Human origins option 2. Biology test: “Human origins” (2 options)
Test on the topic: “The origin and evolution of man.”
Option 1.
1.What kind of people does Pithecanthropus belong to?
a) ancient, b) most ancient; c) new.
2.What kind of people developed social relationships?
3.What signs does a person acquire during his life?
a) speech; b) breathing; c) thinking.
4.What kind of people is a skilled person?
a) the most ancient; b) ancient; c) new; d) to none
5. Which people were the first to master articulate speech?
a) Neanderthals; b) Cro-Magnons; c) Pithecanthropus.
6 .Which feature, unlike apes, is unique to humans?
a) labor; b) four-chamber heart; c) 4 blood groups.
7.Which of the listed factors of human evolution is social?
a) hereditary variability; b) speech; c) the struggle for existence.
8. Of the listed human ancestors, the most ancient people include:
a) Australopithecus; b) Neanderthal; c) Pithecanthropus.
9.Labor activity provided:
a) upright posture; b) consolidation of members of society; c) arch of the foot.
10.What is the significance of the dark skin of indigenous Africans?
a) protection against overheating; b) camouflage; c) protection from ultraviolet rays.
1. The first people appeared on Earth more than 2 million years ago.
2.Modern apes descended from Parapithecus, just like humans.
3. Ancient people, compared to the most ancient people, represent a more progressive type of person.
4.Pithecanthropus belongs to the most ancient people.
5. Apes, like humans, have 46 chromosomes.
Option 2.
1. How do humans differ from apes?
a) 4 blood groups; b) the presence of mammary glands; c) the ability to speak.
2.Which factor in human evolution is considered a biological factor?
a) labor; b) thinking; c) isolation.
3. Social factors of human evolution include:
a) mutations; b) speech; c) natural selection.
4. The social way of life of human ancestors contributed to:
a) upright walking; b) the appearance of speech; c) freeing your hands.
5. Which of the human ancestors belong to the ancient people?
a) Cro-Magnons; b) Neanderthals; c) Pithecanthropus.
6. The difference between humans and apes is manifested in the presence of:
a) 4 blood groups; b) nails; c) S-shaped spine.
7.Human upright walking led to the appearance of:
a) speech; b) arch of the foot; c) thinking.
8.The first modern people include:
a) Cro-Magnons; b) Pithecanthropus; c) Neanderthals.
9. Which of the human ancestors had a brain volume of 1600 cubic cm. and the chin protuberance was clearly visible on the lower jaw?
a) Cro-Magnon; b) Neanderthal; c) Pithecanthropus.
10.What is the significance of the narrow, protruding nose of the native Europeans?
a) to warm the inhaled air; b) for beauty;
c) to cool the inhaled air.
IN 1. Choose the correct judgments:
1. Neanderthals lived during the Great Glaciation.
2. Australopithecines were a transitional link from animals to humans.
3. Social relationships already arose among Pithecanthropus.
4.Neanderthals are ancient people.
5. Speech appeared earlier than society.
Option 1
1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d, 5-b, 6-a, 7-b, 8-c, 9-b, 10-c
Option 2
1-c, 2-c, 3-b, 4-b, 5-b, 6-c, 7-b, 8-a, 9-a, 10-a
“The Origin of Man (5 hours) Lesson 4 (21) Topic: KOU No. 2 on the topic “The Origin of Man” answers Test No. 4 on the topic “The Origin of Man” ...”
Origins of Man (5 hours)
Topic: COE No. 2 on the topic “Human Origins”
Test No. 4 on the topic “Human Origins” - 1 option.
ny answer.
1.Name the scientist who was the first to determine the systematic position
tion of man and placed him in the group of primates along with prosimians and monkeys.
