Yakim, naked as a hero, talks about life. Essay “Image of Yakim Nagogo”

Slide 1

The image of the character Yakim Naga in the poem by A.N. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
Performer: 10th grade students of MBOU Secondary School No. 9 Mosunova Polina Kadnikova Maria Mukhina Lada Head: Plokhotnyuk Inga Vladimirovna

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Naked Yakim is a character in the poem. In the village of Bosovo, Yakim Nagoy lives, He works to death, He drinks until he is half to death! - In the poem, he is brought to speak out in defense of the people on behalf of the people.
Place of the character in the work

Slide 3

The peasant is poor. After living in St. Petersburg to earn money, he decided to compete in court with a merchant and lost, ending up in prison. “Ragged like a sticker,” he returns to his homeland, to hard work. His house also burned down, from which only pictures survived.
Characteristics

Slide 4

The hero's appearance evokes pity. He has a “sunken chest” and a “depressed” stomach, and his hair resembles sand. “At the eyes, at the mouth there are bends like cracks”, “the neck is brown” “brick in person” At the same time, in his image a man appears inextricably linked with the earth, which begins to resemble a “lump of earth” and “a layer cut off by a plow”

Slide 5

Before us appears a man who, for 30 years, has been busy with the fact that: “He works until he’s dead, he drinks until he’s half to death!...” Working all the time, he remained a beggar, like many peasants at that time. Yakim was an honest peasant who loved truth and honest work
Originality of worldview

Slide 6

Yakima's monologue has a great impact on readers and people of the time. His monologue is filled with a firm belief that “thunder will roar” and Rus' will rise.

Slide 7

After everything he has experienced, Yakim has the strength to stand up for his compatriots: “yes, there are a lot of drunken men, but there are more sober ones, they are all great people in work and in revelry.”
Senses area

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Yakim had one start: he was very fond of popular prints, which he bought for his son. During the fire, he rushed to sleep first of all the paintings, and his wife the icons. This act testifies to the spirituality of the Russian people, who put material values ​​first.

Slide 9

In our opinion, the author treats Yakim Nagoy as a peasant very well. He presented him as a person who defends all the souls of the peasants, an unbroken person and who gave him a very interesting fate in life, not similar to other lives of the peasants. And he endowed with the most precious things, this is the establishment of spiritual values ​​higher than physical ones.
Author's attitude to the character

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With the help of a portrait, we see our hero no different from other peasants. He works like everyone else and gets drunk. We see him like most of the peasants.
What personality traits are revealed:

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Slide 12

From the side of other people, Yakim seems incomprehensible to them, since during the fire he primarily saved not his money, but pictures. Yakim, like many people, saves what is dear to him. And most expensive. The people who describe him consider him a “poor” old man

Slide 13

The master, who came to look at the men, decided to laugh at them because of their drunkenness, but Yakim demands from the master that you are the one “Don’t spread crazy news, shameless ones about us!” From the master’s point of view, Yakim is a quitter who only drinks and can be laughed at.

Slide 14

From his character biography we learn that: Yakim, a wretched old man, Once lived in St. Petersburg, but ended up in prison: He decided to compete with a merchant! Like a stripped piece of velcro, he returned to his homeland and took up his plow.” From his biography we can conclude that this peasant did not want to spend all his years in the villages, he wanted a better life, but his fate was sad. Returning to his homeland, he continued to live like all peasants and continue to work and work honestly.

Slide 15

Yakim, being with new people in an environment, does not constrain his fiery speeches, he says everything truthfully. From this we can conclude that in a new situation this character will not lie to please anyone. He will say what he thinks and considers right.

Slide 16

Yakim Nagoy raises the problem of public drunkenness. He says that: disasters, poverty - all this justifies peasant drunkenness, and it is not worth measuring the peasant “by the master’s standard.” Drinking makes a man calm down at least for a while and moderate his anger. Also in the poem, A.N. Nekrasov gives the image that one day Rus' will rise again, since Yakima’s monologue still has revolutionary manners.
Social problem and image

