System-vector psychology. Funny nicknames and offensive nicknames: who needs them and why? Moskal, katsap, crest, Jew

Many girls try to distinguish their boyfriend by giving him an original nickname that will make him stand out from others.

It seems that coming up with an original nickname for a guy is easy, but in reality it is not. They often use standard nicknames and nicknames.

Where did nicknames come from?

History suggests that nicknames in pre-Christian times had the meaning of names.

In those days, a nickname personified a pronounced characteristic of a person: external features, type of activity, bad habits, behavioral characteristics.

Pagan traditions gave way to Christian ones and the child was already given a name in accordance with biblical norms. The nickname began to take on the meaning of a surname.

Considering more recent events, nicknames and nicknames became widespread due to the fact that a child could be given several names at birth.

The choice was left to the person when he grew up. The Slavs have one name from birth, so the nickname acquired during life determines the characteristics.

Sources of nicknames:

1. Close and dear people try to compare a person with pleasant phenomena, so they give cute nicknames.
2. In places of deprivation of liberty, the nickname in slang is called pogonyalo. Each experienced person has his own nickname, which characterizes the character and misdeeds of the person.
3. In modern society, nicknames are often given in accordance with physical characteristics or names.
4. Pirate traditions required calling each other by fictitious “names” so as not to reveal their identity when committing illegal actions.
5. Cool nicknames can be borrowed from movies and songs if there is a similarity between the person and the character.
6. Unusual nicknames are obtained due to a play on words that characterize certain human traits and behavioral characteristics.

As in ancient times, such “call signs” accompany a person from birth to old age.

Depending on the change in type of activity, character traits, and social circle, nicknames may change.

List of funny and cool

“Call signs” for a person can be beautiful, offensive and funny. In accordance with interesting and original nicknames, psychologists conducted tests.

The results showed that people with such “middle names” are most susceptible to depression and are more mentally unstable.

Note! A non-standard name given at birth, in contrast to mocking nicknames, makes a person stronger and more purposeful.

Girls choose affectionate nicknames for guys they like.

It is impossible to receive gentle reproach from friends or enemies - they will try to present something negative about a person’s personality or physical characteristics. Often funny and non-standard nicknames arise that cause a smile and interest.

List of funny nicknames in different situations:

Examples of offensive nicknames

Nicknames can be at the same time not only cool, but also offensive to their owner.

Often such offensive complaints refer to a defect in appearance or character. Sometimes even funny and cool complaints can offend a person.

Usually, funny, unspoken middle names are invented for an ex-boyfriend. In this way, the girl can recoup her grievances by spreading offensive messages.

How offensively you can call a guy:

• Fattrest and Donut. They are assigned to guys who are overweight or have a curvy figure.
• Bald - ideal for a man with large bald patches on his forehead.
• Cheburashka. It emphasizes the guy's appearance with large, protruding ears.
• Pig or Stinky. This is a criticism for a sloppy or unclean man.
• Nibbler. Suitable for people with crooked or protruding front teeth.

There can be a lot of examples. It all depends on the imagination of the inventor. Some offensive nicknames and nicknames for the bearer are not such.

The degree of human sensitivity plays a huge role.

The meaning of nicknames

An originally presented nickname, especially with a foreign pronunciation, can carry a positive or negative meaning. Before you attach a complaint to a person, you need to know exactly the meaning.

Meaning of nicknames:

• Sociable is an energetic guy.
• Jovial – for a smiling and open guy.
• Pahan – refers to prison slang. Emphasizes the primacy of man.
• Olejandro, Sancho and the like are derived from male names.
• Skeleton. The nickname has many meanings, depending on culture, beliefs and position in society.
• Dario and similar aliases attribute to a person the features of movie characters or representatives of other nations.

It is worth considering the origin of the chase. Some came into use from places of imprisonment and belong to the characteristics of thieves' concepts. Cultural and folk aspects should also be taken into account.

Note! Some nationalities take nicknames very seriously, considering them a person’s middle name.

You should be especially careful with nicknames in English. It is imperative to know the translation so as not to turn out to be a fool and the subject of ridicule.

Some people come up with their own aliases - but it needs to be done correctly.

Useful video

A nickname is an acquired, unofficial name for an adult or child. It often notices not desirable, but real qualities and properties of a person. Emphasizes the special meaning of these qualities and properties for others. It is a noticeable feature of appearance or activity.

Nicknames exist as a social phenomenon; we can talk about a system of nicknames. They can be different: to emphasize social activity and be a way of teasing and even humiliation, to be considered a sign of sympathy and to be a means of insult. The most active in this direction are parents and teenagers.

Nicknames for beloved children.

Sometimes it takes a long time for a child to choose a name at birth, but then they call him by other, affectionate nicknames, as they say, “out of an excess of feelings.” And there is enormous scope for creativity. To the already familiar Dolls, Suns, Baby Dolls and Sweethearts, more original ones are being added.

The most common are children's nicknames, derived from the names of animals, birds and even insects. Here happy parents “reward” their adored children in different ways: Hamster, Kitten, Hedgehog, Swallow, Owl, Mosquito, Bug, Bug, Cuckoo. You can even meet Klopik and Cockroach.

Parents often like it if there is a play on words in the nickname. For example: Katya - Katyonok, Alisa - Fox, Veronica - Nika, Svetlana - Lana.

Children's nicknames often include cartoon characters and fairy tales. These are Gnome, Funtik, Drakosha, Barmaley, Pokemosha, Prince.

