Lesson plan for the world around us (3rd grade) on the topic: How our distant ancestors lived. Old Russian village

Open lesson on the world around us

Lesson topic:"How our distant ancestors lived."

Goals:
- create conditions for students to form an idea about the life of the ancient Slavs, their appearance, life and activities;
- promote the development of attention, thinking, speech; develop an interest in the history of your people.

Planned learning outcome
To form in students an idea of ​​the life of the ancient Slavs.
Cognitive UUD:
. develop the ability to read and answer questions about the text;
. formation of the ability to construct a speech utterance orally.
Communicative UUD.
. take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate different positions in cooperation;
. formulate your own opinion and position;
. negotiate and come to a common decision in joint activities, including in situations of conflict of interests; build a monologue statement, master the dialogical form of speech.
Personal UUD.
. Self-assessment abilities based on criteria for the success of educational activities.
Regulatory UUD:
. develop the ability to independently identify and formulate the cognitive purpose of the entire lesson and a separate task;
. to develop the ability to control the process and results of one’s activities, including the implementation of anticipatory control in collaboration with the teacher and peers.

Lesson type: learning new material
Forms and methods of work: frontal, group, partial search.
Stage 1.
Org moment. Emotional mood and motivation
(2 minutes.)
- We got up. We caught up. Guys, today there are guests at our lesson, turn around and greet them (nod your head). Turn to me, get ready for work, sit down quietly.
- Today in class you work in groups. Leaders whom you have chosen in advance are responsible for the coordinated work of the group.
Stand up, we'll look at you. For active work in the lesson, the group will receive tokens. At the end of the lesson, the leaders will evaluate the work of each group member, and we will summarize the work of each group.
- I would like to start the lesson with the words “Knowledge is a stepping stone to wisdom.”
- How do you understand the meaning of this expression?
- At the end of the lesson we will return to this statement, and maybe you will add something else.

Children's answers: (When you know a lot, you become smarter, wiser, give the right advice, try to think through your thoughts, decisions, try not to make mistakes, learn from them, etc.)

Stage 2.
Updating of reference knowledge
(4 min.) A) Checking homework (front work)
- What was the homework assignment?
(Using the story plan about the steppe, write a story about the mixed forest zone).
(Children’s stories for each point of the plan. Generalization, conclusion)
1. The strip of mixed forests in Europe begins in the east near the Middle Urals and then goes to the west, expanding to the north and south. Plain, abundance of rivers.
2. The forest zone is located in a temperate climate zone; all 4 seasons are well expressed here. Different parts of the temperate zone have different amounts of heat and moisture. The forest zone is characterized by heavy rainfall. Frequent rains wash away nutrients from the soil, it becomes the color of ash and is called podzolic.
3. The flora is diverse...
4. The animal world is diverse...

1. Geographical location
2. Climate and soils.
3. Flora
4. Animal world.
5. People's occupations.

Stage 3.
Statement of educational problem, planning

4 minutes - What do you know about the life of people in this natural area. How did you find out about this?
- What do you call people who live at the same time as us? (Contemporaries)
- Who knows what the people who lived before us, before us, on our territory are called? (Ancestors)
- What do you know about the life of our distant ancestors?
(Think, do you know so well about the life of our ancestors? Why? (Did they live a very long time ago?)
Raise your hand, who would like to know about the life of our distant ancestors?
- Maybe you have already guessed the topic of our lesson today?
- Let's check our assumption. Open the textbook to page 139. Read the title of the lesson topic.
“HOW OUR DISTANT ANCESTORS LIVED”
- Did our assumption coincide?
- What would you like to know about the life of our distant ancestors?
- Why do you think we need to know how our ancestors lived?
- Remember what sources people get information from? (Internet, books, magazines, newspapers, scientists...).
- What is the name of the science that studies the lives of people in the distant past...
- Today in class we will try to find answers to the questions:
WHO WERE OUR ANCESTORS?
WHERE THEY LIVED?
WHAT DID YOU DO?
HOW DID YOU MANAGE YOUR FARM?
Using the environment textbook, geographic and historical maps, cards with additional information and drawings.
Leading dialogue, reference to the child’s life experience
Formulation of the lesson topic.
Motivation, encouragement to search

Stage 4.
Discovery of new knowledge

(15 minutes min.) The first group will look for the answer to the 1st question
The second group will look for the answer to the 2nd question
The third group will look for the answer to the 3rd question
The fourth group will look for the answer to the 4th question
In front of you is envelope No. 1, indicating what questions you should find answers to and where to find information on the question. Your task is to prepare a message and present it to the class. The group leader will determine the speaker. They cooperate in solving educational problems.

