Attitude to wealth to the ranks of Chatsky and Famusov. Chatsky’s attitude to service, rank and wealth
Nesterova I.A. Famusov and Chatsky, comparative characteristics // Nesterov Encyclopedia
Comedy A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" does not lose its relevance, as it is a reflection of human weaknesses and vices that remain unchanged despite historical changes.
Illustration by D. N. Kardovsky for the comedy “Woe from Wit.” 1912
Great comedy by A.S. Griboedova Woe from Wit" was conceived by the author in 1816, and saw the light only in 1825, and even then not in the full version, but excerpts. Only in 1833 the play was published in Russian in its entirety.
The comedy came under close attention from critics. Many of them unanimously note in their works that the comedy “Woe from Wit” stands apart in literature. I. A. Goncharov in his article “A Million Torments” compares the comedy with a hundred-year-old man, feeling cheerful and fresh between the graves of old and the cradles of new people, and says that “Woe from Wit” appeared before Onegin, Pechorin, and outlived them and will survive many more eras and still not lose its relevance.
In the immortal comedy, we are shown Moscow, captured with special tenderness; the life of the Moscow nobility, its interests, aspirations, and relationships is very accurately conveyed.
It was thanks to the picture of the Moscow brotherhood represented by the “Famusov society” that the expression “Griboedov’s Moscow” acquired a common meaning.
But nevertheless, the basis of A. S. Griboyedov’s play was the eternal conflict of “fathers and sons”, the clashes of interests of the “present century”, which is symbolized by Chatsky, and the “past century”, very accurately conveyed in the image of Famusov. Chatsky and Famusov are contrasted against the backdrop of two different worldviews, two different incarnations of Moscow.
Famusov is conservative and completely unwilling to accept the fact that the world is changing. He cultivates around him the same stubborn and cunning sycophants as himself. At the same time, Chatsky cannot claim to be a full-fledged personification of the “present century”, since he is too stubborn and at the same time is not ready to make efforts to change “Famus society”. He doesn't want to start small or be content with little.
Chatsky, like any liberal, does not know how to be understandable. He is alien to both representatives of the “Famus society” and ordinary people.
The collision of the “present century” and the “past century” occurs due to the fact that people like Chatsky are hostile to representatives of the “Famus society”. Pavel Afanasyevich and his like-minded people cannot understand the complete correctness of the young man’s ideas.
Already from the first act it becomes clear how different people Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov and Alexander Andreevich Chatsky are. In the very first episodes, Famusov expresses his opinion about books and service (“what’s my business, what’s not my business... is signed, off my shoulders”). From Sophia’s conversation with Liza, we learn that Pavel Afanasyevich, “like all Moscow people,” values only rank and wealth in people, and he himself tells Sophia:
Anyone who is poor is not a match for you.
Chatsky appears to us completely differently in the first act. Sincere, enlivened by a date with his beloved girl, witty, he laughs at Famusov, sharply jokes about the life and pastime of the nobles of Famusov’s circle.
In the first act, an ideological conflict brews between Famusov and Chatsky, which unfolds in the second act. Their dispute shows strong disagreement on all issues.
Pavel Afanasyevich tries to teach Chatsky:
“Brother, don’t mismanage your property.
And most importantly, come and serve."
He reinforces his teachings with a reference to the court orders of Catherine’s times, when his uncle Maxim Petrovich gained the Empress’s favor with flattery and servility, and convinces Chatsky to serve, “looking at his elders.” And then Gribodov’s hero responds with a phrase that has become a phraseological unit:
“I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.”
He believes that one must serve “the cause, not individuals,” and approves of those young people who “are in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.” Alexander Andreevich defends the right of a person to freely choose his own activities: travel, live in the countryside, “focus his mind” on science or devote himself to art. In response to this, Pavel Afanasyevich declares Chatsky a dangerous person who does not recognize the authorities, and threatens him with trial.
