The lists did not include debt to the homeland. “it was just a choice between me and my homeland” (lesson on the novel b

The salvos of the Great Patriotic War died down long ago. But they continue to remember, talk about, and write about her. The collision of peaceful life with the cruel reality of war is one of the main motives of the novel “Not on the Lists.” The entire work is a story about the school of maturity and courage that 19-year-old lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov undergoes.
The novel describes several peaceful days of the lieutenant, but for him they are full of important events. Nikolai graduated from military school, was appointed platoon commander and went to one of the units of the Special Western District.
The lieutenant has the clearest ideas about the war. I am sure that Hitler’s Germany will not dare to attack our homeland, and he considers conversations about this provocative, and does not doubt the strength and power of the Soviet army.
Late at night on June 21, 1941, he arrived at the Brett Fortress. My plans were to report to my superiors in the morning, enroll in the unit’s list and begin service.
But on June 22, at four hours and fifteen minutes in the morning, a heavy roar hit the Brett Fortress: Hitler’s traitorous Germany attacked the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War began, and the defense of the Brett Fortress began.
After 3 days of fierce fighting, the days and nights of defending the fortress merged into a single chain of forays and bombings, attacks, shelling, wandering through dungeons, short battles with the enemy and a constant, debilitating desire to drink...
In the first battles with the Nazis, Pluzhnikov was lost, he lost command... Moreover, in these fights he chickened out twice. The defense of the Brett Fortress became for Pluzhnikov a cruel school of maturity and spiritual growth.
The lieutenant will continue to make mistakes. He received a cruel lesson, which taught him to distinguish true humanity from the lodge, when he took pity and released the Nazi. Pluzhnikov became observant, cool-headed, calculating, learned to think and comprehensively assess the situation.
In the process of defending the Brett Fortress, he became one of its heroes, accomplished many feats, was the defender and “master” of the fortress until the spring of 1942, and in the last minutes of his life received military honors even from the enemy... “She didn’t give up, the Brest Fortress didn’t fall. They didn’t take her with bombs or flamethrowers. She just bled to death...”
Pluzhnikov’s words: “A person cannot be defeated if he does not want to. You can kill, but you cannot win.”
I was impressed by the love story of Pluzhnikov and Mirra. It seems that this romantic love in the dungeon is somehow unexpected in this novel. But this love is a manifestation of true humanity, opposed to the cruelty of war. The great power of life, goodness, love is indestructible in spite of everything that seeks to destroy it.
The legendary heroes, the legendary exploits depicted in the novel “Not on the Lists” reflect true reality. And Boris Vasiliev, drawing them, relied on the real history of the defense of the Brett fortress.

Friend is known in trouble. Proverb I want to tell you about my friend Sergei. He is thirteen years old. He is an ordinary awkward teenager, with permanent cowlicks and abrasions on his arms. The only thing noticeable about him is his eyes: they are large, round, wide open, and gray in color. When I look at Sergei, it seems to me that he is surprised by everything he sees, so he wants to understand and find out everything. Sergey is an athlete-swimmer. He has the second senior category in freestyle, but he is never proud of it. But he only uses it occasionally: sometimes he argues with the guys that he will be the first to swim to the other side of the pond, or he will say that it will take longer

Dante's greatest work was The Divine Comedy, the approximate chronological framework of which is 1300-1321. The poet worked on this main work of his life for many years and put all his external and internal experience into it. He was able to complete his work in the last months of his life. Dante called his poem “La Commedia,” referring to its “middle style,” happy ending, and somewhat entertaining nature. Of course, he wrote it in Italian. The epithet “divine” meant “Comedy” by G. Boccaccio, and this epithet, which expressed a passion for artistic

At the eye there is a perch, like a floating hooker, At the eye, there is a perch, like a floating hooker, Sticking, and the light on the rolling pins: the essence, Leaving the wet fire of seven-pound sits to fit, you want to tip them into beads. and Colostrum And the boules of the rose garden. The dew is hammered into the dew with a wedge, And the wings of the grandmothers are brought with live thread from the beds of the beans, The hanging pods are for the frying juice, The liquids are through, the leaves are from the crystal sakli, And lie in the cotton wool in the darkness of the Pond. , and haschi, and primari .(loadposition textmod) It’s time to marvel:(module from Ukrainian literature:)

Not because I pay tribute to a special quirk in this quiet land. It’s just that everything that is dear to me is what is dear to people. Everything that is dear to me is what I sing. A. Tvardovsky The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is one of the most pinnacle phenomena of Russian artistic culture of the past. Over the course of two decades of his ascetic literary activity, Gogol created such masterpieces that are perceived as exemplary in Russian and world literature. Gogol began his creative journey, realizing his high duty to the fatherland, to the people. At the age of 18, he wrote: “Since the very times of the past, since the very

Boris Vasiliev, before picking up a pen, himself went through the “fires and waters” of the front. And, of course, war turned out to be one of the main themes of his work. The heroes of Vasiliev's works, as a rule, find themselves faced with a choice - life or death. They take on a fight that turns out to be the last for some.