Practical activities of students - work with the text of the textbook, cards, pictures, maps.

Stage 5.
Application of new knowledge. Primary consolidation

WHO WERE OUR ANCESTORS? (Answer questions according to plan)
1. Talk about the meaning of the word “Slavs”.
2. Appearance of the Slavs.
3. Character traits.
4. Were people believers (give an example)
5. Were you courageous?

CARD #1. Information about the Slavs:
There is an ancient explanation for the origin of the word “Slavs”. The Slavs are “famous”, glorious, proud people, famous both for their exploits and for the glory of their valiant ancestors.
According to the descriptions of foreigners, the Slavs were tall people, beautiful and stately. They usually had brown hair, gray or blue eyes, and a blush on their cheeks.
The Slavs were known for their honesty and loyalty to their word. Not keeping a promise was the same as breaking an oath. If a person ceased to be the master of the word, universal contempt, shame, and even humiliating expulsion awaited him: people no longer wanted to live with him, because he had forgotten about his honor and tarnished his name. Our ancestors were deeply religious people. The very first diaper for a newborn boy was the father's shirt, and for the girl - the mother's shirt. Our ancestors believed that parental clothing should protect the child from the “evil eye” and illnesses. For the same reason, clothes were sewn for an older child from the old clothes of his parents. Among other nations, our ancestors were famous for their strength, endurance and courage. Their glory was so great that our illustrious ancestors, heroic warriors, were often drawn into wars as allies; they never attacked first, they always defended their lands.

WHERE THEY LIVED?
1. In what climate zone did the Slavs live?
2. Show on a historical map the place of the first appearance of the ancient Slavs.
3. Tell what the village of the ancient Slavs looked like.
4. Why did they settle along the banks of rivers?

1. Textbook p. 139 (paragraphs 1 and 2), historical map. Picture.
2. Card:
In those ancient times, our Motherland was completely different from what it is now. The territory of the European part of the country was almost entirely covered with forests. Where there are now vast fields and crowded cities, then only swamps could be seen. Only along wide, full-flowing rivers was it possible to sail through the forest thickets. Rivers served as roads that connected the Slavs with other peoples. The time was restless, residents of neighboring villages often fought among themselves, so the Slavs usually settled in places surrounded by steep slopes, deep ravines or water. They dug deep holes around their settlements and erected a palisade. To do this, they cut down the tree, cut off the branches, trimmed it, sharpened it, and then burned it on fire. The logs had to be burned smoothly and dug deep so that they fit snugly together. Therefore, such a fence was called a palisade. She was strong and stood for a long time.

WHAT DID YOU DO?
Textbook p. 139 (3 paragraph), p. 140 (1 paragraph)
HOW DID YOU MANAGE YOUR FARM? Textbook p. 140 (2nd paragraph). Card. Picture.
1. How we lived.
2. What the hut looked like.
3. What were the dishes made of?
...In the houses of the Slavs, the floor was a meter deep into the ground, the walls were made of thin tree trunks - poles. The roof is also made of poles, and there is a thick layer of straw on it. Inside the house it was always cool, dark and damp. The windows cut into the walls were covered with boards or straw at night and in cold weather - after all, there was no glass then. In the corner there was a stove made of stone - it heated the house and cooked food on it. The stove was heated black - this means that there was no chimney, and all the smoke came out through windows, doors, and holes in the roof. In the house, all the free space was occupied by a table and 2-3 benches. In the corner lay several armfuls of hay covered with animal skins - these were beds. The dishes were simple and convenient - made of wood. Spoons, bowls, and scoops were made from it. They cooked food in an oven in clay pots. They served food on the table. The dishes were taken care of very well. If a pot or jug ​​cracked, it was repaired and tied together with birch bark strips. It was no longer suitable for cooking food, but supplies were stored in it. Women cooked meat, fish, porridge in clay pots, and baked bread and flat cakes. A large pot of stew was placed on the table; everyone had spoons.

