In the footsteps of Pushkin. Estate "Arkhangelskoye"

Usa dba "Arkha Ngelskoye" is a palace and park ensemble of the late 18th century. The estate is located on the banks of the oxbow of the Moscow River in the Krasnogorsk district of the Moscow region, 2 km southwest of Krasnogorsk.

Previously, Arkhangelskoye was called Upolozye, after the name of one of the owners - Alexei Ivanovich Upolotsky, known since 1537. In 1646, here in the possession of Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev there was an estate and a wooden church in it. In the 17th century, the Odoevsky princes became its owners. From 1681 to 1703 the estate belonged to Prince M. Ya. Cherkassky. From 1703 to 1810, the estate remained in the Golitsyn family. In 1810, Arkhangelskoye was acquired by Prince N.B. Yusupov. The estate was plundered. In addition, in 1820 the estate was damaged by fire. The best Moscow architects I. Zhukov, O. Bove, E. Tyurin were invited for restoration; Giuseppe Artari re-painted the walls of the dining room (Egyptian Hall), front rooms and other rooms.

At various times it was visited by such outstanding figures of Russian culture as the historian and writer N. M. Karamzin, poets A. S. Pushkin and P. A. Vyazemsky, writers A. I. Herzen and N. P. Ogarev, artists V. A. Serov, A. N. Benois, K. E. Makovsky, K. A. Korovin, musicians K. N. Igumnov and I. F. Stravinsky. Members of the Russian imperial family did not ignore Arkhangelskoye either. Alexander I and Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III, as well as Nicholas II visited here.

In 1901, the architect P.V. Kharko carried out repairs and restoration of individual rooms of the main manor house. In 1910, the artist I. I. Nivinsky carried out restoration of the paintings and grisailles of the main house. In 1919, the estate was turned into a historical and art museum. Later, in 1934-1937, on the site of the former greenhouses above the Moskvoyreka, the buildings of the Central Military Clinical Sanatorium "Arkhangelskoye" appeared, somewhat changing the view of the Moskvoyreka valley.

Temple of the Archangel Michael (1660s)

ESTATE ARKHANGELSKOYE

The State Museum-Estate "Arkhangelskoe" is located in the Krasnogorsk district of the Moscow region, 20 kilometers west of Moscow. This estate is a wonderful monument of Russian artistic culture. The majestic beauty of the estate itself and the variety of unique museum collections brought Arkhangelsk world fame.
Until 1810, Arkhangelskoye belonged to the Golitsyn princes, but the real flourishing of the estate began after it came into the possession of a wealthy Russian nobleman, art connoisseur and philanthropist, Prince N. Yusupov. Under the new owner, Arkhangelskoye became one of the most popular centers of social life in Moscow. The estate was visited by Russian emperors, noblemen, politicians, famous poets and publicists.
The architectural ensemble of Arkhangelsk includes the Grand Palace, the Church of Michael the Archangel, a theatre, the Colonnade burial vault and a regular 18th-century park with the Small Caprice Palace.
The Grand Palace in Arkhangelskoye was erected in 1786-1790 by Russian craftsmen according to the design of the French architect C. de Guern. The high entrance arch of the gate with an openwork cast-iron grille leads to the front courtyard, in the depths of which the palace rises. Double white-stone colonnades connecting the palace with the outbuildings solemnly frame the front courtyard. A belvedere was built above the second floor of the building, giving the palace a unique appearance. In one of the wings of the palace there was the famous art gallery and library of Prince Yusupov.
The stone Church of the Archangel Michael was built in the 1660s on the site of a 16th-century wooden church. A wall with a massive arched opening was erected in front of the northern façade of the church in 1826.
In the theater, built in 1817-1818 according to the design of P. Gonzago, the scenery and curtain by this famous Italian decorative artist have been preserved to this day.
The temple-tomb "Colonnade" is the latest construction on the territory of the estate. The monumental, domed building with granite colonnades was built in 1909-1916 after the death of one of the Yusupov princes in a duel, but was never used for its intended purpose.
The 18th century regular park, which occupies the central part of the Arkhangelskoye estate, was laid out simultaneously with the construction of the Grand Palace. The terraces of the park, descending to the banks of the Moscow River, are decorated with marble statues, busts, vases and benches made by Italian masters. In the western part of the park there is the Small Palace "Caprice" and the "Tea House" pavilion, in the eastern part there is the "Pink Fountain" gazebo. From the south, the regular park was once closed by two large greenhouses with residential buildings. In the 1930s, buildings of the Arkhangelskoye sanatorium were built in their place.
Nowadays, the Arkhangelskoye estate is a museum with unique collections of paintings of the 17th-19th centuries, engravings, sculptures and decorative arts. The museum houses one of the largest collections of rare books in Russia - about 16 thousand volumes.
For many years, the State Museum-Estate "Arkhangelskoye" was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense. In November 1985 it was closed for restoration, and in January 1997 it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.
Since 1998, the Arkhangelskoye museum-estate, reviving previous traditions, has been hosting classical music concerts “Autumn Divertissement in Arkhangelskoye” and open-air musical evenings.

