Literature assignments. open fipi bank

Task 8.

Why did Manilov’s intention to give away souls for free make such a strong impression on Chichikov?

Firstly, Manilov’s intention to give away dead souls for free made a strong impression on Chichikov, since he never expected this from another person! I didn’t expect it because Chichikov himself would never have agreed to such generosity.

Secondly, the hero, who decided to sell dead souls according to lists as living peasants, realized: his plan works! Great enrichment awaits him! Out of joy and surprise, he “even made a leap like a goat”, “said... thanks”, shed a tear of happiness.

Task 9.

Which works of Russian classics depict heroes capable of noble, selfless deeds, and what is the difference between these heroes and Manilov?

There are many characters in Russian literature who, like Gogol’s Manilov, acted nobly.

L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” depicts many heroes capable of selfless acts. And Natasha Rostova, who persuaded her mother and father to give

carts for the wounded, and Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky, who donated a lot of money to improve the lives of peasants, are undoubtedly such characters. However, they are very different from the naive, infantile Manilov, who decided to give Chichikov dead souls for free. If Natasha, Pierre, Prince Andrei are positive heroes, throughout the novel they are looking for their life purpose, performing noble deeds at the behest of their hearts, then Gogol’s character is a lazy, insignificant person who gave Chichikov dead souls free of charge because of his lordly carelessness.

The heroes of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” are also capable of noble, selfless actions. For example, Rodion Raskolnikov, living in poverty, gave his last pennies to the poor Marmeladov family, almost unknown to him. However, the former student is significantly different from the rich, well-fed master Manilov: the first committed a selfless act out of a feeling of compassion and a desire to help the people around him, and the second because of his naivety and carelessness.

Task 15.

What role does the image of rain play in revealing the main idea of the poem?

The image of rain in A. A. Tarkovsky’s poem helps to reveal the main idea of the work. The night rain that “knocks on the roof” evokes memories of the past of the lyrical hero and his chosen one, of the time when “raindrops” accompanied a pair of lovers on the “inclement” day of their first meeting.

That day the companion’s face shone, “like tears, raindrops,” as if foreshadowing “madness,” I read: “grief.” that lovers will have to endure.

At the end of the verse, the lyrical hero and his beloved cannot “each other. help”: she’s not around. The hero is overwhelmed with feelings of sadness and melancholy, which the image of incessant rain, “all night” shedding “tears,” helps to convey.

Task 16.

What works of Russian love poetry contain pictures of nature, and in what ways can these works be compared with the poem by A. A. Tarkovsky?

“Night Rain” by A. A. Tarkovsky is not the only work of Russian love poetry that contains pictures of nature.

“The trill of a nightingale,” a stream, and a purple dawn accompany the lovers in A. A. Fet’s poem “Whisper, Timid Breath...” Images of living nature merge with the whispers and kisses of the characters, helping to express their inner state. However, if the poem by A. A. Fet depicts a meeting between two lovers, then in the work of A. A. Tarkovsky only the memories of the lyrical hero about his love, inspired by the night rain, are presented.

Pictures of nature are inseparable from images of heroes in B. L. Pasternak’s poem “Winter Night”. However, if in A. A. Tarkovsky’s verse the rain helps to convey the mental state of the lyrical hero, then in the work of B. L. Pasternak, winter pictures of nature: “blizzard”, snow haze - are contrasted with the passion, “heat of temptation” that lovers experience.

Analyzing the image

The owner of Manilovka was distinguished by his pleasant appearance and amazing kindness towards other people, be it his children’s teacher or a serf. He found good and pleasant words for everyone, and tried to please everyone. It was not in his nature to criticize anyone.

Unlike Sobakevich, he did not consider the local governor to be a highwayman, but believed that he was “a most amiable man.” The policeman, in Manilov’s understanding, is not a swindler at all, but a very pleasant person. He didn't say a single bad word about anyone. As we see, the superficiality of this character’s judgments does not allow him to objectively perceive other people.

Manilov served in the army, where his army comrades described him as a most delicate and educated officer.