Lesson summary.
- You have found the answers to all the questions asked. I would like to sum it up with these words:
“Our glorious, wise people,
Looks far ahead..."
- Why? (Why glorious, why wise, as you understand “Looks far ahead”)
(Because our ancestors were... and bequeathed to us to be the same.)
- Let's return to the epigraph of our lesson, “Knowledge is a stepping stone to wisdom” (by gaining knowledge in lessons, we gain the experience of our ancestors, we become wiser, we must pass it on to our descendants in order to preserve our history...)
- As a reminder of today's lesson, you will have the orders of the ancient Slavs - our distant ancestors.
- Managers, take envelope No. 2 and hand it out. Let's read them.

Stage 6. Homework(1 min)
- At home, using other sources of information, you will try to find additional material about the life of our distant ancestors. We open the diaries. Let's write it down.

Stage 7.
Reflection(3 min)

Group leaders, evaluate the work of each group member.
- Count the number of tokens. Which group was the most active?
- Well, now let’s express our attitude to the lesson.
- If it was interesting to work in the lesson and you liked everything, we’ll put the little man on the top step.
- If the lesson was interesting, but it was difficult for you, move to the second step.
- If you were not interested and it was very difficult - to the bottom.
Today, each of us has moved a step higher, become a little wiser, having acquired new knowledge.
Thank you for the lesson.

E If you think that our ancestors lived in spacious houses that smelled pleasantly of hay, slept on a warm Russian stove and lived happily ever after, then you are mistaken. The way you thought the peasants began to live a hundred, maybe a hundred and fifty, or at most two hundred years ago.

Before this, the life of a simple Russian peasant was completely different.
Usually a person lived to be 40-45 years old and died as an old man. He was considered a grown man with a family and children at the age of 14-15, and she even earlier. They did not marry for love; it was the father who went to marry his son.

People had no time for idle rest at all. In the summer, absolutely all the time was occupied by work in the field, in the winter, collecting firewood and homework making tools and household utensils, and hunting.

Let's look at a Russian village of the 10th century, which, however, is not much different from the village of both the 5th century and the 17th century...

We came to the Lyubytino historical and cultural complex as part of a motor rally dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Avtomir group of companies. It is not for nothing that it is called “One-Storey Russia” - it was very interesting and educational to see how our ancestors lived.
In Lyubytino, at the place where the ancient Slavs lived, among the mounds and burials, a real village of the 10th century was recreated, with all the outbuildings and necessary utensils.
02


We will start with an ordinary Slavic hut. The hut is made of logs and covered with birch bark and turf. In some regions, the roofs of the same huts were covered with straw, and in some places with wood chips. Surprisingly, the service life of such a roof is only slightly less than the service life of the entire house, 25-30 years, and the house itself lasted about 40 years. Considering the time of life at that time, the house was just enough for a person’s life.

By the way, in front of the entrance to the house there is a covered area - this is the same canopy from the song about the “new, maple canopy.”
03


The hut is heated black, that is, the stove does not have a chimney; the smoke comes out through a small window under the roof and through the door. There are no normal windows either, and the door is only about a meter high. This is done in order not to release heat from the hut.
When the stove is fired, soot settles on the walls and roof. There is one big plus in a “black” firebox - there are no rodents or insects in such a house.
04


Of course, the house stands on the ground without any foundation; the lower crowns are simply supported by several large stones.
05


This is how the roof is made
06


And here is the oven. A stone hearth mounted on a pedestal made of clay-coated logs. The stove was heated early in the morning. When the stove is on fire, it is impossible to be in the hut, only the housewife remained there to prepare the food, everyone else went outside to do business, in any weather. After the stove was heated, the stones gave off heat until the next morning. The food was cooked in the oven.
07


This is what the hut looks like from the inside. They slept on benches placed along the walls, and sat on them while eating. The children slept on the beds, they are not visible in this photograph, they are on top, above their heads. In winter, young livestock were taken into the hut so that they would not die from frost. They also washed in the hut. You can imagine what kind of air there was, how warm and comfortable it was there. It immediately becomes clear why life expectancy was so short.
08


In order not to heat the hut in the summer, when it was not necessary, the village had a separate small building - a bread oven. They baked bread and cooked there.
09


Grain was stored in a barn - a building raised on poles from the surface of the ground to protect the products from rodents.
10


There were bottom pits built in the barn, remember - “I scraped the bottom pipes...”? These are special wooden boxes into which grain was poured from above and taken from below. So the grain did not sit stale.
11


Also in the village there was a triple glacier - a cellar in which ice was placed in the spring, filled with hay and lay there almost until the next winter.