“Palace in Arkhangelskoye. Yusupov Palace.
I'm walking along Pushkin Alley.
No, I don’t dare compare myself with a genius,
But many times, from end to end,
I'll go this way. After all, the earth itself is here
Consecrated by the presence of the poet."

The Arkhangelskoye estate is one of the most beautiful palace and park ensembles in Moscow and the Moscow region. For three centuries, its owners were the princes Odoevsky, Golitsyn, and Yusupov. A worthy setting for the palace complex was the park, thanks to which the estate is called the “Versailles of the Moscow Region.”

At various times it was visited by such outstanding figures of Russian culture as the historian and writer N.M. Karamzin, poets A.S. Pushkin and P.A. Vyazemsky, writers A.I. Herzen and N.P. Ogarev, artists V.A. .Serov, A.N.Benois, K.E.Makovsky, K.A.Korovin, musicians K.N.Igumnov and I.F.Stravinsky. Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III, as well as Nicholas II visited here.

We walk around the estate clockwise. The first thing we see is the Yusupov temple-tomb “Colonnade”. This is the latest construction on the territory of the Arkhangelskoye estate. The monumental building topped with a dome with granite wings of colonnades was created in 1910-14. designed by architect R.I. Klein.

Erected as a temple-tomb shortly after the death of Prince in a duel. N.F. Yusupova, the building was never used for its intended purpose. Inside it is a hall decorated with columns, covered with a high dome. Now there are exhibitions here.

Does this building remind you of anything? When you look at it, you immediately remember the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

The first mention of this place appears in 1584 as the estate “Upolozy” in honor of the owner of the patrimonial property Upolotsky. This is just a small village with a wooden temple of the Archangel Michael. We go to the temple through this “Holy Gate”.

In the early 1640s. The village was bought by the boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev, known in the history of Russia for the fact that after the end of the Time of Troubles he brought Mikhail Romanov from the Ipatiev Monastery to Moscow in 1613, and his father, Metropolitan Philaret, later the Patriarch, from Polish captivity.

An adobe fence - a wall with a massive arched opening - was built in front of the northern facade of the Church of the Archangel Michael according to the design of the architect Evgraf Tyurin.

Along the edges of the wall there are three-tiered towers, stone at the bottom and topped with wooden quadrangles with spiers. "Tower of the Old Witch" not far from the church.

The adobe fence is purely decorative. Its length is 80 meters.

In the middle of the 17th century. the village was in the possession of the Odoevsky princes, quite famous figures of their time. In the 1660s. By their order, a stone church was erected on the site of a wooden church under the leadership of the serf architect Pavel Potekhin. At the same time, the village began to be officially named Arkhangelsk.

Since 1703, the estate passed to Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn, who, under Empress Anna Ioannovna, was accused of “criminal intentions” to deprive the empress of power.

