Message about Bunin summary. Brief information about Bunin
Ivan Bunin was born into a poor noble family on October 10 (22), 1870. Then, in Bunin’s biography, he moved to an estate in the Oryol province near the city of Yelets. Bunin spent his childhood in this very place, among the natural beauty of the fields.
Bunin's primary education was received at home. Then, in 1881, the young poet entered the Yelets gymnasium. However, without finishing it, he returned home in 1886. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin received further education thanks to his older brother Yuli, who graduated from the university with honors.
Literary activity
Bunin's poems were first published in 1888. The following year, Bunin moved to Orel, starting to work as a proofreader in a local newspaper. Bunin's poetry, collected in a collection called "Poems", became the first book published. Soon Bunin's work gained fame. Bunin's following poems were published in the collections “Under the Open Air” (1898), “Leaf Fall” (1901).
Meeting the greatest writers (Gorky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, etc.) leaves a significant imprint on Bunin’s life and work. Bunin's stories "Antonov Apples" and "Pines" are published.
The writer in 1909 became an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Bunin reacted rather harshly to the ideas of the revolution, and left Russia forever.
Life in exile and death
The biography of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin almost entirely consists of moves and travels (Europe, Asia, Africa). In exile, Bunin actively continued to engage in literary activities, writing his best works: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1925), as well as the main novel in the writer’s life, “The Life of Arsenyev” (1927-1929, 1933), which brought Bunin the Nobel Prize in 1933. In 1944, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story “Clean Monday”.
Before his death, the writer was often ill, but at the same time he did not stop working and creating. In the last few months of his life, Bunin was busy working on a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov, but the work remained unfinished
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953. He was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois cemetery in Paris.
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Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator.
Born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a well-born but impoverished noble family. Bunin spent his childhood partly in Voronezh, partly on an ancestral estate near Yelets (now in the Lipetsk region).
Absorbing traditions and songs from his parents and courtyard servants, he early discovered artistic abilities and rare impressionability. Having entered the Yelets gymnasium in 1881, Bunin was forced to leave it in 1886: there was not enough money to pay for training. The course at the gymnasium, and partly at the university, was completed at home under the guidance of his older brother, member of the People’s Will, Yuli.
Bunin published his first collection of poems in 1891, and five years later he published a translation of the poem by the American romantic poet G. Longfellow “The Song of Hiawatha,” which, together with the later collection of poems “Falling Leaves” (1901), brought him 1903 Pushkin Prize of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
In 1909, Bunin received the second Pushkin Prize and was elected an honorary academician. At the end of the 19th century. He increasingly comes forward with stories, at first similar to picturesque sketches. Gradually, Bunin became more and more noticeable both as a poet and as a prose writer.
Wide recognition came to him with the publication of the story “The Village” (1910), which shows rural life of the writer’s time. The destruction of patriarchal life and ancient foundations is depicted in the work with a harshness that was rare at that time. The end of the story, where the wedding is described as a funeral, takes on a symbolic meaning. Following “The Village”, based on family legends, the story “Sukhodol” (1911) was written. Here the degeneration of the Russian nobility is depicted with majestic gloom.
The writer himself lived with a premonition of an impending catastrophe. He felt the inevitability of a new historical turning point. This feeling is noticeable in the stories of the 10s. "John the Weeper" (1913), "The Grammar of Love", "The Master from San Francisco" (both 1915), "Easy Breathing" (1916), "Chang's Dreams" (1918).
Bunin met the revolutionary events with extreme hostility, documenting the “bloody madness” in his diary, later published in exile under the title “Cursed Days” (1918, published in 1925).
In January 1920, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the writer from Odessa sailed to Constantinople. From then on, Bunin lived in France, mainly in Paris and Grasse. In emigration they spoke of him as the first among modern Russian writers.
The story “Mitya's Love” (1925), the books of stories “Sunstroke” (1927) and “The Tree of God” (1931) were perceived by contemporaries as living classics. In the 30s short stories began to appear, where Bunin showed an exceptional ability to compress enormous material into one or two pages, or even several lines.
In 1930, a novel with an obvious autobiographical “lining” - “The Life of Arsenyev” - was published in Paris. In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. This is an event behind which, essentially, stood the fact of recognition of the literature of emigration.
During the Second World War, Bunin lived in Grasse, avidly followed military events, lived in poverty, hid Jews from the Gestapo in his house, and rejoiced at the victories of the Soviet troops. At this time, he wrote stories about love (included in the book “Dark Alleys”, 1943), which he himself considered the best of all that he had created.
