The problem of family relationships arguments. The role of the family (parents) in the formation of the child’s personality - the problem of education - ready-made arguments and theses

Sofya Famusova, who grew up in an atmosphere of lies and deception, carefully hides her feelings from her father, realizing that he will not allow the development of relations with Molchalin. He does everything in defiance of his father. Molchalin, on the contrary, is faithful to his moral (or immoral) credo, builds his life as his father bequeathed: to please all people without exception. Griboyedov gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the future of both heroes.

2. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The upbringing of Petrusha Grinev remains beyond the pages of the text, but the main thing that the young nobleman learned from communication with his father (a strict and demanding man) is the need to be true to his word, take care of honor, and observe the laws of morality. He does this in all life situations. Even when his father forbids him to marry his beloved Masha Mironova, he accepts his will as a mandatory requirement.

3. N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"

From Chichikov’s childhood memories, the image of a gloomy, unkind, cruel father and his instructions about the need to take care and save a penny, the only idol in Pavel Ivanovich’s life, emerges. Chichikov builds his life according to his father’s behests and succeeds in many ways.

4. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

The relationship between mother and children in the Kabanov family is based on fear and hypocrisy. Varvara is accustomed to lying and is trying to teach Katerina this. But the brother’s wife had different relationships in the family; she does not accept her mother-in-law’s hypocrisy and fights her with her own means. The ending of such an upbringing is predictable: Varvara runs away from home, Katerina dies voluntarily, Tikhon rebels against his mother.

5. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

The “children” in the novel - Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov - at the beginning of the story act as a united front against the “fathers” in the person of Uncle Arkady - Pavel Petrovich. Nikolai Petrovich does not resist the bold and daring statements of his son and his friend. And he acts wisely and far-sightedly. Gradually, many discrepancies in his friend’s behavior are revealed to Arkady, and he returns to the bosom of his family. And Bazarov, who so easily criticizes the “romanticism” of the Kirsanovs, is absolutely sensitive to such behavior of his father, because he loves his parents and takes care of them.

6. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

The novel presents several families, in each of which relationships are built on certain principles. In the Kuragin family, this is the principle of profit and gain. Both the father and his children agree to any relationship, as long as it is profitable, that’s how marriages are made. The Drubetsky family is guided by the same principle: humiliation and servility are their tools in achieving their goals. The Rostovs live as they breathe: they enjoy friends, holidays, hunting - everything that decorates our lives. Father and mother try to be honest in everything with their children and each other. Benefits are not important to them. Practically ruining her family and herself, Natasha demands that carts be given to the wounded; this is the only thing a true patriot and merciful person can do. And the mother agrees with her daughter. The relationship between father and daughter Bolkonsky is similar. And although it seems that the father is too strict and intolerant towards his daughter, in fact, he understands too well the difficulties of his daughter’s upcoming life. Therefore, Princess Marya herself refuses Anatoly Kuragin, realizing how right her father is.

7. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Rodion Raskolnikov, explaining the reason for the murder of the old pawnbroker, says that he wanted to help his mother. In fact, he is very kind to his mother, trying to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. With trepidation and excitement, he remembers his father, from whom he was left with a watch (pawned to an old woman pawnbroker). The mother does not fully believe in the crime of her beloved Rodya.

8. A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"

In the play, daughter Anya, a seventeen-year-old girl, goes after her prodigal mother, lost somewhere in Paris, in order to return her to the bosom of the family to solve problems with the estate. Ranevskaya behaves naively and stupidly. Only Varya, the adopted daughter of the same Ranevskaya, is endowed with common sense. When Lyubov Andreevna gives a gold piece to a passing beggar, Varya cannot stand it and says that there is nothing in the house, and the lady is throwing away such money. Having lost everything, Ranevskaya leaves for Paris and takes away her aunt’s money, leaving her daughters to their fate. The girl Anya is going to the capital, and it is not clear how her life will turn out, where she will get money for living. Varya goes to work as a housekeeper. Fathers and sons change places here.

9. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"

In the Melekhov family, everything rests on the power of the father. And when Panteley Prokofievich finds out about Grigory’s relationship with Aksinya, he decides to marry his son to Natalya. Gregory submits to his father's will. But, realizing that he does not love his wife, he gives up everything and goes with Aksinya to work as workers. He agrees to shame in the name of love. But time destroys everything in the world, and the Melekhovs’ house, the foundations of Cossack life, collapses. And soon no one obeys the laws of life, everyone lives as they want. Daria advances on her father-in-law with an obscene proposal, and Dunyashka puts her mother in a hopeless position and literally forces her to give her blessing for marriage to Mishka Koshev.

10. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was war”

The story focuses on two families, Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya. Iskra's mother is a female commissar, strong-willed, domineering, and strict. But when the mother once again decides to flog her daughter with her soldier’s belt, she responds in the spirit of her mother - just as strictly and irrevocably. And the mother understands that the girl has matured. Vika and her father have a completely different relationship - warm and trusting. When the girl is faced with a choice: abandon her father or be expelled from the Komsomol, Vika decides to take her own life. She cannot abandon her beloved father, no matter what suspicions fall on him.

Misunderstanding between generations arises due to differences in worldviews
Parents' advice means a lot to children
A person’s attitude towards his parents can be used to judge his moral qualities.
Not taking care of your parents means betraying them
Parents are not always good to their children.
Many are ready to sacrifice the most precious things in order for their children to be happy
Correct relationships between children and parents are built on love, care, support
Sometimes the truly close person becomes not the one who gave birth, but the one who raised

Arguments

I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. In this work we see the real one. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people share the same views: they say they are nihilists - people who reject generally accepted values. The older generation doesn't understand them. The conflict leads to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeniy Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with Bazarov’s teachings, and returns to his family.

N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. Father not only wants to give Ostap and Andriy a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their Motherland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andria for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a Polish woman). Despite seemingly fatherly love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.

A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he teaches the girl only to think about financial well-being. Such views are alien to Sofya Famusova; she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that they will not support her. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to always and everywhere seek profit: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wanting to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The only problem is that these very views are incorrect.

A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to serve, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” The father's words became the most important moral guideline for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was truly important for him not to betray his father and homeland. This example is a clear confirmation that parental instructions help the child learn the most important moral values.

A.S. Pushkin “Station Warden”. Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents’ house with Minsky, who was staying at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go on foot to St. Petersburg to find Dunya. One day he was lucky enough to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who betrayed him, came to the grave with three barchats and lay there for a long time.

K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lived a very bright, eventful life in Leningrad. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she didn’t even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova’s letter that she has become completely unwell is not taken seriously by Nastya and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person most dear to her.

F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he actually wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty and troubles. As he pawns the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the thing.

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. In the work we see several families whose lives are based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to do any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helene marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. A completely different atmosphere reigns among the Rostovs: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky raises his children in strictness, but this severity is for their benefit. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.

A.N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”. In Kabanikha's family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has learned to lie perfectly, which she wants to teach Katerina too. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.

A. Aleksin “Division of property.” Verochka was raised by her grandmother Anisya: she literally put the child, who had suffered a severe birth injury, back on his feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which displeases her real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends in court, where the property is divided. What strikes Verochka most is that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is having a hard time with the situation; she writes a note to her parents, defining herself as property that should go to her grandmother.

The problems captured in the headlines are, so to speak, the direction for an essay on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Arguments, correctly selected to reveal the topic, are the basis of the work; it is to this that the inspectors first of all pay attention when counting the points. In this collection you will find both, and you can also download it in table format at the end of the article.