Famusov is a person who does not recognize human dignity in people of a low class, who considers the landowner’s right to dispose of people as he pleases to be completely legal. Chatsky, on the contrary, shows respect to ordinary people, calls the Russian people “smart, cheerful,” and directs his anger against such serf owners as Famusov in the famous monologue “Who are the judges?..”
Differences in views, culture, and morality are clearly visible in the speech of Chatsky and Famusov. Famusov's speech is the speech of a not very educated, but intelligent, cunning, powerful master, accustomed to consider himself infallible. He argues with Chatsky, defends his views, sometimes showing wit.
Chatsky is an educated man, his speech is logical, rich in intonations, figurative, it reflects the depth of his feelings and thoughts. He passionately defends his rights and deeply believes in the power of reason, in the power of words. People like Chatsky destroyed the old world as soon as it seemed possible. Chatsky’s word was then his business, his merit. It corresponded to his educational views. However, it wouldn’t hurt to demonstrate some deeds in addition to words. The lack of concrete actions, excessive pathos, combined with great intelligence and honesty, creates the image of an idealist who does not want or cannot change anything in the ossified world of bribe takers and scoundrels, to which Famusov belongs. This is the main tragedy of Chatsky.
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Attitude to the people and serfdom
Be bad, but if you get enough
Two thousand ancestral souls, -
He's the groom. (Famusov)
Aren't you the one to whom I was born from the shrouds?
For some incomprehensible plans,
Did they take the child to bow?
That Nestor of noble scoundrels,
Surrounded by a crowd of servants;
Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fights
Both honor and life saved him more than once: suddenly
He traded three greyhounds for them!! !
Or that one over there, which is for tricks
He drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers and fathers of rejected children? !
I myself am immersed in mind in Zephyrs and Cupids,
Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!
But the debtors did not agree to a deferment:
Cupids and Zephyrs all
Sold out individually!! ! (Chatsky)
to ideals
Famusov society
1. The deceased was a venerable chamberlain,
With the key, he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
Rich, and married to a rich woman;
Married children, grandchildren;
Died; everyone remembers him sadly.
Kuzma Petrovich! Peace be upon him! -
What kind of aces live and die in Moscow! (Famusov)
2. We would learn by looking at our elders:
We, for example, or the deceased uncle,
Maxim Petrovich: he’s not on silver,
Ate on gold; one hundred people at your service;
All in orders; drove forever in a train:
A century at court, and at what court!
Then it was not the same as now,
He served under the Empress Catherine. (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. Focus your mind on science, hungry for knowledge.
2. 4. Everyone breathes more freely
And he’s in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.
to service
Famusov society
1. Yes! they (the papers) were missing.
Have mercy that this suddenly fell
Diligence in writing! (Famusov)
2. I'm afraid, sir, that I'm the only one who's dead,
So that a multitude of them (cases) do not accumulate;
If you had given it free rein, it would have settled;
And for me, what matters and what doesn’t matter,
My custom is this:
Signed, off your shoulders. (Famusov)
3. And, most importantly, go ahead and serve. (Famusov to Chatsky)
4. Well, really, why would you serve with us in Moscow?
And take awards and have fun?
(Molchalin to Chatsky)
5. But I firmly picked up some new rules.
The rank followed him: he suddenly left the service,
In the village I began to read books.
(Skalozub about his cousin)
6. I am quite happy in my comrades,
Vacancies are currently open:
Then the elders will turn off others,
The others, you see, have been killed.
(Skalozub about the reasons for his rapid promotion)
7. As I work and force,
Since I've been listed in the Archives,
Received three awards. (Molchalin)
8. My father bequeathed to me:
First, please all people without exception -
The owner, where he will live,
The boss with whom I will serve,
To his servant who cleans dresses,
Doorman, janitor, to avoid evil,
To the janitor's dog, so that it is affectionate.
Chatsky
1. I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.
2. Who serves the cause, not individuals...
3. Does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in it,
But if you wanted to, it would be businesslike.
It's a pity, it's a pity, he's small in head,
And he writes and translates well.