For Arkhangelsky, the mystical number is the number 107. The Golitsyns ruled the estate from 1703 to 1810, the Yusupovs - from 1810 to 1917, that is, each family - for 107 years. Interesting fact.

After the death of Peter II, Catherine I’s successor on the Russian throne, from smallpox, Prince D.M. Golitsyn actively participated in the political struggle over the succession to the throne. He was among those members of the Supreme Privy Council who proposed that the widow of the Duke of Courland, the niece of Peter I, Anna Ioannovna, ascend the throne on conditions (“conditions”) that reduced her power to a purely nominal one.

The Privy Council considered her a complete fool and intended to rule in her name. But, having become empress, Anna Ioannovna neglected these “conditions.” Prince D.M. Golitsyn was accused of “criminal intentions to deprive the empress of power” and in 1736, by order of Anna Ioannovna, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress, where he died.

His grandson, Prince Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn, was an advanced and enlightened man, and under him the estate began to take on its current appearance.

We approach the main building of the estate - the Great Palace. The Arkhangelsky ensemble is very reminiscent of our Peterhof.

On the territory of the estate there are three beautiful parks - Italian with terraces, sculptures and balustrades, regular French with berceau galleries and trimmed trees, and landscape English. Below we see an Italian terraced park.

The design of the Big House belonged to the French architect C. Gern. Construction work in the palace lasted more than forty years. The abundance of glazed doors and windows indicates that this is a summer palace.

Inner courtyard of the palace. From this gate you can get to the far exit from the estate.

A characteristic feature is the presence of numerous columns. They are present on all facades, giving the rather monumental building lightness and grace.

In 1798, Prince N.A. Golitsyn was dismissed. By 1800, its affairs fell into decline, financial difficulties began, and construction in Arkhangelskoye stopped. Later the estate was mortgaged. In 1809 Nikolai Alekseevich died. His widow, Maria Adamovna, decided to sell the estate. By that time they already had about 700 serfs.

The first contender for the purchase of Arkhangelsk was Prince Ivan Naryshkin. The Vyazemsky princes, who also wanted to purchase the estate, considered the estate “too magnificent” and requiring large expenses. But this is precisely what attracted one of the richest and most noble nobles of Catherine’s time, a connoisseur and connoisseur of art, collector and diplomat, Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov. For him, the considerable price of the estate turned out to be acceptable - 245 thousand rubles in banknotes, and the large expenses required for its completion and maintenance.

The genealogy of the Yusupov princes goes back, neither more nor less, to the Prophet Muhammad. At least, that’s what Nogai Khan Yusuf, a contemporary of Ivan the Terrible, said. His great-grandson Abdullah-Murza, “Russian at heart, although a Muslim,” was named Demetrius at baptism.

The night after his baptism, the prophet Mohammed appeared to him in a dream and said: “As an apostate, you will be punished. From now on, in each new generation of your family, only one heir will live to be 26 years old, the rest will die.” This curse came true, and in five generations of the Yusupovs, only one boy lived to adulthood.

The Prophet rendered a good service to the Yusupov family, since there was always one heir, the inheritance was not divided, and this richest family in Russia surpassed even the family of Russian emperors in wealth. For example, the prince could easily afford to invite the great Italian sculptor Antonio Canova to decorate his parks with statues.

Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov told his manager: “Just as Arkhangelskoye is not a profitable village, but is spent and for fun, and not for profit, then try to start something that is rare, and so that everything is better than others.”

You can’t do anything with ten million rubles a year. There was also a swimming pool with trained goldfish with precious earrings, the first zoo in Russia with all sorts of pelicans, flamingos and other penguins, deer, camels, bears...

All the guests, including the Russian emperors, were amazed by this luxury. Among the guests was the young A.S. Pushkin, who was most impressed by A. Canova’s sculptures.

Here young Sasha meets Emperor Alexander I, and in admiration dedicates his poems to him: “The ruler is weak and crafty, a bald dandy, an enemy of labor...”