In the book by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” happiness, according to the author, lies in good deeds and the desire to be useful and necessary to another person. Doing good is the main goal of the individual, the achievement of which brings joy and satisfaction. Building a life based solely on personal desires is unacceptable, because people’s life goals are much broader. They have the power to change and transform the world for the better, create something new and share it with others. The more you give, the more you receive in return. “The greatest goal in life is to increase the goodness in those around us. And goodness is, first of all, the happiness of all people” - this is Likhachev’s simple formula of happiness, which makes you think about the true purpose of life and truly important values.
The characters of the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" they talk about the nature of happiness, remember it as an unattainable dream, and, nevertheless, each of them is deeply unhappy. For each of them, happiness is defined differently: for some, it is the possession of material wealth, achieving success in business; for others - peace of mind, enjoyment of memories, experiences of past love. Obsessed with the search for bliss, they are still limited by spiritual lack of freedom, lack of understanding of their own life, in which they feel dissatisfied and lonely. However, happiness is what each of them unconsciously strives for, wanting to experience for the first time or regain a feeling of complete satisfaction. For Ranevskaya, Gaev, Lopatin and other characters in the play, the search for good is closely connected with the contradictions of the past and present, with the impossibility of achieving it due to internal and external circumstances, the instability of desires and goals.
A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" at first glance, it is dedicated to the everyday life of a simple Russian village, where people work, live their lives, and obey established laws and habits. Among them, Matryona is an exceptional heroine. In conditions of consumer relations, human indifference, moral desolation, people forget about true benefits and values, giving preference to selfish petty happiness embodied in objects and things. And only Matryona maintains spiritual purity and joy of life, despite the fact that she has had to endure many trials: the loss of loved ones, hard work, illness. The heroine finds solace in work. Deprivations and hardships do not make her callous and cruel; on the contrary, her happiness lies in the desire to be needed, to help people, to give everything without demanding anything in return. Her love for her neighbor is active and selfless. In this openness to the world, true happiness manifests itself.
In O. Henry's short story “The Gift of the Magi” Della and Jim are a married couple. They are in straitened circumstances and experience financial difficulties, but this does not prevent them from loving each other devotedly and tenderly. Each of them is sure that his personal happiness lies in the happiness of the other, therefore, sacrificing their own interests, they do not feel bitterness at all; on the contrary, they rejoice at the opportunity to give a holiday to their loved one. Della sells her hair to buy Jim a watch chain, and Jim sells his watch to give her a comb. By sacrificing the things most beloved and dear to their hearts, the heroes gain immeasurably more: the opportunity to bring happiness to the one you love.
In the philosophical fairy tale-parable of A. De Saint-Exupery “The Little Prince” the search and understanding of happiness becomes one of the final goals of the Little Prince's journey. It turns out that in order to be happy, you need to not be lonely. The main thing is to find a friend that you can take care of, be it a lamb in a box, a fox or a beautiful flower. The closeness of a sincere, real and devoted comrade is a necessary condition for being happy. Taking responsibility for the one you love, helping and empathizing with him are the components of joy, without which life is like an endless dead desert. Happiness is felt with the heart, and, as a rule, it is found in simple human joys.

Imaginary happiness

In the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Gooseberry" The problem of happiness is not solved through selfless service to one's neighbor. Obviously, to each his own! Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Himalayansky has everything he dreamed of for so long: his own house in the village, a carefree landowner’s life without labor or worries, and most importantly, gooseberries, which the hero spends all his free time eating. But such a simplified happiness is false: spending time in idleness, Nikolai Ivanovich neglects himself, loses his moral character, and ceases to live a full spiritual life. And, besides, he paid too dearly for such a seemingly simple joy: he married a rich widow, whom he later brought to death. Stinginess and pettiness became the main components of his character. Having become rich, he became content, but lost the opportunity to achieve true inner harmony, immeasurable in material units.
Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin, hero of the story by N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat"- an ordinary and small person. He doesn’t need much: he carefully and responsibly does his meager work, lives from hand to mouth, but, in essence, is quite happy with his fate. The usual course of his existence is disrupted by the need to buy a new overcoat. Bashmachkin’s reverent attitude towards his acquisition is so great that the long-awaited new thing occupies all his thoughts, subjugates all his actions and impulses. An ordinary thing becomes the meaning of life and happiness of this little person, obsessed with the material component of existence. Bashmachkin perceives such a miserable existence as happy until his favorite overcoat is taken away from him by random robbers. The story makes you think not only about the importance and necessity of compassion and helping your neighbor, but also about the real reasons for happiness. The official misunderstood him, which is why he fell victim to his mistake.
In the philosophical novel by O. Balzac “Shagreen Skin” the desire for happiness and external well-being leads the main character Raphael de Valentin to death. His path from poverty to wealth was long and difficult: rejected by the woman he loved and having no means of support, he decided to commit suicide. However, fate gives him the opportunity to choose: he enters into a deal with the owner of an antiquities shop and acquires a wonderful talisman. A piece of shagreen skin fulfills his wishes, in return taking away precious minutes of life. Now Raphael has everything: recognition, money, luxury goods. Having received the opportunity to live the way he wanted, the hero understands that external well-being is of no value to him. Life becomes beautiful and meaningful only when he meets true love - the young beauty Polina. But the time allotted to him to search and achieve happiness is hopelessly lost. Too late, Rafael understands that true values lie not in wealth, but in the variety of bright and selfless human feelings.