After eight years of marriage, he continued to have tender feelings for his wife, affectionately called her Lizanka, and all the time tried to pamper her with something. He had two sons with more than strange names - Themistoclus and Alcides. It’s as if Manilov wants to stand out with these pretentious names, to declare his exclusivity.

Most of the time, the owner of two hundred peasant households was in dreams and daydreams. For this “important” activity, there was a special gazebo on the estate with the pompous name “Temple of Solitary Reflection.” Manilov’s rich imagination “boldly” transformed the surrounding reality. A bridge was mentally built across the pond, on which merchants briskly traded all kinds of goods, or a belvedere was erected over the owner's house so high that one could see Moscow, or an underground passage was dug (however, our dreamer does not specify the purpose of the underground passage).

Manilov's dreams took him so far that real life took a back seat. The entire household was entrusted to the clerk, but Manilov did not delve into anything, but only indulged in fantasies, smoked a pipe all the time and was idle. Even the book in his office was bookmarked on the same 14th page for two years. The peasants, like the master, also became lazy, the pond was overgrown with greenery, the housekeeper was stealing, the clerk grew fat and did not get up before 9 o’clock in the morning. But nothing could disturb the measured flow of the comfortable and idle life of the good-natured landowner.

Manilov turned out to be such an impressionable person that in response to Chichikov’s request to sell dead souls, he dropped the pipe and froze in amazement with his mouth open. But in the end, he came to his senses and demonstrated a friendly disposition and selflessness - he gave away the dead souls completely free of charge, which completely touched Chichikov. In a conversation with a friend, Manilov demonstrated complete detachment from economic affairs - he could not even name the number of dead peasants, not to mention their names.

Manilovschina

The term “Manilovism” arose precisely on the basis of the traits of this hero of the novel “Dead Souls”. This is a way of life characterized by separation from reality, idleness, frivolity, “having your head in the clouds,” and inaction. People like Manilov spend their time in empty dreams that they are in no hurry to put into practice. They are grotesquely sweet, have no opinions of their own, strive to please everyone, think superficially and unrealistically.

They care more about the impression they make than about the real development of soul and character. Such individuals are pleasant to talk to and good-natured, but otherwise completely useless to society. Many literary scholars believe that Gogol tried to portray Nicholas I in the image of Manilov.

Let’s generalize the image by grouping Manilov’s positive and negative traits

Positive traits

Benevolent and courteous

Hospitable

Polite

Educated

Positive

Selfless

Treats everyone on an equal footing, not arrogant

Sincerely loves his family - wife and children

Perceives life poetically

Negative qualities

Tendency to ignore problems

Idleness

Carelessness

Inner emptiness

Mismanagement

Lack of own opinion

Idle talk and florid syllable

Tendency to empty fantasies

spinelessness

Indifference to other people's problems (the mortality rate of peasants is high on his estate)

Inaction

Excessive need for approval (desire to please everyone)

Sycophancy

Insincerity

Superficiality of judgment

Excessive sweetness, sweetness in communication

Excessive gullibility

Infantilism

Lack of leadership qualities and inner core

Lack of understanding of the purpose and meaning of your life

The surname Manilov makes you think of something sweet and serene. It comes from the word “to beckon,” which the author plays on ironically. In this image, N.V. Gogol creates a parody of the peculiarity of the Russian character, the tendency to dreams and inaction.

Manilov, whose characterization occupies a significant part of the narrative, nevertheless, can be described very briefly and succinctly: a man of neither this nor that.

Character of the hero

His character cannot be defined unambiguously.

Manilov is impractical and good-natured, he manages the house poorly, and his drinking clerk is in charge of matters of the estate. This led to the fact that he did not benefit from the delicate issue on which Chichikov approached him. Manilov simply gave it to him, amusing, however, his vanity with the fact that he was able to provide an invaluable service to the man. This hero is the complete antipode of the materialist Sobakevich.

Manilov, whose characteristics can be defined by such words as detachment, indifference, loves to soar in the clouds, while his dreams have absolutely no relation to reality.

Initially, he makes a very pleasant impression, but then his emptiness is revealed to his interlocutor. It becomes boring and cloying with him, since Manilov does not have his own point of view, but only maintains the conversation with banal phrases.

