Based on the text by T. Zimbuli (The problem of the perception of the world by a person in love) (Unified State Examination in Russian). Unified State Exam Russian language

Text by Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin: Incomplete..

(1) There are such remote and secluded places on our river that when you make your way through tangled forest thickets, also filled with nettles, and sit down near the water itself, you will feel as if you are in a separate world, fenced off from the rest of the earthly space. (2) At the most crude, superficial glance, this world consists of only two parts. from greenery and water... (3) The sky takes not the least part in the creation of our small world. (4) It is sometimes gray, when it is still the earliest dawn, then gray

- pink, then bright red - before the solemn emergence of the sun, then golden - blue and, finally, blue, as it should be in the midst of a clear summer day... (5) In the next moment of our attention, we will already discern that what seemed to us just greenery is not just greenery at all, but something detailed and complex. (7) And in fact, if we were to stretch an even green canvas near the water, then – now there would be wondrous beauty, then – now we would exclaim. “Earthly grace!” - looking at the smooth green canvas.

Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin is a Russian poet and writer. In his work he draws attention to the problem of perception of the surrounding world. And the second one tells in the first person about the nature of his region. He writes that one minute we see just greenery, but the next, something detailed and complex. V. A. Soloukhin writes about the absurdity of the situation; he saw only white flowers many times, he didn’t even just see them, he singled them out from all of them, but did not know their name. I knew daisies, dandelions, lilies of the valley and many other flowers, but not these. And the author believes that a person must see the entire world around him, realize that he is part of nature, and for this it is necessary to know the names of certain herbs and plants.

I agree with the author that every person should understand nature in a much greater sense, consider himself a part of it. Let’s take a look at I. S. Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons.” People cease to understand that their native and only home is nature, and it requires careful treatment. The main character of the work believes that “nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” Many people in the modern world stop appreciating nature. We don't feel like we are part of it, we are killing it by building a new world. We throw garbage, cut down trees and drive cars, polluting the world around us. In conclusion, I want to say that we should be more attentive to nature, we need to take care of it, because it has always helped us and will continue to help us if we do not completely destroy it.

Essays on topics:

1. Nature is all living things around us: fields, rivers, lakes, seas... And our whole life depends on the wealth of the earth, the health of living things...
2. The ability to formulate one’s thoughts very clearly and concisely is a distinctive feature of Fyodor Sologub’s work. He considered himself a symbolist and even...

• The beauty of nature encourages not only to admire it, but also to think about philosophical topics
• The murmur of the river, the singing of birds, the blowing of the wind - all this helps restore peace of mind
• Admiration for the beauty of nature can spark a burst of creativity and inspire the creation of masterpieces
• Even a rude person can see something positive in nature

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. The wounded Andrei Bolkonsky, lying on the battlefield, sees the sky of Austerlitz. The beauty of the sky changes his worldview: the hero understands that “everything is empty, everything is a deception.” What he lived with before seemed insignificant and insignificant to him. The beauty of nature cannot compare with the cruel, angry faces of howling people, the sound of gunshots and explosions. Napoleon, whom Prince Andrei had previously considered an idol, no longer seemed a great man, but an insignificant man. The magnificent sky of Austerlitz helped Andrei Bolkonsky understand himself and reconsider his views on life.

E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea.” In the work we see the sea as it is for the old fisherman Santiago. The sea not only provides him with food, but also brings joy to this person’s life, makes him strong, as if supplying him with energy reserves from some invisible sources. Santiago is grateful to the sea. The old man admires him like a woman. The soul of the old fisherman is beautiful: Santiago is able to admire the beauty of nature, despite the hardships of his existence.

I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. Everyone tends to perceive nature in their own way. If for the nihilist Evgeny Bazarov the world around him is a workshop, an object of practice, then for Arkady Kirsanov nature is, above all, beautiful. Arkady loved to walk in the forest. Nature attracted him, helped him achieve inner balance and heal mental wounds. The hero admired nature, although he did not admit it, because at first he also called himself a nihilist. The ability to perceive the beauty of nature is part of the character of the hero, making him a real person, capable of seeing the best in the world around him.