Often names rhyme. Then we get the following nicknames: Irinka the Mandarin, Glebushka the Bread, Vanka the Vstanka, Natasha the Bug.

There are also “culinary” nicknames: Bun, Pie, Cheesecake, Bublichek.

They call their beloved children both Berries and Currants.

Among flower nicknames, Daisies, Dandelions, and Roses occupy a strong place.

Sometimes children are named after actions or parts of the body: Shchekastic, Ushastik, Puzanchik, Fatty, Pukhlik, Pishchalkin, Khnyklik, Twist-twirl, Snotty, Lapukhastic.

Sometimes they are nicknamed based on their character: Shilo, Egoza, Laughter, Chief, Spring, Crybaby.

In the mouths of parents, everything sounds with love, even name-calling. For example: Golopopik (bare butt), Leech (sucking breast), Nyunya (whining), Pisyundrych (often peeing), Kishkomot (naughty).

Nicknames in the teenage world.

Nicknames play a significant role in the world of teenagers. They are invented for various reasons. The reason can be anything: the qualities and actions of a person, certain circumstances, events, associations with an official name and surname. They are given out of a desire to offend, to stand out, and for fun.

In a school environment, nicknames are often formed from surnames and given names. For example: Suslov - Suslik, Lysenko - Bald, Kuzmin - Kuzya, Rybalko - Rybalya, Isaev - Isay, Shevchenko - Sheva, Sergey - Sery, Angelina - Angel.

Certain nicknames characterize the features of appearance: Hog (excessively fat), Pyshka (plump), Long, Kalancha, Skyscraper (tall), Monkey, Face (“crooked”), Short, Small (short).

By character and qualities: Sticky (annoying), Prodigy, Nerd (smart), Dumb, Slowpoke (inhibited), Brigadier (constantly telling what to do), Hidden Threat (getting into various troubles).

Sometimes nicknames appear by association with a surname. So, Vorobyov - Bird, Sudakov - Fish, Ogurtsov - Vegetable, Shaposhnikov - Cap, Korovin - Molochkov, Shmelev - Bee, Zaitsev - Rabbit, Lapshin - Pasta, Spaghetti.

They are often identified with the name of a famous person or literary character. For example, Bogdanov - Titomir, Pevtsov - Chaliapin, Malysheva - Thumbelina, Nehoroshko - Malchish-Plokhish.

Nicknames or nicknames.

Nicknames are popular on the Internet. It's a nickname. When you plunge into the endless expanse of the Internet, you need to somehow identify yourself, take a network name. You can just use your own name, for example Vasya, Sveta, but this is banal. And everyone wants to come up with something original, suitable only for you.

This is exactly the rare case when you give yourself a nickname. Here everyone is already trying their best. From simple (Christina - Criss, Sabrina - Brie, Veronica - Nika) to sophisticated (Valetta, Diezo, Erdeletta, Khachachun).

Some people take funny nicknames for themselves. For example: Completely blonde, Crocodiller, Murmailo, Underscraper, Smorkel, Monitor Klaviaturovich, Pohmetologist, Bespectacled macho.

Others are fond of elven names: Irima (beautiful), Kue (dove), Tauretari (queen of the forest), Mornamir (black diamond), Taurokhtar (forest warrior), Ainon (saint).

Some people like to be called by the names of different vampires, ancient Greek names, names of kings, popular literary characters, names of flowers, animals. The scope for creativity is huge.

Nicknames of famous football players and clubs.

It’s not just children and teenagers who are “awarded” with nicknames. Even famous people have them. This is especially popular in football. Thus, the legendary Pele is called not only the “King of Football”, but also the “Man Who Brings Misfortune”. He received his original nickname due to his overwhelmingly bad predictions of football matches.

Asian football player Naohiro Takahara has the most original nickname - “Sushi Bombardier” for his accurate and unique goals.

Arjen Robben is called the "Glass Man". He is the most talented winger in the world, but constant injuries prevent him from reaching his full potential.

Tony Adamis, England legend, received his offensive nickname "Donkey" from the British press for his careless attitude towards his appearance.

The Dutchman Michael Reiziger was nicknamed “Gas Mask” due to the unusual structure of his skull.

Frenchman Nicolas Anelka has become "Incredibly gloomy" because no one can remember him being joyful. And his character, closed and uncommunicative, helped with this.

Even football clubs have nicknames. For example, Manchester City was nicknamed “Blue Moon” because that is the name of the traditional song of the fans of this club.

The Barnsley club is called the Mutts. The club's mascot was Toby the mongrel. She entertained audiences at Oakwell for many years.

The club "Scanthrop United" is "Iron" because Scanthrop is a metallurgical center in Great Britain. Hence the nickname.

Almost all population groups have nicknames. And it’s not at all bad to receive it if it is given kindly, openly, and talented.

Some nicknames even became the official names of peoples in the languages ​​in which they originated. Everything depends on the historical situation that contributed to their emergence, and the further relationships of peoples.

About 1,500 different peoples live on our planet, who have their own individual names that distinguish them from each other. But in addition to official names, many peoples also have nicknames given to them at one time by friends-neighbors or, conversely, by opponents. They are, of course, not mentioned in international treaties and other important documents.

Each of these nicknames, sometimes mockingly playful, sometimes caustically offensive, has its own history and its own destiny. Some of them are known only to historians, while others, on the contrary, exist to this day.

Where did barbarians come from?

