Annelids. The formation of mucus allows the worms to tolerate unfavorable conditions

1. Continue filling out the pivot table on p. 13

2. Give reasons for the statement: “Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized”

Annelids for the first time have a secondary body cavity and the cellular structure of the skin. A circulatory system appears in the internal structure. The excretory system is represented by more developed metanephridia. Most ringlets are free-living, some have something like legs - parapodia. Everyone has bilateral symmetry. There are sense organs

3. Prove that the partitions present in the body of the annelid worm perform a protective function

Each segment of annelids is separated by a septum and has a full set of nerve ganglia, nephridia, annular vessels and gonads. If the integrity of one segment is violated, this affects the life of the worm to a small extent

4. List the structural features that help rings move well in different habitats

Some types of ringbills have parapodia and setae for locomotion. Those species that do not have parapodia have bristles or their body is covered with mucus for better gliding. The muscular system of all rings is represented by circular and longitudinal muscles

5. After studying the text of the paragraph, complete the diagrams

a) Digestive system of ringlets

b) Nervous system of ringlets

c) Sense organs of rings

6. What happens if the ring body is divided into several parts?

Regeneration may occur and the worm will restore the lost parts. That is, asexual reproduction will occur

7. Is it possible for sexual reproduction of ringlets without the formation of a girdle?

Maybe. In some polychaete worms living in the seas and belonging to the phylum Annelids, reproduction occurs in water, fertilization is external. But in most ringlets, reproduction occurs with the help of a belt

8. How are the number of eggs laid related to the care of offspring?

There is a direct relationship between the number of eggs laid and care for the offspring. Some polychaetes lay a few eggs, and the female guards them. This means that Annelids are more advanced than previous types of worms

9. Name all possible ways of feeding polychaetes

Among polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and eat plants.

10. Complete the sentences

The development of polychaetes occurs with alternation of life forms. Their larvae do not resemble adults. Each life form performs different functions: reproduction, dispersal, self-preservation. Some polychaetes are observed caring for offspring

11. Finish the diagram

The meaning of polychaetes in nature

1. Filter the water

2. They are fish food

3. They feed on the remains of dead animals

12. What are the differences in the diet of polychaete and oligochaete worms?

Oligochaete worms feed on organic matter from plant remains of the soil, and among polychaetes there are also predators, omnivores, and herbivores

13. What is common in the adaptations to endure unfavorable conditions among protozoa and oligochaetes?

To withstand unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and enter diapause. These formations are similar in their functions

14. Using the text and pictures of the textbook, study the structure of an earthworm, and then complete laboratory work No. 3 “External structure of an earthworm.” Draw a drawing of an earthworm, marking the anterior and posterior ends of the body, segments, girdle, and bristles.
Draw a conclusion about what structural features allow worms to lead an underground lifestyle

Conclusion: The primary body cavity is supporting. It contains a liquid that gives the worm's body elasticity.

15. List the characteristic features of leeches:

1) Constant number of body segments

2) The presence of suction cups for attachment to the victim’s body or substrate

3) No bristles on the body

4) All leeches live in an aquatic environment

16. Name 2 types of food for leeches

17. Look at the pictures. Label what type and class these worms belong to

18. After studying the text of the paragraph, explain why leeches are more sensitive than other worms to changes in the environment

Leeches have a better developed nervous system

19. Is the statement true: “In dirty water it is difficult for oligochaetes to breathe, but leeches feel good”?

The statement is not true. Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of water and die if it is polluted. Oligochaetes withstand water pollution and can live for a long time in such reservoirs

20. What happens if leeches stop producing hirudia?

Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting in the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot

21. For what purpose are leeches bought at the pharmacy?

Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in cases of hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage and stroke

22. Indicate the characteristics corresponding to each class of annelids

A - 1, 2, 8, 10, 16

B - 4, 6, 11, 12, 17

B - 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 15

Crossword No. 1. "Worms"

1. Capsule

3. Polychaetes

4. Cavity

5. Chain

6. Oligochaetes

8. Breathing

Keyword: rings

1) Give reasons for the statement: “Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized.”

___________________________________________________________________
2) List the characteristic signs of leeches:
1)______________________________________________
2)______________________________________________
3)______________________________________________
4)______________________________________________

1. Please tell me the regeneration of protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, roundworms, flatworms, annelids, mollusks, echinoderms.

2. segmentation of protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, roundworms, flatworms, annelids, mollusks, echinoderms.
3. fertilization of protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, roundworms, flatworms, annelids, mollusks, echinoderms.
4. protection of protozoa, sponges, coelenterates, roundworms, flatworms, annelids, mollusks, echinoderms.
Please answer any of these points, otherwise the teacher will kill me and give me a 2, urgently needed by tomorrow, thanks in advance!)))