Jack London "Martin Eden". Many of the works of the aspiring writer Martin Eden are based on what he saw on his voyages. These are not only life stories, but also the natural world. Martin Eden tries his best to express the splendor that he saw on paper. And over time, he manages to write in such a way as to convey all the beauty of nature as it really is. It turns out that for Martin Eden, the beauty of nature becomes a source of inspiration, an object of creativity.

M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”. Callousness and selfishness towards people do not prevent Grigory Pechorin from being sensitive to nature. Everything was important to the hero’s soul: spring trees at the moment of flowering, a light gust of wind, majestic mountains. Pechorin wrote in his journal: “It’s fun to live in such a land!” He wanted to fully express the feelings that the beauty of nature evoked in him.

A.S. Pushkin “Winter Morning”. With admiration, the great poet describes the landscape of a winter day. Addressing the lyrical heroine, he writes about nature in such a way that it comes to life before the reader. The snow lies in “magnificent carpets”, the room is illuminated with an “amber shine” - everything indicates that the weather is truly wonderful. A.S. Pushkin not only felt the beauty of nature, but also conveyed it to the reader by writing this beautiful poem. The beauty of nature is one of the sources of inspiration for the poet.

* The famous Russian writer M. Prishvin in the story “Treacherous Sausage” tells about the amazing, interesting world of animals. The author believes that our four-legged pets are sometimes unusually smart and are capable of surprising us with their behavior no less than people.

* The famous Russian writer M. Prishvin, in the story “Treacherous Sausage,” argued that if there is a four-legged friend in the house, the owner is obliged to be responsible for him, to educate him in order to avoid unpleasant misunderstandings and tragedies.

*WITH. Exupery wrote: “We are responsible for those we have tamed.”

* D. Granin, in an essay about the book of the English veterinarian D. Herriot “On All Creatures - Great and Small,” admires the work of this man, who day after day heals and sometimes saves our little brothers.

The problem of human relations with animals

*In M. Moskvina’s story “Don’t Step on a Bug,” seventh-grader Zhenya learns that her classmates are killing dogs and giving them to businessmen to make hats. The girl asks: “What are people thinking about? How will they live?

* In N. Leonov’s story “Vultures,” an outwardly respectable young man destroys animals and then humans for the sake of self-affirmation...

* In the works of V. Mayakovsky there is a wonderful poem about a horse that “fell on its croup.” The poet condemns people who do not notice a fallen animal in the turmoil of the city, which looks at everything upside down and understands that no one needs it. The author feels very sorry for the horse; he convinces the reader that not only people can suffer and worry. They just forget about it for some reason.

* In the story “Ors” Y. Bondarev tells how the owners killed a dog with a shovel just because it did not protect the apples in the garden from thieves.

The problem of attitude towards learning

*The famous publicist S. Soloveichik believes that “there are two types of activities in the world: learning with pain and learning with passion.” And it is learning with passion that leads to a “happy life.”

* An irresponsible attitude towards studies is shown in “The Minor” by D. Fonvizin.

The problem of the future of the book

*The popular publicist S. Kuriu discussed in his essay “The Book and the Computer Age” whether the book will die given the development of modern information technologies. The author argued that a book is primarily a text, but in what format it is presented does not matter for the essence of the work.

* V. Soloukhin writes about the huge advantage of books over movies. The reader, in his opinion, “directs” his own film; the film director does not impose on him the appearance of the characters. Thus, reading books is a more creative process than sitting in front of a “box,” when a person is more of a consumer than a creator.

The role of books in human life

*According to the famous writer F. Iskander, “the main and constant sign of the success of a work of art is the desire to return to it, reread it and repeat the pleasure.”