The heroes of Vasiliev's stories make their own choices. They cannot help but surrender, they can only die in battle! In his work, “Not on the Lists,” Boris Vasiliev reflected this topic very well.

Without disturbing the realistic fabric of the story, the author leads us into the world of legend, where his heroes acquire the romantic pathos of struggle, discovering in themselves innumerable reserves of revolutionary, patriotic spirit. The main character of the novel “Not on the Lists,” young Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who has just graduated from military school, follows this path. He belongs to a wonderful generation, about which his peer, who died at the front, poet Nikolai Mayorov said:

We were high

fair-haired

You will read in books,

like a myth

About the people who left

disliked

Without finishing the last one

cigarettes.

The poet's namesake, our hero Nikolai Pluzhnikov, seems to me to be a tall young man, although judging by how cleverly he managed to hide in the ruins of the fortress from the Germans pursuing him, he was of average height or even shorter. But what makes him high is his great moral qualities.

Having read Boris Vasiliev’s work “Not on the Lists,” we can say that the main character Nikolai Pluzhnikov was brave, and not only that. He was a true patriot of his country, he loved it. That is why he began to fight from the very first invasion of enemies, although he was not yet included in any list. He might not have taken part in hostilities at all, but his conscience would not have allowed him to do so; he was grateful to his Motherland for everything, so he fought to the last and was still able to win. Coming out of the battle undefeated, having survived the fight, he collapsed next to an ambulance and died.…

Nikolai Pluzhnikov took the war with all its seriousness; he believed that his participation in the victory over the Nazis was simply necessary.

In the character of the main character there is great truth of the time, which the writer depicts without modernization and self-will, which, unfortunately, is not uncommon in other works. The author feels well the historical connection between the past and today, but is not inclined to replace one with the other.

Behind the simplicity and childishness of judgments, behind the pompousness and rhetoric of language, there was hidden the beauty of moral feelings, a deep and holistic understanding of one’s civil home, a conscious love for one’s native land, and the determination to defend it until the last breath. It is the Man with a capital “H” of this word that Nikolai Pluzhnikov emerges from the struggle, undefeated, unsurrendered, free, “trampling down death by death.”

The Red Army was leaving to the east...And here, in the ruins of the Brest Fortress, the battle raged without ceasing. Taken by surprise, half-dressed, deafened by bombs and shells, pressed into the wall, littered with rubble, pushed to the death in the basements, the defenders of Brest stood. The last sip of water - to the machine guns! And now only one is alive - Pluzhnikov, the hero of B. Vasiliev’s book “Not on the Lists.” Like a monument to a soldier, he rises from a pile of stones to tell the fascists the last, secret thing: “What, general, now do you know how many steps there are in a Russian mile?”

Frightened by fear for themselves, the traitors shortened their enemies' miles.

“It’s my fault... I’m the only one!” - Pluzhnikov exclaims when everyone’s beloved Aunt Christia dies. No, he is not the only one, but all of us Soviets are “to blame” for the fact that, while respecting a person, then, in 1941, we did not learn to hate him to the same extent if he is an enemy. In terrible trials this harsh “science of hatred” will come to us.

B. Vasiliev depicts war not only in external events - the roar of explosions, the rattle of machine guns... In the internal experiences of the heroes - even more. Scraps of memories now and then flash in Pluzhnikov’s mind, creating a contrast between yesterday and today, peace and war.

Not a victim - Pluzhnikov emerges from the ruins as a hero. And the German lieutenant, “clicking his heels, raised his hand to his visor,” and the soldiers “stretched out and froze.” This is not Pluzhnikov either. Is this how he came to the fortress a year ago? Clean, young, like Pushkin’s Grinev from “The Captain’s Daughter.” And now my mother doesn’t even recognize me. Gray hair, thin, blind, “no longer having age.” But that's not what matters - it's not the appearance that matters. “He was above glory, above life and above death.” What do these lines mean? How do we understand this “higher”? And the fact that Pluzhnikov is crying: “Tears flowed uncontrollably from his gaze and unblinking eyes?”