1. The phylum mollusk has: a) about 10 thousand species; c) over 130 thousand species; b) over 30 thousand species; d) about 1 million 2. The shell of a mollusk consists of: a)

only from lime; b) only from a horn-like substance; c) from lime and horn-like substance; d) from a horn-like substance, lime and mother-of-pearl. 3. A shell formed by two valves has a) pearl barley, toothless mussels, and mussels; c) pond snails, reels, rapana b) squid, cuttlefish, octopus; d) slugs, grape snail. 4. The body of gastropods is divided into: a) head, torso and muscular leg; b) head, tentacles and torso; c) torso and muscular leg; d) head and torso. 5. Bivalves feed mainly on: a) filamentous algae; b) fresh crustaceans - daphnia and cyclops; c) organic particles and microorganisms; d) worms and insect larvae. 6. In the phylum of mollusks, eyes have: a) only bivalve eyes; c) gastropods and cephalopods; b) only cephalopods; d) representatives of all classes. 7. The most highly organized of mollusks include: a) gastropods; c) cephalopods; b) bivalve; d) spadefoot. 8. Gastropods move: a) with the help of a muscular leg; b) with the help of a muscular leg and tentacles; c) only due to water pushed out of the mantle cavity; d) with the help of tentacles and water pushed out of the mantle cavity. 9. Toothless respiration is ensured by the supply of oxygen through a) gills; c) the entire surface of the body; b) inlet siphon; d) lungs. 10. The largest animals among modern invertebrates: a) octopuses; c) deep-sea squids; b) tapeworms; d) jellyfish. II. Distribute representatives of the mollusc type into classes
1) Class Gastropods_________________ a)
pearl barley; g) oyster; 2) Class Bivalves______________ b) cuttlefish; e) octopus; 3) Class Cephalopods ________________ c) slug; h) pond snail d) grape snail; e) oyster;

A1. How are animals similar to other organisms? 1) consist of cells; 2) have organ systems; 3) actively move; 4) create in the light

1. Continue filling out the pivot table on p. 13.

2. Give reasons for the statement: “Among the various worms, annelids are the most highly organized.”

Annelids for the first time have a secondary body cavity and the cellular structure of the skin. A circulatory system appears in the internal structure. The excretory system is represented by more developed metanephridia. Most ringlets are free-living, some have something like legs - parapodia. Everyone has bilateral symmetry. There are sense organs.

3. Prove that the partitions present in the body of the annelid worm perform a protective function.

Each segment of annelids is separated by a septum and has a full set of nerve ganglia, nephridia, annular vessels and gonads. If the integrity of one segment is violated, this affects the life of the worm to a small extent.

4. List the structural features that help rings move well in different habitats.

Some types of ringbills have parapodia and setae for locomotion. Those species that do not have parapodia have bristles or their body is covered with mucus for better gliding. The muscular system of all rings is represented by circular and longitudinal muscles.

5. After studying the text of the paragraph, complete the diagrams.

a) Digestive system of ringlets
b) Nervous system of ringlets
c) Sense organs of rings

6. What happens if the ring body is divided into several parts?

Regeneration may occur and the worm will restore the lost parts. That is, asexual reproduction will occur.

7. Is it possible for sexual reproduction of ringlets without the formation of a girdle?

Maybe . In some polychaete worms living in the seas and belonging to the phylum Annelids, reproduction occurs in water, fertilization is external. But in most ringlets, reproduction occurs with the help of a belt.

8. How are the number of eggs laid related to the care of offspring?

There is a direct relationship between the number of eggs laid and care for the offspring. Some polychaetes lay a few eggs, and the female guards them. This means that Annelids are more advanced than previous types of worms.

9. Name all possible ways of feeding polychaetes.

Among polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and eat plants.

10. Complete the sentences.

The development of polychaetes occurs with alternation of life forms. Their larvae do not resemble adults. Each life form performs different functions: playback, resettlement, self-preservation. Some polychaetes are observed caring for offspring.

11. Complete the diagram.

The meaning of polychaetes in nature:

1. Filter the water.
2. They are fish food.
3. They feed on the remains of dead animals.

12. What are the differences in the diet of polychaete and oligochaete worms?

Oligochaete worms feed on organic matter from plant remains of the soil, and among polychaetes there are also predators, omnivores, and herbivores.

13. What is common in the adaptations to endure unfavorable conditions among protozoa and oligochaetes?

To withstand unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and enter diapause. These formations are similar in their functions.