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https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/Who_lives_well_in_Russia (Nekrasov)/Part_one/Chapter_III._Drunk_night http://all-biography.ru/books/nekrasov/komu-na-rusi-zhit-horosho/yakim-nagoy- obraz http://www.litra.ru/composition/get/coid/00069601184864045411/woid/00075401184773069188/ http://lit-helper.com/p_Harakteristika_geroev_Komu_na_Rusi_jit-_horosho_Nekrasova_N_A http://all-biography.ru/books /nekrasov/ komu-na-rusi-zhit-horosho/obrazy-krestyan http://www.a4format.ru/pdf_files_bio2/4720a8c5.pdf http://all-biography.ru/books/nekrasov/komu-na-rusi-zhit- horosho/yakim-nagoy-obraz
Sources:

Slide 18

The work was completed by 10th grade students: Mosunova Polina Kadnikova Maria Mukhina Lada

“Who Lives Well in Rus'” is one of the most famous works by N.A. Nekrasova. In the poem, the writer managed to reflect all the hardships and torments that the Russian people endure. The characteristics of the heroes are especially significant in this context. “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is a work rich in bright, expressive and original characters, which we will consider in the article.

The meaning of the prologue

The beginning of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” plays a special role in understanding the work. The prologue resembles a fairy tale opening like “In a Certain Kingdom”:

In what year - calculate

In what land - guess...

The following tells about the men who came from different villages (Neelova, Zaplatova, etc.). All titles and names are telling; with them Nekrasov gives a clear description of places and characters. In the prologue, the men's journey begins. This is where the fairy-tale elements in the text end, the reader is introduced to the real world.

List of heroes

All the heroes of the poem can be divided into four groups. The first group consists of the main characters who went for happiness:

• Demyan;
• Novel;
• Prov;
• Groin;
• Ivan and Mitrodor Gubin;
• Luke.

Then come the landowners: Obolt-Obolduev; Glukhovskaya; Utyatin; Shalashnikov; Peremetev.

Slaves and peasants met by travelers: Yakim Nagoy, Egor Shutov, Ermil Girin, Sidor, Ipat, Vlas, Klim, Gleb, Yakov, Agap, Proshka, Savely, Matryona.

And heroes who do not belong to the main groups: Vogel, Altynnikov, Grisha.

Now let's look at the key characters in the poem.

Dobrosklonov Grisha

Grisha Dobrosklonov appears in the episode “A Feast for the Whole World”; the entire epilogue of the work is dedicated to this character. He himself is a seminarian, the son of a clerk from the village of Bolshiye Vakhlaki. Grisha's family lives very poorly, only thanks to the generosity of the peasants they managed to raise him and his brother Savva to their feet. Their mother, a farm laborer, died early from overwork. For Grisha, her image merged with the image of her homeland: “With love for the poor mother, love for all the Vakhlachina.”

While still a fifteen-year-old child, Grisha Dobrosklonov decided to devote his life to helping the people. In the future, he wants to go to Moscow to study, but for now, together with his brother, he helps the men as best he can: he works with them, explains new laws, reads documents to them, writes letters for them. Grisha composes songs that reflect observations of poverty and suffering of the people, and thoughts about the future of Russia. The appearance of this character enhances the lyricism of the poem. Nekrasov’s attitude towards his hero is clearly positive; the writer sees in him a revolutionary from the people who should become an example for the upper strata of society. Grisha voices the thoughts and position of Nekrasov himself, solutions to social and moral problems. N.A. is considered the prototype of this character. Dobrolyubova.

Ipat

Ipat is a “sensitive serf,” as Nekrasov calls him, and in this characteristic one can hear the poet’s irony. This character also makes travelers laugh when they learn about his life. Ipat is a grotesque character; he became the embodiment of a faithful lackey, a lordly slave who remained faithful to his master even after the abolition of serfdom. He is proud and considers it a great blessing for himself how the master bathed him in an ice hole, harnessed him to a cart, and saved him from death, to which he himself doomed. Such a character cannot even evoke sympathy from Nekrasov; only laughter and contempt are heard from the poet.

Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna

The peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is the heroine to whom Nekrasov dedicated the entire third part of the poem. This is how the poet describes her: “A dignified woman, about thirty-eight years old, broad and dense. Beautiful... big eyes... stern and dark. She’s wearing a white shirt and a short sundress.” Travelers are led to the woman by her words. Matryona agrees to talk about her life if the men will help in the harvest. The title of this chapter (“Peasant Woman”) emphasizes the typicality of Korchagina’s fate for Russian women. And the author’s words “it’s not a matter for women to look for a happy woman” emphasize the futility of the wanderers’ search.

Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina was born into a good, non-drinking family, and she lived happily there. But after marriage, she found herself “in hell”: her father-in-law was a drunkard, her mother-in-law was superstitious, and she had to work for her sister-in-law without straightening her back. Matryona was lucky with her husband: he only beat her once, but all the time, except winter, he was at work. Therefore, there was no one to stand up for the woman; the only one who tried to protect her was grandfather Savely. The woman endures the harassment of Sitnikov, who has no authority because he is the master’s manager. Matryona's only consolation is her first child, Dema, but due to Savely's oversight, he dies: the boy is eaten by pigs.

Time passes, Matryona has new children, parents and grandfather Savely die of old age. The most difficult years are the lean years, when the whole family has to go hungry. When her husband, the last intercessor, is taken into the army out of turn, she goes to the city. He finds the general's house and throws himself at the feet of his wife, asking for intercession. Thanks to the help of the general's wife, Matryona and her husband return home. It was after this incident that everyone considered her lucky. But in the future, the woman will face only troubles: her eldest son is already a soldier. Nekrasov, summing up, says that the key to female happiness has long been lost.

Agap Petrov

Agap is an inflexible and stupid man, according to the peasants who know him. And all because Petrov did not want to put up with the voluntary slavery that fate was pushing the peasants into. The only thing that could calm him down was wine.

When he was caught carrying a log from the master's forest and accused of theft, he could not stand it and told the owner everything he thought about the real state of affairs and life in Russia. Klim Lavin, not wanting to punish Agap, stages a brutal reprisal against him. And then, wanting to console him, he gives him something to drink. But humiliation and excessive drunkenness lead the hero to die in the morning. This is the price the peasants pay for the right to openly express their thoughts and desire to be free.

Veretennikov Pavlusha

Veretennikov was met by men in the village of Kuzminskoye, at a fair; he is a collector of folklore. Nekrasov gives a poor description of his appearance and does not talk about his origin: “The men did not know what family and rank.” However, for some reason everyone calls him master. necessary for the image of Pavlusha to be generalized. Compared to people, Veretennikov stands out for his concern about the fate of the Russian people. He is not an indifferent observer, like the participants in the many inactive committees that Yakim Nagoy denounces. Nekrasov emphasizes the hero’s kindness and responsiveness by the fact that his very first appearance is marked by a selfless act: Pavlusha helps out a peasant buying shoes for his granddaughter. Genuine concern for the people also attracts travelers to the “master”.

The prototype of the image was the ethnographers-folklorists Pavel Rybnikov and Pavel Yakushkin, who participated in the democratic movement of the 60s of the 19th century. The surname belongs to the journalist P.F. Veretennikov, who visited rural fairs and published reports in Moskovskie Vedomosti.

Yakov

Yakov is a faithful servant, a former servant, he is described in the part of the poem called “A Feast for the Whole World.” The hero was loyal to his master, endured any punishment and performed even the most difficult work without complaint. This continued until the master, who liked his nephew’s bride, sent him to recruit service. Yakov started drinking, but still returned to his owner. However, the man wanted revenge. One day, when he was taking Polivanov (the master) to his sister, Yakov turned off the road into Devil’s Ravine, unharnessed his horse and hanged himself in front of the owner, wanting to leave him alone with his conscience all night. Such cases of revenge were indeed common among peasants. Nekrasov based his story on a true story he heard from A.F. Horses.

Ermila Girin

Characteristics of the heroes of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is impossible without a description of this character. It is Ermila who can be considered one of the lucky ones whom the travelers were looking for. The prototype of the hero was A.D. Potanin, a peasant, manager of the Orlovs' estate, famous for his unprecedented justice.

Girin is revered among the peasants because of his honesty. For seven years he was burgomaster, but only once did he allow himself to abuse his power: he did not give his younger brother Mitri as a recruit. But the unrighteous act tormented Yermil so much that he almost killed himself. The intervention of the master saved the situation, he restored justice, returned the peasant who had been unfairly sent to the recruits and sent Mitri to serve, but personally took care of him. Girin then left the service and became a miller. When the mill that he rented was sold, Ermila won the auction, but he did not have the money with him to pay the deposit. The people helped out the peasant: in half an hour, men who remembered kindness collected a thousand rubles for him.