The appearance of the first national nicknames dates back to ancient times. Even the ancient Greeks, and later the Romans, used the word “barbarians” in relation to the peoples around them. It was the name given to peoples who belonged to different ethnic groups and spoke different languages: Slavs, Germans, Celts and many others. For Greece and Rome, with their developed culture, these peoples looked very backward. And their language was incomprehensible.

It seemed to the Greeks and Romans that when communicating with each other, they uttered some strange sounds - “var-var”. This is where the nickname came from, which lasted for many centuries. Later this word lost its original meaning and became a common noun. Now it denotes a rude, ignorant person who destroys what was created by the labor of others, regardless of his nationality.

Who are the fryags?

National nicknames also appeared in Rus'. In the second half of the 15th century, on the initiative of Grand Duke Ivan III, many foreigners came to the Russian state, mainly from southern Europe, mainly from Italy. These were architects, engineers, gunsmiths and other craftsmen. Here the Italians received the nickname “Fryags”, “Fryazis” or “Fryazins”.

This word was borrowed with some distortion from the Serbian language, where it meant “Latins,” that is, Catholics. Accordingly, any item of Italian import was designated by the word “Fryazhsky”. In official documents of that time, the nickname “Fryazin” was added to the names of Italian masters, with which many of them went down in history.

How did the Germans become Germans?

When we pronounce the words “German”, “German”, we do not even think about their origin. And it has its own interesting history, also dating back to the Middle Ages. In addition to the Italians, who received “their” nickname, residents of other European countries also came to us. These were diplomats, traders and masters of various professions. Naturally, immediately upon arrival, none of them knew Russian and could not communicate with the local population without an interpreter.

Having met a foreigner on the street and asked him some question, the Russian person did not receive any answer from him. So the opinion arose that all foreigners are mute and cannot speak. That's why they called them Germans. Moreover, this concept included not only residents of Germany, but also the Dutch, the British and many others. Gradually, this word began to refer specifically to the Germans, and it became established in the Russian language as a generally accepted norm.

Boches, Krauts and Hans.

Nicknames also appeared at a later time. The same Germans, to whom other nations often gave contemptuous nicknames, especially “got it” especially. In the 19th century, Prussia, the largest German state, often waged wars with its neighbors. One of the main targets of its aggression was France. The angry-tongued French came up with a nickname for their opponents. They disparagingly called them Boches.

This word was also used in the 20th century, especially during the two world wars started by Germany. During the First World War, Russia also had to face the Germans in a military confrontation. And it didn’t take long for another nickname for them to appear in the Russian language - Krauts. This word comes from one of the common names in Germany, which can be either independent or a diminutive of the name Friedrich.

This nickname for the Germans became especially popular in 1941, when Germany again attacked the Soviet Union. There was another nickname at that time - Hans, also derived from a common German name. However, now these nicknames, which are not very pleasant for the German people, are a thing of the past, and our countries have maintained friendly relations for many years.

Forelock versus beard.

The basis for the appearance of national nicknames can be anything. Some features of people’s appearance may also be a reason. The most famous is a kind of “exchange” of nicknames between two fraternal Slavic peoples - Russian and Ukrainian.

At one time, the Zaporozhye Cossacks shaved their heads bald, leaving a forelock in front, which the Russians called “crest.” The wearers of this hairstyle also began to be called crests, and from them the nickname passed on to all Ukrainians in general. Of course, they did not remain in debt and also came up with a nickname for Russians associated with their appearance.

Unlike Ukrainians, Russians wore beards, which gave the first reason to call them Katsaps. In the Ukrainian language, the word “tsap” means a goat, which, as is known, has a “beard”. The Ukrainian phrase “yak tsap” literally meant “like a goat.” Later it was transformed into the well-known word “katsap”. Both of these nicknames have long become humorous, and people with a sense of humor are not offended by them.

There is another nickname for Russians in Ukraine, which has a more negative connotation - Muscovites. Naturally, it comes from the name of the capital of Russia. Initially, this was the nickname given to officials who, after the unification of Ukraine with the Russian state, came there to establish new orders. Then they began to call all Russians by this nickname. It is in this meaning, and extremely disparaging, that it still exists in the west of Ukraine.

Potatoes, pasta and frogs.

Finally, some nicknames come from the characteristics of a particular national cuisine. It is known that in Italy one of the favorite national dishes is pasta. “Good” neighbors immediately responded to this fact, calling the Italians pasta makers. However, this does not prevent residents of all countries of the world from visiting numerous Italian restaurants and eating spaghetti with pleasure.

The French were not left without a nickname, as some species of frogs are used in their national cuisine. They began to be called paddling pools. True, the French themselves are not very pleased with this nickname. Moreover, French cuisine also has plenty of other dishes made from a wide variety of products.

In terms of nicknames, Belarusians are the luckiest of all. Their cuisine includes many varied and tasty potato dishes, which the Belarusian land is rich in. In Belarusian, potatoes are called “bulba”. So their neighbors - Russians and Ukrainians - called the Belarusians Bulbash. However, the Belarusian people are not at all offended by such a nickname. The cheerful, good-natured and hospitable bulbash has long become something of an unofficial symbol of Belarus.

In russian language.

Abrek is a Chechen, Dagestan, in a broad sense, a male representative of any people of the North Caucasus. Among the Caucasians themselves there is an outcast mountaineer.

Azer, aizer - Azerbaijani.

Azeri is also one of the self-names of Azerbaijanis, probably derived from the name of the extinct Indo-European language of the northwestern subgroup of Iranian languages, which existed on the territory of Southern Iranian Azerbaijan presumably until the 17th century.