Clothes, skins, utensils and weapons not needed at the moment were stored in a cage. The cage was also used when the husband and wife needed privacy.

12


13


Barn - this building served for drying sheaves and threshing grain. The heated stones were piled into a fireplace, sheaves were placed on poles, and the peasant dried them, constantly turning them over. Then the grains were threshed and winnowed.
14


Cooking food in an oven requires a special temperature regime - simmering. This is how, for example, gray cabbage soup is prepared. They are called gray because of their gray color. How to cook them?

To begin with, take green cabbage leaves, those that are not included in the head of cabbage are finely split, salted and placed under pressure for a week for fermentation.
For cabbage soup you also need pearl barley, meat, onions, and carrots. The ingredients are placed in a pot, and it is placed in the oven, where it will spend several hours. By evening, a very satisfying and thick dish will be ready.
15

The life of any person greatly depends on his environment, natural conditions, and climate. The life of the ancient Slavs was no exception. Overall it was very simple and original. Life went on as usual, measuredly and naturally. But, on the other hand, we had to survive and look for food for ourselves and our children every day. So how did our ancestors, the Slavs, live?

They lived near rivers and other bodies of water. The reason for this is the need for a large amount of water, and the lands there are very fertile. The southern Slavs especially could boast of such lands. Therefore, one of their main occupations was agriculture. The main crops grown were millet, buckwheat, and flax. There were special tools for cultivating land: hoes, harrows, plows and others. The Slavs had several types of agriculture (for example, slash-and-burn). It differed in different regions of residence. Most often they burned trees in the forest. The resulting ash was used for fertilizer. After the land “tired” (usually after three years), they moved to new territories.

Housing

The Slavs tried to settle so that there were steep slopes around them. This could save them from enemy attacks. For the same purpose, a palisade was placed around the dwellings. It was made from logs.

As you know, there are frosty winters in the territory of modern Russia and Europe. Therefore, during this period the Slavs insulated their homes (huts) with clay. A fire was lit inside, and special holes were provided for the smoke. Later they began to build real huts with a stove. But initially, such a resource as logs was available only to the Slavs living near the forest.

As for household items, they were also made from different types of trees (these included dishes, tables, benches, and even children’s toys). And clothes were made from flax and cotton, which they grew themselves.

Lifestyle

Over time, the Slavs developed a tribal system, tribal relations. The unit or cell was the genus. This is a collection of people united by family ties. Today it can be imagined as if all the children of parents and their families live together. In general, the life of the Slavs was characterized by unity; they did everything together and together. When difficulties or disputes arose, they gathered at a special meeting (veche), where the elders of the clan solved the problems.

Nutrition

If the Slavs are basically what they grew and caught themselves. They prepared soups (cabbage soup), porridges (buckwheat, millet and others). Drinks included jelly and kvass. Vegetables used were cabbage and turnips. Of course, there were no potatoes yet. The Slavs also prepared various pastries. The most popular were pies and pancakes. They brought berries and mushrooms from the forest. In general, the forest was a source of life for the Slavs. From there they took wood, animals, and plants.

Hunting and herding

It is important to note that along with farming, our ancestors were also engaged in hunting.

Many animals lived in the forest (foxes, hares, moose, wild boars, bears). They drew double benefits. Firstly, the meat was used for food. Secondly, animal hair and fur are used for clothing. To hunt, the Slavs built primitive weapons - bows and arrows. Fishing was also important.

Over time, cattle breeding also appeared. Now you don’t have to run after the animals, they lived nearby. Basically, the Slavs had cows and pigs, as well as horses. Cattle also brought many benefits to humans. This is both delicious meat and milk. And large animals were used both as labor in the fields and as transport.