2. One of the proofs of the origin of man from animals is
the presence of rudiments in people. Indicate a sign in a person that is
a rudiment.
a) coccyx b) tail c) multiple nipples d) highly developed fangs e) cloaca, which forms in the embryo
3. The ape-like ancestors of humans had a number of features that later
were considered a prerequisite for human evolution; based on these features
Thus, specific human traits were formed. Find these special
features among the answers and indicate the feature that is such a feature
is not.
a) transmitting information using sounds
b) eyes located nearby and directed forward
c) manipulative activity (activity with objects)
d) well-developed brow ridges
d) caring for offspring
f) long duration of developmental stages preceding the onset of puberty
4. Is such an evolutionary process currently active in human populations?
a factor like the struggle for existence?
a) yes b) no
5.Name the form (method, path) of biological progress, through
which in the course of evolution in humans formed such characteristics,
such as upright walking, speech and abstract thinking.
6. Among the features characteristic only of humans, indicate the one that
formed among human ancestors during evolution earlier than others.
a) speech b) upright walking c) abstract thinking d) consciousness
7. A person has a number of distinctive features that make him significant
but different from the great apes. Find them among the answers and
indicate a sign that is present not only in humans, but also in humans
man-shaped monkeys.
a) the cerebral cortex of the forebrain has convolutions
b) S – shaped spine (4 bends)
c) abstract thinking e) consciousness
d) chin protuberance e) tool making
8.Name the form (method, path) of biological progress, through
which, in the course of evolution, representatives of the Mongoloid race formed
The following signs were observed: large flat face, narrow cut
eyes, coarse straight hair, dark skin color, enlarged crescent
a fold in the corner of the eyes.
a) aromorphosis b) degeneration c) idioadaptation
9.A person has signs associated with upright walking. Name
one such sign.
a) chin protuberance
b) significant predominance of the cerebral part of the skull over the facial part; c) displacement of the occipital foramen of the skull to the center of gravity of the skull
d) poor development of the brow ridges
10.During the course of evolution, human ancestors developed structural features
associated with their use of fire, animal food and its thermal
some processing. Name one of these structural features.
a) powerful chewing muscles c) mobile muscular tongue
b) small lower jaw d) well-developed parietal ridges
11. One of the proofs of the origin of man from animals is the presence in people of characteristics that are a manifestation of the law of homology.
certain series of hereditary variability. Indicate the answer in which
such signs are listed.
a) the presence of cervical and lumbar ribs, multiple nipples, excessive
developed fangs
b) hemophilia, dwarfism, non-union of the two halves of the upper lip
c) seven cervical vertebrae, four-chambered heart, hair
d) arched foot, chin protuberance, S - shaped bend of the spine
e) gill slits and tubular heart in the embryo
12.Name the animals that were the immediate ancestors common to humans and modern apes.
a) lemurs b) dryopithecines c) australopithecines d) ramapithecus
13. Among the structural features characteristic only of humans, indicate -
those that were formed among human ancestors during evolution
later than the others.
a) arched foot c) S – shaped curve of the spine
b) mental protuberance d) the occipital foramen of the skull is displaced
to the center of gravity of the skull
14. Apes have structural features associated with an arboreal lifestyle. Find these features among the answers and
indicate a feature that is not such a feature.
a) well-developed collarbones; d) eyes located in the same plane;
b) herd lifestyle, three-dimensional vision
c) tail e) the first finger is assigned to the rest
15.Name the reason for the shortening of the intestines in human ancestors.
a) increase in body size d) use of heat treatment
b) transition to upright posture from animal food
c) creation of tools e) differentiation of teeth
16.The evolution of the human ability to learn has entailed a number of
which change is not.
a) decreased rate of brain development
b) pelvic expansion in women
c) displacement of the occipital foramen of the skull closer to the center of gravity of the skull
d) increasing the duration of stages of individual development,
d) obstructed labor
1. Reduction of the caudal region. A.Type Chordates
2. The circulatory system is closed,
heart on the ventral side. B. Subtype Vertebrates
3. Neural tube on the dorsal column
the area of the embryo. B.Class Mammals
4. Intrauterine development of the fetus. D. Subclass Placental 5. Well developed clavicles D. Order Primates
6. Heart 4 – chambered. E. Family Hominid
Answer:
2.What signs are characteristic of Cro-Magnons? (Choose three correct answers out of six. Write the answers in alphabetical order).