Amerikos, Amer, Pindos (this word originally meant the Greeks) - American.

Ara is Armenian (not offensive).

Afro-ass, afrozy, afro-black-ass - black. It arose as a sharply negative reaction to the politically correct “African-American.”

An Afro-Russian is a black man living in Russia.

Baybak is a nickname for Karelians or residents of Karelia in general. It has a contemptuous connotation, hinting at the negative qualities inherent in the steppe marmot - laziness, stupidity.

Basurman (Busurman, Busarman, Basurmanin, Busarmanin) - in the old days in Rus': Tatar, a person of a different religion, mainly from the East. Initially, the nickname has a religious meaning: “infidel” is obviously a distorted word for “Muslim” - that is, a non-religious.

Biraljukas (Braljukas) are Lithuanians. Derivation from “brolis” - “brother”, “brolyukas” - “little brother”.

Bulbash (from white bulba - “potato”) - Belarusian.

Hans is German.

Guran - usually used in relation to the descendants of mixed marriages of Russians and Buryats in Transbaikalia, also to the Transbaikal Cossacks. Derived from the name of a male roe deer, which is one of the main game animals in Transbaikalia. The Gurans in Transbaikalia have a special “brotherly” (semi-Mongoloid) appearance, thick black hair, wide cheekbones and dark skin, and also speak a special Transbaikalian dialect of the Russian language.

Jew is a Jew.

Beast, small animal (comes from thieves' jargon) - a contemptuous nickname for visitors mainly from Transcaucasia or Central Asia, less often - from the North Caucasus.

Labuses (Hans) are Latvians. Derived from the Lithuanian greeting "labas", "laba diena" - "good afternoon"

Lyakh (obsolete) - Pole.

The paddling pool is French.

Lapps are Sami.

Myrk, Moor - a humiliating nickname for uncultured, uncouth, rude people in Kyrgyzstan. Synonym: "redneck". The nickname is used by the population living in the capital of Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek in relation to rural residents.

Macaroni is Italian.

Mambet was a formerly common male name, derived from the word "Makhambet" in the Kazakh pronunciation of the word "Muhammad". Used by both the non-Kazakh population and urban Kazakhs in relation to rural Kazakhs or recent immigrants from the village. A priori, a Kazakh who speaks Russian poorly is considered a mambet in Kazakhstan.

Muscovites - Russians (obsolete).

Non-Russian - used disparagingly towards anyone who is not Russian.

Ниггер - заимствованное из США оскорбительное наименование чернокожего.

Pindos (sometimes “Pendos”) - from about the 19th century in the Russian Empire, as now in the south of Russia and Ukraine, as well as in Kazakhstan - Greeks. However, it is now increasingly used in relation to Americans.

Psheki (pshek) - Poles. It arose due to the “hissing” nature of Polish speech.

Rusaki, rusapet, rusopyat - an outdated self-name of Russians.

Samoyeds (obsolete) - Nenets.

Seldyuk is a Siberian nickname, approximately the same as chaldon.

Fritz is the name of the Germans. Origin - shortened form of the name "Frederick"

Tungus (obsolete) - Evenks.

Narrow-eyed is a disrespectful nickname for Mongoloids (Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese, etc.).

Khach, Khachik - Armenian (in recent years, anyone from the North Caucasus and Transcaucasian countries has been mistaken).

Chaplashka is a Tatar (approx. in Tatarstan).

Chakh(s) (obsolete) - Czech.

Black-assed (from hair color or dark skin) - absolute brunettes, immigrants from Transcaucasia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. It is a kind of backronym for American Wog, which also refers to residents from the Middle East, Southern Europe and the Balkans: Italians, Moroccans, Latin Americans, Macedonians, Greeks or Spaniards. The nickname, which originally referred to blacks, has now mainly passed on to black-haired or dark-skinned foreigners.

The first meaning (from hair color or dark skin) is a derogatory designation by the predominantly Russian population of representatives of Transcaucasia, Central Asia and the Middle East. In Russia, this term has a different meaning in contrast to the USA, that is, people are not literally “black”, but rather “dark-haired”, brunettes, people who are Caucasian in type, but still with skin a little darker than that of Northern Europeans. This nickname refers to Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tajiks, Moldovans, etc.

The second meaning (based on skin color) is the same as African Americans, blacks, blacks belonging to the Negroid race.

crests are Ukrainians (from the Cossack custom of wearing a forelock).

Chaldony, Chaldony - dialect designation for Siberians. It was used among Russian Siberians in relation to other Russian Siberians with an emphasis on the stupidity and “Valenkov” of a person. Currently, the use of the word is rare even in Siberia, found mainly among the older generation.

Blacks (by skin color) - representatives of the Negroid race, blacks, the designation “black” is also common.

Czech (derivative, army slang) is a Chechen, predominantly a Chechen militant.

Chocks, churbans, chureks, chebureks, babahans, rhinoceroses, chuchmeks, saxauls are a contemptuous designation for representatives of the peoples of Central Asia. This word penetrated into colloquial speech from criminal jargon, obviously from the Turkic people.

Chukhonets, Chukhon, Chukhna is a disrespectful nickname, used mainly by the Russian population in relation initially to the Ingrian Finns, subsequently to the Finns of Finland and other representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Chukhna, Chushka - Finland.

Hellenes are Greeks.

Yankees are Americans.

In other languages.

