Historical figures in Eugene Onegin. Open lesson on literature on the topic: "Novel A

DepartmentOformation of the Nesvizh district executive committee

Educational institution

"Nesvizh State Belarusian Gymnasium"

c) foreign words.

What role does the use of certain layers of vocabulary play?

Group of historians (tasks)

What real historical figures are mentioned in the first chapter? Theater and ballet of the 1st half of the 19th century. Foreign economic relations of Russia 1st half. 19th century 19th century fashion Culinary art of the “Pushkin” era

Group of historians

Historicism as the main characteristic of a multifaceted work. History and time are the true heroes of the process of creating a novel. For Pushkin, the historical conditionality of the motives of behavior and the destinies of the characters was fundamentally significant. You can determine the chronological milestones of the characters' biography.

Onegin was born in 1795.

First appeared in the world in 1811.

“These years have a special, incomparable face in Russian history. The happy end of the wars with Napoleon awakened a sense of self-strength in society. ...The young people were full of thirst for activity and faith in its possibility in Russia. The hope for the abolition of serfdom “at the tsar’s craving” has not yet disappeared. Decembrist societies were preparing to fight for a “new” Russia.” ()

Let's see to St. Petersburg in the 1st half of the 19th century (slide)

1. Which real historical figures are mentioned?

in the 1st chapter of the novel?

The text of “Eugene Onegin” is replete with historicisms that carry significant information about the time and characters. Let's look at some of them.

1. “Second Chadayev, my Evgeniy”

Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev - a contemporary of Griboyedov and Pushkin, for whom everyone predicted a brilliant future - a career, closeness to the tsar, all sorts of favors and awards. There were rumors that the king was going to make him his adviser, or even his minister. Pushkin believed that, due to his exceptional qualities, Chaadaev should have become a great statesman. But, unfortunately, this did not happen, since Chaadaev wrote an angry article, where he allowed himself to honestly and directly express the truth about his contemporary society. The result was immediate. The magazine where the article was published was closed, and its author, by order of the Tsar, was officially declared insane. But another side of Chaadaev’s life is interesting for us. “Chaadaev was known not only for his love of freedom, independence of judgment, knightly scrupulousness in matters of honor, but also for his refined aristocracy and panache in clothing.” Obviously, our hero borrowed precisely this side of Chaadaev’s life. Let's not blame him for this. “You can be a smart person and think about the beauty of your nails”

2. “What is Kaverin waiting for him there?”

- Göttingener, hussar, reveler and duelist, member of the Union of Welfare. Judging by the text of the novel, he “walked” (that is, caroused) not only with Pushkin. But he also “let a cork into the ceiling” with Onegin at the fashionable restaurateur of that time T al op on Nevsky.

2. Theater and ballet of the 1st half of the 19th century.

(verses 18-20)

Magic land! There in the old days,

Fonvizin, friend of freedom, shone,

And the overbearing Prince;

There Ozerov involuntary tributes

People's tears, applause

Shared with young Semyonova;

There our Katenin was resurrected

Corneille is a majestic genius;

There the prickly Shakhovskoy brought out

A noisy swarm of their comedies,

There Didelot was crowned with glory,

There, there under the canopy of the scenes

My younger days rushed by

Theater (Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg) (slide) was the most powerful and unusually poignant impression for Pushkin and his hero. A magnificent tragic actress shone here Ekaterina Semyonova (slide)

Katenin Pavel Alexandrovich (1792 – 1853) – poet, playwright, critic and translator; translated plays by French enlighteners Corneille and Racine; wrote original dramas and poems (“Invalid Gorev”, “Princess Milusha”). Knyazhnin Yakov Borisovich () – translator and playwright. His most famous tragedies are “Vadim Novgorodsky” and “Vladimir and Yaropolk”. The prince translated 5 tragedies of Corneille - an exceptional case in the translation practice of the 18th century.

Brilliant, half-airy,

I obey the magic bow,

Surrounded by a crowd of nymphs,

Worth Istomin; she,

One foot touching the floor,

The other slowly circles,

And suddenly he jumps, and suddenly he flies,

Flies like feathers from the lips of Aeolus;

Either the camp will form, then it will develop

And with a quick foot he hits the leg.

– prima ballerina of the Russian tetra. Pushkin calls her the Russian Terpsichore. The poet amazingly subtly defines a line that is characteristic of Russian ballet: “A flight filled with the soul...”. It penetrates into the essence of Istomina’s dance – airy, romantic and at the same time abstractly strict. In the era of Pushkin, ballet experienced its first heyday. Istomina and choreographer Didlo created him worldwide fame.

3. Foreign economic relations of Russia

In order to introduce you to Russia's trade relations, let me invite you to the office of the main character Eugene Onegin (stanza 23)

Everything for the whim of Abundant

London trades scrupulously

And on the Baltic waves

He brings us lard and timber,

Everything in Paris tastes hungry,

Having chosen a useful trade,

Invents for fun

For luxury, for fashionable bliss -

Everything decorated the office

Philosopher at eighteen years old.

So, “for timber and lard,” luxury goods were imported into Russia: “amber on the pipes of Constantinople,” porcelain and bronze... perfume in cut crystal” and much more necessary for “the fun and bliss of fashion.”

4. Early 19th century fashion

Putting on a wide bolivar,

Onegin goes to the boulevard

Bolivar – a hat with such a wide brim that it was impossible to enter the room without taking off the hat. Named in honor of Simon Bolivar (), who led the struggle for independence of the Spanish colonies in South America.

How dandy London is on

Dandy – English fashionista. “The dandies of Pushkin’s era demonstrated not refined politeness, the art of salon conversation and social wit, but shocking carelessness and impudence of manner.”

5. Culinary art of the 1st half of the 19th century.

The names of a number of dishes flash across the pages of the novel every now and then, and one feels that the poet understands them like a true connoisseur. He probably mentions his favorite or traditional dishes of the “Onegin era”.

K Ta l he rushed o:n sure;

What is Kaverin waiting for him there?

Entered: and there was a cork in the ceiling,

The comet's fault flowed with current;

In front of him roast - beef bloody,

And truffles, the luxury of youth,

French cuisine has the best color,

And Strasbourg's pie is imperishable

Between live Limburg cheese

And golden pineapple...