A. Brain volume is about 1400 cm3
B. They made weapons from flint, horn, and bone, and built dwellings.
B. They mined and used fire.
D. Had rudimentary speech.
D. Sloping forehead
E. Art is developed.
human evolution from ancient to modern forms.
A. Pithecanthropus
B. A skilled person
V. Cro-Magnon
G. Australopithecus
D. Neanderthal
Test No. 4 on the topic “Human Origins” - option 2.
Rear 1 Answer the questions given, choose only one correct
ny answer.
1.Name the form (method, path) of biological progress through which, during evolution, representatives of the Caucasian race formed
The following signs were observed: narrow face, narrow and strongly protruding
nose, soft hair, light or dark skin color, thin lips,
curled hair on the face and body.
a) aromorphosis b) degeneration c) idioadaptation
2. The person has signs associated with upright walking. Name
one of these signs.
a) arched foot d) small brow ridges
b) fused sacral vertebrae e) opposed greater
c) well-developed collarbones, fingers
3. A person has a number of characteristics in which he differs significantly
from great apes. Find them among the answers and indicate the sign
which is present not only in humans, but also in apes.
a) flat chest
b) extended first finger of the upper (fore) limb
c) powerful development of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes of the large cortex
cerebral hemispheres
d) arched foot e) wide pelvis
4. Is this function naturally preserved in human populations?
th selection, how to maintain hereditary diversity?
a) yes b) no
5. The distant ancestors of modern man did not use fire and ate mainly plant foods. In this regard, they had some
other structural features. Find these features among the answers
and indicate a feature that does not apply to such features.
a) powerful chewing muscles d) developed chin protuberance
b) developed cecum e) developed parietal ridges
c) massive lower jaw
6.Name the stage of human formation at which the separation occurred
delation of human races.
a) Australopithecus c) Neanderthals
b) Pithecanthropus, Sinanthropus d) Cro-Magnons
7.Name the scientist who claimed that man descended from monkeys -
similar ancestors who moved from climbing trees to walking
on the ground; outlined the main prerequisites for human evolution and development
worked out the first theory of the origin of man.
a) C. Linnaeus b) J.-B. Lamarck c) C. Darwin
8. In humans, there are developmental anomalies similar to the signs characteristic of
thorns for his distant ancestors: cleft palate (cleft palate)
the formation of cervical and lumbar ribs, the formation of only one auditory ossicle in the middle ear, etc. What is the term for each
is this an anomaly?
a) aromorphosis c) atavism e) modification
b) degeneration d) rudiment
9.Name one of the features of the ape-like ancestors of humans, which
which served as a prerequisite for human evolution; based on these
characteristics, specific human traits were formed.
a) differentiated teeth d) mammary glands
b) massive lower jaw
c) opposable first digit of the forelimb
10. Among the features characteristic only of humans, indicate the one that
formed among human ancestors during evolution later than the others.
a) speech b) upright walking c) abstract thinking
11.During the course of evolution, human ancestors developed features
associated with the use of fire, animal food and its thermal
processing. Name one of these features.
a) mobile fleshy lips d) developed chin protuberance
b) absence of the parietal crest e) developed cecum
c) differentiated teeth
12. There is several evidence that representatives of different human races belong to the same biological species Homo sapiens. Find them among the answers and indicate a feature whose existence is not such proof.
a) their cells contain 46 chromosomes that have the same structure and
identical sets of genes
b) have the same basic biochemical parameters, including
protein composition, concentration of biologically active substances, etc.
c) distinctive features characteristic of representatives of each race have adaptive significance in appropriate conditions
a habitat
d) marriages between representatives of different races produce fertile offspring
d) have a chin protuberance, arched foot, S-shaped bend
spine, have articulate speech, abstract muscle-
laziness and consciousness
f) create tools, have a developed culture, are organized in high
highly developed social structure - human society
13.Name the order of mammals, the ancient representatives of which gave
the beginning of the order of primates, which includes humans.