All of Girin’s actions were driven by the desire for justice. Despite the fact that he lived in prosperity and had a considerable household, when a peasant revolt broke out, he did not stand aside, for which he ended up in prison.

Pop

The characterization of the heroes continues. “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is a work rich in characters of different classes, characters and aspirations. Therefore, Nekrasov could not help but turn to the image of a clergyman. According to Luke, it is the priest who should “live cheerfully and freely in Rus'.” And the first on their way, the seekers of happiness meet the village priest, who refutes Luke’s words. The priest has no happiness, wealth or peace of mind. And getting an education is very difficult. The life of a clergyman is not at all sweet: he sees off the dying on their last journey, blesses those who are born, and his soul aches for the suffering and tormented people.

But the people themselves do not particularly honor the priest. He and his family are constantly the subject of superstitions, jokes, obscene ridicule and songs. And all the wealth of the priests consisted of donations from parishioners, among whom were many landowners. But with the cancellation, most of the rich flock scattered around the world. In 1864, the clergy was deprived of another source of income: schismatics, by decree of the emperor, came under the tutelage of the civil authorities. And with the pennies that the peasants bring, “it’s hard to live.”

Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolt-Obolduev

Our description of the heroes of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is coming to an end; of course, we could not give descriptions of all the characters in the poem, but we included the most important ones in the review. The last of their significant heroes was Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev, a representative of the lordly class. He is round, pot-bellied, mustachioed, ruddy, stocky, and sixty years old. One of the famous ancestors of Gavrila Afanasyevich was a Tatar who entertained the empress with wild animals, stole from the treasury and plotted the arson of Moscow. Obolt-Obolduev is proud of his ancestor. But he is sad because now he can no longer make money from peasant labor as before. The landowner covers up his sorrows with concern for the peasant and the fate of Russia.

This idle, ignorant and hypocritical man is convinced that the purpose of his class is one thing - “to live by the labor of others.” When creating an image, Nekrasov does not skimp on shortcomings and endows his hero with cowardice. This trait is manifested in a comical incident when Obolt-Obolduev mistakes unarmed peasants for robbers and threatens them with a pistol. It took a lot of effort for the men to dissuade the former owner.

Conclusion

Thus, N. A. Nekrasov’s poem is filled with a number of bright, original characters, designed from all sides to reflect the position of the people in Russia, the attitude of different classes and government officials towards them. It is precisely thanks to such a number of descriptions of human destinies, often based on real stories, that the work leaves no one indifferent.

Portrait of Yakim Nagoy - a poor peasant. Just like the seven wanderers, he is a collective image of the Russian peasant. The description of Yakima's appearance cannot but evoke pity. He has a “sunken chest” and a “depressed” stomach, and his hair resembles sand. At the same time, in the description of the hero’s appearance, another side of his image is revealed - this is a man inextricably linked with the earth, to such an extent that he himself began to resemble a “lump of earth”, like a “layer cut off by a plow.” “Yakim Nagoy lives in the village of Bosovo, He works himself to death and drinks until he's half to death!

History of Yakima Nagogo. His troubles and tribulations. The life story of Yakim Nagogo is very simple and tragic. He once lived in St. Petersburg, but went bankrupt and went to prison. After that, he returned to the village, to his homeland, and began inhumanly hard, exhausting work. “Since then, for thirty years he has been roasting on a strip in the sun, under a harrow he is saving himself from the frequent rain, he lives and tinkers with a plow, and death comes to Yakimushka. Like a lump of earth falling off, which had dried on the plow...”

How does the hero talk about life, what does he accept and what does he deny in the peasant way of life? Yakim understands that the peasantry is a great force; he is proud to belong to it. He knows what the strength and weakness of the “peasant soul” are. Yakim refutes the opinion that the peasant is poor because he drinks. And the peasants agree with him: “We drink, which means we feel strong!”

