevolozhsk - known as the Olenin estate.
Cm. Literary and Art Museum in Priyutino

Crimean literary museums.

Crimean literary addresses include the Chekhov House-Museum in Yalta and its branch in Gurzuf, the Pushkin Museum in Gurzuf, and the Tsvetaev Sisters Museum in Feodosia.

- a monument of the Silver Age. It was built by Voloshin and his mother over 10 years.
Cm. House-Museum of M.A. Voloshin in Koktebel

Literary and Memorial Museum of Alexander Green

(Feodosia, Gallery, 10) - he lived in this modest one-story whitewashed house from 1924 to 1928.

The creation of new literary museums is a continuous process. In Peredelkino in 1999, the Okudzhava Museum was opened in the house where he lived in recent years. In the Moscow region in Shakhmatovo, on the basis of surviving documents, the house of Alexander Blok was rebuilt in every detail.

There is no Gogol Museum in Russia. In his homeland in Ukraine, in the village of Vasilyevka near Poltava, through the efforts of the literary critic Zolotussky, the only museum of the writer was opened. In Russia, only in the library named after. Gogol in Moscow on Nikitsky Boulevard - in the house where Gogol burned the 2nd volume of the novel Dead Souls and soon died, there is a small exhibition.

In Moscow in 2007, Russia's first M. A. Bulgakov Museum was opened in the Patriarch's Ponds area at the address where, according to the novel, Woland lived, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 10, apt. 50. The museum was created on the basis of collections donated to Moscow, consisting of furniture and things from the writer’s last apartment in Nashchokinsky Lane.

There is also a Bulgakov museum in Kyiv on Andreevsky Spusk, where the Turbin family allegedly lived. This is a museum of both Bulgakov and his heroes.

The Vysotsky Center-Museum was opened in Moscow on Taganka. The museum contains documents, photographs, audio and video recordings. The museum operates in permanent exhibition mode.

In addition to those listed above, the largest literary museums in the capital include the museums of Leo Tolstoy, Gorky and Mayakovsky, which have their own branches in other cities and villages associated with the biographies of writers.

Foreign literary museums.

Among foreign literary museums, the Schiller museums are widely known - in Leipzig, Dresden and Weimar, Goethe - in Weimar, Düsseldorf (Germany). The Hemingway Museum in Cuba, in the suburbs of Havana, is very popular. In the USA, museums have been opened for Hemingway - in Key West and Oak Park, where he was born, as well as Edgar Allan Poe - in New York, Baltimore, Richmond, Philadelphia; Emily Dickinson - in Amherst, Eugene O'Neill - in Wethersfield and Danville, Harriet Beecher Stowe - in Hartford and Cincinnati, Melville - in Arrowhead, Jack London in Oakland, John Steinbeck - in Pacific Grove and Salinas, Longfellow - in Cambridge and Wordsworth and Longfellow - in Portland, Massachusetts; Mark Twain - in Stoutsville, Hanniball and Hartford, O. Henry - in San Antonio and Austin, Robert Louis Stevenson - in Monterey, Sarah Lake and St. Helena, California; Sinclair Lewis - in Sauk Center , Minnesota, Walt Whitman - in Camden and New York, Scott Fitzgerald in Montgomery, etc.

In the UK, tourist routes to literary places are popular. For example, you can go to places associated with the life and work of Dickens, Jane Austen and Shakespeare. Certain areas and cities of England are closely connected with life or are the setting for the works of certain writers.

In London, this is the restored Globe - Shakespeare's theater of the 16th century; Covent Garden is the setting for the works of not only Dickens, but also Bernard Shaw; Dickens' house in Bloomsbury, where Oliver Twist and The Pickwick Papers were written. The Museum of the literary hero, Sherlock Holmes, is open at 221b Baker Street. The county of Winchester-Wessex is associated with the name of Jane Austen. This is her home in Chawton, her grave in Winchester and Bath, the place where she stayed for a long time. In Bath there is also a museum of Dickens, who lived here for a long time. Kent and east Sussex - the setting of Virginia Woolf and Henry James, as well as the setting of Conan Doyle's novels - his grave is in Minstead. Dartmoor and the coast (Devon) is associated with events in the detective and mystery stories of Daphne de Murier, Agatha Christie (her home in Torquay is also located here) and the place where the events of Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles took place. Bristol is the city where Stevenson first “saw” Long John Silver. And in Swansea, near Cardiff, you can visit the center of the Welshman Dylan Thomas. and Simone de Beauvoir. They spent a lot of time in the cafe. The habit of working in cafes is typically Parisian; at one time, young Ilya Ehrenburg also contracted it here. In Paris, the name of George Sand is associated with the Museum of Romantic Life at 16 Rue Chaptal, where original objects and manuscripts of the writer are stored. Here her neighbor was Father Dumas, who organized noisy festivities. Nearby, in Schaeffer’s salon, “the whole of Paris” gathered weekly, including Turgenev, Ingres, Liszt, Rossini, Renan.

The work of Victor Hugo is reflected in a museum in Paris on the Place des Vosges, a house-museum in the suburb of Villecker on the right bank of the Seine and a museum on the Norman island of Guernsey in the English Channel, where the novel was written Les Miserables. The George Sand Museum-Estate in Nohant is widely known, where Liszt, Chopin, Balzac, Flaubert, Delacroix, Dumas came to visit her, as well as the Algiers Museum, where the writer lived in 1858. Ronsard lived in the castle of the city of Medan in Hamarøy, where he spent his childhood, Andersen-Nexe Museum in Copenhagen, etc.
Among the Nobel laureates in literature in the 20th century. There are many authors from Asia, Africa and Latin America. At the same time, as a rule, in the cultures of these countries, the assessment of the role of the work of national writers in the cultural heritage of the country has not yet been completed, and therefore museums dedicated to the work of individual authors are rare.

Thus, in China, a country of ancient culture, famous for its many literary monuments, the 2000 Nobel laureate, writer Gao Xingjiang, who lives in France, is better known in Europe than in his homeland. In Japan, the country that gave the world in the 19th and 20th centuries. galaxy of significant literary names, the most popular is the Yukio Mishima Museum in Bungaku near Kyoto. The writer died in 1970, and his popularity, including in Europe and America, was significantly influenced by the last “gesture” - hara-kiri, made publicly, in front of a movie camera.

The emergence of literary museums in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America directly depends on how important a role literature and writers are willing to play in their cultural life.

Literary museums continue to play an important and noble role in society - they preserve the memory and tell about the life and work of the best representatives of world and national literature, passing the baton of spiritual heritage to future generations.