a) rodents b) insectivores c) equids
b) carnivorous d) incompletely edentate
14. The evolution of the human ability to learn has entailed a number of
specific changes in the structure and development of his body. Nay-
list these changes among the answers and indicate the feature that
which change is not.
a) difficult labor
b) increasing the duration of stages of individual development,
preceding the onset of maturity
c) decreased rate of brain development
d) expansion of the pelvis in a woman
e) displacement of the occipital foramen of the skull closer to the center of gravity of the skull
15. There are signs indicating that the creatures whom
belong to the species Homo habilis, walked on two legs,
using hands to defend against enemies, obtain food and make
primitive tools. Find them among the answers and indicate a fact that is not such evidence.
a) the left half of the brain is better developed than the right b) the phalanges of the fingers are flattened
c) the first toe is not pointed to the side
d) the first finger of the hand is moved to the side
d) the first toe is very large
16.Name the reason for the disappearance of the parietal crest among human ancestors.
a) an increase in the volume of the brain and the cerebral part of the skull
b) decrease in mass of masticatory muscles
c) speech formation
d) formation of the chin protuberance
e) transition to upright posture. 2
1. Establish a correspondence between a trait and a taxonomic unit.
Character Taxonomic unit
1. Intestinal tube under the notochord, gill slits in the pharynx. A.Type Chordates
2. Four blood groups according to the system
ABO B. Subtype Vertebrates
3. Two pairs of limbs. B.Class Mammals
4. Intrauterine development of the fetus. D. Subclass Placental 5. Primary and permanent teeth E. Order Primates
6. Differentiated dental system
subject. E. Family Hominid
Answer:
2.What signs are characteristic of Pithecanthropus. (Choose three correct answers out of six. Write the answers in alphabetical order). A. Brain volume 450 – 550 cm3
B. They used and knew how to maintain a fire.
B. They made cutting and piercing tools from pebbles.
D. They did not have a chin protrusion.
D. They didn’t use fire.
E. Very sloping forehead.
3. Establish the expected sequence of the main stages of evolution
human evolution from ancient to modern forms.
A. Cro-Magnon
B. Australopithecus
V. Neanderthal
G. Pithecanthropus
D. A skilled person
Result of work: “5” - 30 – 28 points
“4” - 27 – 22 points
“3” - 21 – 16 points
“2” - 15 points or less
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Option 1
1. Evidence of the origin of humans from animals includes
A) increased metabolism; b) the presence of a developed sense of smell and touch;
B) enlargement of the facial part of the skull; d) similarity in the development of their embryos.
2. Racial theory denies:
A) morphological unity of races; b) genetic unity of human races;
C) the similarity of humans with apes;
D) human belonging to the order of primates.
3. Which of the following characteristics is unique to humans:
A) the presence of a four-chambered heart; b) developed consciousness, abstract
Thinking; c) eating plant and animal foods;
D) the thumb is opposed to all the others.
4. Formation of bends in the spine in humans during the process of evolution
Connected:
A) with expansion of the chest; b) with increased development of the lungs;
C) with the need to protect the spinal cord.
5. Social factors of human evolution include:
A) writing and art; b) heredity and variability;
B) natural selection; d) the struggle for existence.
6. Upright walking is considered an important anthropomorphosis in human evolution, so
How it contributed:
A) faster movement on the ground; b) closer communication
Human ancestors; c) development of new territories and their settlement;
D) freeing hands and developing work activity.
7. Social factors of human evolution do not include:
A) abstract thinking; b) struggle for existence; c) public labor
Activity; d) articulate speech and writing.
8. What serves as proof of the relationship between humans and animals:
A) their wide distribution in all habitats;
B) complication of the nervous system in the process of evolution; c) the presence of various systems
Organs; c) paleontological finds of ancient people.
IN 1. Which of the following characteristics characterize social factors of evolution?