*The famous writer and publicist Yu. Olesha wrote: “We read a wonderful book more than once in our lives and each time, as it were, anew, and this is the amazing fate of the authors of golden books... They are timeless.”

*M. Gorky wrote: “I owe everything good in me to books.”

* There are many examples in Russian literature of the positive influence of reading on the formation of a person’s personality. Thus, from the first part of M. Gorky’s trilogy “Childhood” we learn that books helped the hero of the work overcome the “lead abominations of life” and become human.

Based on Granin's text. Childhood rarely provides an opportunity to guess anything about a child’s future. No matter how they try...

What is the value of childhood? Why do we most often remember our childhood as we get older? How is it different from the rest of life? These and other questions arise in my mind after reading Daniil Granin’s text.

In his text, the author raises the problem of the value of childhood. The writer is sure that childhood is “an independent kingdom, a separate country, independent of the adult future.” According to the author, this is a “happy time” because “the world seemed to me to be arranged for me, I was a joy for my father and mother, there was still no sense of duty, no responsibilities.” Moreover, this is the “kingdom of freedom,” not only external, but also internal. “I lived among grass, berries, geese, ants.” Daniil Granin sums it up: “Childhood remains the main thing and gets prettier over the years.” Because it is real life, “a pure feeling of delight at one’s existence under this sky.” The problem that the author raises made me think deeply about the value of my childhood.

I agree with the opinion of the author. We remember our childhood because it was then that we were free, happy, and experienced real delight, surprise, and joy. As a child, we feel like the center of the universe and it seems to us that everything in this world is for us and for our sake. We are sincere, pure, naive. Of course, in childhood we are also unhappy, but all this remains in the past, the “charm” of that life comes to the fore. I will try to prove this by turning to fiction.

Volodya, the main character of Valentin Rasputin’s story “French Lessons,” had a difficult childhood. Post-war childhood, hungry. To study, the boy lives with a distant relative. Her son steals food that his mother gives to the boy. Volodya began to play for money, but he only wins a ruble to buy a large mug of milk, as the doctor advised. The writer writes about himself, about his difficult childhood. Of course, he remembers the bruises when the guys beat him, he remembers how difficult it was for him away from home. But these are not the main memories. He remembers the French teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, the class teacher, who treated him like a mother. She invited him home to improve his French, but how she wanted to feed him. Volodya was too proud and never touched anything. Then she decided to play with the boy for money so that he would have the opportunity to win money for milk. It didn't end well. The young teacher was fired from the school. But her kindness, her genuine desire to help him at the most difficult moment of his life, parcels with hematogen and apples will be remembered by him for the rest of his life as the most vivid and special memories. And home French lessons will become lessons of kindness and humanity for life.

But Natasha Rostova from Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace” had a carefree and happy childhood. This is truly a “separate country”, a “happy time”. Let's remember Natasha's birthday. She is in love with Boris, she so wants everyone to feel good, just as she worries about Sonya and her brother Nikolai. They keep secrets and play pranks. Natasha can do anything, because she is sure that everyone loves her, and she loves everyone. How sincerely she admires nature, her soul strives for music, how she rejoices at every little thing. “The pure feeling of delight at one’s existence under this sky.”

Thus, childhood is truly the most important time of life. This is a country independent of the adult future. A country where you are happy, carefree, open to the whole world and expect only joy and miracles from it. That’s why we value childhood so much, and over the years it becomes more and more valuable to us. Appreciate your childhood and remember it often.

The problem of perceiving childhood as a happy time. Based on Granin's text. Childhood rarely provides an opportunity to guess anything about a child’s future. No matter how they try...

Is childhood always a happy time in a person’s life? Aren't we unhappy as children? Why do we remember childhood with special warmth and tenderness? These and other questions arise in my mind after reading Daniil Granin’s text.