He would not have survived if he had not risen above his earthly, ordinary self. Why is he crying? B. Vasiliev answered not with internal monologues (there is simply no time to pronounce them), but with psychological subtext. In Pluzhnikov, “the young lieutenant Kolya is crying,” who wants to live, see the sun, love, who feels sorry for his dead comrades. Right. You can be above life, above glory and death, but you cannot be above yourself.

Before leaving the fortress, Pluzhnikov learns that the Germans have been defeated near Moscow. These are tears of victory! Certainly. And the memory of those with whom Pluzhnikov defended the fortress and who are no longer there. These are the tears of a soldier who surrendered to the enemy because he bled to death.

He didn’t give up, but came out. By the way, why exactly at the moment when I learned that the Germans were defeated near Moscow? “Now I can go out. Now I have to go out,” he says. Pluzhnikov had no right to lay down his arms while the Nazis were marching east. Near Brest he fought for Moscow.

“Heroism is not always born of courage, some kind of exceptional bravery. More often - by severe necessity, consciousness of duty, the voice of conscience. It is necessary - that means it is necessary! - the logic of those for whom a feat is a duty fulfilled to the end.”

Pluzhnikov is ordered to state his name and rank. “I am a Russian soldier,” he replied. Everything is here: the surname and the title. Let him not be on the lists. Is it really so important where and with whom he defended his homeland? The main thing is that he lived and died as her soldier, stopping the enemy at the Russian milepost...

Defender, Warrior, Soldier...Valid words in our literature, synonymous with the collective patriot.

Pluzhnikov experienced a feeling of detachment from himself, his proudly fearless “higher,” when he did not want to hide from the smoking grenade near his feet. Thinking about the fate of the Motherland, a person rose above his own, often tragic, fate. Simultaneously short and long. To choose your milestone and not take a step back - this means living the milestones of your Motherland! Its history, anxieties, worries... Let everyone become a soldier of their own mile! Well, without metaphors - your own business, sometimes unnoticed, but necessary, since it joins the general work of the Motherland.

The story of the unknown defender of the Brest Fortress, who held out in its ruins, basements and casemates for ten months, constantly inflicting damage on the enemy, acquired a convincing realistic fabric under the pen of Boris Vasiliev. Next to Pluzhnikov at various stages of this drama we see other commanders and political workers who go with him from attack to attack...

The number of survivors is gradually thinning out, but they remain in Pluzhnikov’s memory, as well as in ours... A desperate brave man who more than once saves Pluzhnikov’s life; a senior lieutenant who condemns him for his cowardice; assigned to the Prizhnyuk unit...

All of them were connected by jointly shed blood, a common patriotic feeling and soldierly courage. And they all taught Pluzhnikov. Not with verbal instructions, but with the example of one’s own life and death.

The inner core of the novel is manifested in a feeling of inflexibility, the inability to obey a dull and dark force. People who found themselves alone with their conscience passed a difficult test. They were faithful to the orders they had given to themselves.

The exploits of many heroes of the Patriotic War look truly mythical and one can write about them in the style of a legend. Nikolai Pluzhnikov is not one of the heroes who do something supernatural, inaccessible to the understanding of an ordinary participant in the war. No, he is just a simple ordinary soldier, and his actions fit perfectly into our usual ideas about the courage and patriotic behavior of a Soviet person.

And, nevertheless, behind this everyday life and ordinariness lies enormous strength of spirit, an unprecedented concentration of moral forces. The simplicity and modesty of the story about a person like Pluzhnikov gives the story about him great artistic power. This is the uniqueness of the direction of modern prose about war, to which Boris Vasiliev belongs. He is not alone in his desire to see the romance of a legend in the everyday, ordinary act of a fighter of the Patriotic War, revealing hidden, invisible from the outside, forces of moral resistance to evil as a guarantee of moral victory over the enemy.

Composition

Hero, heroism, heroic... These words enter our lives from childhood, forming in a person the traits of a citizen and patriot. An important role in this process belongs to Russian literature, in which the depiction of a person’s feat has been and remains traditional since the times of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” and “Zadonshchina”. In Russian literature of the 20th century, the feat of man turns out to be closely connected with the theme of the Great Patriotic War, which truly became a “people's war” for our compatriots. Among those who went through this war there were many future writers: Yu. Bondarev, V. Bykov, V. Zakrutkin, K. Vorobyov, V. Astafiev and others.