Human
1) social way of life
2) the ability to acquire traits by inheritance
3) abstract thinking and speech
4) joint work activity
5) modification variability
6) natural selection and care for offspring
AT 2. Under the influence of biological factors in humans
1) articulate speech appeared
2) abstract thinking has formed
3) wisdom teeth have developed
4) changes have appeared that determine the color of hair and eyes
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the factor of human evolution and its species.
Evolution factor Type of factor
A) struggle for existence 1) biological
B) hereditary variability 2) social
B) social work activity
D) developed consciousness
D) natural selection
E) articulate speech
Test work “Descent of Man”
Option 2
Part 1. For each of the tasks, four answer options are given, of which one is correct.
- The origin of man from animals is evidenced by:
a) breathing with the lungs; b) four-chambered heart;
c) the presence of rudiments and atavisms in humans; d) they have a notochord and a neural tube
2. The unity and kinship of human races is evidenced by:
A) their distribution throughout the globe; b) the same set of chromosomes, their similarity
buildings; c) adaptability to life in different climatic conditions;
D) the ability to transform the environment.
3. In humans, unlike apes, the following has developed:
A) articulate speech; b) rational activity; c) caring for offspring;
D) the ability to transmit traits by inheritance.
4. In the skeleton of great apes, in contrast to the human skeleton:
A) the cerebral part of the skull predominates over the facial part; b) seven cervical vertebrae;
B) chest expanded to the sides; d) there is no arched foot.
5. Which of these signs is associated with the manifestation of human social nature?
A) formation of conditioned reflexes; b) communicating with each other via the Internet;
C) the ability to transmit acquired characteristics by inheritance;
D) the presence of a hearing center.
6. Indicate the biological factor of anthropogenesis:
A) articulate speech; b) social way of life; c) work activity;
D) hereditary variability.
7. Social factors of human evolution include:
A) settlement of new territories; b) development of the brain part of the skull;
C) using the experience of previous generations;
D) the struggle for existence and natural selection.
8. In the process of anthropogenesis, articulate speech first appeared:
A) Cro-Magnons; b) among Neanderthals; c) in Pithecanthropus; d) in Australopithecus.
Part 2. Choose three correct answers out of six.
IN 1. The biological factors of human evolution include:
1) work activity
2) struggle for existence
3) communication through oral and written speech
4) hereditary variability
5) social lifestyle
6) natural selection
AT 2. Humans, unlike apes, have:
1) arched foot
2) S-shaped spine
3) four blood groups
4) four-chambered heart
5) abstract thinking
6) pulmonary breathing
AT 3. Match the example of evidence for human evolution with the group
Evidence to which it belongs:
Example Group of evidence
A) thick hair on the body 1) comparative anatomical
B) fossil finds of ancient people 2) paleontological
C) finds of tools made by Pithecanthropus
D) fold of the nictitating membrane
D) cases of birth of a person with a large number of nipples.
Option #1
What class does the person belong to?
a) primates b) mammals
b) chordates d) vertebrates
The most ancient human ancestors are...
a) Cro-Magnons c) Pithecanthropus
b) Neanderthals d) Australopithecus
The species characteristics of humans include...
a) 46 chromosomes c) differentiation of teeth
b) viviparity d) presence of mammary glands
Under the letter “A” in the figure is...
a) trachea
b) liver
in heart
d) diaphragm
d) stomach
g) lung
Brain volume up to 500-600 cm 3. High eyebrows and absence of a chin protrusion. They couldn't speak. They lived in groups, females took care of children, males obtained food. Who fits this description?
Man belongs to the class of mammals because he...
a) fingers have nail plates
b) the brain has 5 sections
c) the internal skeleton is formed, the basis of which is the spine
d) there is a diaphragm and mammary glands
What letter represents an illustration of human atavism?