Before us is a still life of Pushkin the gourmet, painted in the best traditions of the old Dutch masters. He accurately and “culinarily competently” gives an idea not only of the uniqueness of the dishes of French and Russian cuisine served in his time in one of the best restaurants in St. Petersburg, but also of the gastronomic tastes of Onegin, a pampered and spoiled man.”

Let's take a closer look at these dishes.

« Roast - beef bloody" - cold English dish, ox tenderloin, roasted in the oven or on a spit so that its inside remains half-raw, “bloody”, bloody pink.

"Truffles, luxury of youth" - a hot, truly French dish. Truffles are earthen mushrooms.

"Strasbourg pie is imperishable" It was a pate made from veal liver or goose liver baked in puff pastry. A properly prepared pie did not spoil within a week, which is why Pushkin calls it “incorruptible.”

What else did the “golden youth of St. Petersburg” like to pamper themselves with?

Here, in the first chapter we find:

...Thirst asks for more glasses

pour hot fat over cutlets

... Because I couldn’t always

… Beef - steaks and Strasbourg pie

Pouring a bottle of champagne...

So, “cutlets” and “beefsteaks” - what’s surprising here?

But let's see how these dishes corresponded to our modern idea of them. For example, cutlets are a top-class hot dish of Russian cuisine. It was prepared from veal on the bone. The veal was pounded, sprinkled with salt and pestle, wrapped in a thin slice of pounded beef and fried in oil in a saucepan. Before serving, the beef was removed and the bone was wrapped in a paper cockade.

So, even such an insignificant, at first glance, moment of action as eating, food, under the pen of a great master, acquires the sound of a significant artistic detail that expands the reader’s understanding of the character, affections and tastes of the heroes of the work and society as a whole. Recreating the everyday side of life of representatives of high society, “a genius remains a genius” even in small things.

2. Group of linguists

The main rule: to understand a work, first of all you need to learn to understand the author’s language, his usage of words

1. Ancient realities in the novel

1) Talk about Juvenal

(Roman satirical poet, born around 42 BC)

2) Two verses from the Aeneid (epic poem by the Roman poet Virgil)

3)Romulus (legendary founder and first king of Rome in the 8th century BC)

4) He scolded Homer and Theocritus, but read Adam Smith...

(Homer is an ancient Greek folk poet;

5) “The science of tender passion, which Nazon sang”

(Ovid Naso - Roman poet 43 BC)

6) Terpsichore -muse of dancing

7) Venus, Zeus, Diana - gods of ancient Greece.

Antique images, of course, are not fundamental in the novel “Eugene Onegin,” but they give special lightness and elegance to the novel. With their help, Pushkin more deeply illuminates the literary preferences and education of the heroes of the novel.

2. Archaisms

1) Accentological (the place of emphasis has changed):

ghost, epigraphs, “on the mirror parquet hall.."

Ppit" - poet;

"eighteen" - eighteen

"And roar violins muted"

3) semantic

Misunderstanding is even more dangerous in cases where the words that we encounter in Pushkin seem to be well known to us , completely or partially changed their meaning and are used in modern language with a different meaning. It seems to us that everything is clear, but in fact we misunderstand the text of Pushkin’s work. Let's look at a few examples.

a) Latin is now out of fashion:

So, if I tell you the truth,

He knew quite a bit of Latin,

So that epigraphs disassemble...

In the modern meaning, “epigraph” is a quotation, saying, proverb placed in the title of the entire work or before its individual section. Then it’s not clear: what does Latin have to do with it? The fact is that the word “epigraph” had another meaning - “an inscription on a monument or building in Ancient Greece.” This means that Onegin was a fairly educated person, he spoke Latin sufficiently to read ancient monuments.

From Romulus to the present day

He kept it in his memory.

Our attention will not stop at the word “anecdotes” - a comic miniature story with an unexpected ending.” But in Pushkin’s era, this word had a broader meaning: “a short story about an instructive or amusing incident from the life of a historical person, which, due to its insignificance, is not included in historical works.”

Knowing the historical context deepens our understanding of the text.

V) « Small scientist, but pedant". In the “Onegin” era, a “pedant” was a person who flaunted his knowledge, his scholarship, judging everything with aplomb

G) « That's what the young man thought rake". This word had almost a terminological meaning. It was applied to a circle of riotous youth, whose behavior combined reckless gaiety, contempt for secular entertainment, and a certain flavor of political opposition.

d) “People's tears, applause …»

"Splash" - applause

e) Anything for a plentiful whim

Trades London scrupulous...

Scrupulous – used in the meaning “relating to outfits, dandy.” And this meaning of the word is now outdated.

4) lexical (mainly, these are Old Slavonic words and expressions)

series, lips, youth, cheeks, persies;
"Born on bregah Not you".

« Young my days rushed by.”

"Or the fiery roses cheeks."

"Il percy , full of languor."

"Manu sails ships" ( sail – sail)

5) grammatical archaisms (have outdated grammatical forms)

"He knew enough in Latin."

“It used to be that he in bed ..." (in modern language

"...Full of people hall ..." (word hall used to be feminine)

5. Historicisms

Yamskaya carriage “It was expensive to maintain his own coachman and his own carriage with horses in St. Petersburg... Not having his own travel, Onegin hired a Yamsk carriage.

6. Foreign words

Why are there so many foreign words in the first chapter? Some are even written in Latin script Madam, Monsieur I`Abbe, dandy, vale, roast-beef... And the words are from different languages: French, English, Latin, English again... Maybe it’s difficult for Pushkin to do without these words, he is too got used to them, always used them? Here in stanza 26 he himself writes:

And I see, I apologize to you,

Well; and so my poor syllable

I could have been much less colorful

In foreign words...

When we start reading the next chapters, we will be convinced: Pushkin does not need “foreign words” at all; he gets along perfectly well without them. But Onegin needs it. Pushkin can speak Russian brilliantly, wittily, richly - but his hero speaks in a secular mixed language, where English and French are intertwined and where you cannot understand what the native language of your interlocutor is.

Group of psychologists

The main theme of the entire first chapter is the theme of personality development during adolescence. Let's take a closer look at the “young man at the end of 1819...” from the point of view of the laws of psychology and compare the resulting portrait with the appearance of a modern young man. Let's compare Pushkin's quotes and excerpts from the works of the famous psychologist I. Kon.