Boris Lvovich Vasiliev, the author of many books dedicated to this sacred topic for everyone, also became a volunteer of the Great Patriotic War, who went through it from beginning to end.
The most famous story is B. Vasilyev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”, in which the idea of ​​the incompatibility of war with the nature of man, especially of a woman, called upon to give life, is expressed with particular insight.

But in my essay I would like to refer to B. Vasiliev’s novel “Not on the Lists,” which was published in the magazine “Yunost” in 1974.

At the center of the novel is the fate of the young lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who arrived at his place of duty - the Brest Fortress - late in the evening of June 21, 1941, and therefore did not have time to get on the list of the garrison, but later became the last defender of the heroic fortress.

“Not on the Lists” is the story of the formation of a heroic character who matures in the fire of war.

The novel is compositionally divided into three parts, chronologically continuing each other.
So, Kolya Pluzhnikov arrives at the Brest Fortress on the night of June 22, 1941. He is almost still a boy, very naive and spontaneous. But in this naivety lies, it seems to me, the great truth of the time, which B. Vasiliev paints, avoiding even a hint of modernization, modernizing the past for the sake of fashion, power, etc.

Kolya is sincerely confident that the well-known TASS report, in which rumors about the outbreak of war are called a provocation, exhausts all the problems: “We have a non-aggression treaty with Germany. Rumors about the concentration of German troops on our border... are the result of the machinations of the Anglo-French imperialists.” And when asked whether there will be a war, the young man quickly answers: “It will be a quick war. The most important thing is the decisive power of the Red Army. We will deal a crushing blow to the enemy on enemy territory.” For us, people of the beginning of the 21st century, who know about the difficult retreats of the Red Army in 1941, about the terrible Kharkov encirclement in 1942, it is impossible to read these words of the hero without a bitter smile.

But not in order to laugh, B. Vasiliev introduces his Kolya Pluzhnikov into the pages of the novel. This, if you like, is the starting point in the development of the hero.
The war dramatically changes Nikolai's life and consciousness. At the cost of grave mistakes, having experienced high love and low betrayal, Pluzhnikov comes to the understanding that much depends on his personal participation.
Nikolai did not immediately manage to go through the “science of hatred” that M. A. Sholokhov wrote about. In the second part of the novel, the hero transitions to a new state: the boy turns into a warrior, into a “comrade commander.”
However, it seems to me that the first and second parts are a kind of set-up for the third part. It is when all of Pluzhnikov’s friends died, when he remains the only active fighter in the occupied but undefeated fortress, that the main action of the novel unfolds. The tone and even the rhythm of the narrative changes sharply, the dramatic notes of the military plot disappear, the descriptions of combat episodes disappear; a high psychological intensity arises, the drama is replaced by a high tragedy that turns the young man into a Hero, the culmination and denouement of which at the same time becomes the last chapter of the novel. Hence the solemnity and the special, significant meaning of each phrase.
The unconquered son of an unconquered homeland does not feel defeated. The Brest Fortress did not fall, but simply bled to death, and Pluzhnikov is its last straw. He is above death, which means he is above oblivion.

The Nazis are afraid of the half-dead, hungry Pluzhnikov: “At the entrance to the basement stood an incredibly thin, ageless man..., long gray hair touched his shoulders. He stood sternly straight... and, without looking up, looked at the sun with blinded eyes. And from those unblinking, staring eyes, tears flowed uncontrollably.”
Pluzhnikov's feat is so high that he even amazes his enemies. As he walked toward the ambulance, “suddenly the German general, clicking his heels, raised his hand to the visor. The soldiers stood up and froze.” But the one whom the enemies saluted no longer saw anything. He was above glory and above death. “He walked proudly and stubbornly, as he lived, and fell only when he got there.”

It is impossible to read this last chapter of the novel without tears, in which the author never once called his hero by name. At the beginning of the novel, he was Kolya Pluzhnikov for us, then “comrade commander,” and we say goodbye to an unknown Russian soldier, whose name remained forever in the people’s memory, although he himself was not on the lists.
I think that the theme of the feat will forever exist in Russian literature, not only because the memory of the heroes does not die in our hearts, but also because nowadays, unfortunately, nineteen-year-old boys are dying again, and mothers are once again putting on mourning clothes.