He does not have the vital forces that force him to do things.

There is an opinion expressed that Nicholas the First himself became the prototype of Manilov. Perhaps the academician had in mind the issue of the abolition of serfdom, which was not brought to its logical conclusion, on which, nevertheless, very often meetings of commissions were held.

Appearance Manilov

Even the appearance of this hero radiates sweetness and cloying. As the author notes, his facial features were pleasant, but this pleasantness was too sugary.

The first impression is positive, but only until he speaks. Manilov, whose characterization, it would seem, has nothing negative, is unpleasant to the author, who makes us feel his ironic attitude towards him.

Education and upbringing of a hero

This sentimental landowner, whose pleasantness was “too much given to sugar,” considers himself an educated, noble and well-mannered man. This does not prevent him, however, from keeping a bookmark on page 14 for two years in a row.

Manilov's speech is filled with kind words and, rather, resembles chirping. His manners could be called good, if not for excessive sophistication and delicacy, brought to the point of absurdity. Manilov abuses words such as “permit me,” “my dear,” “most honorable,” and speaks excessively positively about officials.

It is also impossible not to notice in his speech the abundance of indefinite adverbs and pronouns: this, some, that, some. When he talks about something, it becomes clear that his plans are not destined to come true. The nature of Manilov's reasoning makes it clear that his fantasies have nothing to do with reality. So, he dreams of a neighbor who could talk to him “about courtesy, about good treatment.”

He is incapable of thinking about real life, much less acting.
The elaborate names of Manilov's children, Themistoclus and Alcidas, also once again emphasize the desire to appear refined and sophisticated.

This is the landowner Manilov. “Dead souls” are a characteristic of Russian society of the 19th century. The author’s comparison of this hero with a “too smart minister” indicates the hypocrisy of representatives of the highest government authorities.

Positive qualities of Manilov

This hero of Gogol’s story still cannot be called negative. He is full of sincere enthusiasm, sympathy for people, and hospitable.

Manilov loves his family, his wife and children. He has a warm and, of course, too sweet relationship with his wife: “Open your mouth, darling, I’ll put this piece for you,” Manilov says to his wife. The characterization of this hero is impossibly saturated with sweetness.

Hero's leisure

All of Manilov’s activities boil down to being in a fantasy world. He prefers to spend time in the “temple of solitary reflection” and builds projects that can never be realized. For example, he dreams of making an underground passage from his house or building it across a pond.

Landowner Manilov dreams all day long. “Dead Souls” is a characteristic of dead heroic landowners, whose lifestyle speaks of the degradation of humanity. It is worth noting that this hero, unlike the others, has some attractiveness.

Comparative and Manilova

Unlike Manilov, the character of Goncharov is not new in Russian literature. Oblomov can be put on a par with Onegin and Pechorin, who also had great potential, but could not realize it.

Both the heroes of Pushkin and Lermontov, and the image recreated by Goncharov, evoke the sympathy of the reader. Gogol's hero, of course, is somewhat similar to Ilya Ilyich, but he does not evoke compassion or affection for himself.

Oblomov and Manilov, whose comparative characteristics are so often carried out by students at school, are indeed similar in many ways. In the image of the hero of the novel, Goncharov, perhaps, has even less external dynamics: he lies on the sofa from morning to night, builds projects to improve things on his estate, reflects, dreams. His plans do not come to fruition, because he is so lazy that sometimes he does not even get up from the couch in the morning to wash his face.

The concepts of “Manilovism” and “Oblomovism” are put on the same level, but they do not mean the same thing. A synonym for the word “Oblomovism” is “laziness.” “Manilovism” is best defined by the concept of “vulgarity.”

What is the difference between Oblomov and Manilov? A comparative description of these two characters cannot ignore such a point as the difference in intelligence and level of personality depth of these two heroes. Manilov is superficial, tries to please everyone, he has no opinion of his own. Ilya Ilyich, on the contrary, is a deep, developed personality. Goncharov's hero is capable of very serious judgments, he is not afraid of being misunderstood (the scene with Penkin), in addition, he is a truly kind person. It would be more correct to describe Manilov with the word “good-natured.”