14. Using the text and pictures of the textbook, study the structure of an earthworm, and then complete laboratory work No. 3 “External structure of an earthworm.” Draw a drawing of an earthworm, marking the anterior and posterior ends of the body, segments, girdle, and bristles. Draw a conclusion about what structural features allow worms to lead an underground lifestyle.

Conclusion: The primary body cavity is the supporting one. It contains a liquid that gives the worm's body elasticity.

15. List the characteristic features of leeches:

Constant number of body segments (33).
The presence of suction cups for attachment to the body of the victim or substrate.
Lack of bristles on the body.
All leeches live in an aquatic environment.

16. Name 2 types of food for leeches.

17. Look at the pictures. Label what type and class these worms belong to.

18. After studying the text of the paragraph, explain why leeches are more sensitive than other worms to changes in the environment.

Answer: Leeches have a better developed nervous system.

19. Is the statement true: “In dirty water it is difficult for oligochaetes to breathe, but leeches feel good”?

The statement is not true. Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of water and die if it is polluted. Oligochaetes withstand water pollution and can live for a long time in such reservoirs.

20. What happens if leeches stop producing hirudia?

Answer: Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting on the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot.

21. For what purpose are leeches bought at the pharmacy?

Answer: Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in case of hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage and stroke.

22. Indicate the characteristics corresponding to each class of annelids.

Answer:

A - 1, 2, 8, 10, 16
B - 4, 6, 11, 12, 17
B - 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 15

Let's write down the answers to crossword No. 1.

Answers:
1. Capsule
2. Belt
3. Polychaetes
4. Cavity
5. Chain
6. Oligochaetes
7. Tapeworm
8. Breathing

Keyword: rings

Taxonomy. The phylum Annelidae includes the classes: Oligochaetes, Polychaetes and Leeches.

Structure. Bilateral symmetry of the body. Body dimensions range from 0.5 mm to 3 m. The body is divided into a head lobe, a trunk and an anal lobe. Polychaetes have a separate head with eyes, tentacles and antennae. The body is segmented (external and internal segmentation). The body contains from 5 to 800 identical ring-shaped segments. The segments have the same external and internal structure (metamerism) and perform similar functions. The metameric structure of the body determines the high ability to regenerate.

The body wall is formed skin-muscle bag, consisting of a single-layer epithelium covered with a thin cuticle, two layers of smooth muscle: outer circular and internal longitudinal, and single-layer epithelium of the secondary body cavity. When the circular muscles contract, the body of the worm becomes long and thin; when the longitudinal muscles contract, it shortens and thickens.

Organs of movement - parapodia(available in polychaetes). These are outgrowths of a skin-muscular sac on each segment with tufts of bristles. In oligochaetes only tufts of setae are retained.

Body cavity secondary - in general(has an epithelial lining that covers the skin-muscular sac from the inside and the organs of the digestive system from the outside). In most representatives, the body cavity is divided by transverse partitions, corresponding to the body segments. Cavity fluid is a hydroskeleton and internal environment; it is involved in the transport of metabolic products, nutrients and reproductive products.

Digestive system consists of three sections: anterior (mouth, muscular pharynx, esophagus, crop), middle (tubular stomach and midgut) and posterior (hindgut and anus). The glands of the esophagus and midgut secrete enzymes to digest food. Absorption of nutrients occurs in the midgut.

Circulatory system closed. There are two main vessels: dorsal And abdominal, connected in each segment by ring-shaped vessels. Blood moves through the dorsal vessel from the rear end of the body to the front, and through the abdominal vessel - from front to back. The movement of blood is carried out thanks to the rhythmic contractions of the walls of the spinal vessel and the annular vessels (“heart”) in the pharynx area, which have thick muscle walls. Many people have red blood.

Breath. Most annelids have cutaneous respiration. Polychaetes have respiratory organs - feathery or leaf-shaped gills. These are modified dorsal antennae of the parapodia or head lobe.

Excretory system metanephridial type. Metanephridia They look like tubes with funnels. Two in each segment. A funnel surrounded by cilia and convoluted tubules are located in one segment, and a short tubule opening outward with an opening - an excretory pore - is in the adjacent segment.

Nervous system represented by suprapharyngeal and subpharyngeal nodes ( ganglia), peripharyngeal nerve ring (connects the suprapharyngeal and subpharyngeal ganglia) and ventral nerve cord, consisting of paired nerve ganglia in each segment, connected by longitudinal and transverse nerve trunks.

Sense organs. Polychaetes have organs of balance and vision (2 or 4 eyes). But the majority have only separate olfactory, tactile, gustatory and light-sensitive cells.