Leisure of the Slavs

You also need to be able to rest! How did our ancestors have fun? First, they carved various pictures from wood, then gave them bright colors. Secondly, the Slavs also loved music. They had harps and pipes. All musical instruments, of course, were also made of wood. Thirdly, women weaved and embroidered. After all, all the clothes of the Slavs were always decorated with fancy ornaments and patterns.

Finally

This was the life of the ancient Slavs. Although it was not filled with simple everyday amenities, it was there. And it was no worse than that of other tribes that developed in parallel with the Slavs and often had better conditions. The Slavs were able to get used to it and were able to move to the next level. It is unlikely that modern man could survive at that time without all his amenities, which he no longer notices. Therefore, let's respect and honor the memory of our ancestors. They did something that you and I couldn't do. We owe them what we have today.

How did our ancestors, the Slavs, live? The life of any person greatly depends on his environment, natural conditions, and climate. The life of the ancient Slavs was no exception. Overall it was very simple and original. Life went on as usual, measuredly and naturally. But, on the other hand, we had to survive and look for food for ourselves and our children every day. So how did our ancestors, the Slavs, live? Agriculture They lived near rivers and other bodies of water. The reason for this is the need for a large amount of water, and the lands there are very fertile. The southern Slavs especially could boast of such lands. Therefore, one of their main occupations was agriculture. The main crops grown were millet, buckwheat, and flax. There were special tools for cultivating land: hoes, harrows, plows and others. The Slavs had several types of agriculture (for example, slash-and-burn). It differed in different regions of residence. Most often they burned trees in the forest. The resulting ash was used for fertilizer. After the land “tired” (usually after three years), they moved to new territories. Housing The Slavs tried to settle in such a way that there were steep slopes around them. This could save them from enemy attacks. For the same purpose, a palisade was placed around the dwellings. It was made from logs. As you know, there are frosty winters in the territory of modern Russia and Europe. Therefore, during this period the Slavs insulated their homes (huts) with clay. A fire was lit inside, and special holes were provided for the smoke. Later they began to build real huts with a stove. But initially, such a resource as logs was available only to the Slavs living near the forest. As for household items, they were also made from different types of trees (these included dishes, tables, benches, and even children’s toys). And clothes were made from flax and cotton, which they grew themselves. Lifestyle The Slavs over time developed a tribal system, tribal relations. The unit or cell was the genus. This is a collection of people united by family ties. Today it can be imagined as if all the children of parents and their families live together. In general, the life of the Slavs was characterized by unity; they did everything together and together. When difficulties or disputes arose, they gathered at a special meeting (veche), where the elders of the clan solved the problems. Food If the Slavs are basically what they grew and caught themselves. They prepared soups (cabbage soup), porridges (buckwheat, millet and others). Drinks included jelly and kvass. Vegetables used were cabbage and turnips. Of course, there were no potatoes yet. The Slavs also prepared various pastries. The most popular were pies and pancakes. They brought berries and mushrooms from the forest. In general, the forest was a source of life for the Slavs. From there they took wood, animals, and plants. Leisure of the Slavs You also need to be able to relax! How did our ancestors have fun? First, they carved various pictures from wood, then gave them bright colors. Secondly, the Slavs also loved music. They had harps and pipes. All musical instruments, of course, were also made of wood. Thirdly, women weaved and embroidered. After all, all the clothes of the Slavs were always decorated with fancy ornaments and patterns. In conclusion This was the life of the ancient Slavs. Although it was not filled with simple everyday amenities, it was there. And it was no worse than that of other tribes that developed in parallel with the Slavs and often had better conditions. The Slavs were able to get used to it and were able to move to the next level. It is unlikely that modern man could survive at that time without all his amenities, which he no longer notices. Therefore, let's respect and honor the memory of our ancestors. They did something that you and I couldn't do. We owe them what we have today. Special report - Alone in the past. Our ancestors, the Slavs, came to Europe from Asia in ancient times. The Slavs settled along the lower reaches of the great Danube. Here the climate is good and