Search for happiness

IN novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" the search for happiness becomes one of the key themes. Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov, Helen Kuragina, Nikolai Rostov, Fyodor Dolokhov and other heroes are people very different in character and life attitudes. Each of them understands happiness in their own way: Bolkonsky seeks it in military triumphs and glory, Pierre - in knowledge and acceptance of himself, Helen Kuragina - in a marriage of convenience. Many of the characters, faced with the conventions of society and simple life difficulties, change their beliefs, abandon the views and aspirations with which they were full in the initial stages of their lives. Their ideas about happiness also change: Pierre finds joy only after meeting Natasha, Bolkonsky becomes disillusioned with the idea of heroic deeds in the name of glory, and finds true joy in love and compassion for his neighbor. The author's position in the novel is obvious: the answer to the question of happiness is individual for each person. It all depends on the degree of openness of the soul, its readiness to learn and accept others.
Sometimes the search for happiness is complicated by everyday difficulties, overcoming which takes a lot of effort. IN stories by A.P. Platonov “River Potudan” Red Army soldier Nikita Firsov returns home after several years of absence. The native village and the home environment as a whole have changed a lot, they have become lonely and deserted, devoid of their former happiness. Nikita is trying to build a new life on the ruins of the old one. He works in the workshop, helping his father. The next day after returning, Firsov meets Lyuba, a childhood friend with whom they shared a tender childhood relationship. The heroes fall in love and decide to start a family together. But, exhausted by hunger and want, work and everyday difficulties, they cannot build the happiness they so need. Nikita, overwhelmed with a feeling of dissatisfaction and lack of understanding of his place in life, decides to escape to a neighboring city. There he lives and works until his father finds him. When he returns, he finds Lyuba, dying and sick. Pity and love overwhelm him, he understands that he has never experienced such a need for happiness as he does now. His search ends the moment the hero realizes that the main goal is to share pain and joy with others, to protect and protect his neighbor who needs him.
main character novel by G. Flaubert “Madame Bovary” also spends his life in search of happiness. Brought up on romantic novels about love, sublime stories about the depths of the human heart, Emma Bovary leaves the monastery and returns to the village to her father, where she is faced with absolute vulgarity and routine, breaking her ideas about the destiny of a woman. In an attempt to escape from the situation that is disgusting to her, she marries a provincial doctor, thereby hoping to make her idealistic dreams come true. But the tragedy of the heroine lies in the fact that she is faced not only with the vulgarity of the bourgeois world, but also with her own vulgarity, which, due to her upbringing and environment, she is unable to eradicate in herself. The search for happiness, the desire to experience a truly sublime feeling pushes Emma to cheat on her husband. Her protest against established traditions and habits brings her lower and lower. Plunging into the bourgeois existence she hates, she loses the opportunity to be happy.
In M. Gorky's play “At the Depths” the characters are passionate about thinking about the nature of happiness. People living in poor conditions talk about the purpose of man, good and evil, the meaning and joy of life. Behind each of them is a genuine human tragedy: Baron, Actor, Mite, Ash, Nastya and other heroes live on the social bottom. They are forever cut off from society, but do not lose hope of finding well-deserved happiness. Many of them mentally return to the past, they have come to terms with their existence, while others make a desperate attempt to fight for their future. They seek support and understanding from the wanderer Luke, who accidentally dropped into the shelter. Luke tries to save the heroes from cruel reality, leading them into the world of beautiful illusions, where the highest truth for a person is the truth in which he himself wants to believe. But the harshness of reality destroys the hopes of the characters, and the search for happiness is overshadowed in the play by the motive of the unfulfillment of the characters’ ultimate desires.

Is it possible to be happy at the expense of others?