When a person commits this or that moral act, then by this he is not yet virtuous; he is virtuous only if this mode of behavior is a permanent feature of his character. Hegel

The plots of Vasil Bykov's stories usually represent some small military episode. The moral problem serves as the key that opens the door to the work. This is how the “Kruglyansky Bridge”, “Obelisk”, “Sotnikov”, “Wolf Pack” and some other works of the writer were built. Bykov is especially interested in situations in which a person must be guided not by a direct order, but by his own moral compass.

Teacher Moroz from the story “Obelisk” brought up good, bright, honest things in children. And when the war came, his students made an attempt on the life of a policeman. The children were arrested. The Germans promised to release the boys if the teacher hiding with the partisans showed up. From the point of view of common sense, it was useless for Moroz to appear at the police station: the Nazis would not have spared the teenagers anyway. But from a moral point of view, Moroz had to confirm with his action what he taught the children, what he convinced them of. Frost could not live if even one person thought that he was cowardly and abandoned the children at a fatal moment. The teacher was executed along with the children. Some may regard his action as reckless suicide. But I do not think so.

After the war, his name was not on the obelisk at the site of the execution of schoolchildren! But there were those in whose souls the good seed sprouted, which Frost planted with his feat. They managed to achieve justice: the teacher’s name was written on the obelisk along with the names of the hero children.

At the conclusion of his story, Bykov makes the reader a witness to an argument in which one of today's wise men disdainfully says that there is no special feat behind this Frost, since he did not even kill a single German. In response to this, the interlocutor, who has a grateful memory of the war heroes, sharply says: “He did more than if he killed a hundred. He put his life on the chopping block. Myself. Voluntarily. Do you understand what this argument is? And in whose favor..." This argument specifically relates to the moral concept: to prove to everyone that your beliefs are stronger than the threat of death. The frost overstepped the natural thirst to survive, to survive. This is where the heroism of one person begins, so necessary to raise the moral spirit of society.

Vasil Bykov's heroes always face a choice. In the book “Sotnikov” we have two main characters - Sotnikov and Rybak. The fisherman is more adapted to life than Sotnikov. He is strong, dexterous, resilient, he is not a coward - he himself volunteered to go on reconnaissance with Sotnikov. Once in the partisan detachment, he did not refuse any work. The fisherman hates the Germans and policemen who betrayed their people. Throughout the story, he takes care of his comrade Sotnikov. He carries him on himself, although at first he showed weakness and abandoned his wounded comrade.

Fear for his life gripped Rybak. And it is not surprising, because the instinct of self-preservation lives in every person. But he overcame his fear, although it was not easy for him. Conscience triumphed over self-pity. It would seem that all is well that ends well. But the story doesn't end there. Having been captured, Rybak chooses the path of betrayal, unlike Sotnikov.

Sotnikov is inferior to Rybak in physical strength. He is less adapted to life in war. But even being sick, he goes on reconnaissance, because if not him, then who? All the way, Sotnikov feels guilty before Rybak, because he is sick, injured, because he is lagging behind. There is no time to waste.

Both heroes are faced with a choice. And so they found themselves on opposite sides of the same line separating friends and enemies. The fisherman, feeling guilty, tries to convince himself that he is not greatly to blame. The fisherman tries to drown out the voice of conscience, but he fails. He must knock the block of wood out from under Sotnikov’s feet when he is hanged. And he is horrified by this!

Sotnikov is disgusted by Rybak’s betrayal. He looks around the crowd, and the last person he sees is a boy who is watching the execution with fear. Sotnikov could not resist smiling at the boy with his eyes alone. He seems to want to say that it is better to die than to be a traitor.
Sotnikov's suffering ended with his execution. But Rybak began to have problems with his conscience. And here an analogy arises with the biblical story of Judas Iscariot. The fisherman realizes that he cannot escape and decides to take his own life, “...to hell, forever... this is the only possible way out...” But fate does not even give him such an opportunity. And he continues to live, languishing from the pangs of conscience.

The problems of the collision of good and evil, indifference and humanism are always relevant, and, it seems to me, the more complex the moral situation, the stronger the interest in it. Of course, these problems cannot be solved by one work or even by all literature as a whole. Each time it is a personal matter. But maybe it will be easier for people to make a choice when they have a moral compass.

Among books about the war, the works of Boris Vasiliev occupy a special place. There are several reasons for this: firstly, he knows how to simply, clearly and concisely, in just a couple of sentences, paint a three-dimensional picture of war and people at war. Probably no one has ever written about the war as harshly, accurately and piercingly clearly as Vasiliev.