To decorate his theater, Yusupov invites the most outstanding Italian decorator and artist Pietro Gonzago. But to make it different from everyone else, he creates a theater without actors with only a change of scenery. Emperor Alexander I and the King of Prussia, after sitting for a couple of hours in such a theater, almost died of boredom.

These labyrinths of wild ivy and haphazard trees around are the third park in the estate, an English landscape park. It's easier to create than others because you don't need to do anything to create it.

Along the same green corridor we find ourselves at the far end of the estate, passing by the rectangle of the French park. Walking through these tunnels is a pleasure.

View of the Grand Palace from the park alley. On the left is a maze of bushes, on the right are just trees.

Parks that merge into each other go down to the Moscow River. Here we stand on the top one and see the next two.

And here we are standing on the second one, and we see the lower one, made in the form of a French park. The author of these terraces is the Italian Giacomo Trombara.

Under Prince N.B. Yusupov, Arkhangelskoye finally became a single estate complex. It reflected the royal scope of the “enlightened” 18th century, when people who believed in their power did not want to set limits to earthly beauty.

Next to the palace there is a monument to Catherine II the Great in the form of Themis. It says: “You, whom heaven sent and fate granted, to wish fairly and achieve what you want.” The prince idolized the empress until the end of his life.

The relationship between N.B. Yusupov and Catherine II was interesting. At one time, the prince was her lover and favorite, to whom anything was possible, but soon the queen found him a bride from among her ladies-in-waiting, Tatyana Engelhardt, with a huge dowry of as much as 20 million.

Here we see the small palace “Caprice” by the architect E.D. Tyurin, built under the last Golitsyn.

Next to it is the “Tea House”.

It was called the “Tea House” because it was first a library, and then a warehouse. They never drank tea in this building.

And above it are tall ship pines. The air in the estate is as if you drink it like water, thick and pine-like.

View of the Grand Palace. This rectangle with walls of topiary is a French formal estate park.

And below, on the last terrace, there is the Arkhangelskoye sanatorium. I don't know who lives in it. Here is one of his buildings.

We go down to the water. It must be said that only a sufficiently hardy person can get around Arkhangelskoye at one time. The distances are not small, and there are constant descents and ascents.

In the clearing near the water, as expected, there are continuous picnics. Unfortunately, you can’t see through the trees how far down we have come.

Even under the Golitsyns, the Swedish engineer Johann Norberg built two dams on the Goryatinka River flowing into the Moscow River. The resulting ponds served as a reservoir for the operation of two hydraulic machines, which, using a system of wooden pipes, supplied water to the park, greenhouses, vegetable garden, stables, utility and residential buildings. This made it possible to introduce into the estate another curiosity for the Moscow region estates of that time - fountains.

We climb back along another path, completing the circle clockwise. On the way we come across a completely collapsed gazebo over a cliff, where everyone probably comes to get married.

And we find ourselves at the point where we started the journey - near the Yusupov temple-tomb “Colonnade”. This bridge leads to it.

The last owner of Arkhangelsk, Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova, had two sons, Nikolai and Felix, favorites of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II. But in 1908, the eldest son, Nikolai, died in a duel at the age of 25. That is, he does not live to see 26. The ghost of the curse of the Prophet Muhammad floats in the air of the estate.

In memory of him, a statue of the German sculptor K. Barth “The Mourning Genius” was installed at the exit of the estate.

And the last monument, or rather a bust. While here, Pushkin wrote a message “To the Nobleman,” addressed to Prince N.B. Yusupov. His manuscript preserves a drawing: a bent old man in a wig with a pigtail and a caftan from the time of Catherine II, leaning on a cane, walks through the park. Since then, these Pushkin lines have been forever associated with Arkhangelsky:

« Stepping beyond your threshold,
I'm suddenly transported to the days of Catherine,
Book depository, idols and paintings,
And slender gardens testify to me,
Why do you favor the muses in silence.”