“He has his hair cut in the latest fashion, dressed like a London dandy.”	“Young people always want to be different from their elders, and the easiest way to do this is with external accessories. One of the functions of youth fashion and slang, which often shocks conservative fathers, is that with their help teenagers and young men mark and distinguish between “us” and “strangers”.
“I don’t have time to tell you everything that Evgeniy still knew.”	“The abstract philosophical orientation of youthful thinking is connected, of course, not only with formal logical operations, but also with the peculiarities of the emotional world of early youth. ...The breadth of intellectual interests is often combined in early youth with scatteredness, lack of system and method"
“He spent at least three hours in front of mirrors...”	“Teenagers and young men are especially sensitive to the characteristics of their body and appearance, comparing their development with the development of their comrades. It is very important for guys how much their body and appearance correspond to the stereotypical image. At the same time, the youth standard of beauty and simply “acceptable” appearance is often overstated and unrealistic.”
“In his first youth he was a victim of violent pleasures and unbridled passions” “I love mad youth”	The epithet “mad” denotes the extreme dynamism of youth. Youth is a chaotic, stormy, contradictory time. Let us especially highlight the etymological semantics of the epithet mad. Mad derived from enrage, demon. In passion, extreme dependence on seething elemental feelings, there is a lot of demonic, “sins of youth”, for example, Onegin’s affairs with married ladies.
He was tired of the noise of the world... The conditions of light, having overthrown the burden...	Variant of youth crisis. The cycle of early youth has ended *(“Be like everyone else”).* The transition to mature youth begins *("Who is* *I?").* Interest in the recently so attractive secular pursuits has disappeared. Satisfaction with passion set in. As a result of spiritual evolution and self-knowledge, the level of claims increases. This is the main acquisition of youth - the discovery of one’s inner world, personal identity. “Youth is the final stage of primary socialization.”

This comparative analysis can be continued. Our main conclusion is the following: Pushkin not only recreated the image of the hero - his contemporary, in whom “the century was reflected.” Pushkin did not remain a writer of everyday life and a chronicler of morals; in his work, the historical is combined with the universal. The general laws of human nature are learned, what is characteristic of youth in any historical era. The revelation of the psychological laws of personality development makes Pushkin’s novel universal. Let’s consolidate these general laws that Pushkin’s heroes went through, and perhaps we will too.

Love Socialization Choice

Fun Preparing for maturity Freedom

YOUTH

Creativity Mistakes Passion for learning

Responsibility

Tragic, crisis moments

Group of literary scholars

“We will see many times: “Onegin” cannot be read thoughtlessly - you will get confused. Pushkin says a lot of things indirectly, not directly; he trusts the reader’s intelligence and ingenuity, and expects his poems to be taken seriously.” We open the first line of the first chapter: “My uncle had the most honest rules, when he was seriously ill...” We are talking about Evgeniy. It was his uncle who fell ill, and Pushkin begins the novel with his thoughts.

But Pushkin’s contemporary was well aware of another line from Krylov’s fable “The Donkey and the Man”:

The donkey had the most honest rules...

And the whole meaning of the phrase is turned upside down. We immediately feel the author's irony towards his heroes.

Similar discoveries await us at every step. But they will be revealed only to the attentive reader. Let us reveal to you several conceptual keys to the novel.

1. The basic unit of the novel is "Onegin stanza" consisting of 14 lines. Rhyme scheme: AbAb VVgg DeeD zhzh (uppercase letters are female rhymes, lowercase letters are masculine rhymes). It can be argued that the potential encyclopedicism of the novel is hidden already in this stanza. Each stanza is relatively autonomous, since, as a rule, it contains its own theme and expresses a complete thought. At the same time, the clear strophic organization of the text, the repetition throughout the entire novel of stanzas that are identical in appearance and structure, in themselves carry the idea of the unity of the text.

2. Title is one of the very important structural and semantic elements of a literary text. Let's analyze the title of the novel. Eugene – comes from the ancient Greek word meaning “noble.” Onega is the name of the river. The mirror reflection of sounds in the first and last name symbolizes the circle of life - the ideal of the infinity of a person’s spiritual life. The circle as the embodiment of perfect form personifies the symbol of eternity, fate, the beginning and end of human existence, the endless change of generations.

3. Epigraph “And he is in a hurry to live and in a hurry to feel. Book Vyazemsky" clarifies the idea of the work. What important historical and at the same time eternal topic is the first chapter devoted to? The topic of personality development during adolescence. The author himself emphasizes the theme with an epigraph-quote, which can be more fully restored from the original source: “Young ardor glides through life like this. And he’s in a hurry to live, and he’s in a hurry to feel.”

4. Literary realities can tell a lot about the literary preferences and ideals of the main character.

George Gordon Byron - English romantic poet, idol of youth. Onegin is no exception. In his emotional state, perhaps, skepticism and irony occupy a large place, which is why the mask of Childe Harold, the main character of Byron’s poem “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,” suited him so organically:

HowChild Harold, gloomy, languid,

He appeared in living rooms...

Friends of Lyudmila and Ruslan!

The reader of Pushkin knows what kind of literary battle broke out between admirers and detractors of Pushkin’s first poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”

I once walked there too:

But the north is bad for me.

Just a few lines, but we learn a lot: Pushkin lived in St. Petersburg. Now he can't live there. Poet in Bessarabia (first southern exile)

If we continue the line-by-line analysis, we will learn a lot more about Pushkin and can compare him with Onegin. Thus, we also have a story about the author, his searches and dreams, his life.

4. Systematization of material

(construction of LSM)

During the work, elements of the zigzag technique are used.

Work algorithm

1. Form new groups based on the color of your cards.

2. Review the key concepts written on your cards.

What do they have in common?

3. Place them on the corresponding coordinate beam in a certain logical sequence.

4. Select a representative of the group who will justify exactly this arrangement of key concepts on the coordinate ray

During the group performance, students must correct their own LSM in their notebooks.

At the end of the performances, students return to their seats.