Secondly, Vasiliev knew what he was writing about firsthand: his young years fell during the Great Patriotic War, which he went through to the end, miraculously surviving.

The novel “Not on the Lists,” the summary of which can be conveyed in a few sentences, is read in one breath. What is he talking about? About the beginning of the war, about the heroic and tragic defense of the Brest Fortress, which, even dying, did not surrender to the enemy - it simply bled to death, according to one of the heroes of the novel.

And this novel is also about freedom, about duty, about love and hatred, about devotion and betrayal, in a word, about what our ordinary life consists of. Only in war do all these concepts become larger and more voluminous, and a person, his whole soul, can be seen as if through a magnifying glass...

The main characters are Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, his colleagues Salnikov and Denishchik, as well as a young girl, almost a girl, Mirra, who by the will of fate became Kolya Pluzhnikov’s only lover.

The author gives the central place to Nikolai Pluzhnikov. A college graduate who has just received the shoulder straps of a lieutenant arrives at the Brest Fortress before the first dawn of the war, a few hours before the volleys of guns that forever crossed out his former peaceful life.

The image of the main character
At the beginning of the novel, the author calls the young man simply by name - Kolya - emphasizing his youth and inexperience. Kolya himself asked the school management to send him to a combat unit, to a special section - he wanted to become a real fighter, to “smell gunpowder.” Only in this way, he believed, can one gain the right to command others, instruct and train young people.

Kolya was heading to the fortress authorities to submit a report about himself when shots rang out. So he took the first battle without being included in the list of defenders. Well, and then there was no time for lists - there was no one and there was no time to compile and verify them.

Nikolai’s baptism of fire was difficult: at some point he could not stand it, abandoned the church that he was supposed to hold without surrendering to the Nazis, and tried to instinctively save himself and his life. But he overcomes the horror, so natural in this situation, and again goes to the rescue of his comrades. The incessant battle, the need to fight to the death, to think and make decisions not only for oneself, but also for those who are weaker - all this gradually changes the lieutenant. After a couple of months of mortal battles, it is no longer Kolya before us, but battle-hardened Lieutenant Pluzhnikov - a tough, determined man. For every month in the Brest Fortress, he lived like ten years.

And yet youth still lived in him, still bursting through with a stubborn faith in the future, in the fact that our people would come, that help was close. This hope did not fade even with the loss of two friends found in the fortress - the cheerful, cheerful Salnikov and the stern border guard Volodya Denishchik.

They were with Pluzhnikov from the first fight. Salnikov turned from a funny boy into a man, into a friend who would save at any cost, even at the cost of his life. Denishchik looked after Pluzhnikov until he himself was mortally wounded.

Both died saving Pluzhnikov’s life.

Among the main characters, we must definitely name one more person - the quiet, modest, inconspicuous girl Mirra. The war found her at 16 years old.

Mirra was crippled since childhood: she wore a prosthesis. The lameness forced her to come to terms with the sentence of never having a family of her own, but always being a helper to others, living for others. In the fortress she worked part-time in peacetime, helping to cook.

The war cut her off from all her loved ones and walled her up in a dungeon. The whole being of this young girl was permeated by a strong need for love. She still knew nothing about life, and life played such a cruel joke on her. This is how Mirra perceived the war until the destinies of her and Lieutenant Pluzhnikov crossed. What inevitably had to happen when two young creatures met happened - love broke out. And for the short happiness of love, Mirra paid with her life: she died under the blows of the butts of the camp guards. Her last thoughts were only about her beloved, about how to protect him from the terrible spectacle of a monstrous murder - her and the child she was already carrying in her womb. Mirra succeeded. And this was her personal human feat.

The main idea of ​​the book

At first glance, it seems that the author’s main desire was to show the reader the feat of the defenders of the Brest Fortress, to reveal the details of the battles, to talk about the courage of the people who fought for several months without help, practically without water and food, and without medical care. They fought, at first stubbornly hoping that our people would come and take the fight, and then without this hope, they simply fought because they could not, did not consider themselves entitled to give up the fortress to the enemy.

But if you read “Not on the Lists” more thoughtfully, you understand: this book is about a person. It is about the fact that human possibilities are limitless. A person cannot be defeated until he himself wants it. He can be tortured, starved, deprived of physical strength, even killed - but he cannot be defeated.

Lieutenant Pluzhnikov was not included in the lists of those who served in the fortress. But he gave himself the order to fight, without anyone’s commands from above. He did not leave - he remained where his own inner voice ordered him to stay.

No force can destroy the spiritual power of someone who has faith in victory and faith in himself.