The moral qualities of the hero Nekrasov creates in Yakima Nagom a realistic portrait of a peasant worker. ❖ Yakim sees social injustice towards the people ❖ He shows the manifestation of spiritual needs. “Spiritual bread is higher than earthly bread”

Idea of ​​happiness 1. Yakim appears to us as not a simple peasant. Despite hard labor, he has not hardened his soul and knows how to appreciate beauty. So, he collected various pictures for his son, “hung them on the walls, and he loved to look at them.” When a fire started in the village and Yakim’s hut caught fire, he rushed to save not the hidden money, but his favorite pictures. In his life, the main thing is not only work and drinking, but also the contemplation of beauty. 2. Because of the difficult peasant lot, he began to drink; alcohol helps him forget. “Great sadness will come, so let’s stop drinking! . . Work wouldn’t overwhelm us, Trouble wouldn’t overwhelm us, Hop wouldn’t overwhelm us!”

Why are the travelers happy? they didn’t recognize the hero because Yakim Nagoy worked all the time, worked hard and constantly endured all the punishments, and when he didn’t work then he drank. So they gave him vodka not because they recognized him as happy, but rather because they were surprised that this exhausted, exhausted man, during the fire, rushed to save not his small savings, but the pictures he had bought to his son: “There was an incident with him: He bought pictures for his son, hung them on the walls, and he himself loved to look at them no less than the boy. God's disfavor came, the village caught fire - and Yakimushka had thirty-five rubles accumulated over a whole century. He would quickly take the rubles, but first he began to rip pictures off the wall; Meanwhile, his wife was fiddling with the icons, And then the hut collapsed - Yakim made such a mistake! The rubles merged into a lump, for that lump they give him eleven rubles. . . “Oh, brother Yakim! The pictures weren’t cheap! But I hung them in the new hut, I suppose?”

“Yes, he turned up drunk
Man, he's against the master
He was lying on his stomach...

With these lines, one of the images of poor peasants is introduced into Nekrasov’s poem - the image of Yakim Nagogo. This character, just like the seven wanderers, is a collective image of a Russian peasant, which is why the characterization of the image of Yakim Nagogo in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is so important for a holistic understanding of the work.

To create this image, Nekrasov uses the technique of “speaking names” - Yakim bears the surname Nagoy and lives in the village of Bosovo, which clearly indicates his poverty. The story of Yakima's life, as told by himself, is indeed not rich in joy. For a long time he lived in St. Petersburg to earn money, but then, due to a lawsuit with a merchant, he ended up in prison. “Ragged like a sticky stick,” he returns to his homeland, to the hard work he abandoned, and for thirty years now he has been working without complaint.

The description of Yakima's appearance cannot but evoke pity. He has a “sunken chest” and a “depressed” stomach, and his hair resembles sand. At the same time, in the description of the hero’s appearance, another side of his image is revealed - this is a man inextricably linked with the earth, to such an extent that he himself began to resemble a “lump of earth”, like a “layer cut off by a plow”.

Such comparisons are traditional for Russian folklore, in particular, in the verse “About Yegoriy Khorobrom” there is also a comparison of human hands with tree bark. And it is not surprising, because when creating this image, Nekrasov made abundant use of folklore, saturating the character’s speech with paraphrased proverbs and jokes. The Russian people are inseparable from their land and their speech - this is what becomes clear upon close acquaintance with the image of Yakima. At the same time, the author reflects on the fact that such a life as it is now does not bring any joy to the peasant, because he works not for himself, but for the landowner.

The reader is presented with a man whose work has taken all his strength. There was no outlet left in his life, except maybe drinking. Yakim, who “works until he’s dead, / drinks until he’s half to death!..”, is no different in this from the rest of the peasantry. But is he to blame for this? No, and therefore, in the mouth of this particular character, Nekrasov puts a fiery denunciation speech against the ingrained idea of ​​the Russian peasant as a bitter drunkard.

“Don’t spread crazy, unscrupulous news about us!” - this is what Yakim demands from the master who has come to laugh at the peasant drunkenness. Backbreaking labor, the results of which are often taken away by the landowner or destroyed by disaster, and immeasurable grief - this is what, in his opinion, pushes the peasant to drunkenness. But at the same time, his speech conveys the hope that over time everything will change: “hops will not overcome us!

" In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the image of Yakim does not consist of drunkenness alone—the versatility of his soul is shown here. Yakim had one passion: he was very fond of popular prints, which he bought for his son. When Yakima's hut caught fire, the first thing he did was take these pictures out of the fire, not his savings. At that time, his wife was saving the icons, and all the family’s money was burned - 35 rubles. This act is the best evidence of the spirituality of the Russian people, who do not put material values ​​first.