5. Reflection

Each group gives its own reasoned answer to the lesson questions:

2. Does the novel retain its encyclopedic quality for the modern reader?

6. Final words from the teacher.

Homework

So, the enormity of human potential allowed Pushkin to create a truly “encyclopedia of Russian life”, by reading which one can gain universal knowledge about the sides, problems, opportunities, elements, ideals of Russian reality. But is information alone enough to consider a work of genius? Let it be huge - like in a real encyclopedia. Nobody considers encyclopedic dictionaries to be works of art. In art, in addition to information, the personality of the creator is necessary. The world surrounding the novel's heroes is an unusually rich and complex world. Pushkin's narrative spiritually enriches the reader. The poet, as it were, invites the reader to reflect together on what is happening in the life of society and human souls. And then many new thoughts arise in the reader. Reading Pushkin's novel contributes to the development of a creative perception of the world in readers of any age. Yes, the novel is easy to read, but its “airy bulk” () requires the reader to be thoughtful and inquisitive in thought. And then the novel will appear “rhymed” entirely in all its parallel and intersecting layers, plots, lines and motifs, alive and progressive in all its elements and details.”

The topic of the next lesson: “The time of rebellious youth” in the biography of noble youth of the 19th century.”

Topics for mini-essays:

1. “The Theme of Choice in the Novel”

2. “The intrinsic value of youth in the biography of heroes”

Breadth of intellectual

interests

...Everything that Evgeniy still knew,

tell me about your lack of time...

Scattered, chaotic knowledge

...We all learned a little bit

Something and somehow...

Youth standard

beauty

...He's at least three o'clock

He spent in front of the mirrors...

Youth is time

chaotic

... He is in his first youth

was a victim of violent pleasures

and unbridled passions...

Opening your own

inner world

...The conditions of light, having overthrown the burden...

Disclosure

psychological

laws of development

personalities

...I love mad youth...

"ONEGINSKAYA

STANZA"

HEADLINE

as semantic

piece of text

EPIGRAPH

and his role

in the work

"And is in a hurry to live and feel

in a hurry” (Prince Vyazemsky)

Literary

realities in the novel

George Gordon Byron

Homer

Katenin D. I.

in the novel

...I'm always glad to notice the difference

Between Onegin and me...

Literary echoes in the novel

...The donkey had the most honest rules...

BIG THEATER

In Petersburg

Magic land! There in the old days...

Foreign economic

Russian communications

“Everything for a plentiful whim

London trades scrupulously...

CULINARY

ART

...And truffles, the luxury of youth...

19th century FASHION

How dandy London dressed...

HISTORICAL

PERSONALITY

in the novel

...Second Chadayev, my Evgeniy...

HISTORISM

as the main one

characteristic

works

ANCIENT REALITIES IN THE NOVEL

Juvenal Theocritus Venus

Romulus Ovid Zeus

Homer Terpsichore Diana

PHONETIC

ARCHAISMS

Piit, eighteen, violin

SEMANTIC

ARCHAISMS

Epigraphs, anecdotes, pedant, rake,

scrupulous

OLD SLAVANISMS

MOUTH, YOUTH, YOUNG , PERCY,

SAILS, LANITAS

HISTORISM

Yamskaya carriage

Foreign words

Madam, Monsieur l`Abbe, dandy, vale …

Outline of a lesson on literature in the 9th grade in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard on the topic “A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” - “encyclopedia of Russian life”

Goals: 1. To generalize and deepen students’ knowledge about the novel “Eugene Onegin”, its author as a spiritually rich, harmonious personality; show the breadth of the depiction of Russian reality in the novel; find lyrical digressions, find out how they are related to the events depicted and the characters of the work.

2. To help students realize the social and personal significance of the material being studied, its integrity; contribute to the formation of ideas about the “literary process”, its patterns, factors determining its formation and development;

3. Create meaningful and organizational conditions for the development of schoolchildren’s ability to analyze a cognitive object.

Integration: Russian literature, Russian language, history, psychology

Forms of work: long-term assignments, problematic issues, thesis and formulaic presentation of the material, construction of a logical-semantic model for the lesson topic (LSM), defense of projects.

During the classes

Epigraph for the lesson:

… “Onegin” is the most sincere work of A. S. Pushkin,

the most beloved child of his fantasy, and one can point out too

few creations in which the poet’s personality would be reflected

with such completeness, light and clarity, as reflected in Onegin

Pushkin's personality. Here is his whole life, all his love; Here

his feelings, concepts, ideals. To evaluate such a work -

means to appreciate the poet himself in the entire scope of his creative

activities...

V. G. Belinsky

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

Teacher's word

V. G. Belinsky called the novel by A. S. Pushkin “an encyclopedia of Russian life and an eminently folk work.” What is an encyclopedia? Let's look into the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov:

“Encyclopedia, -i, f.

Scientific and reference publication on all or individual

branches of knowledge in the form of a dictionary (….)"

A multi-volume reference book - and suddenly: a thin book in verse!

Still, Belinsky is right: the fact is that Pushkin’s novel says so much, so comprehensively about the life of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, that if we knew nothing about this era and only read Onegin, we would still knew a lot. The density of information concentrated on each of its pages is truly amazing. How Russian people lived at that time, what they read, what they mostly thought about, what they suffered for,

how they imagined the world around them and their place in it, how they understood the past and how they would like to see the future, what meaning they put into such “eternal concepts” as “love”, “friendship”, “conscience”, “duty”, “loyalty” , "honor". When reading a novel, you live not one, but many lives and are enriched by each one.

Our lesson today is a research lesson.

Our tasks are to find out:

What gives reason to call Pushkin's novel

“encyclopedia of Russian life”?

2) Does the novel retain its encyclopedic quality for the modern reader?

So, at the center of the LSM (logical-semantic model of the lesson) is the concept of “encyclopedia of Russian life”. Coordinate rays are those sciences, knowledge about the development of which we can glean from Pushkin’s novel. Within the framework of one lesson, we will limit ourselves to four coordinate rays: literary criticism, linguistics, history and psychology. During the messages, we fix and distribute the main supporting nodes of the topic being studied in a certain logical order on these coordinate rays.

The object of study is the 1st chapter of Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”

2. Presentation of projects (group performances)

Preliminary tasks for groups

Group of literary scholars (tasks)

Analyze the Onegin stanza.

What role does she play in the composition of the novel?

2. What symbolic meaning does the title of the novel have?

What epigraph is given to the first part of the novel and who is its author?

Find literary realities in the first chapter.