The writer’s post-war “warmth” towards Soviet power was short-lived, but it managed to quarrel with many long-time friends. Bunin spent his last years in poverty, working on a book about his literary teacher A.P. Chekhov.
In October 1953, Ivan Alekseevich’s health condition deteriorated sharply, and on November 8 the writer died. The cause of death, according to Dr. V. Zernov, who observed the patient in recent weeks, was cardiac asthma and pulmonary sclerosis. Bunin was buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. The monument on the grave was made according to a drawing by the artist Alexandre Benois.
In this article we will briefly tell you about the biography of the great writer.
The famous Russian writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 10, 1870 in Voronezh, where his parents moved three years before his birth.
The reason for the family’s change of residence was the studies of the older brothers, Yuli and Evgeniy. But as soon as the capable and gifted Yuli graduated from the gymnasium with a gold medal, and Evgeni, for whom science was difficult, dropped out, the family immediately left for their estate on the Butyrki farm in Yeletsky district.
Little Vanya spent his sad childhood in this wilderness. Soon he had two sisters: Masha and Alexandra. Sashenka died very young, and Ivan peered into the night sky for a long time to guess on which star her soul settled. One of the summer days almost ended tragically for Ivan and his grown-up sister Masha: the children tasted poisonous henbane, but the nanny promptly gave them hot milk to drink.
Ivan’s life in the village was mainly filled with games with the village boys and studies under the guidance of his father’s friend Nikolai Osipovich, who lived with them. Sometimes he was thrown from one extreme to another: either he began to intensively deceive everyone, then he studied the lives of saints and prayed earnestly, then he killed a rook with a crippled wing with his father’s dagger.
Bunin felt the poetic gift in himself at the age of eight, and then he wrote his first poem.
Gymnasium years
At the age of 11, Ivan Bunin entered the Yeletsk gymnasium, which was located 30 miles from his native Butyrki. The entrance exams amazed him with their ease: all he had to do was talk about the Amilikites, recite a poem, correctly write “snow is white, but not tasty,” and multiply two-digit numbers. The young high school student hoped that further studies would be just as easy.
By the beginning of the school year, a uniform was sewn and an apartment was found to live in the house of the tradesman Byakin, with payment of 15 rubles per month. After living in the village, it was difficult to get used to the strict order that reigned in rented housing. The owner of the house kept his children strictly, and the second tenant Yegor even pulled their ears for any offense or poor study.
During all his years of study, high school student Bunin had to live in several houses, and during this time his parents moved from Butyrki to the more civilized Ozerki.
Paradoxically, the future Nobel Prize laureate’s studies did not go well. In the third grade of the gymnasium, he was retained for the second year, and in the middle of the fourth he dropped out of school altogether. Subsequently, he greatly regretted this rash act. The role of teacher had to be taken on by the brilliantly educated brother Yuli, who taught Ivan, who had escaped from the gymnasium, foreign languages and other sciences. The brother was in Ozerki under three-year house arrest as a participant in the revolutionary movement.
In 1887, Ivan Bunin decided to send the fruits of his creativity to the Rodina magazine. The first published poem was “Over the grave of S.Ya. Nadson” (February 1887), the second was “The Village Beggar” (May 1887). The collection of poems “Poems” was published in 1891, followed by other collections, the awarding of the Pushkin Prize and the title of honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
Independent life
In 1889, Ivan left his parents' home and rushed towards a great and difficult destiny. Having escaped from the wilderness of the village, the first thing he did was go to his brother Yuli in Kharkov, visited Yalta and Sevastopol, and in the fall he began work at the Orlovsky Vestnik.
In 1891, Bunin, who had not completed his studies at the gymnasium and did not have any benefits, had to go to serve in the army. To avoid conscription, the writer, on the advice of a friend, ate practically nothing and slept little for a month before undergoing the medical examination. As a result, he looked so haggard that he received a blue ticket.
In the Orlovsky Vestnik, Ivan met a pretty and educated girl, Varvara Pashchenko, who acted as a proofreader and was his age. Since Varvara’s father did not approve of their relationship, the young lovers went to live in Poltava for a while. The writer made an official proposal to his beloved girl, but the entire Pashenko family was against this marriage, as they considered the potential groom to be a beggar and a tramp.
In 1894, Varvara suddenly left her common-law husband, leaving only a farewell note. All three Bunin brothers rushed after the fugitive to Yelets, but the girl’s relatives refused to reveal her new address. This separation was so painful for Ivan that he was even going to commit suicide. Varvara Vladimirovna not only abandoned the aspiring writer, with whom she lived for three years in a civil marriage, but also very soon married his friend from her youth, Arseny Bibikov.