Drinking makes a man forget himself at least for a while and moderate his anger, but one day “thunder will roar” and Rus' will rise up. Nekrasov puts a monologue filled with firm faith in these events into the mouth of a drunkard, which perfectly conveys his understanding of the peasant soul and love for his people. It is not surprising that the excerpt from the poem about Yakim Nagogo was especially loved by readers of “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” It was he who was quoted more than once in journalism; revolutionaries and other writers relied on him in their works, in particular N. Chernyshevsky and N. Dobrolyubov. The image of Yakima is still interesting today, primarily due to its genuine sincerity.

N. A. Nekrasov worked on his poem for a long time - from the 1860s until the end of his life. During his lifetime, individual chapters of the work were published, but it was published in full only in 1920, when K.I. Chukovsky decided to release the complete collected works of the poet. In many ways, the work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is built on elements of Russian folk art; the language of the poem is close to that which was understandable to the peasants of that time.

Main characters

Despite the fact that Nekrasov planned to highlight the life of all classes in his poem, the main characters of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are still peasants. The poet paints their life in gloomy tones, especially sympathizing with women. The most striking images of the work are Ermila Girin, Yakim Nagoy, Savely, Matryona Timofeevna, Klim Lavin. At the same time, not only the world of the peasantry appears before the reader’s eyes, although the main emphasis is placed on it.

Often, schoolchildren receive as homework a brief description of the characters in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” and their characteristics. To get a good grade, you must mention not only the peasants, but also the landowners. This is Prince Utyatin with his family, Obolt-Obolduev, the generous governor’s wife, and the German manager. The work as a whole is characterized by the epic unity of all the acting characters. However, at the same time, the poet presented many personalities and individualized images.

Ermila Girin

This hero “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, according to those who know him, is a happy person. The people around him appreciate him, and the landowner shows respect. Ermila is engaged in a socially useful activity - she runs a mill. He works on it without deceiving ordinary peasants. Girin enjoys the trust of everyone. This manifests itself, for example, in the situation of collecting money for an orphan mill. Ermila finds herself in the city without money, and the mill is put up for sale. If he does not have time to return for the money, then it will go to Altynnikov - this will not hurt anyone. Then Girin decides to appeal to the people. And people come together to do a good thing. They believe that their money will be used for good.

This hero of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was a clerk and helped those who do not know it learn to read and write. However, the wanderers did not consider Ermila happy, because he did not pass the most difficult test - power. Instead of his brother, Girin becomes a soldier. Ermila repents of what she did. He can no longer be considered happy.

Yakim Nagoy

One of the main characters of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is Yakim Nagoy. He defines himself this way: “he works himself to death and drinks until he is half to death.” The story of Nagogo is simple and at the same time very tragic. He once lived in St. Petersburg, but went to prison and lost his estate. After that, he had to settle in the village and take up exhausting work. In the work, he is entrusted with protecting the people themselves.

Human spiritual needs are ineradicable

During a fire, Yakim loses most of his possessions, as he begins to save the pictures that he acquired for his son. However, even in his new home, Nagoy returns to his old ways and buys other pictures. Why does he decide to save these things, which at first glance are simple trinkets? A person tries to preserve what is most dear to him. And these pictures turn out to be more valuable to Yakim than money acquired through hellish labor.

The life of the heroes of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is an ongoing work, the results of which fall into the wrong hands. But the human soul cannot be content with an existence in which there is only room for endless hard labor. The spirit of the Naked requires something high, and these pictures, oddly enough, are a symbol of spirituality.

Endless adversity only strengthens his position in life. In Chapter III, he pronounces a monologue in which he describes his life in detail - it is hard labor, the results of which end up in the hands of three shareholders, disasters and hopeless poverty. And with these disasters he justifies his drunkenness. It was the only joy for the peasants, whose only occupation was hard work.

The place of a woman in the poet's work

Women also occupy a significant place in Nekrasov’s work. The poet considered their lot to be the most difficult - after all, it was on the shoulders of Russian peasant women that the duty of raising children, preserving the hearth and love in the harsh Russian conditions fell. In the work “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the heroes (or rather, heroines) bear the heaviest cross. Their images are described in most detail in the chapter entitled “Drunken Night”. Here you can encounter the difficult fate of women working as servants in cities. The reader meets Daryushka, who is emaciated from back-breaking work, women whose situation in the house is worse than hell - where the son-in-law constantly takes up the knife, “look, he’ll kill him.”