Group of psychologists (tasks)

Make a psychological portrait of Evgeny Onegin. Compare it with a portrait of your contemporary. What are the similarities and differences?

Group of linguists (tasks)

Analyze different lexical groups of words:

a) ancient realities;

b) archaisms and historicisms;

c) foreign words.

What role does the use of certain layers of vocabulary play?

Group of historians (tasks)

What real historical figures are mentioned in the first chapter?

Theater and ballet of the 1st half of the 19th century.

Foreign economic relations of Russia 1st half. 19th century

19th century fashion

Culinary art of the “Pushkin” era

Group of historians

Historicism as the main characteristic of a multifaceted work. History and time are the true heroes of the process of creating a novel. For Pushkin, the historical conditionality of the motives of behavior and the destinies of the characters was fundamentally significant. You can determine the chronological milestones of the characters' biography.

Onegin was born in 1795.

First appeared in the world in 1811.

Let's see to St. Petersburg in the 1st half of the 19th century (slide)

1. Which real historical figures are mentioned?

in the 1st chapter of the novel?

The text of “Eugene Onegin” is replete with historicisms that carry significant information about the time and characters. Let's look at some of them.

1. “Second Chadayev, my Evgeniy”

Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev - a contemporary of Griboyedov and Pushkin, for whom everyone predicted a brilliant future - a career, closeness to the tsar, all sorts of favors and awards. There were rumors that the king was going to make him his adviser, or even his minister. Pushkin believed that, due to his exceptional qualities, Chaadaev should have become a great statesman. But, unfortunately, this did not happen, since Chaadaev wrote an angry article, where he allowed himself to honestly and directly express the truth about his contemporary society. The result was immediate. The magazine where the article was published was closed, and its author, by order of the Tsar, was officially declared insane. But another side of Chaadaev’s life is interesting for us. “Chaadaev was known not only for his love of freedom, independence of judgment, knightly scrupulousness in matters of honor, but also for his refined aristocracy and panache in clothing.” Obviously, our hero borrowed precisely this side of Chaadaev’s life. Let's not blame him for this. “You can be a smart person and think about the beauty of your nails”

2. “What is Kaverin waiting for him there?”

Kaverin P. P. - Göttingener, hussar, reveler and duelist, member of the Union of Welfare. Judging by the text of the novel, he “walked” (that is, caroused) not only with Pushkin. But he also “let a cork into the ceiling” with Onegin at the fashionable restaurateur of that time Talop on Nevsky.

2. Theater and ballet of the 1st half of the 19th century.

(verses 18-20)

Magic land! There in the old days,

Satire is a brave ruler,

Fonvizin, friend of freedom, shone,

And the overbearing Prince;

There Ozerov involuntary tributes

People's tears, applause

Shared with young Semyonova;

There our Katenin was resurrected

Corneille is a majestic genius;

There the prickly Shakhovskoy brought out

A noisy swarm of their comedies,

There Didelot was crowned with glory,

There, there under the canopy of the scenes

My younger days rushed by

Theater (Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg) (slide) was the most powerful and unusually poignant impression for Pushkin and his hero. A magnificent tragic actress shone here Ekaterina Semyonova (slide)

Katenin Pavel Alexandrovich (1792 – 1853) – poet, playwright, critic and translator; translated plays by French enlighteners Corneille and Racine; wrote original dramas and poems (“Invalid Gorev”, “Princess Milusha”). Prince Yakov Borisovich (1740-1791) – translator and playwright. His most famous tragedies are “Vadim Novgorodsky” and “Vladimir and Yaropolk”. The prince translated 5 tragedies of Corneille - an exceptional case in the translation practice of the 18th century.

Brilliant, half-airy,

I obey the magic bow,

Surrounded by a crowd of nymphs,

Worth Istomin; she,

One foot touching the floor,

The other slowly circles,

And suddenly he jumps, and suddenly he flies,

Flies like feathers from the lips of Aeolus;

Either the camp will form, then it will develop

And with a quick foot he hits the leg.

A. I. Istomina - prima ballerina of the Russian tetra. Pushkin calls her the Russian Terpsichore. The poet amazingly subtly defines a line that is characteristic of Russian ballet: “A flight filled with the soul...”. It penetrates into the essence of Istomina’s dance – airy, romantic and at the same time abstractly strict. In the era of Pushkin, ballet experienced its first heyday. Istomina and choreographer Didlo created him worldwide fame.

3. Foreign economic relations of Russia

In order to introduce you to Russia's trade relations, let me invite you to the office of the main character Eugene Onegin (stanza 23)

Everything for the whim of Abundant

London trades scrupulously

And on the Baltic waves

He brings us lard and timber,

Everything in Paris tastes hungry,

Having chosen a useful trade,

Invents for fun

For luxury, for fashionable bliss -

Everything decorated the office

Philosopher at eighteen years old.

4. Early 19th century fashion

Putting on a wide bolivar,

Onegin goes to the boulevard

Bolivar – a hat with such a wide brim that it was impossible to enter the room without taking off the hat. Named in honor of Simon Bolivar (1783-1830), who led the struggle for independence of the Spanish colonies in South America.

How the dandy of London is dressed

Dandy – English fashionista. “The dandies of Pushkin’s era demonstrated not refined politeness, the art of salon conversation and social wit, but shocking carelessness and impudence of manner.”

5. Culinary art of the 1st half of the 19th century.

To Talop he rushed about: I’m sure;

What is Kaverin waiting for him there?

Entered: and there was a cork in the ceiling,

The comet's fault flowed with current;

Before him roast-beef is bloody,

And truffles, the luxury of youth,

French cuisine has the best color,

And Strasbourg's pie is imperishable

Between live Limburg cheese

And golden pineapple...

Let's take a closer look at these dishes.

"Roast-beef bloody" - cold English dish, ox tenderloin, roasted in an oven or on a spit so that its inside remains half-raw, “bloody”, bloody pink.

"Truffles, luxury of youth" - a hot, truly French dish. Truffles are earthen mushrooms.

"Strasbourg pie is imperishable" was baked in puff pastry pate made from veal liver or goose liver. A properly prepared pie did not spoil within a week, which is why Pushkin calls it “incorruptible”

What else did the “golden youth of St. Petersburg” like to pamper themselves with?