In the story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" The path to long-awaited happiness became a difficult test for the heroes, in which not only their mutual feelings, but the personal qualities of each of their characters were tested. The struggle for the happiness of two loving hearts - Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev - is overshadowed by severe obstacles: a parental ban on marriage, the Pugachev rebellion, the betrayal of Alexei Shvabrin. Shvabrin is an exceptional character in his goals and actions. His path to happiness lies through betrayal and lies. He wooes Masha, but is refused, so he seeks to denigrate her in the eyes of Peter in order to stop their mutual inclination. Having not achieved what he wanted, he resorts to betrayal and goes over to the side of the enemy out of spiritual cowardice and personal motives. He tries to get what he wants by resorting to deception and threats, which means he chooses an erroneous and unworthy path, shameful for a real person. At the expense of other people's grief, he tries to build his own happiness, but he fails to succeed.
Molchalin is one of the heroes Comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"- is proud of his rapid career advancement. He dreams of building a successful career, becoming an influential person and succeeding in life. A poor nobleman from the provinces, he lives in Famusov’s house and in the shortest possible time receives the position of secretary from him. However, Molchalin achieves results not by virtue of his merits, but thanks to his ability to serve higher ranks. He treats influential people with trepidation and envy, trying to attract their attention to himself in order to curry favor. This is a hero - a pragmatist and a cynic. To become happy, he needs wealth and recognition from society, so he begins to court Famusov’s daughter, Sophia. But the hero does not have sincere feelings for her, but only uses her to achieve his mercantile goals. The path to happiness for him lies through servility, humiliation and flattery. However, his cunning plan becomes public knowledge, and Molchalin is defeated.
IN novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” the heroes are also trying to build their own happiness, but in trying to understand what it consists of, each of them faces a number of difficulties. Raskolnikov, Sonya, Svidrigailov, Marmeladov and other characters are trying to understand and accept life. Rodion gets to know her through the prism of his vague theory, Sonya sees her path in sacrificial and selfless help to her neighbor. Court Councilor Pyotr Luzhin wants to achieve a high position in society. To be happy, it is enough for him to feel like a benefactor and a ruler in the eyes of other people. He is flattered by the servile admiration of those below him. Therefore, Luzhin wants to marry Duna Raskolnikova. By taking a poor girl as his wife, he hopes to thereby acquire a servant who is devoted and grateful to him. This understanding of happiness reveals the pettiness, prudence and soulful meanness of the hero, unable to do good deeds from a pure heart. He does not achieve his goal and runs away in shame, because his rotten nature was seen through by potential relatives.

The unattainability of happiness

Main character novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" escapes boredom in the wilderness of the village. Tired of social life, he tries to find new meanings away from the society he hates. But Onegin fails to escape from himself. He kills his friend Lensky in a duel, rejects Tatyana's Love, and all because selfishness and spiritual cowardice make him unable to take responsibility for another person. Despite this, Evgeniy is a noble and deep personality, eager to fill his life with worthy goals and find justification for his own existence. But in the search for happiness, he is faced with its ultimate unattainability. Having met Tatyana, whose love he once rejected, at the ball, the hero falls in love, but he is no longer able to make the girl happy. For Onegin himself, the opportunity to be happy is irretrievably lost.
IN novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time" the problem of the ultimate unattainability of happiness is one of the main ones. Grigory Pechorin is an extraordinary person, strong, active, but initially deprived of the opportunity to be happy, due to his isolation from the rest of society, insolvency and helplessness in the face of life. Pechorin wants to find happiness, trying to find it in books, in war, in communication with other people. But constantly rejected by those around him, the hero becomes bitter and disappointed in his search. Having once realized that happiness is unattainable for him, he does not value life at all, living it as he has to. Due to natural human weakness, he is still unconsciously drawn to people, each time hoping to find love and understanding. But deep down in his heart he remains alone. The search for happiness becomes for him a constant, but meaningless activity, doomed to failure.
In Kuprin's story "Olesya" the unattainability of seemingly imminent happiness becomes the life drama of the characters. Ivan Timofeevich, who accidentally drove into the wilderness of the forest, meets a charming girl who leads a solitary life away from people. The heroes are not similar to each other, but this does not prevent them from falling in love passionately. It would seem that finding mutual joy is not so difficult! But the harshness of the real world, with its conventions and limitations, disrupts the idyllic existence of the characters. Residents of a nearby village, accustomed to living a primitive life based on traditions, reject Olesya for her difference from them. The sincere love of the heroes turns out to be powerless in the struggle of sublime happiness with cruel and merciless reality.
V.G. Korolenko in his essay “Paradox” very ambiguously identified the problem of happiness. “Paradox” is a philosophical parable that reveals to the reader the relativity of happiness, its ultimate unattainability. At the center of the story is a boy from a wealthy family. Together with his brother, they often spend time in the garden, having fun and playing. One day, many people begging come to their yard. In order to earn a living, they demonstrate unusual tricks to a curious public. One of them is Jan Krysztof Załuski. From birth he has no arms, and the body itself is devoid of proportions. The paradox of the hero is that, despite his physical illness, he preaches a philosophy of the joy of life. A person for whom happiness is seemingly unattainable, talks about it as an unchangeable component of human destiny. “Man is created for happiness, like a bird is created for flight,” says Zalusky. With his sudden appearance, he taught the children an important lesson. However, at the end of the story, the hero completes the aphorism expressed earlier: “But happiness, alas, is not given to everyone.” This, in his opinion, is the contradiction of existence: a person desperately strives for harmony and joy, but he is unable to achieve absolute happiness.