the lands are fertile. Our ancestors would not have left those places, but other peoples began to crowd them out. Our ancestors divided into several territories: Some of the Slavs remained to live on the Danube. From them came the beginning of the Serbs and Bulgarians. The other part of the tribe went north. The Moravians, Poles and Slovaks found their beginning here. Another part of the people went to the tributaries of the Dnieper and gave rise to the Russian people, who are our ancestors. Those Slavs who lived in the fields near the middle reaches of the Dnieper began to be called Polyans. The Drevlyans also appeared and settled in the forests near the mighty Pripyat River. Other various tribes of Slavs appeared. For example, Rodimichi, Polotsk, Northerners. Economy of the Slavs How did our ancestors, the Slavs, live when they came to different territories of Europe? When the cold set in, our ancestors thought about how to make themselves a stronger and warmer shelter. They began to cover the huts that they had built with clay. And those tribes that settled near the forests decided to build huts from logs. Among the dwellings, the Slavs made hearths to light a fire. The smoke that came from the fire went into a hole in the roof or in the wall. Tables and various utensils were made of wood. Bad weather and low temperatures forced the Slavs to make warm clothes for themselves. . Activities of our ancestors What did the Slavs do, how did our ancestors live in order to have food and culture? The Slavs loved agriculture. Our ancestors grew millet, buckwheat, and flax. They cultivated the fertile southern lands. To sow them, the Slavs spent three years cultivating new soil: 1 year: cutting down trees; Year 2: all trees were burned, and the ash was left to increase the fertility of the land; Year 3: sowing and harvesting. After three years, this land lost its fertility, so new areas were taken for cultivation. The main tools of labor of the Slavs were an axe, a plow, a hoe, chains, and a harrow. The South also has a lot of fertile soil. Sowing on each plot lasted about three years, then the plots were changed to new lands. Here the ralo, plow and wooden plow became the tools of the ancestors. Our Slavic ancestors were engaged in cattle breeding. They raised pigs, cows, horses, and oxen here. Fishing and hunting were one of the most important activities at that time. The Slavs ate rough food, and sometimes even raw food: animal meat; fish; milk. Art of the Slavs Art did not pass by our great ancestors. They knew how to carve various images on wood and paint them. Music was one of the most beloved forms of art. The Slavs made various musical instruments and learned to play them: gusli; bagpipes; pipes. Slavic literacy What else can you learn about how our distant ancestors lived? They did not know how to read and write, but they had information about chronology and arithmetic. Polysyllabic numbering was not a mystery to our ancestors. The Slavs observed the seasons and gave them 12 names, just as the Romans did. The rule of the Slavs was popular, and then transformed into “aristocratic”. Military leaders were chosen as rulers, and then boyars, princes, lords and kings. The Slavic language was quite rough in its sound. Our eastern ancestors had a common language for a very long time. These Slavs became the ancestors of Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians. After the influence of various factors, the language began to change. New words were formed from common ones, or old expressions were reinterpreted, and some words were borrowed. Slavic religion How did our ancestors live in religion? Until the end of the 10th century, the Slavs were pagans and worshiped the forces of nature and the souls of their departed ancestors. The main deity of all Slavs was the thunder god Perun. They imagined him as a tall, black-haired, black-eyed man with a golden beard. In his right hand he held a bow, and in his left hand a quiver of sharp arrows. According to ancient beliefs, Perun raced across the sky in his chariot and shot fiery arrows. The ancestors of our Slavs had many revered gods: Stribog - the god of the wind; Dazhbog – sun deity; Veles is the patron of herds; Svarog is the god of the sky and the father of all deities. Their beliefs in a future afterlife can also tell us how our distant ancestors lived. The Slavs buried their dead in the ground, but there were cases when they were burned. With the deceased person, his utensils, belongings, and weapons were placed in the grave and on the fire. If the Slav was a warrior, then his war horse was also placed nearby. Our ancestors believed that the dead would rise again, and there they would need everything that accompanied their life on earth. After the burial ritual, funeral feasts were organized. Omens also played a big role for the Slavs. It was believed that the gods send various signs so that people know the future. From this belief came the custom of fortune telling. People who knew a lot about omen and fortune-telling bore the names of sorcerers, sorcerers, witches and magicians.