Here, in the first chapter we find:

…Thirst asks for more glasses

pour hot fat over cutlets

… Because I couldn’t always

…Beef-steaks and Strasbourg pie

Pouring a bottle of champagne...

So, “cutlets” and “beefsteaks” - what’s surprising here?

2. Group of linguists

The main rule: to understand a work, first of all you need to learn to understand the author’s language, his usage of words

1. Ancient realities in the novel

1) Talk about Juvenal

(Roman satirical poet, born around 42 BC)

2) Two verses from the Aeneid (epic poem by the Roman poet Virgil)

3)Romulus (legendary founder and first king of Rome in the 8th century BC)

4) He scolded Homer and Theocritus, but read Adam Smith...

(Homer is an ancient Greek folk poet;

5) “The science of tender passion, which Nazon sang”

(Ovid Naso - Roman poet 43 BC)

6) Terpsichore -muse of dancing

7) Venus, Zeus, Diana - gods of ancient Greece.

2. Archaisms

1) Accentological (the place of emphasis has changed):

ghost, epigraphs, “on the mirror parquet hall.."

2) phonetic

Piit" - poet;

"eighteen" - eighteen

"And roar violins muted"

3) semantic

a) Latin is now out of fashion:

So, if I tell you the truth,

He knew quite a bit of Latin,

So that epigraphs disassemble...

b) But days gone by jokes

From Romulus to the present day

He kept it in his memory.

Knowing the historical context deepens our understanding of the text.

V) « Small scientist, but pedant". In the “Onegin” era, a “pedant” was a person who flaunted his knowledge, his scholarship, judging everything with aplomb

G) « That's what the young man thought rake". This word had almost a terminological meaning. It was applied to a circle of riotous youth, whose behavior combined reckless gaiety, contempt for secular entertainment, and a certain flavor of political opposition.

d) “People's tears, applause …»

"Splash" - applause

e) Anything for a plentiful whim

Trades London scrupulous...

Scrupulous – used in the sense of “relating to outfits, dandy." And this meaning of the word is now outdated.

4) lexical (mainly, these are Old Slavonic words and expressions)

series, lips, youth, cheeks, persies;
"Born on bregah Not you".

« Young my days rushed by.”

"Or the fiery roses cheeks."

"Il percy , full of languor."

"Manu sails ships" ( sail – sail)

5) grammatical archaisms (have outdated grammatical forms)

"He knew enough in Latin."

“It used to be that he in bed ..." (in modern language

the word "bed" is feminine).

"...Full of people hall ..." (word hall used to be feminine)

5. Historicisms

Yamskaya carriage “It was expensive to maintain his own coachman and his own carriage with horses in St. Petersburg... Not having his own travel, Onegin hired a Yamsk carriage.

6. Foreign words

And I see, I apologize to you,

Well; and so my poor syllable

I could have been much less colorful

In foreign words...

Group of psychologists

“He has his hair cut in the latest fashion, dressed like a London dandy.”	“Young people always want to be different from their elders, and the easiest way to do this is with external accessories. One of the functions of youth fashion and slang, which often shocks conservative fathers, is that with their help teenagers and young men mark and distinguish between “us” and “strangers”.
“I don’t have time to tell you everything that Evgeniy still knew.”	“The abstract philosophical orientation of youthful thinking is connected, of course, not only with formal logical operations, but also with the peculiarities of the emotional world of early youth. ...The breadth of intellectual interests is often combined in early youth with scatteredness, lack of system and method"
“He spent at least three hours in front of mirrors...”	“Teenagers and young men are especially sensitive to the characteristics of their body and appearance, comparing their development with the development of their comrades. It is very important for guys how much their body and appearance correspond to the stereotypical image. At the same time, the youth standard of beauty and simply “acceptable” appearance is often overstated and unrealistic.”
“In his first youth he was a victim of violent pleasures and unbridled passions” “I love mad youth”	The epithet “mad” denotes the extreme dynamism of youth. Youth is a chaotic, stormy, contradictory time. Let us especially highlight the etymological semantics of the epithet mad. Mad derived from enrage, demon. In passion, extreme dependence on seething elemental feelings, there is a lot of demonic, “sins of youth”, for example, Onegin’s affairs with married ladies.
He was tired of the noise of the world... The conditions of light, having overthrown the burden...	Variant of youth crisis. The cycle of early youth has ended (“Be like everyone else”). The transition to mature youth begins ("Who is I?"). Interest in the recently so attractive secular pursuits has disappeared. Satisfaction with passion set in. As a result of spiritual evolution and self-knowledge, the level of claims increases. This is the main acquisition of youth - the discovery of one’s inner world, personal identity. “Youth is the final stage of primary socialization.”

Group of literary scholars

N. G. Dolinina “We will see many times: “Onegin” cannot be read thoughtlessly - you will get confused. Pushkin says a lot of things indirectly, not directly; he trusts the reader’s intelligence and ingenuity, and expects his poems to be taken seriously.” We open the first line of the first chapter: “My uncle had the most honest rules, when he was seriously ill...” We are talking about Evgeniy. It was his uncle who fell ill, and Pushkin begins the novel with his thoughts.

But Pushkin’s contemporary was well aware of another line from Krylov’s fable “The Donkey and the Man”:

The donkey had the most honest rules...

And the whole meaning of the phrase is turned upside down. We immediately feel the author's irony towards his heroes.

Similar discoveries await us at every step. But they will be revealed only to the attentive reader. Let us reveal to you several conceptual keys to the novel.

4. Literary realities can tell a lot about the literary preferences and ideals of the main character.

Like Child Harold, gloomy, languid,

He appeared in living rooms...

Friends of Lyudmila and Ruslan!

The reader of Pushkin knows what kind of literary battle broke out between admirers and detractors of Pushkin’s first poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”

I once walked there too:

But the north is bad for me.

Just a few lines, but we learn a lot: Pushkin lived in St. Petersburg. Now he can't live there. Poet in Bessarabia (first southern exile)

If we continue the line-by-line analysis, we will learn a lot more about Pushkin and can compare him with Onegin. Thus, we also have a story about the author, his searches and dreams, his life.

Systematization of material

(construction of LSM)

During the work, elements of the zigzag technique are used.

Work algorithm

Form new groups based on the color of your cards.

Review the key concepts written on your cards.

What do they have in common?

Place them on the corresponding coordinate beam in a certain logical sequence.