Ami (Ami) is a nickname for Americans by Germans (simplification/abbreviation).

Aleman - lit. “German” (Spanish) - in Cuba all are white Europeans.

Ak-kulak, ash-kulokh (literally white-eared) - an offensive nickname for the Slavs in Central Asia, an analogue of the Russian “black-assed”.

The Boches are Germans. Borrowed from the French language, the lexicon of the First World War, also found its way into Russian.

Bosha is a nickname for gypsies among Armenians.

Burla (barge hauler) is an offensive nickname for Russians in Central Asia.

Vessi - residents of Germany (before the unification of Germany and the GDR). Comes from the German Westdeutschland - West Germany.

Gaijin (from gaikokujin - foreigner) is a disrespectful nickname for non-Japanese people in Japan.

Goy - (word from the Torah) means non-Jew. Used in both derogatory and neutral meanings.

Gringos are foreigners, most often of Caucasian appearance, often Americans (in Latin America and Mexico).

John Bull is English.

Kafir - all non-Muslims (identical to Jewish goy, Russian infidel, wicked, unchrist).

Latinos is a nickname for Latin Americans in the United States; the word has also passed into Russian.

Nazari (Arabic lit. “Nazarenes”) are Christians among the southern Arabs.

Ora is the way Abkhazians call each other.

Rusaki is the collective self-name of the Russian-speaking population in Germany.

Rushpans - Ukrainian. "Russians".

Sarybas, sarybash (literally “yellow-headed”) is an offensive nickname for Europeans in Central Asia, used in the sense of “coward”, “bungler”, “fool”.

Shoshka (chuchka) is a derogatory nickname for the Slavs (mostly Russians) in Central Asia, literally “pigs”, sometimes used in the sense of “pig-like”, “pig-eaters”, “pig people”.

Ivans are Russians (among the Germans and not only).

Kalbit - in the regions of Russia bordering Kazakhstan, is contemptuous - Kazakh.

Kizdym is Kazakh.

Katsapy (Ukrainian word) - Russian. Most often refers to residents of Moscow due to the unusual dialect widespread there. Most Russians, including Muscovites, do not suspect the existence of any nickname given by Ukrainians, in principle, and especially this specific one.

Cockney is a resident of the working-class neighborhoods of London. In English, from where it is borrowed, it is not offensive.

Xenos is a word used by the indigenous population of Greece in relation to foreigners, foreign-speaking people, emigrants, migrants and all those who are alien to Greek culture. The word is used in both derogatory and neutral meanings. Xenophobia is a single root word meaning hostility towards strangers. A word with a similar meaning in use in the Russian language is - nerus.

Laowai is a colloquial Chinese term for any foreigner of European descent.

Laomaozi (Maozi) is a colloquial Chinese designation for Russians.

Muscovites are Russians, most often immigrants from Moscow.

Ossies are residents of the GDR (before the unification of the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR) and the eastern part of present-day Germany. Comes from the German Ostdeutschland - East Germany.

Pakis is a derogatory nickname for people from Pakistan in the UK.

Persil is a contemptuous nickname for an Azerbaijani or Turk in Turkmenistan.

Piefke is a nickname used by residents of Austria and especially Vienna to call residents of parts of Germany; nowadays it is used mainly by tourists from Germany. In Germany itself, this nickname is used as a humorous designation for a braggart or imagineer.

Raski is a contemptuous name for Russians (in the broad sense of all citizens from the former USSR) among Americans.

Ryussia are Russians among the Finns.

Sarty is a word used by Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Turkmens to people of Uzbek nationality; most often this word is perceived as humiliating and abusive.

Tibla is an offensive nickname for Russian speakers in Estonia.

Farang is a word from the Thai language that originally referred to the French. Not offensive. In Thailand and Cambodia, farang (barang) refers to any foreigner of European descent.

Habibi is how Americans disparagingly call Arabs.

Shuravi - Originally a designation for USSR soldiers in Afghanistan. At the moment, a neutral designation for all Russians in Arab countries.

Yahudiy is a colloquial Uzbek designation for a person of the Jewish religion, used in both derogatory and neutral meanings.

POM (Pommy) is a humorous nickname for the British among residents of Australia, New Zealand and sometimes South Africa.

Kovalenko Andrey

In our class I feel confident, because in our class it is not customary to call people names. But during breaks I hear offensive nicknames. I decided to figure it out and write a project. Why do they stick nicknames?

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Research project

Why is Ivan a fool?

Kirov, 2012

1. Introduction………………………………………………………pp. 3
2. Literature review……………………………………………………… pp. 4 - 5
3. Research methods……………………………………………………… pages 6 - 8
4. Research results……………………………………p. 9
5. Conclusions……………………………………………………… page 10
6. List of information sources used……… p.11
7. Applications……………………………………………………………. page 12

Introduction.

Situation: I feel comfortable in our class becauseIt is not customary for us to call each other offensive nicknames. But during breaks, I constantly hear offensive nicknames addressed to me from students in grades 5 and 6. I came across a similar situation in the fairy tale by P.P. Ershov “The Little Humpbacked Horse”

Problem: Why is the main positive hero in Russian fairy tales called Ivan the Fool?

Problematic question:Why do we stick nicknames?