After this, Bunin left his service as an extra in Poltava and went to conquer St. Petersburg and Moscow. There he met literary titans Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov, and began a friendship with young Kuprin, who resembled a big child. After the drama he experienced, due to his internal unstable state, Bunin could not stay in one place for a long time; he constantly moved from city to city or visited his parents in Ozerki. In a fairly short period of time, he visited Kremenchug, Gurzuf, Yalta, and Yekaterinoslav.
In 1898, the passionate travel lover found himself in Odessa, where he married the daughter of the editor of the Southern Review, the beautiful Greek Anna Tsakni. The spouses did not have particularly deep feelings for each other, so they separated two years later. In 1905, their little child died of scarlet fever.
In 1906, Ivan Bunin again visited Moscow. At a literary evening, a writer gaining fame met a very beautiful girl with magical crystal eyes. Vera Muromtseva was the niece of a member of the State Duma and spoke several languages: French, English, Italian, German.
The life together of the writer and Vera Nikolaevna, who was far from literature, began in the spring of 1907, and the wedding ceremony was performed only in 1922 in France. Together they traveled to many countries: Egypt, Italy, Turkey, Romania, Palestine, and even visited the island of Ceylon.
Bunin's life in Grasse (France)
After the revolution of 1917, the couple emigrated to France, where they settled in the small resort town of Grasse at the Belvedere villa.
Here, under the southern sun, from the pen of Bunin came such wonderful works as “The Life of Arsenyev”, “Dark Alleys”, “Mitya’s Love”. His literary works were highly appreciated by his contemporaries - in 1933 he was awarded the Nobel Prize, to receive which he went to Stockholm with his beloved women - his wife Vera Nikolaevna and his beloved Galina Kuznetsova.
The aspiring writer Kuznetsova settled in the Belvedere villa back in 1927, and Vera Nikolaevna favorably accepted her husband’s late love, turning a blind eye to the gossip that arose both in Grasse and beyond.
Every year the situation became more tense. The composition of the villa's inhabitants was replenished with the young writer Leonid Zurov, who, in turn, felt sympathy for Vera Nikolaevna. To top it all off, Galina became interested in the singer Margarita Stepun and left the Bunins’ house in 1934. With her treacherous act, she struck directly at the writer’s heart. But be that as it may, the friends again lived with the Bunins in 1941-1942, and in 1949 they left for America.
Having crossed the eighty-year mark, Bunin began to get sick often, but did not stop working. This is how he met his death - with a pen in hand, devoting the last days of his life to creating a literary portrait of Anton Chekhov. The famous writer died on November 8, 1953 and found peace not in his native land, but in foreign lands.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870-1953), Russian prose writer, poet, translator.
Ivan Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in the city of Voronezh into a well-born but impoverished noble family. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin spent his childhood years partly on an ancestral estate near Yelets (now in the Lipetsk region), and partly in Voronezh.
Absorbing songs and legends from his parents and the courtyards like a sponge, he early discovered his artistic abilities and rare impressionability. Having entered the Yelets gymnasium in 1881, Bunin was forced to leave it in 1886: he did not have enough money to pay for his studies. He took the course at the gymnasium, and then partly at the university, at home under the guidance of his older brother, member of the People’s Will, Julius.
Ivan Bunin published his first collection of poems in 1891, and five years later he published his first translation of the poem “The Song of Hiawatha” by the American romantic poet G. Longfellow, this translation, together with the later collection of poems “Falling Leaves” (1901 .), brought Ivan Bunin the Pushkin Prize of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1903.
In 1909, Bunin was elected an honorary academician and received the second Pushkin Prize. At the end of the 19th century, he increasingly appeared with his stories, at first similar to pictorial sketches. Over time, Ivan Bunin becomes more and more noticeable both as a prose writer and as a poet.
Wide popular recognition came to the writer with the publication of his story “The Village” (1910), which showed modern rural life. The destruction of ancient foundations and patriarchal life is depicted in the story with a harshness that was rare at that time. The very end of the story, where the writer describes the wedding as a funeral, takes on a symbolic meaning. Immediately after the release of “The Village”, based on family legends, Ivan Bunin wrote the story “Sukhodol” in 1911. Here the degeneration of the Russian nobility was depicted with unprecedented majestic gloom.
Ivan Bunin himself always lived in anticipation of an impending catastrophe in Russia. He clearly felt the inevitability of a new historical break. This feeling can be seen in stories from the 1910s. "John the Weeper" (1913), "Easy Breathing" (1916), "The Grammar of Love", "The Man from San Francisco" (both 1915), "Chang's Dreams" (1918).