The characteristic of the chordate phylum is...
a) pulmonary breathing
b) formation of the neural tube above the notochord
c) closed circulatory system
d) the presence of a diaphragm
Representatives of the class of mammals are characterized by...
a) formation of the notochord in the early stages of embryonic development
b) closed circulatory system
c) the presence of a diaphragm separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
d) flat fingernails
The chin protrusion has received some development. The left side of the brain was slightly larger than the right, that is, brain asymmetry appeared. They were skilled stonemasons. They used fire skillfully. They were engaged in hunting and gathering. They used clothes made from animal skins. Who fits this description?
a) Pithecanthropus c) Australopithecus
b) Neanderthals d) Cro-Magnons
Topic 2. Origin of man
Read the assignment carefully. Think over the answer and find it among the proposed options. Write the corresponding letter in the answer matrix, which must be drawn in your test notebook.
Option No. 2
What type is the person?
a) chordates b) vertebrates
b) primates d) mammals
How many species of humans exist on Earth at present?
What characteristics are not passed on from ancestors to offspring?
a) skin color b) instincts
b) conditioned reflexes d) eye shape and color
Under the letter “B” in the figure is...
a) trachea
b) liver
in heart
d) diaphragm
d) stomach
g) lung
5. Brain volume - 1100 cm 3. Many primitive features have been preserved: powerful brow ridges, heavy massive jaw. Lead an active lifestyle. They made primitive tools and were ferocious hunters. Who fits this description?
a) Australopithecus c) Neanderthals
b) Pithecanthropus d) Cro-Magnons
6. Which group does the person belong to?
a) insectivores c) rodents
b) carnivores d) primates
Which of the following refers to human atavisms?
a) third eyelid c) auricle with Darwinian tubercle
b) presence of a tail d) ability to move ears
8. What letter represents the illustration of a human vestige?
9. Which human organs are vestigial?
a) multi-nipple
b) heavy hair growth throughout the body
c) appendix - an extension of the cecum
d) tailedness
Brain volume up to 1800 cm 3. High forehead, absence of brow ridges and well-developed chin protuberance. The frontal and temporal lobes have reached their final development. They made a variety of tools from stone, bone, and horn. They knew how to drill and polish their products. The arts received development: painting and sculpture. They were skilled hunters.
a) Neanderthals c) Australopithecus
b) Cro-Magnons d) Pithecanthropus
CHECKING AND EVALUATING
Response codes
Topic 2. Origin of man
Option #1
Option No. 2
Today, there are different versions of the origin of man on Earth. These are scientific theories, alternative, and apocalyptic. Many people believe themselves to be descendants of angels or divine powers, contrary to convincing evidence from scientists and archaeologists. Authoritative historians reject this theory as mythology, preferring other versions.
General concepts
For a long time, man has been the subject of study of the sciences of spirit and nature. There is still a dialogue and exchange of information between sociology and natural science about the problem of being. At the moment, scientists have given a specific definition to man. This is a biosocial creature that combines intelligence and instincts. It should be noted that not only one person in the world is such a creature. A similar definition can be applied, with a stretch, to some representatives of the fauna on Earth. Modern science clearly separates biology and leading research institutes around the world are searching for the boundary between these components. This field of science is called sociobiology. She looks deep into the essence of a person, revealing his natural and humanitarian characteristics and preferences.
A holistic view of society is impossible without drawing on data from its social philosophy. Today, man is a creature that is interdisciplinary in nature. However, many people around the world are concerned about another question - its origin. Scientists and religious scholars on the planet have been trying to answer this question for thousands of years.
Human Origins: An Introduction
The question of the emergence of intelligent life beyond the Earth attracts the attention of leading scientists in various specialties. Some people agree that the origins of man and society are not worthy of study. Basically, this is the opinion of those who sincerely believe in supernatural forces. Based on this view of the origin of man, the individual was created by God. This version has been refuted by scientists for decades in a row. Regardless of which category of citizens each person considers himself to be, in any case, this question will always excite and intrigue. Recently, modern philosophers have begun to ask themselves and those around them: “Why were people created, and what is their purpose for being on Earth?” The answer to the second question will never be found. As for the appearance of intelligent creatures on the planet, it is quite possible to study this process. Today, the main theories of human origins are trying to answer this question, but none of them can provide a 100 percent guarantee of the correctness of their judgments. Currently, archaeological scientists and astrologers around the world are exploring various sources of the origin of life on the planet, be they chemical, biological or morphological. Unfortunately, at the moment, humanity has not even been able to determine in which century BC the first people appeared.