The last heir of the family, Prince Felix Yusupov, fulfilled the curse of the prophet in his own way. The young man was feminine and narcissistic, loving to dress in women's clothing; he was clearly distinguished by a penchant for homosexuality and high self-esteem.

Well, besides this, he is known as the main killer of Grigory Rasputin. If he had not done this, it is difficult to say how the further history of the Russian Empire would have gone.

As a result, all the scions of the ancient and richest family of Russian princes, instead of the family tomb "Colonnade", rested in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo "Cleopatra's Feast". Cleopatra in the form of Catherine the Second dissolves a pearl in wine, and Mark Antony sits opposite her like a fool.

Believing in the curse, Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova made a will back in 1900: “In the event of a sudden cessation of the family line, all our movable property, consisting of collections of fine arts, rarities and jewelry collected by our ancestors and us, we will bequeath to the ownership of the State to satisfy aesthetic and scientific needs of the Fatherland."

The further course of history fulfilled this desire. A revolution occurred, and the most famous estate in the Moscow region was completely plundered by the workers' and peasants' government.

“Roman Dubrovsky by A.S. Pushkin” - Understanding of honor and dishonor by the heroes of the novel “Dubrovsky”. And it is precisely the insulted dignity, the insult to family honor that drives Dubrovsky. But having become a robber, Vladimir Andreevich remains a fair man. Humanity and compassion awoke even in Troekurov’s rough heart, but, as we remember, the real laws of life turned out to be stronger.

“Pushkin Young Peasant Lady” - Blizzard. Tale. How can you not recognize the master and servant? Daughter of Muromsky. And you’re dressed wrong, and you talk differently, and you don’t call the dog like us. Scenery. "Belkin's Tales". Images of the main characters. The cycle was created in the famous Boldino autumn of 1830. Alexei. Belkin's Stories" is the first completed work of A.S. Pushkin.

“Mozart and Salieri” - How does Mozart feel about his work, what does it say about the servants of art? Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin Artist V.A. Tropinin. Image analysis. Lesson plan. In “Little Tragedies” A.S. Pushkin showed the all-consuming passions and vices of a person’s soul. (Test). Illustration for the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri. (Based on the tragedy by A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”).

“Pushkin’s Tales” - Who was A.S.’s personal censor? Pushkin? Biography of A.S. Pushkin 20. What was the name of the heroine of the story “The Young Lady-Peasant”? There are no taverns. Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. "The Tale of Tsar Saltan". in Boldino. Lisa - Betsy - Akulina. in Germany. The priest told Balda to take a rent from the devils for: What does the gathering of monsters at the table in Tatyana’s dream look like?

“Heroes of the novel “Dubrovsky”” - Comparative questions. Conflict. Shower at Prince Vereisky's. Tricky questions. Attention. Plot development. Letter. First cover of the novel. The main characters of the novel. Junior officer rank. Stages of work on a work. What song did Troekurov often sing? Vladimir Dubrovsky. Secret wedding. Vocabulary work.

The museum was created based on A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden” and archival documents. Stationmaster. Visiting the stationmaster. The coachmen rested here, waiting in line to leave. In the red corner is the caretaker's desk. A.S. Pushkin saw the heroes of his works. Museum "Stationmaster's House" in Vyra.

There are 29 presentations in total

Subject:"The world of estates near Moscow."

Goals and objectives:

1. To introduce students to the diverse world of estates; teach to distinguish between different types of estates.
2. Develop skills in working with local history material; the ability to describe and characterize monuments of Russian architecture.
3. Develop interest in the history of the native land, a sense of patriotism.

Lesson type: combined with the use of new information technologies.

Equipment: map of the Moscow region, multimedia installation, book exhibition.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizing time.
2. Introductory and motivational stage.
3. Organization of educational activities.
4. Control and correction.
5. Results.

During the classes:

1. Org. moment.
2. Introductory and motivational stage.

There is a question written on the board for students to think about during the lesson.