(Famusov about Chatsky)
4. When in business, I hide from fun,
When I'm fooling around, I'm fooling around;
And mix these two crafts
There are many masters, I am not one of them.
(Chatsky to Molchalin about his attitude to business and entertainment)
foreigners and foreign
1. And here from all sides
Longing, and groaning, and groaning.
Oh! France! There is no better region in the world! -
The two princesses, sisters, decided, repeating
A lesson that was taught to them from childhood.
Where can one go from the princesses?
(Chatsky about the attitude of representatives of Famus society towards foreigners of the younger generation)
2. And all the Kuznetsky Bridge, and the eternal French,
From there fashion comes to us, both authors and muses:
Destroyers of pockets and hearts!
When the Creator will deliver us
From their hats! caps! and stilettos! and pins!
And book and biscuit shops! . (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. As we have been accustomed to believe since early times,
That without the Germans we have no salvation!
2. Ah! if we are born to adopt everything,
At least we could borrow some from the Chinese
Their ignorance of foreigners is wise.
Will we ever be resurrected from the alien power of fashion?
So that our smart, cheerful people
Although, based on our language, he didn’t consider us Germans.
1) Chatsky 2) Famous societyATTITUDE TO WEALTH, RANKS, CAREER:1) “Ranks are given by people, but people can become naked.”First, mockingly, and then angrily protests against the ruling rabbis in society, who demand slavish obedience, hypocrisy and opportunism.2) Famusov: “With me, strangers’ employees are very rare; More and more sisters, sisters-in-law, children... Be bad, but if there are two thousand family members, Tom and the groom.”Molchalin: “After all, you have to depend on others. ... We are of small ranks.”ATTITUDE TO THE SERVICE:1) “I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening...”"When I'm busy, I hide from fun,When I'm fooling around, I'm fooling aroundAnd to mix these two craftsThere are tons of skilled people, I am not one of them."2) Famusov: "...My custom is this: Signed, off your shoulders." Molchalin: "Well, really, what would you like to serve us in Moscow?And take awards and have fun?”ATTITUDE TO SERfdom:1) Famusov about Chatsky (with horror)“A dangerous man! He wants to preach freedom! But he doesn’t recognize the authorities!”He calls the feudal landowners “noble scoundrels,” some of whom “he drove to the serf ballet on many wagons from the mothers and fathers of rejected children,” who were then all “sold off one by one.” He dreams of ridding the Russian people of slavery.2) Khlestakova: “Out of boredom, I took with me Arapka the girl and the dog, - Tell them to feed, already, my friend.... From dinner, they left a handout.” In this society, man and dog have the same value: the landowner exchanges serfs who “more than once his life and honor were saved” by three greyhounds.ATTITUDE TO EDUCATION:1) Well educated.Famusov about Chatsky“...he’s a smart guy, and he writes nicely, translate” 2) Khlestakov: “You’ll really go crazy from these, just from boarding schools, schools, lyceums...” Skalozub: “... You won’t faint me with your learning. .."Famusov:"...Learning is a plague, learning is the reason, What is worse now than before, There are crazy people, and deeds, and opinions."HOW HEROES UNDERSTAND THE MIND:1) “There are important people who were considered fools...... but called by the whole world,Especially in recent years,That they have become smart, no matter where..."(It is assumed that these lines are dedicated to Alexander 1)The mind in Chatsky’s understanding is enlightenment, progressive views, the desire to seek good not for oneself, but for the Fatherland. For Famusov, it is the mind of a rebel, “carbonari”. That is why, in his perception, Chatsky’s mind is madness (in their world they are doomed to persecution every independent thought, every sincere feeling). 2) Sophia (about Chatsky) "Is it the kind of mind that will make a family happy..."intelligence in Famus society is the ability to make a career, achieve rank, live richly, marry profitably - “reach the famous levels.” This is a practical, worldly, resourceful mind.