Matryona Korchagina

The culmination of the female theme in the poem is the part called “Peasant Woman”. Its main character is Matryona Timofeevna, whose last name is Korchagina, whose life is a generalization of the life of a Russian peasant woman. On the one hand, the poet demonstrates the severity of her fate, but on the other, the unbending will of Matryona Korchagina. The people consider her “happy,” and wanderers set off to see this “miracle” with their own eyes.

Matryona gives in to their persuasion and talks about her life. She considers her childhood the happiest time. After all, her family was caring, no one drank. But soon the moment came when it was necessary to get married. Here she seemed to be lucky - her husband loved Matryona. However, she becomes the youngest daughter-in-law and has to please everyone. She couldn't even count on a kind word.

Only with grandfather Savely Matryona could open her soul and cry. But even her grandfather, although not of his own free will, caused her terrible pain - he did not look after the child. After this, the judges accused Matryona herself of murdering the baby.

Is the heroine happy?

The poet emphasizes the heroine’s helplessness and in the words of Savelya tells her to endure, because “we won’t find the truth.” And these words become a description of Matryona’s entire life, who had to endure losses, grief, and insults from the landowners. Only once does she manage to “find the truth” - to “beg” her husband from the unfair soldiery from the landowner Elena Alexandrovna. Perhaps this is why Matryona began to be called “happy.” Or perhaps because she, unlike some of the other heroes of “Who Lives Well in Rus',” did not break down, despite any adversity. According to the poet, a woman’s share is the hardest. After all, she has to suffer from lack of rights in the family, and worry about the lives of loved ones, and do backbreaking work.

Grisha Dobrosklonov

This is one of the main characters of “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” He was born into the family of a poor clerk, who was also lazy. His mother was the image of a woman that was described in detail in the chapter entitled “Peasant Woman.” Grisha managed to understand his place in life at a young age. This was facilitated by hard work, a hungry childhood, a generous character, resilience and perseverance. Grisha became a fighter for the rights of all the humiliated, he stood for the interests of the peasants. What came first for him was not personal needs, but social values. The main features of the hero are unpretentiousness, high efficiency, the ability to sympathize, education and a sharp mind.

Who can find happiness in Rus'

Throughout the entire work, the poet tries to answer the question about the happiness of the heroes “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Perhaps Grisha Dobrosklonov is the happiest character. After all, when a person does a good deed, he has a pleasant feeling of his own worth. Here the hero saves an entire people. Since childhood, Grisha has seen unhappy and oppressed people. Nekrasov considered the ability to compassion to be the source of patriotism. For the poet, a person who sympathizes with the people starts a revolution is Grisha Dobrosklonov. His words reflect the hope that Rus' will not perish.

Landowners

Among the heroes of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” as was indicated, there are many landowners. One of them is Obolt-Obolduev. When the peasants ask him if he is happy, he only laughs in response. Then, with some regret, he recalls the past years, which were full of prosperity. However, the reform of 1861 abolished serfdom, although it was not completed. But even the changes that have occurred in social life cannot force the landowner to work and honor the results of the work of other people.

Matching him is another hero of Nekrasov’s “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Utyatin. All his life he “been weird and foolish,” and when social reform came, he was struck down. His children, in order to receive an inheritance, put on a real performance together with the peasants. They convince him that he will not be left with anything, and serfdom still reigns in Rus'.

Grandfather Savely

The characterization of the heroes of “Who Lives Well in Rus'” would be incomplete without a description of the image of grandfather Savely. The reader gets to know him already when he lived a long and hard life. In his old age, Savely lives with his son’s family; he is Matryona’s father-in-law. It is worth noting that the old man does not like his family. After all, household members do not have the best characteristics.

Even in his own circle, Savely is called “branded, a convict.” But he is not offended by this and gives a worthy answer: “Branded, but not a slave.” Such is the character of this hero “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” A brief description of Savely’s character can be supplemented by the fact that he is not averse to sometimes making fun of members of his family. The main thing that is noted when meeting this character is his difference from the others, both from his son and from the other inhabitants of the house.