(45 words) We see an example of maternal love in Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba”. When the sons return home, the mother rushes to meet them and even shames the father for immediately provoking the young people into conflict. Although she risked angering her husband, this did not stop her love.
(36 words) Tolstoy’s story “Childhood” describes the warm and tender relationship between Nikolai and his mother. The boy felt the selfless and strong love of his mother, so he reached out to her with all his soul. And his childhood dies with her.
(41 words) Unfortunately, not everyone is lucky enough to feel maternal love. In Chekhov's story "Vanka" the hero becomes an orphan early on. He has only vague memories left of his mother, which is why he is so unhappy and lonely. Pelageya could protect her son, no matter what the cost.
(34 words) In Mark Twain’s story “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,” the hero was left without maternal love. This affected his character: he became a lazy and disobedient boy. Obviously, without the warmth of maternal care, children grow up unhappy and abandoned.
(49 words) The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” from Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” tells about an ideal family where a mother takes care of her child and loves him very much. Ilyusha is never allowed to play for a long time in the cold or in the sun; he is always well fed and well dressed. Oblomov's mother devoted all her time to caring for her son.
(46 words) In one of the parts of Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov,” which is called “Boys,” we are talking about the reverent feeling of a widow for her son. The woman devoted herself entirely to the child and raised a brave, strong and intelligent boy. Kolya loved his mother no less, although he was embarrassed to show his feelings like she did.
(39 words) An example of maternal love can be seen in Dostoevsky’s novel “Poor People”. The widow worked day and night to feed her daughter and bring her into the people. Varenka forever remembered this maternal feat, so for the rest of her life she tried to be worthy of it.
(35 words) In Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor,” the heroine loved her adopted daughter as if she were her own. She sacrificed all her property for her. For the sake of Kira, Matryona was ready to do anything. No wonder even such a selfish girl burst into tears at the funeral of her benefactress.
(48 words) In Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” the hero did not know his parents, so his heart was as cold as the walls of his prison. He was able to overcome this cold and these walls only in order to find his family, to feel the warmth and care of his mother. Because of the unrealizability of this dream, he dies.
(49 words) In Karamzin’s story “Poor Liza” we see the daughter’s exceptional gratitude for her mother’s love. This is exactly how we should thank our parents for taking care of us. Lisa does not spare herself and works to provide for her mother, only because the woman set such an example for her daughter throughout her life.

Examples from life

(45 words) I remember the story of the star of our class - excellent student Lena. She was always ready for lessons, knew everything and even won regional competitions. But all her achievements were invariably accompanied by maternal care: her mother constantly supported her. Thus, success in life begins with love in the family.
(45 words) For as long as I can remember, my mother has always been there: at a performance in kindergarten, at the first line, at all school events. Feeling her participation, I became confident. Everything worked out for me, and they praised me, but I knew who I really needed to say “thank you.”
(49 words) My friend was a very good athlete, but he was always too worried before competitions. I saw how difficult it was for his mother to be with him at such moments. However, she did not give up and supported him with the same calm in any case and under any circumstances. How I envied her fortitude!
(47 words) Motherly love pushes a woman to heroic deeds. During the war, my great-grandmother gave almost all the food to my grandmother, because the girl was born weak and sickly. Today our heroine is no longer with us, but my grandmother still remembers her wartime, but happy childhood, which her mother saved and protected.
(42 words) My grandmother has always been an example of maternal love for me. In his youth, my father wanted to go to fight in Afghanistan, but his mother knew what awaited him there, so she pretended to be sick so that he would stay. As a result, he found himself in a peaceful life, and his grandmother waited for her grandchildren.
(52 words) A real mother is not always the one who gave birth. My mother’s friend took her daughter from an orphanage, but fell in love with her in a way that not every mother can love. She took the little girl to clubs, developed and taught her in every possible way, and her Tanya entered a good university on a budget. This is largely due to her adoptive mother.
(47 words) Mother's love will never betray. I have seen mothers forgive their children even for crimes. For example, my neighbor forgave her son who beat her and robbed her. No one heard any reproach or complaint. I only remember how she was looking for a doctor who could help her son recover from alcoholism.
(62 words) My friend went to discos. Her mother was very worried, but understood that her daughter’s growing up was inevitable. Therefore, she signed her number in her phone with someone else’s name and asked her to call her as a friend if the girl was invited somewhere, so that the attackers would not suspect anything, and in the meantime, the mother could find them and help out her daughter. A loving mother is capable of any tricks just to save her child.
(53 words) My mother also takes care of me. When I became very ill and was afraid to go to the hospital, she went to bed with me and also went on a diet so that I would not be offended. She also entertained me in every possible way, did not let me get discouraged and bored. I am very grateful to her for those difficult days that became fun thanks to her.
(39 words) My mother always supports me. For example, she learned English to help me do my homework. Mother's love made tedious classes simple and exciting, I even fell in love with this language because my mother teaches it to me.