The present century" and "the past century" according to the following characteristics: 1. Attitude to wealth, to ranks 2. Attitude to service 3. Attitude to foreign 4. Attitude to education 5. Attitude to serfdom 6. Attitude to Moscow morals and pastime 7 .attitude towards nepotism, patronage 8.attitude towards freedom of judgment 9.attitude towards love 10.ideals.Current century:
1. “They found protection from court in friends, in kinship, building magnificent chambers where they indulge in feasts and extravagance, and where foreign clients from their past lives do not resurrect the meanest traits,” “And for those who are higher, flattery, like lace weaving... »
2. “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to be served,” “Uniform! one uniform! In their former life, he once covered, embroidered and beautiful, their weakness, their poverty of mind; And we follow them on a happy journey! And in wives and daughters there is the same passion for the uniform! How long ago did I renounce tenderness towards him?! Now I can’t fall into this childish behavior...”
3. “And where the foreign clients of their past lives will not resurrect the meanest traits.” “As from an early time we were accustomed to believe that without the Germans there was no salvation for us.”
4. “What, now, just like in ancient times, are they trying to recruit more teachers from regiments, at a cheaper price?...we are ordered to recognize everyone as a historian and geographer.”
5. “That Nestor is a noble scoundrel, surrounded by a crowd of servants; zealous, they saved his honor and life more than once in the hours of wine and fights: suddenly, he exchanged three greyhounds for them!!!”
6. “And who in Moscow didn’t have their mouths clamped during lunches, dinners and dances?”
7. “And who are the judges? - Over the centuries of free life, their enmity is irreconcilable...”
8. “For mercy, you and I are not guys, why are other people’s opinions only sacred?”
9. Sincerity of feeling
10. Chatsky’s ideal is a free independent person, alien to slavish humiliation.
Past century:
1. “Be poor, but if you get enough, two thousand family souls, that’s the groom.”
2 “And for me, no matter what it is, my custom is this: it’s signed, off your shoulders.”
3. “The door is open for those invited and uninvited, especially for foreigners.”
4. “They would take away all the books and burn them,” “Learning is a plague, learning is the reason that today, more than ever, there are more crazy people, deeds, and opinions.”
5. Famusov is a defender of the old century, the heyday of serfdom.
6. “I’m called to Praskovya Fedorovna’s house on Tuesday for trout,” “On Thursday I’m called to a funeral,” “Or maybe on Friday, or maybe on Saturday, I have to baptize at the widow’s, at the doctor’s.”
7. “When I have employees, strangers are very rare, more and more sisters, sisters-in-law and children.”
8. Learning is the plague, learning is the reason. What is worse now than before, crazy people and affairs and opinions
9. “Be bad, but if there are two thousand family souls, that’s the groom.”
10. Famusov’s ideal is a nobleman of the Catherine century, “hunters of indecency.”
to enlightenment
4.Attitude towards foreigners
5.Attitude towards wealth and rank
6.Attitude towards love and marriage
7.Attitude towards the service
8.Understanding the word mind
Service:
"I'd be glad to serve, but it's sickening to be served"
For him, service is a delicate matter, because... To advance in your career, you need to serve those higher in rank.
“...we would learn from our elders by looking at us, for example, or our deceased uncle, Maxim Petrovich: he didn’t eat silver, he ate gold...in the yard”
he considers service to be the main “work of life”
Foreign
“My mind was immersed in zephyrs and cupids... judges... and in wives and mothers... I renounced”
he is a patriot
"And whoever has seen their daughters... they are playing notes"
he adjusted to the public with his attitude towards foreign
To love, marriage
Chatsky did not see marriage without love.
For Famusogo, marriage should be of convenience. I believed that love did not exist at all.
Enlightenment
“Now let one of us, one of the young people, find... a fire!”
“That now, since ancient times, they have been bothering to recruit hollow teachers... and geographers...”
"We should collect all the books and burn them"
"Teaching is a plague...to drink too much..."
Ideal
for Chatsky - a person who loves him sincerely, without profit.
“You don’t need a lot of examples when you have your father’s example in your eyes. You should learn from your elders by looking at them.”