Reproduction and development. Soil and freshwater forms are mostly hermaphrodites. The gonads develop only in certain segments. Insemination is internal. Type of development - direct. In addition to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction (budding and fragmentation) is also characteristic. Fragmentation is carried out through regeneration - the restoration of lost tissues and body parts. Marine representatives of the type are dioecious. Their gonads develop in all or in certain segments of the body. Development with metamorphosis, larva - trochophore.

Origin and aromorphoses. The following aromorphoses led to the emergence of the type: locomotor organs, respiratory organs, closed circulatory system, secondary body cavity, body segmentation.

Meaning. Earthworms improve the structure and fertility of the soil. The ocean worm Palolo is eaten by humans. Medical leeches are used for bloodletting.

Class Oligochaetes(Oligochaetes)

Representatives: earthworms, tubifex worms, etc. Most oligochaetes live in soil and fresh water. Detritivores(feed on semi-decomposed remains of plants and animals). There are no parapodia. The setae extend directly from the body wall. The head lobe is poorly expressed. Sense organs are often absent, but there are olfactory, tactile, gustatory, and light-sensitive cells. Hermaphrodites. Insemination is internal, cross. Development is direct, takes place in cocoon, which after fertilization forms on the body of the worm in the form of a belt, and then slides off it.

The role of earthworms in soil formation is enormous. They promote the accumulation of humus and improve the soil structure, thereby increasing soil fertility.

Class Polychaetes(Polychaetes)

Leech class

This is a summary for grades 6-9 on the topic "Ringed Worms". Select next steps:

Go to next summary:

1. Let's continue filling out the table.

2. Let us explain the above statement.

3. Let's write about the protective function of partitions.

4. Let us list the structural features of the rings.

5. Let's finish the diagrams.
a) Digestive system of ringlets
b) Nervous system of ringlets
c) Sense organs of rings
6. Let's write about the division of the ring body.

Regeneration may occur and the worm will restore the lost parts. That is, asexual reproduction will occur.

7. Let's write an answer about the formation of the belt.

Maybe. In some polychaete worms living in the seas and belonging to the phylum Annelids, reproduction occurs in water, fertilization is external. But in most ringlets, reproduction occurs with the help of a belt.

8. Let's explain the relationship.

There is a direct relationship between the number of eggs laid and care for the offspring. Some polychaetes lay a few eggs, and the female guards them. This means that Annelids are more advanced than previous types of worms.

9. Let us list the feeding methods of polychaetes.

Among polychaete worms there are predators that feed on small marine animals. There are omnivores that filter water and eat plants.

10. Let's finish the sentences.

The development of polychaetes occurs with alternation of life forms. Their larvae do not resemble adults. Each life form performs different functions: reproduction, dispersal, self-preservation. Some polychaetes are observed caring for offspring.

11. Let's finish the diagram.
The meaning of polychaetes in nature

1. Filter the water.
2. They are fish food.
3. They feed on the remains of dead animals.

12. Let’s write down the differences in the nutrition of different worms.

Oligochaete worms feed on organic matter from plant remains of the soil, and among polychaetes there are also predators, omnivores, and herbivores.

13. Let’s write down the common adaptations of protozoa and oligochaetes.

To withstand unfavorable conditions, many protozoa form a cyst, and oligochaetes form a protective capsule, and enter diapause. These formations are similar in their functions.

14. Let us indicate in the figure the structure of an earthworm. Let's draw a conclusion.

Conclusion: The primary body cavity is supporting. It contains a liquid that gives the worm's body elasticity.

15. Let us list the features of leeches.
1) Constant number of body segments (33)
2) The presence of suction cups for attachment to the victim’s body or substrate.
3) Lack of bristles on the body.
4) All leeches live in an aquatic environment.

16. Let's name the types of food of leeches.

17. Let's determine the type and class of worms.

18. Let’s explain the peculiarity of leeches.

Leeches have a better developed nervous system.

19. Let us explain the statement.

The statement is not true. Leeches are very sensitive to the purity of water and die if it is polluted. Oligochaetes withstand water pollution and can live for a long time in such reservoirs.

20. Write an answer about hirudia.

Hirudin is necessary to prevent blood clotting in the wound of the victim and in the stomach of the leech itself. If it is not produced, the leech will not be able to feed, as the blood will clot.

21. Let's name the role of leeches in medicine.

Leeches are used in medicine to reduce blood pressure in cases of hypertension and the threat of hemorrhage and stroke.

22. Let us indicate the characteristics of classes of annelids.
Classes of the type Annelids.

A - 1, 2, 8, 10, 16
B - 4, 6, 11, 12, 17
B - 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 15

Let's write down the answers to crossword No. 1.

Answers:
1. Capsule
2. Belt
3. Polychaetes
4. Cavity
5. Chain
6. Oligochaetes
7. Tapeworm
8. Breathing
Keyword: rings