Objective of the project:

Find out why we stick nicknames

Project objectives:

1. Re-read the fairy tale by P. P. Ershov “The Little Humpbacked Horse”
2. Find out the lexical meaning of the word “fool”
3. Find out the origin of the word “fool”
4. Conduct an analysis of the actions and characters of the heroes of P. P. Ershov’s fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse”
5. Conduct a study in the form of a survey of adolescent respondents
6. Put forward hypotheses about the reasons for the emergence of nicknames in adolescence
7. Conduct explanatory work to prevent the occurrence of nicknames among classmates.

Hypotheses:

1. Children give each other offensive nicknames because they do not know the true meaning of these words.
2. Due to personal psychological problems

Research methods:

1. Analysis of a literary work
2. Questionnaire

Review of information.

A person goes through his entire life with his personal name. But there is another name that can appear in a person and accompany him for some time, and sometimes throughout his life. It's a nickname. Nicknames appeared more than a thousand years ago, then served as the basis for the formation of many Russian surnames. But they have not disappeared, they continue to exist to this day. The position of most people in relation to nicknames is quite calm: “Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?” In fact, nicknames and nicknames are quite a strong reason for conflict.

Nicknames and nicknames may not only not disappear, but also appear as a way of taking revenge on the offender - the name-caller. If you do not pay due attention to this phenomenon, a conflict situation can develop into a serious confrontation with unpredictable consequences.

The very first nicknames arose more than a thousand years ago. Their source was ancient Russian names, which were very similar to nicknames. Names were given, for example, based on hair color: Black, White, Chernavka, Red; by height: Small, Long; by character and behavior: Bulgak (restless), Fun, Unsmiling. A name determines a person's destiny. It’s not without reason that in Rus' a person had two names. A personal name (in Old Russian - reklo, nazvische, nickname, name, nickname, pronaming) is a special word that serves to designate an individual person in order to be able to address him, as well as talk about him with others. Our ancestors were afraid of evil spirits, evil words, and the evil eye. In order to deceive evil people and evil spirits, caring parents gave good children “bad names”: smart boys were deliberately called Fools and Freaks, honest and brave ones - Scoundrels and Cowards, desirable ones - Undead. It seemed to them that a “bad” name, like an invisibility cap, would cover their child and save them from “damage.” Traces of such names have survived to this day in the foundations of modern Russian surnames: Nechaevs, Durakovs, Negodyaevs, Gryaznovs, Glupovs.

A nickname is a person's informal name. In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov the following definition is given: “A nickname is a name given to a person based on some of his characteristic features or properties.” Unlike a name, a nickname reflects not the desired, but the real properties and qualities of the bearer and thus captures the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. Nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their lives, and in many cases they are known to a limited circle of people.

Often the main character of Russian fairy tales, Ivan, is given the offensive nickname “Fool”. Let's consider the meaning of the word FOOL.

In the modern dictionary FOOL m. fool w. a stupid person, a dullard, a dull, slow-witted, reckless person, but has this word always been understood this way?

The ancient meaning of the word fool. This word-concept consists of two roots: “du” and “ra”. The root "du" means two, second. The root "ra" means sunlight. Thus, the word "Fool" means "second sun".

But why is he still a Fool, because Ivanushka is smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just a talisman name.

Research methods:

1. Contents of the tale

A peasant lives in one village. He has three sons: the eldest, Danilo, is smart, the middle one, Gavrilo, “this way and that,” and the youngest, Ivan, is a complete fool. The brothers grow wheat, take it to the capital and sell it there. But trouble happens: someone starts trampling the crops at night. The brothers decide to take turns on duty in the field. The eldest and middle brothers, frightened by bad weather and cold, leave duty without finding out anything. It's the younger brother's turn. At midnight he saw a white mare with a long golden mane. Ivan manages to jump onto the mare’s back, and she starts galloping. Unable to get rid of Ivan, the mare asks to let her go, promising to give birth to three horses: two handsome ones, which Ivan, if he wants, can sell, and the third - a horse only three inches tall, with two humps on its back and arshin ears. , which cannot be given to anyone for any treasure, because he will be Ivan’s best comrade, assistant and protector. Ivan agrees and takes the mare to a shepherd’s booth, where three days later the mare gives birth to the three promised horses.

After some time, Danilo, accidentally entering a booth, sees two beautiful golden-maned horses there. Danilo and Gavrilo, secretly from Ivan, take the horses to the capital to sell. In the evening of the same day, Ivan, coming to the booth, discovers the loss and is very upset. The Little Humpbacked Horse explains to Ivan what happened and offers to catch up with the brothers. Ivan mounts the humpbacked horse, and they instantly overtake them. The brothers, making excuses, explain their action by poverty. Ivan agrees to sell the horses, and together they go to the capital.

Arriving in the capital in the morning, the brothers put their horses up for sale in a row of horses. The mayor sees the horses and immediately goes with a report to the king. The mayor praises the wonderful horses so much that the king immediately goes to the market and buys them from his brothers. The royal grooms lead the horses away, but the expensive horses knock them off their feet and return to Ivan. Seeing this, the king offers Ivan service in the palace - he appoints him as head of the royal stables. Ivan agrees and goes to the palace. His brothers, having received the money and dividing it equally, go home, both get married and live peacefully, remembering Ivan, and Ivan serves in the Tsar’s stable and carries out all the Tsar’s orders and passes all the tests with dignity.

Analysis of characters and actions

• The author's attitude towards the characters:

The brothers are Danilo and Gavrilo, and the fool is Ivanushka.

• The characters’ attitude to the problem of sleep:

The brothers slept through their guard duty, and Ivan found a way to fight sleep.

• The attitude of the heroes to the matter:

The brothers lie, and Ivan completes the task.