Select a representative of the group who will justify exactly this arrangement of key concepts on the coordinate ray

During the group performance, students must correct their own LSM in their notebooks.

At the end of the performances, students return to their seats.

5. Reflection

Each group gives its own reasoned answer to the lesson questions:

2. Does the novel retain its encyclopedic quality for the modern reader?

6 . Final words from the teacher.

So, the enormity of human potential allowed Pushkin to create a truly “encyclopedia of Russian life”, by reading which one can gain universal knowledge about the sides, problems, opportunities, elements, ideals of Russian reality. But is information alone enough to consider a work of genius? Let it be huge - like in a real encyclopedia. Nobody considers encyclopedic dictionaries to be works of art. In art, in addition to information, the personality of the creator is necessary. The world surrounding the novel's heroes is an unusually rich and complex world. Pushkin's narrative spiritually enriches the reader. The poet, as it were, invites the reader to reflect together on what is happening in the life of society and human souls. And then many new thoughts arise in the reader. Reading Pushkin's novel contributes to the development of a creative perception of the world in readers of any age. Yes, the novel is easy to read, but its “airy bulk” (A. A. Akhmatova) requires the reader to be thoughtful and inquisitive in thought. And then the novel will appear “rhymed” entirely in all its parallel and intersecting layers, plots, lines and motifs, alive and progressive in all its elements and details.”

The topic of the next lesson: “The time of rebellious youth” in the biography of noble youth of the 19th century.”

Essay topics:

"The Theme of Choice in the Novel"

“The intrinsic value of youth in the biography of heroes”

“Eugene Onegin” is the first realistic Russian novel, which “reflected the century and modern man,” according to the author himself. It is already familiar to us that such works depict typical heroes in typical circumstances. But in the era of the creation of this work, when romanticism still dominated, and realism was just beginning to define its features in the works of Pushkin and Griboyedov, much in the novel seemed unusual, even strange, to readers. It is no coincidence that Pushkin so persistently sought to separate the author from the hero,