The characteristics of Oblomov and Manilov are similar in the attitude of the heroes to issues of housekeeping. Ilya Ilyich is considering a response to an unpleasant letter from the headman, received several years ago, and is reflecting on plans for reforms in the affairs of the estate. It must be said that Oblomov receives such letters that disturb his peace every year.

Manilov was not involved in farming either; it runs by itself. To the clerk’s proposals to introduce some kind of transformation, the master replies: “Yes, not bad.” Very often Manilov plunges into empty dreams about how good it would be...

For what reason do readers like the hero of Goncharov’s story? The fact is that initially Manilov, as Gogol notes, seems like a pleasant person, but as soon as you talk to him a little longer, you begin to feel mortal boredom. Oblomov, on the contrary, initially makes a not very pleasant impression, but subsequently, revealing his best sides, wins the universal sympathy and sympathy of readers.

In conclusion, it should be noted that Manilov is a happy person. He is happy with his serene lifestyle, he has a beloved wife and children. Oblomov is deeply unhappy. In his dreams, he fights slander, lies and other vices of human society.

Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1–9.

But Chichikov simply said that such an enterprise, or negotiation, would in no way be inconsistent with civil regulations and further developments in Russia, and a minute later he added that the treasury would even receive benefits, since it would receive legal duties.

- So you think?

- I suppose it will be good.

“And if it’s good, that’s a different matter: I have nothing against it,” said

Manilov completely calmed down.

- Now all that remains is to agree on the price.

- What's the price? - Manilov said again and stopped. “Do you really think that I would take money for souls that have, in some way, ended their existence?” If you have come up with such a, so to speak, fantastic desire, then for my part I hand them over to you without interest and take over the deed of sale.

It would be a great reproach to the historian of the proposed events if he failed to say that pleasure overcame the guest after such words uttered by Manilov. No matter how sedate and reasonable he was, he almost even made a leap like a goat, which, as we know, is done only in the strongest impulses of joy. He turned so hard in his chair that the woolen material that covered the pillow burst; Manilov himself looked at him in some bewilderment. Prompted by gratitude, he immediately said so many thanks that he became confused, blushed all over, made a negative gesture with his head, and finally expressed that this was nothing, that he really wanted to prove with something the attraction of the heart, the magnetism of the soul, and the dead souls are in some ways complete rubbish.

“It’s not rubbish at all,” said Chichikov, shaking his hand. A very deep sigh was taken here. He seemed to be in a mood for heartfelt outpourings; Not without feeling and expression, he finally uttered the following words: “If you only knew what service this apparently rubbish rendered to a man without a tribe and clan!” And really, what did I not suffer? like some kind of barge among the fierce waves... What persecutions, what persecutions have you not experienced, what grief have you not tasted, and for what? for the fact that he observed the truth, that he was clear in his conscience, that he gave his hand to both the helpless widow and the unfortunate orphan!.. - Here he even wiped away a tear that rolled out with a handkerchief.

Manilov was completely moved. Both friends shook each other's hands for a long time and looked silently into each other's eyes for a long time, in which welling up tears were visible. Manilov did not want to let go of our hero’s hand and continued to squeeze it so hotly that he no longer knew how to help her out. Finally, having pulled it out slowly, he said that it wouldn’t be a bad idea to complete the deed of sale as quickly as possible, and it would be nice if he himself visited the city. Then he took his hat and began to take his leave.

(N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”)

Why did Manilov’s intention to give away dead souls for free make such a strong impression on Chichikov?

- So you think?

- I suppose it will be good.

“And if it’s good, that’s a different matter: I have nothing against it,” said

Manilov completely calmed down.

- Now all that remains is to agree on the price.

Show full text

Manilov gave his souls to Chichikov, refusing money, because he considered the dead souls “total rubbish.” Chichikov was very surprised and grateful to him, “If you knew what service this apparently rubbish rendered to a man without a tribe and clan.” Manilov's intention to give away dead souls for free