• Ability to anticipate the actions of others:

Ivan hides the horses and weaves tales about the thief, knowing the greed of his brothers.

• Relation to property:

The brothers steal horses, and Ivan reproaches them

• Attitude to tasks:

Ivan creatively performs horse care tasks

• Attitude to human weaknesses:

Ivan forgives his brothers both the theft and their ridicule towards him.

Results analysis

In Ershov's fairy tale, Ivan has the best masculine qualities: he is honest, fair, hard-working, and dexterous.

• Ivan is a fool smarter than his brothers. His nickname is just talisman name , protecting him from the corruption of evil spirits and the envy of his brothers.
• The brothers understand that they are inferior to Ivan in many ways, but do not want to admit defeat. Themit's more pleasant to put someone else upfool than to realize your shortcomings.

Conclusion:

We cannot call a person with such qualities stupid and slow-witted, a reckless person.

1. Questionnaire

I compiled a questionnaire for children in 6th grade. The survey was conducted anonymously. (Appendix No. 1) questionnaire

Survey results

A survey of sixth-graders showed that 39% of their total number have nicknames or nicknames associated with their surname or first name, 15% have a nickname associated with appearance (figure features), 15% have a nickname associated with social status and only 6% do not have nicknames and nicknames In addition, it turned out that not only boys, but also girls call names.

Conclusion of the study

There are very different reasons behind nicknames and nicknames. One attaches an offensive label to his friend, envying his success; another asserts himself by humiliating weaker and defenseless peers, wanting to look more advantageous in the eyes of others; the third, thus, avenges his own humiliation. In any case, an adult should not remain indifferent if a child is humiliated or insulted before his eyes. It’s even worse when a child gets used to this humiliation and perceives it as the norm.

1. Interviewing a school psychologist

A conversation with a school psychologist about the influence of nicknames on children.

In modern psychology there is the concept of “sanogenic behavior”, where “san” is the sun, and “gene” is the genetic nature of a person. People with this type of behavior are trusting, simple-minded, and kind. I believe that Ivan the Fool belongs to this type of person.

According to the psychologist, a nickname can be both pleasant and unpleasant for a person, and therefore can cause him psychological trauma.

The psychologist talked with the boys who came up with the offensive nickname. It turns out they were joking, just wanted to tease (play?). They don’t understand what is offensive in their actions, because they also have nicknames, and they are not offended by them at all. Which? “Gin”, “Crutch”, “Penguin”... Do you like nicknames? Well, not very much, but what can you do... Everyone has nicknames, and nothing can be done about it. It seems that nicknames and nicknames have become firmly established in children’s speech, and this can lead to serious conflicts.

But the main thing is the reaction of the person himself to the nickname. It depends on the person’s temperament - a melancholic person, for example, will cry, and a choleric person will get into a fight. It also depends on the relationship with the person who gave the nickname. Mostly, nicknames appear in adolescence, from 10 to 13 years, when communication with other children is very important for a person. But sometimes nicknames become so attached to a person that the name fades into the background. The psychologist believes that a nickname is always bad, because a person has his own name, which his parents lovingly chose for him. I completely agree with him. Appendix No. 2 (interview questions)

The result of the research

The main reasons why children call each other names:

1. Aggression (conscious desire to offend, annoy, anger a peer).

2. The desire to attract attention (of the one you tease or others):

Game (the teaser perceives name-calling as a fun game, attracting the attention of a peer without intending to offend him);

Provocation (the teaser is aware that he is insulting his peer, but thus seeks to provoke him to active actions, for example, to force him to chase himself, to fight, to accept a challenge);

Joke (wants not so much to offend a friend as to amuse those around him);

Self-affirmation (the teaser deliberately insults a peer in order to humiliate him and stand out in the eyes of others, “put him in his place,” and establish a leadership position).

3. Revenge (an offended or humiliated child begins to tease the offender, especially if he cannot respond physically; sometimes he does the same out of envy).

4. Not out of malice (the teaser does not understand that the other is offended, he is used to noting the characteristics of others, identifying their characteristic features, for example, comparing them to animals). Perhaps at home it is customary to reward each other with nicknames, and this does not offend anyone.

Conclusion

People's names are part of the history of a people. Every person living on Earth has at least one name.

IVAN the Fool - this nickname is just a talisman name.

Like many other social phenomena, the nickname system is likely to be not only a form of solidarity, but also a source of other forms of social activity, such as teasing and humiliation. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult. Although the insult acts as a kind of recognition.

Nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their lives, and in many cases they are known to a fairly limited circle of people. Many people have several nicknames, and each of them seems to be associated with membership in a specific group.

Exit to the next problem.

Very often, the class teacher has to deal with conflicts that arise due to nicknames and nicknames. The position of most people in relation to it is quite calm: “Well, which of us was not teased in childhood? Is it worth paying attention to this problem?” In fact, nicknames and nicknames are the cause of many conflicts.

How to help your child protect himself from offensive nicknames?