The summary of the novel “Not on the Lists” is easy to remember, but without carefully reading the book, it is impossible to grasp the idea that the author wanted to convey to us.

The action covers 10 months - the first 10 months of the war. That is how long the endless battle lasted for Lieutenant Pluzhnikov. He found and lost friends and his beloved in this battle. He lost and found himself - in the very first battle, the young man, out of fatigue, horror and confusion, abandoned the building of the church, which he should have held until the last. But the words of the senior soldier inspired him with courage, and he returned to his combat post. In a matter of hours, a core matured in the soul of the 19-year-old boy, which remained his support until the very end.

Officers and soldiers continued to fight. Half-dead, with their backs and heads shot through, their legs torn off, half-blind, they fought, slowly going one by one into oblivion.

Of course, there were also those in whom the natural instinct of survival turned out to be stronger than the voice of conscience, the sense of responsibility for others. They just wanted to live - and nothing more. The war quickly turned such people into weak-willed slaves, ready to do anything just for the opportunity to survive at least one more day. This was the former musician Reuben Svitsky. The “former man,” as Vasiliev writes about him, having found himself in a ghetto for Jews, immediately and irrevocably submitted to his fate: he walked with his head low, obeyed any orders, did not dare to raise his eyes to his tormentors - to those who turned him into a subhuman who wants nothing and hopes for nothing.

The war molded traitors out of other weak-spirited people. Sergeant Major Fedorchuk voluntarily surrendered. A healthy, strong man who could fight, made the decision to survive at any cost. This opportunity was taken away from him by Pluzhnikov, who destroyed the traitor with a shot in the back. War has its own laws: there is a value here greater than the value of human life. This value: victory. They died and killed for her without hesitation.

Pluzhnikov continued to make forays, undermining the enemy’s forces, until he was left completely alone in the dilapidated fortress. But even then, until the last bullet, he fought an unequal battle against the fascists. Finally they discovered the shelter where he had been hiding for many months.

The end of the novel is tragic - it simply could not have been otherwise. An almost blind, skeletal-thin man with black frostbitten feet and shoulder-length gray hair is taken out of the shelter. This man has no age, and no one would believe that according to his passport he is only 20 years old. He left the shelter voluntarily and only after the news that Moscow had not been taken.

A man stands among his enemies, looking at the sun with blind eyes from which tears flow. And - an unthinkable thing - the Nazis give him the highest military honors: everyone, including the general. But he doesn't care anymore. He became higher than people, higher than life, higher than death itself. He seemed to have reached the limit of human capabilities - and realized that they were limitless.

“Not on the lists” - to the modern generation

The novel “Not on the Lists” should be read by all of us living today. We did not know the horrors of war, our childhood was cloudless, our youth was calm and happy. This book causes a real explosion in the soul of a modern person, accustomed to comfort, confidence in the future, and security.

But the core of the work is still not a narrative about the war. Vasiliev invites the reader to look at himself from the outside, to probe all the secret places of his soul: could I do the same? Do I have inner strength - the same as those defenders of the fortress, just emerging from childhood? Am I worthy to be called a Human?

Let these questions forever remain rhetorical. May fate never confront us with such a terrible choice as that great, courageous generation faced. But let's always remember them. They died so that we could live. But they died undefeated.

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Boris Vasiliev is one of the most famous Russian writers who wrote about the war. His stories “And the dawns here are quiet...”, “Wilderness”, “Don’t shoot white swans” are imbued with love for people and native nature.

We will look at the story “Not on the Lists,” the analysis of which will be useful for studying the work at school.

The beginning of Kolya Pluzhnikov’s military career

The story opens with the story of a young guy, Nikolai Pluzhnikov, for whom everything in life is going well: his career (he was promoted to junior lieutenant), a new uniform, his upcoming vacation... Pluzhnikov goes to one of the best evenings of his life - a dance, where he invites the librarian Zoya! And even the request of the authorities to sacrifice their vacation and stay to sort out the school’s property does not overshadow the wonderful mood and life of Kolya Pluzhnikov.

Afterwards, the commander asks what Nikolai intends to do next, whether he is going to go to study at the academy. However, Kolya replies that he wants to “serve in the troops,” because it is impossible to become a real commander if you have not served. The general looks at Nikolai approvingly, beginning to respect him.

Nicholas is sent to the Western District, to the Brest Fortress.

Suddenly the war started...