Darwin's theory
Currently, there are different versions of the origin of man. However, the most probable and closest to the truth is the theory of a British scientist named Charles Darwin. It was he who made an invaluable contribution to His theory is based on the definition of natural selection, which plays the role of the driving force of evolution. This is a natural scientific version of the origin of man and all life on the planet.
The foundation of Darwin's theory was formed by his observations of nature while traveling around the world. Development of the project began in 1837 and lasted more than 20 years. At the end of the 19th century, the Englishman was supported by another natural scientist, A. Wallace. Soon after his report in London, he admitted that it was Charles who inspired him. This is how a whole movement appeared - Darwinism. Followers of this movement agree that all types of fauna and flora on Earth are changeable and come from other, pre-existing species. Thus, the theory is based on the impermanence of all living things in nature. The reason for this is natural selection. Only the strongest forms survive on the planet, those that are able to adapt to current environmental conditions. Man is just such a creature. Thanks to evolution and the desire to survive, people began to develop their skills and knowledge.
Intervention theory
This version of human origins is based on the activities of foreign civilizations. It is believed that people are descendants of alien creatures that landed on Earth millions of years ago. This story of human origins has several endings. According to some, people appeared as a result of crossing aliens with their ancestors. Others believe that genetic engineering of higher forms of intelligence, which bred homo sapiens from the flask and their own DNA, is to blame. Some people are sure that humans arose as a result of an error in animal experiments.
On the other hand, a very interesting and probable version is about alien intervention in the evolutionary development of homo sapiens. It is no secret that archaeologists still find in various parts of the planet numerous drawings, records and other evidence that ancient people were helped by some kind of supernatural forces. This also applies to the Mayan Indians, who were allegedly enlightened by extraterrestrial creatures with wings on strange celestial chariots. There is also a theory that the entire life of humanity from origin to the peak of evolution proceeds according to a long-prescribed program laid down by an alien intelligence. There are also alternative versions about the relocation of earthlings from planets of such systems and constellations as Sirius, Scorpio, Libra, etc.
Evolutionary theory
Followers of this version believe that the appearance of humans on Earth is associated with the modification of primates. This theory is by far the most widespread and discussed. Based on it, humans descended from certain species of monkeys. Evolution began in time immemorial under the influence of natural selection and other external factors. The theory of evolution indeed has a number of interesting proofs and evidence, both archaeological, paleontological, genetic and psychological. On the other hand, each of these statements can be interpreted differently. The ambiguity of the facts is what does not make this version 100% correct.
Theory of creation
This branch is called “creationism”. His followers deny all major theories of human origins. It is believed that people were created by God, who is the highest level in the world. Man was created in his image from non-biological material.
The biblical version of the theory states that the first people were Adam and Eve. God created them from clay. In Egypt and many other countries, religion goes deep into ancient myths. The vast majority of skeptics consider this theory impossible, estimating its probability at billionths of a percent. The version of the creation of all living things by God does not require proof, it simply exists and has the right to do so. In support of this, we can cite similar examples from legends and myths of peoples from different parts of the Earth. These parallels cannot be ignored.
Theory of space anomalies
This is one of the most controversial and fantastic versions of anthropogenesis. Followers of the theory consider the appearance of man on Earth to be an accident. In their opinion, people became the fruit of an anomaly of parallel spaces. The forefathers of earthlings were representatives of the humanoid civilization, which are a mixture of Matter, Aura and Energy. The anomaly theory suggests that there are millions of planets in the Universe with similar biospheres that were created by a single information substance. Under favorable conditions, this leads to the emergence of life, that is, the humanoid mind. Otherwise, this theory is in many ways similar to the evolutionary one, with the exception of the statement about a certain program for the development of mankind.