Date of publication: 12/25/2016

Ready-made arguments for writing the Unified State Exam, which emphasize:

The problem of the role of the family in the formation of a child’s personality

The problem of the influence of parents on the development of a person’s personality

The problem of continuity of generations

The problem of education

Possible theses:

Most often, children grow up to be the same as their parents.

It is in the family that moral values and life principles are laid in the child’s personality

Children adopt both positive and negative traits from parents who serve as examples for them.

D. I. Fonvizin comedy “The Minor”

A striking example of the influence of parents on the formation of a child’s personality is Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.” Mrs. Prostakova invested considerable sums in the education of her only son. She loved Mitrofanushka with all her mother’s heart and overly pampered him, pitied him and cherished him without reason, not noticing her son’s shortcomings. The child, realizing his value in the eyes of his mother, took advantage of his position. Prostakova's excessive guardianship led to the fact that the young man grew up as a lazy, selfish and uneducated person, unable to love even his own mother.

Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” can serve as proof that children learn a lot from their parents. Mrs. Prostakova hired teachers for her son, although she herself was illiterate. In front of Mitrofanushka, she beat the servants, insulted her husband, showed complete disrespect for others and behaved boorishly, or, on the contrary, flattered rich guests. It is not surprising that the young man grew up the same way and behaved rudely even towards his own mother. Seeing how his son pushes away his dearest person, Starodum summed up: “These are the fruits worthy of evil!”

B. L. Vasiliev novel “Don’t shoot white swans”

The problem of the family’s influence on the child’s personality is also touched upon in Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans.” Yegor Polushkin, the main character, showed a reverent and caring attitude towards all living things. His son Kolka took over his father’s love of nature. When the boy found out that the flayer Vovka was going to torture the puppy to death, he, without hesitation, gave up his spinning rod to save the animal, although he understood that he would never be given such a thing again.

Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans” shows how similar children are to their parents. Buryanov, being a forester, abused his position. He cut down forests, stripped linden trees, and did not keep order in the territory entrusted to him. Vovka, who for money took tourists to places where hunting and fishing were prohibited, did not go far from his father.

Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans” shows that children adopt both positive and negative traits from their parents. Yegor Polushkin loved all living things, and his son was the same: he wrote poems about caring for nature, and in order to save a puppy, he gave his brand new spinning rod to a flayer. Forester Buryanov took advantage of his position, cut down forests, peeled linden trees, which did not serve as the best example for his son Vovka. The boy grew up as a ruthless and greedy blackmailer.

A. S. Pushkin story “The Captain's Daughter”

The problem of the influence of family on a person’s personality is also touched upon in Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”. Andrei Grinev paid great attention to raising his son, wanting the boy to become a real man. Seeing Petrusha off to work, his father gave him the order: “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” Perhaps it was thanks to this that the young man showed his best side during the rebellion, demonstrating courage, honesty and thirst for justice.

L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace”

Family values are passed on from parents to children, and Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” can serve as an example of this. In the Rostov family, where moral values played an important role, the children: Nikolai, Peter and Natasha, adopted such qualities from their parents as openness, honesty and kindness. In the Kuragin family, where everything was decided by money, Helen and Anatole grew up to be as selfish and selfish as their father.