Because the reader is accustomed to the fact that in the works of romanticism there is one person. The creator of “Eugene Onegin” even uses such an unusual technique as including in the artistic world of the work a unique author-character who is friends with Onegin, keeps letters from the heroes, and is part of their circle of acquaintances. Along with this, directly on the pages of the novel, the author also acts as its creator, discussing with the reader how he creates his characters, what plot twists are expected in the future, etc. And becoming a lyrical hero, the author speaks in lyrical digressions about his life, feelings, thoughts and experiences, complementing the overall picture of life in Russia of that era and creating a genuine “encyclopedia of Russian life”. All this emphasizes the unusual relationship between real facts and fiction in “Eugene Onegin,” and therefore the question of the prototypes of the heroes from the moment readers first became acquainted with the novel began to be widely discussed. In the report, we will consider how modern scientists approach the problem of prototypes of the heroes of Pushkin’s novel and what realities of life are actually reflected in it.
Many of Pushkin's contemporaries A >>> they found traits of their acquaintances, sometimes even themselves, in the heroes of the work; among the possible prototypes of Onegin, Tatyana, Lensky, Olga, a variety of people of that era were named. But later, when the specifics of realism were comprehended - as an artistic method that allows the author to create his characters based on a generalization of a wide range of life phenomena, it became clear that in the literal sense prototypes, that is, those real people from whom this or that image is drawn , in such a work are impossible. As noted by the famous Pushkinist Yu. M. Lotman. And yet, such attempts were made repeatedly, and not only in Pushkin’s era: after all, that creative laboratory of the writer, which allows him to create truly living images, still remains a mystery to us.
Conventionally, we can divide assumptions about the prototypes of the novel’s heroes into two groups. The first includes very naive statements by Pushkin’s contemporaries, and sometimes later evidence that he painted a portrait of this or that person. The second includes serious research and deep judgments by experts on Pushkin’s work that some individual traits of his heroes could be based on the characteristic features of a specific personality. Let's look at the most typical examples of each group.
The first group includes, first of all, memoirs. So, a lot has been written about Tatyana Larina’s prototypes. Among them was Anna Petrovna Kern, known to everyone from her famous message (“I remember a wonderful moment...”). Other contemporaries of Pushkin named Elizaveta Ksaveryevna Vorontsova, the wife of Count M.S. Vorontsov, Governor General, Pushkin’s boss during the poet’s southern exile, as a prototype for Tatyana. He met this famous social beauty in 1823 in Odessa and became passionately interested in her. This feeling left its mark in such wonderful poems as “Burnt Letter”, “Keep Me, My Talisman”, “Farewell”. Indeed, the moment of meeting this woman coincides with the beginning of work on “Eugene Onegin,” but is this enough to draw such an obvious parallel? Vorontsova’s fate in marriage, indeed, resembles the fate of Tatyana Larina, but the character of this real woman was completely different. Rather, on the contrary, Pushkin’s contemporaries, amazed at the accuracy of the creation of typical characters, found analogies with them in real people. So, for example, Alexander Nikolaevich Raevsky, an acquaintance of Pushkin from the southern exile, in a letter to the poet called “Tatyana” a woman close to both of them, as some researchers believe, namely E.K. Vorontsova.
A. N. Raevsky himself was also put forward as the prototype of the hero of the novel - Eugene Onegin. The eldest son of General N.N. Raevsky, with whose family Pushkin traveled around the Crimea in 1820, Alexander Nikolaevich had a strong influence on the young romantic poet. Many poems are dedicated to him, the most famous of which is “The Demon” (1823), although Pushkin’s friendship with him subsequently ceased, as clearly evidenced by the poem “Insidiousness,” written in the fall of 1824 shortly after his arrival in Mikhailovskoye. The reason for the cooling between former friends was that, probably, it was A. N. Raevsky, like Pushkin, passionately in love with E. K. Vorontsova, who contributed to the poet’s removal from Odessa. The traits of the intelligent, skeptical, Byronic, disappointed and devastated by unhappy love Alexander Raevsky could well have been used by Pushkin when creating the image of Onegin.
But other famous personalities were also put forward as the prototype of the hero, for example, Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev. One of the most educated and brilliant people of his time, a future philosopher and publicist. Chaadaev met Pushkin back in 1816 in Tsarskoe Selo, where the regiment in which Chaadaev then served was stationed. Friendship with him continued throughout Pushkin’s life, but he had a particularly strong influence on the young poet. Chaadaev’s “freedom-loving dreams” influenced him in the early period of his creativity. The famous message “To Chaadaev” (1818) and a number of other poems are dedicated to him. However, Chaadaev was famous among his contemporaries not only for his love of freedom, independence and sharp judgment, but also for his refined aristocracy and panache in clothing. It is in this latter capacity that he is ironically mentioned on the pages of Eugene Onegin. Although the parallel can be drawn here on a more serious level. It is known that Chaadaev was one of the prototypes of another literary character - Chatsky from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. Moreover, it is believed that Griboyedov, introducing a line of gossip about the hero’s madness as an expression of the struggle of a conservative society against dissent, in some way foresaw the fate of a real person - Chaadaev. After the publication of the Philosophical Letter in 1836, which contained a sharp assessment of the history of Russia and its current state, Chaadaev was officially declared insane and placed under house arrest. Based on this, Onegin’s rapprochement with the hero of Griboyedov’s comedy in the eighth chapter (“...and ended up, like Chatsky, from a ship to a ball”) suggests that the independence and originality of Chaadaev’s mentality and behavior were also reflected in the image of Onegin.
Versions have been put forward regarding the prototypes and other heroes of the novel, sometimes very naive. Thus, an acquaintance of Pushkin, whom he first met during Mikhailovskaya exile, the son of the mistress of the neighboring Trigorskoye estate, Alexei Nikolaevich Wulf, wrote in his diary in 1833: “I was even a character in the descriptions of Onegin’s village life.”
It is difficult to agree with such straightforwardness of the parallels put forward, but it should still be noted that, indeed, the features of the inhabitants and surroundings of Trigorsky were reflected on the pages of the novel. It is not for nothing that visitors to the Pushkin Nature Reserve are still shown the “Onegin Bench,” which was so named by the Osipov-Wulf family. They believed that it was in such a corner of the park that the memorable explanation between Onegin and Tatyana could have taken place. The family of Praskovya Aleksandrovna Osipova-Wulf consisted of her son Alexey and two more daughters from her first marriage - the eldest Anna and the younger Eupraxia Wulf, two little daughters from her second marriage - Maria and Ekaterina Osipova, as well as Alexandra Osipova's stepdaughter - Alina, as everyone called her here, and niece Anna Ivanovna Wulf. The features of Praskovya Aleksandrovna Osipova were largely reflected in the image of Tatyana Larina’s mother. Having remained the head of a large family after the death of her husband, Praskovya Alexandrovna took upon herself all the economic concerns of the estate, just like the mother of Tatyana and Olga in the novel.
Daughters from her first marriage, sisters Anna and Eupraxia (Zizi - as she was called at home) are those whom Alexey Wulf calls the prototypes of Tatyana and Olga. Are there real reasons for making such comparisons? The cheerful and nimble fifteen-year-old Zizi was the subject of Pushkin’s constant jokes and pranks and his innocent courtship. She had a thin waist. One day, as a joke, Pushkin decided to measure his belt with her. “Our waists were found, identical,” he writes in a letter to his brother. – Consequently, one of two things: either I have the waist of a 15-year-old girl, or she has the waist of a 25-year-old man. Eupraxia is sulking and very sweet.” It was this trait of a real girl that was reflected on the pages of “Eugene Onegin”
Pushkin developed a more serious feeling for another “Trigorsk maiden” - Alina. His famous poem “Confession” is dedicated to her, in which there is a joke, a game, and a deeply hidden feeling: “I love you, even though I’m mad...”. As for Anna Nikolaevna Vulf, the eldest of the sisters, named by Alexei Vulf as a prototype, the situation here is more complicated. Not at all like the frisky Zizi, Anna is a serious, poetic, musical girl, prone to daydreaming and thoughtfulness. She had a deep and serious feeling for the poet, to which she remained faithful until the end of her life. Pushkin, without sharing this feeling, nevertheless appreciated the smart, well-read girl; Knowing about her passion for Byron, he gave her a portrait of the poet. Maybe he courted a little, as he did with other Trigorsk young ladies. Their correspondence has been preserved, in which the girl’s feelings were clearly expressed. Here is an excerpt from her message to the poet: “What should I tell you and where should I start my letter? And at the same time, I feel such a need to write to you that I am unable to obey either reflection or prudence.” Let us remember Tatyana’s letter: “I am writing to you - what more!” What more can I say? Let us note that Anna Wulf, in a letter dated September 11, 1826, from which an excerpt is given, could not yet know these pages of the novel, but the similarities are obvious. Probably, here, as in other cases, we are not talking about a prototype, but about the special nature of the creative process of a realist writer, who melted real life impressions into unforgettable images and characters.
Perhaps we can agree with this point of view. According to scientists who studied Pushkin’s work and found more and more parallels between the heroes of his novel and the poet’s contemporaries, “the main characters of Eugene Onegin had no direct prototypes.” But on the other hand, they themselves “became psychological standards for their contemporaries: comparing themselves and their loved ones with the heroes of the novel became a means of explaining their own and their characters.” It is no coincidence that Yu. N. Tynyanov, who wrote a novel about Pushkin’s era “Kyukhlya,” finds a completely fruitful comparison: he puts forward the version that Lensky’s prototype could be Pushkin’s Lyceum friend, the poet-Decembrist V. K. Kyuchelbecker. Pushkin, while in Mikhailovsky exile, called him “my dear brother by muse, by destiny.” Indeed, individual features of this man could have been used to create the image of Lensky. But what is even more interesting is that Kuchelbecker himself, who knew Pushkin well, expressed a paradoxical, but on the whole very correct thought: “The poet in his 8th chapter is similar to Tatyana. The feeling with which Pushkin is filled is noticeable everywhere, although he, like his Tatiana, does not want the whole world to know about this feeling.”
Indeed, all disputes about the prototypes of the heroes of “Eugene Onegin” are ultimately resolved by the fact that this is “Pushkin’s most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination.” This is what the critic V. G. Belinsky wrote back in the middle of the 19th century, but the validity of his judgments about the main novel of the great Russian poet is only confirmed by the latest studies of his work.

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The problem of prototypes of heroes in the novel “Eugene Onegin”