Aquatic theory
This version of the origin of man on Earth is almost 100 years old. In the 1920s, the aquatic theory was first proposed by a famous marine biologist named Alistair Hardy, who was later supported by another respected scientist, the German Max Westenhoffer.
The version is based on the dominant factor that forced the great apes to reach a new stage of development. This is what forced the monkeys to exchange their aquatic lifestyle for land. This is how the hypothesis explains the lack of thick hair on the body. Thus, at the first stage of evolution, man moved from the hydropithecus stage, which appeared more than 12 million years ago, to homo erectus, and then sapiens. Today this version is practically not considered in science.
Alternative theories
One of the most fabulous versions of the origin of man on the planet is that the descendants of people were certain chiropteran creatures. In some religions they are called angels. It was these creatures that inhabited the entire Earth from time immemorial. Their appearance was similar to a harpy (a mixture of a bird and a human). The existence of such creatures is supported by numerous cave paintings. There is another theory according to which people in the early stages of development were real giants. According to some legends, such a giant was half-man, half-god, since one of their parents was an angel. Over time, higher powers stopped descending to Earth, and the giants disappeared.
Ancient myths
There are a huge number of legends and tales about the origin of man. In Ancient Greece, they believed that the ancestors of people were Deucalion and Pyrrha, who, by the will of the gods, survived the flood and created a new race from stone statues. The ancient Chinese believed that the first man was formless and came out of a clay ball.
The creator of people is the goddess Nuiva. She was a human and a dragon rolled into one. According to Turkish legend, people came out of the Black Mountain. In her cave there was a hole that resembled the appearance of a human body. Jets of rain washed clay into it. When the form was filled and warmed by the sun, the first man came out of it. His name is Ai-Atam. Myths about the origins of man from the Sioux Indians say that humans were created by the Rabbit Universe. The divine creature found a blood clot and began to play with it. Soon he began to roll on the ground and turned into intestines. Then a heart and other organs appeared on the blood clot. As a result, the rabbit produced a full-fledged boy - the ancestor of the Sioux. According to ancient Mexicans, God created the image of man from pottery clay. But due to the fact that he overcooked the workpiece in the oven, the man turned out burnt, that is, black. Subsequent attempts got better over and over again, and people came out whiter. The Mongolian legend is one to one similar to the Turkish one. Man emerged from a clay mold. The only difference is that the hole was dug by God himself.
Stages of evolution
Despite the versions of the origin of man, all scientists agree that the stages of his development were identical. The first upright prototypes of people were Australopithecines, who communicated with each other using their hands and were no taller than 130 cm. The next stage of evolution produced Pithecanthropus. These creatures already knew how to use fire and adapt nature to their own needs (stones, skin, bones). Further, human evolution reached the paleoanthropus. At this time, the prototypes of people could already communicate with sounds and think collectively. The last stage of evolution before the appearance of neoanthropes. Outwardly, they were practically no different from modern people. They made tools, united into tribes, elected leaders, organized voting and rituals.
The ancestral home of humanity
Despite the fact that scientists and historians around the world are still arguing about theories of the origin of people, the exact place where the mind originated has still been established. This is the African continent. Many archaeologists believe that it is possible to narrow the location to the northeastern part of the mainland, although there is an opinion that the southern half dominates in this matter. On the other hand, there are people who are sure that humanity appeared in Asia (in India and adjacent countries). Conclusions that the first people inhabited Africa were made after numerous finds as a result of large-scale excavations. It is noted that at that time there were several types of human prototypes (races).
The strangest archaeological finds
Among the most interesting artifacts that can influence the idea of what the origin and development of man actually was were the skulls of ancient people with horns. Archaeological research was carried out in the Gobi Desert by a Belgian expedition in the mid-20th century.
On the former territory, images of flying people and objects heading to Earth from outside the solar system were repeatedly found. Several other ancient tribes have similar drawings. In 1927, as a result of excavations in the Caribbean Sea, a strange transparent skull similar to a crystal one was found. Numerous studies have not revealed the technology and material of manufacture. Descendants claim that their ancestors worshiped this skull as if it were a supreme deity.