“Were Russian nobles patriots?”

Conversation:

a) Who do we call patriots?
b) Who are the nobles?
c) When did the nobility arise?
d) What did the nobles receive for serving the sovereign?
e) Why did the second half of the 18th – early 19th centuries remain in history as the heyday of estates near Moscow?

Introductory words from the teacher:

Although the nobles initially received estates with dependent peasants for their service, the heyday of estates near Moscow occurred only in the second half of the 18th century. Before this, the life of the nobility was unsettled and wretched, but during the reign of Catherine II, real palaces were erected in the Moscow region. Why?

In 1762, the “Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility” was signed. The nobles received the right not to serve, but to engage in the arrangement of their possessions.

3. Organization of educational activities.

Teacher's word:

The Russian estate is a whole amazing “country within a country”, a special continent, a wonderful phenomenon of history and culture. The estate opened up enormous opportunities for the manifestation of the owner’s personal tastes in the architecture of the house, the layout of gardens and parks, and the creation of artistic, scientific and other collections. And, of course, the estate is, first of all, the childhood world of Russian nobles, who left free meadows in their memory for the rest of their lives. playing with peers, observing wildlife.

Any landowner who was at all wealthy, not to mention nobles, aspired to have their own mansion house in Moscow, St. Petersburg or another large city. But in the summer all the landowner families moved to the village. Every spring, as soon as roads were established after the spring thaw, the “great migration” of nobles from the city to the village, to their homestead, began.

Types of estates:

1) Entertainment.
2) Profitable.

During the lesson, highlight the main features of these two types of estates (that is, it is necessary to determine what is characteristic of both types).

Arkhangelskoe estate.

Teacher's word:

Let's turn to the history of the Arkhangelskoye estate. It, like a drop of water, reflected the fate of many other noble estates near Moscow. The first mention of Arkhangelskoye dates back to 1584. Having changed many owners, the estate in 1703 became the estate of Prince Golitsyn. There was a one-story wooden house here. Inside, the main luxuries were four leather chairs. The best asset of the house was the library.

Question: Can we call such an estate rich?

But soon the situation changed. Grand construction began here. In 1810, the widow of Prince Golitsyn sold the estate to the nobleman Yusupov. The new owner of Arkhangelsk, a rich man, a diplomat, was an excellent connoisseur and connoisseur of art.

Computer presentation.

(Frames depicting architectural monuments of the estate are accompanied by text, dates, and teacher information).

Question: What type of estate does Arkhangelskoye belong to?

In our Stupino district there are also several noble estates. Some were completely destroyed, others are being restored. Let us dwell in more detail on the fate of the Otrada estate (Semenovskoye village). It is located about 40 kilometers from our city. In the 70s of the 18th century, construction began on the banks of the Lopasni River. The owner of these lands was Count Vladimir Grigorievich Orlov.

The children prepared a presentation about Otrada (photos, dates accompanied by information from the students).

Computer presentation.

Exercise:

List what is typical for pleasure-type estates (park, gazebos, library, large halls, ponds, etc.).

What should be in a farmstead? (stables, barns, warehouses, mill, forge, farm).

Students must draw a type of farmstead (a drawing was prepared in advance, which must be supplemented with appropriate elements and details during the lesson).

Let's return to the problem task: Were Russian nobles patriots?

4. Control and correction stage.

a) What do the names “Otrada”, “Fun”, “Not boring” tell us?
b) Mark the correct statements with a “+” sign, and the incorrect ones with a “-” sign.

1. Having received freedom, the nobles were forced to open manufacturing production on the territory of their estates.
2. The “Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility” allowed the nobles to begin organizing their estates.
3. Carefully planned and lovingly arranged estates stood in contrast to the disorder and chaos of the surrounding world.
4. The owners of the estates sought to emphasize their independence and autonomy.
5. The construction of estates near Moscow was partially financed by the state.

5. Results: Assessment, homework.