In his text, the author poses the problem of perceiving childhood as a happy time. He is sure that for every person childhood is “the main part of life.” This is “an independent kingdom, a separate country, independent from the adult future, from parental plans.” The writer is convinced that this is “the happiest time of life,” because it seems to us that the whole world is arranged only for us, because there is still no sense of duty or responsibilities. “I lived among grass, berries, geese, ants.” Childhood is “the kingdom of freedom, not only external, but also internal.” “There was no love, no fame, no travel - only life, a pure feeling of delight at one’s existence under this sky.” The problem that the author raises made me think deeply about my perception of childhood as a happy time.

I completely share the author's position. All bright discoveries, impressions, experiences are from childhood. My favorite landscape, which took my breath away, and it was such a pity that I was not an artist or a poet to capture the moment. Large magical strawberries with a unique aroma, which I picked every summer near the lake with my parents. And I tried to collect the most. And the taste of ice cream from childhood. So many things will never happen again. Only in memories can you relive all this again, becoming a happy, carefree, naive girl. That’s why we remember our childhood so often, even in joyless moments, I believe we also find our charm. I will try to prove this by turning to fiction.

The main character of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, remembers his childhood in a dream. He dreams of his native village of Oblomovka, where he grew up. Endless open spaces, forests, fields. A measured life, where, after working hard, everyone fell asleep in the afternoon. Where they held feasts and loved to eat delicious food. Where they didn’t close their houses and weren’t afraid that something would happen. Nothing special happened. Everything was calm and predictable. The boy was surrounded by the care and love of his parents and nannies, who foresaw all his desires and worried about him. In this life there was no need to run somewhere, negotiate something, or do something. Everything was arranged in such a way that it seemed to the boy that it would always be this way and that it should be so. As an adult, he often recalled Oblomovka and his childhood as a happy time of his life.

The main character of N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls” also recalls a childhood that can hardly be called happy. His mother died early, and his father often punished him. But all his life he remembered his father’s advice: please teachers, be friends only with the rich, try not to give anything to anyone, but make sure that they give it to you. The main advice: Pavlush will remember saving a pretty penny for the rest of his life, and will diligently implement it. Already as a child, he tried to follow his father’s orders and subordinated his life to them. His childhood can hardly be called free and carefree. But for him, these memories are the happiest time of his life, when all his plans were fulfilled, and his thoughts pictured a rich, carefree future life.

Thus, childhood for everyone is a happy time in life, where we are filled with confidence in happiness, the fulfillment of all our desires, and the belief that this whole world was created for us. Love your childhood. Remember it often, especially when it’s difficult. These memories will help you feel strong, carefree, happy again...

There are a lot of problems in the modern world. One of them is the problem of perception of the surrounding world. It is about this that the Russian writer and poet V.A. Soloukhin discusses in his text.

The author tells us about the indifference of people to everything around them in the world. “Of course, we often say that we love nature: these copses, and hills, and fontanelles... and, of course, picking a bouquet of flowers..”, however, there are few who know the names of all the birds, mushrooms, and flowers.

It is impossible to disagree with the author's position. The nature around us is an integral part of the world, which is a source of spiritual strength, inspiration and beauty. To prove the correctness of this point of view, let us turn to examples from literature.

According to V.A. Soloukhin, people often do not perceive the natural world around them as a source of creativity, beauty, and vitality.

So, in the story of V.

Astafieva “The Tsar is the Fish” Ignatyich, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it, however, in order to avoid death, he is forced to release it. The meeting with the King Fish, symbolizing the moral principle in nature, forces the hero to reconsider his ideas about life and encourages Ignatyich to change his spiritual world.

N.V. Gogol in the story “Taras Bulba” also discusses the problem of perception of the surrounding world.

The work contains a description of the beautiful Zaporozhye steppe. Seeing the beauty of wild nature, Taras Bulba and his sons forget about everything. With every moment the landscape seen became more amazing and beautiful. This picture reflects the strength of the characters’ love for their native places; it is here that the characters feel happy.

We can conclude that people often do not perceive the natural world around them as a source of creativity, beauty, and vitality.

however, it is an integral part of the world in which beauty lies.