List of information sources used:

1. Golanova E.I. How words arise. – M., 1989.

2. Gorbanevsky M.V. In the world of names and titles. – M., 1983.

3. Kodukhov V.I. Stories about synonyms. – M., 1984.

4. Ozhegov S.I.. Dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1984.

5. Rosenthal D.E. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. – M., 1976.

6. Suslova A.V., Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. – M., 1984.

7. Shiryaeva N.S. Fairy tales: learning technologies. - S.P., 2003.

Applications:

Appendix No. 1

Questionnaire “Nicknames in your life”

(Underline whatever applicable)

1. Please indicate your age. _______________________________________________

2. Your gender: female / male.

3. How do you feel about nicknames (positive, negative, indifferent). __________________________________________________________________

4. Do you consider nicknames a manifestation of aggression (yes - no). ________________

5 . Did or do you have a nickname? (Not really)._____________________________

6. State your nickname. __________________________________________

7. How do you react to this (I’m offended, I don’t pay attention, I respond in kind).

__________________________________________________________________

8. Name the nicknames you call guys you know._______________

9. What are nicknames associated with (last name, first name, body features,

With features of appearance, with character, with behavior)___________________

10. What do you think needs to be done to stop being teased and left behind?

Appendix No. 2

Interview Questions for a School Psychologist

What personal problems does a person who calls another person address?

How do nicknames affect children?

People have been giving each other nicknames since time immemorial. Some nicknames are funny or cool, others are offensive.

Come up with Anyone can have a funny nickname, but you have to react correctly when someone calls you a name, and not affectionately at that.

There are many cases when a nickname is remembered better than a real name or surname. A striking example of this is the history of different times and peoples.

Why and why do nicknames appear?

People have nicknames for various reasons. A phrase said once, appearance, surname or action - all this is a possible source for an invented nickname. There are many examples in history when nicknames were invented for people.

Each case has its own characteristics:

1. Indian tribes were famous for the names Eagle Eye, Running Deer, and Swift River. In fact, the names were different, but only relatives could know them.

   Nicknames appeared from events in the life of the Indians and became a second name for life or until the next significant act.

2. There were nicknames and among the rulers of countries at all times. In Rus', Yaroslav the Wise, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great.

   Gorbachev was called the Mineral Secretary, and Brezhnev was called the Armor Bearer in the Dark. Vivid examples of kings are also known throughout the world - Richard the Lionheart, Pepin the Short, Louis the Pious.

   Some nicknames reflect the characteristics of the government, others the appearance of the rulers.

3. Cowboy nicknames more often they reflected character or actions, but sometimes also appearance. Big Joe, Silent Bob, Wild Bill.
4. Likewise Pirate nicknames also appeared. Blackbeard, Killer of the Spaniards, Calico Jack.
5. Teachers often referred to by profession or appearance. An art teacher is a Pencil, and a physics teacher is an Atom. Tall, thin teachers are nicknamed Herring or Pointer.

Sometimes one person is given several nicknames. Alexander Pushkin was called the Frenchman or Monkey at the Lyceum, Egoza for his restlessness, and Cricket in literary society.

How to come up with funny nicknames for friends?

Nicknames for people are invented in different ways. If your imagination is not enough, then a nickname generator will help.

For friends, middle names are chosen that are interesting and good; no one likes offensive nicknames:

Often friends are given nicknames when they have paired names. One may be called Vitalik, and the other Vital, but to distinguish them, they usually add some attribute to the name - small, tall, bald, skinny.

Important to remember, When giving funny nicknames, you need to distinguish the line between a joke and an insult. Everyone's sense of humor is different, so some will laugh, while others may be offended.

Cool and funny nicknames for guys and girls

Cool nicknames depend on the age category. For kids of primary school age, a cool nickname will be the name of a character from their favorite cartoon, but later on the priorities change.

Cool You can come up with nicknames for a guy by borrowing foreign words. This could be a name - Chuck, Mike, Nick, Serge, Maximilian (for the name Maxim).

For men, nicknames are needed more meaningfully - Flint, Jock, Beast, King of the Party.

Girls love beautiful names, so the list of nicknames for them is filled with associations with attractive appearance, figure or character:

• Kitty.
• Panther.
• Cherry.
• Raspberry (to rhyme with the name Alina).
• Princess.
• Nymph.
• Chika (rhymes with the name Vika).
• Caramel.
• Bandit.
• Witch.

Everyone's idea of ​​a cool nickname is different. It depends on the age, intelligence and social class of people.

What to do if you were called an offensive name?

Laughing nicknames often seem so only to others, and to the person to whom such a label is attached, the situation may seem stupid.

If you are called an offensive name, you must act carefully:

1. Coolness. You can’t show that the nickname has touched a nerve, otherwise they will call you that all the time. It is important not to answer with obscenities.
2. Don't respond. If you don’t show it and don’t react to the nickname, there’s a high chance that it won’t stick.
3. Laugh over lack of imagination.
4. Witty call the offender so that the hunt for inventions disappears.
5. Called you stupid? Reply that she is happy. If you heard this from your ex, then answer that until you broke up with him, you really were like that.

Note! If you like to call other people names, then be prepared that someday there will be someone who will respond wittily.

Features of beautiful and affectionate nicknames

Affectionate and cute nicknames are often given to each other by lovers. Usually people operate with a set of diminutive words - Little Bunny, Sunshine, Little Bear, Kitty, Baby, Sweetie.

Often wives and husbands use affectionate nicknames, which from the outside may seem offensive.

In fact, this is a kind of manifestation of love:

• Goosey.
• Piglet.
• Stupid.
• Lysik.
• Chuchundra.

Often a family nickname is derived from the given name. Tolya can be Tolyashka, Masha Manyunya, Sergei Sergunchik.

Fantasy People have the richest, so they come up with a wide variety of nicknames. Sometimes a person doesn’t even find arguments why he was called that.

Features of appearance, surname, set of letters or a random event - all this is a reason for a nickname.

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