Ivan Bunin met the events of the revolution with great hostility, capturing “this bloody madness” in his diary, later published in exile under the title “Cursed Days” (1918, published in 1925).
Together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva in January 1920, the writer from Odessa sailed to Constantinople. Since then, Bunin moved to Europe and lived in France, mainly in the cities of Paris and Grasse. In emigration, Bunin was spoken of as the first among modern Russian writers.
Contemporaries perceived his story “Mitya’s Love” (1925), his books of stories “Sunstroke” (1927) and “God’s Tree” (1931) as living classics. In the 30s Ivan Bunin began to write short stories, where the writer showed his exceptional ability to compress meaning, huge material into just one or two rich pages, and sometimes into several lines.
In Paris in 1930, the novel “The Life of Arsenyev” was published with an obvious autobiographical “lining”.
In 1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. This event became significant, behind which stood essentially the fact of recognition of the literature of emigration.
During the Second World War 1939-1945, Bunin lived in Grasse, eagerly followed military events, lived in poverty, often hid Jews from the Gestapo in his house, and was very happy about the victories of the Soviet troops. At this time, Ivan Bunin wrote stories about love (they were included in the 1943 book “Dark Alleys”), the writer himself considered them the best of all he created.
The writer’s post-war “warm-up” to Soviet power was short-lived, but it managed to put him at odds with many long-time friends. Ivan Bunin spent his last years in poverty, while working on a book about his literary teacher Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
Ivan Alekseevich died on November 8, 1953 in Paris, and was buried in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.
His fate was difficult. Ivan Alekseevich was a creative person who was not at all alien to patriotism.
Because of the revolutions of 1917, he, like thousands of other Russian people, lost their homeland, and they began a different, difficult life in exile.
The writer was born in early October 1870, in Voronezh. He spent his childhood in the Yelets district of the Oryol province of the Russian Empire. He was of noble origin, but unfortunately, his family was in a difficult financial situation and soon went bankrupt.
He began receiving his education at the Yelets Gymnasium, but due to lack of money he was unable to complete it. I had to continue my studies at home. Bunin's older brother, Yuli, played a big role in his training.
In 1889, Ivan Bunin began working in various periodicals. While publishing in the Oryol Bulletin, Bunin meets Varya Pashchenko. The girl made a strong impression on him and sank into the poet’s soul.
Two years later, the couple began their life together; they wanted to get married, but her parents were against it. At the same time, Bunin's first collection of poems was published. In 1892, he and Pashchenko left for Poltava, where they worked together as statisticians in the local government.
In 1895, great changes took place in the life of Ivan Alekseevich. Varya Paschenko left him and started living with his friend Bibikov. This was a heavy blow for Bunin. Leaving his service in the government, he leaves Poltava and goes to Moscow. In Moscow he met the best writers of his time - Tolstoy. He quickly got comfortable in Moscow. His circle of acquaintances and friends grew. Ivan Alekseevich communicated with the best minds - famous artists and composers.
In the first year of the 20th century, Bunin published the story “Antonov Apples.” This work brought him wide fame. Today “Antonov Apples” is a classic, a work that is included in the compulsory school curriculum. In 1901, he published a collection of poems, “Falling Leaves.” For his literary works, the author was awarded the Pushkin Prize. And in 1909, Ivan Alekseevich became a member of the Academy of Sciences.
In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva. In 1907 they set off on a trip to the East. He visited Egypt, Syria and Palestine. This journey gave him a lot of impressions and emotions, which were later reflected in his work. In 1910, Bunin also traveled around Europe. After returning, he will write the works “Sukhodol”, the story “Brothers”
In 1915, two collections of Bunin’s stories were published - “The Cup of Life” and “The Master from San Francisco”. Two years later, the revolution will come, he will accept it with pain in his heart. The events of 1917 were reflected in the writer’s work; he would write “Cursed Days.” A year later, Ivan Alekseevich will leave for Odessa, in transit through which he will go into exile, to France. Bunin was very worried about leaving his native land forever.
In exile, he continues to create, but his work has undergone changes. Among his works written outside his homeland, such as: “Mitya’s Love”, “Sunstroke”, “Dark Alleys” - collections of stories, the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”. In 1933, a significant event occurred in his life - he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Ivan Alekseevich became the first Russian writer to receive such a high award.
Ivan Bunin ended his life in poverty and was constantly ill. The Great Russian writer died in 1953. After Bunin's death, his last book, “About Chekhov,” was published in the USA in 1955.