There are many theories about how man originated. How did our ancestors live? Who were they? There are a lot of questions, and the answers, unfortunately, are ambiguous. Well, let's try to figure out where man came from and how he lived in ancient times.

Origin theory

• There are several theories about how man appeared: he is a creature of the cosmos, a creature from another world;
• the creator of man is God, it was he who laid down everything possible that man possesses;
• man emerged from the monkey, evolving and reaching new stages of development.

Well, since most scientists still adhere to the third theory, because man is so similar in structure to animals, we will analyze this version. How did they live in ancient times?

First stage: Parapithecus

As is known, the ancestor of both humans and monkeys was Parapithecus. If we tell the approximate time of existence of Parapithecus, then these animals inhabited the Earth about thirty-five million years ago. Despite the fact that scientists know too little about such ancient mammals, there is plenty of evidence that apes are evolved parapithecus.

Second stage: Dryopithecus

If you believe the still unproven theory of human origin, then Dryopithecus is a descendant of Parapithecus. However, it is a well-established fact that Dryopithecus is the ancestor of humans. How did our ancestors live? The exact lifespan of Dryopithecus has not yet been established, but scientists say that they lived on Earth about eighteen million years ago. If we talk about lifestyle, then, unlike Parapithecus, which settled exclusively in trees, Dryopithecus already settled not only at altitude, but also on the ground.

Third stage: Australopithecus

Australopithecus is the direct ancestor of humans. How did our Australopithecus ancestors live? It has been established that the life of this ancient mammal began about five million years ago. Australopithecines were already more like modern humans in their habits: they walked calmly on their hind legs, used the most primitive tools and protection (sticks, stones, etc.). Unlike their predecessors, Australopithecus ate not only berries, herbs and other vegetation, but also ate animal meat, since these same tools often served for hunting. Despite the fact that evolution was clearly moving forward, Australopithecus was more like a monkey than a human - thick hair, small proportions and average weight still distinguish them from modern humans.

Stage four: a skilled person

At this stage of evolution, the human ancestor was no different from Australopithecus in appearance. Although skillful, he was distinguished by the fact that he could freely make tools, means of protection and hunting on his own. All the products that this ancestor produced were made mainly of stone. Some scientists are even inclined to believe that in his development, Homo habilis reached the point where he tried to transmit information to his own kind using certain combinations of sounds. However, the theory that the rudiments of speech already existed at this time has not been proven.

Stage five: Homo erectus

How did our ancestor, whom today we call “homo erectus”, live? Evolution did not stand still, and now this mammal was very similar to modern humans. In addition, already at this stage of development a person could make sounds that served as certain signals. This means that we can conclude that there was already speech at that time, but it was inarticulate. At this stage, the volume of the human brain has greatly increased. Thanks to this, a skilled person no longer worked alone, but the work was collective. This human ancestor was able to hunt large animals because hunting tools were already sophisticated enough to kill a large animal.

Stage six: Neanderthal

For a very long time, the theory that Neanderthals were the direct ancestors of humans was considered correct and accepted by many scientists. However, studies have shown that Neanderthals did not have any descendants, which means that the branch of this mammal was a dead end. Despite this, Neanderthals are very similar in structure to modern humans: a large brain, lack of hair, and a developed lower jaw (this suggests that Neanderthals had speech). Where did our "ancestors" live? Neanderthals lived in groups, making their homes on river banks, in caves and between rocks.

The last stage: Homo sapiens

Scientists have proven that this species appeared 130 thousand years ago. External similarity, brain structure, all skills - all this suggests that Homo sapiens is our direct ancestor. It is at this stage of the revolution that people begin to grow their own food, settle not just in groups, but in families, run their own private farms, keep their own barnyard and begin to explore new plant crops.

Slavs

How our people lived. This is a fully developed ancestor of modern man, who is characterized by division into racial groups. Human ancestors living in the Middle Ages were mainly Slavs. In general, this race appeared in the Baltic lands, and soon, due to its large numbers, settled throughout Western Europe and the northwestern part of Russia. In addition, the Slavs fought constant battles and were distinguished by their special weapons technique and steadfastness in battle. The Slavs are the ancestors of specifically Russian, German, Baltic and other peoples.