An analysis of the work “Not on the Lists” (Vasiliev) is impossible without mentioning Kolya’s intermediate stop between the school and the fortress. This stop was his home. There Nikolai met his mother, sister Varya and her friend Valya. The latter gave him a kiss and promised to wait for him.

Nikolai Pluzhnikov goes to Brest. There Kolya hears that the Germans are preparing for war, but most of the townspeople do not believe this and do not take it seriously. In addition, Russians believe in the strength of the Red Army.

Kolya approaches the fortress, accompanied by the lame girl Mirra, who annoys Pluzhnikov with her chatter and knowledge. At the checkpoint they let Kolya through, give him a room for business travelers and promise to sort out his distribution afterwards.

At 4 o'clock in the morning on June 22, 1941, the Brest Fortress began to be bombed. Boris Vasiliev knew how to describe the war very realistically. “Not on the Lists” analyzes and shows the entire situation in which soldiers like Kolya Pluzhnikov have to fight, their thoughts and dreams about home and family.

Last Hero

After the German attack, all the Russians who were at the Brest Fortress hope that the Red Army will arrive in time and provide assistance, the most important thing is to live to receive help. But the Red Army is still gone, and the Germans are already walking around the fortress as if they were at home. The story “Not on the Lists,” which we are analyzing, describes how a small handful of people sit in the basement of the fortress and eat the crackers they found. They are sitting without ammunition, without food. It's a real Russian frost outside. These people are waiting for help, but there is still no help.

People sitting in the basement begin to die. Only Nikolai Pluzhnikov remains. He shoots the last bullets at the Germans, while he himself constantly hides in crevices. During one of his runs to another place, he finds a secluded place, climbs in there and suddenly... hears a human voice! There Pluzhnikov sees a very thin man in a padded jacket. He is crying. It turns out that he hasn’t seen people for three weeks.

Pluzhnikov dies at the end of the story. But he dies after being rescued by Russian troops. He falls to the ground, looks up at the sky and dies. Nikolai Pluzhnikov remained the only living Russian soldier after the German invasion of the Brest Fortress, which means that it was not completely conquered. Nikolai Pluzhnikov dies a free, undefeated man.

The story “Not on the Lists,” the analysis of which we are doing, does not allow us to hold back our tears at the end of the work. Boris Vasiliev writes in such a way that every word literally touches the soul.

History of the creation of the work

At the end of the story, readers watch a woman arrive at the Brest station and lay flowers. It is written on the plaque that during the Great Patriotic War the station was protected by Nikolai (his last name is unknown). Boris Vasiliev became a witness to this story, which happened in reality.

“Not on the Lists” (analysis of this story is impossible without relying on the following facts) is a work based on the fact that Vasiliev himself was driving past the train station in Brest and noticed a woman standing in front of a sign with an inscription about the unknown Nikolai. He asked her and found out that during the war there was a soldier who died a hero.

Boris Vasiliev tried to look for something about him in documents and archives, but found nothing. Because the soldier was not on the lists. Then Vasiliev came up with a story for him and brought it to our generation.

Love line

First, Nikolai Pluzhnikov fell in love with Valya, his sister’s friend. She promised to wait for him, and Kolya promised to return. However, during the war, Nikolai fell in love again. Yes, love broke out between him and that same lame Mirra. They sat in the basement and planned how they would get out of there and go to Moscow. And in Moscow they will go to the theater... Mirra will get a prosthesis and will no longer limp... Kolya and Mirra indulged in such dreams, sitting in a cold, gray, God-forsaken basement.

Mirra became pregnant. The couple realized that it was impossible for Mirra to stay in the basement and eat only crackers. She needs to get out to save the child. However, she falls into the hands of the Germans. The Germans beat Mirra for a long time, then pierce her with bayonets and leave her to die in front of Pluzhnikov.

Other heroes of the story

Pluzhnikov fights with soldier Salnikov. It's amazing how war changes people! From a green youth he turns into a stern man. Before his death, he blames himself for often thinking not about the course of the battle itself, but about how he would be greeted at home. You can't blame him for that. None of the young guys who were at the Brest Fortress were warned or prepared to meet the enemies face to face.

One of the main characters mentioned above is Mirrochka. A girl who should never have ended up at the Brest Fortress at such a difficult time! She needed the protection of her hero - Kolya, whom she, perhaps partly out of gratitude, fell in love with.

Thus, Boris Vasiliev (“Not on the lists”), whose work we analyzed, created the story of one hero, whose feat personifies the exploits of all Russian soldiers in the Great Patriotic War.