Test "Simple one-part and incomplete sentences" (8th grade). Parsing single-part and incomplete sentences

In sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member.

B. One-part sentences can be widespread.

B. Incomplete sentences are those in which the main member is missing.

D. The omission of a sentence member in pronunciation can be expressed by a pause.

2. Find one-part sentences.

A. The day is clear.

B. It’s freezing in the morning.

Q. What would that mean?

G. I'm not feeling well.

D. A row of telegraph poles.

3. Make specific, personal suggestions..

A. Choose a book to your liking.

B. Will you be from Moscow?

Q. There is noise in the house.

D. Chickens are counted in the fall.

D. To be a great thunderstorm. 4

4. Find vaguely personal sentences.

A. Here is the front entrance.

B. I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May.

V. There was a knock on the door.

G. You can’t even take a fish out of the pond without difficulty.

D. They will remember his stories for a long time.

5. Provide impersonal sentences.

A. You can’t fill a bottomless barrel with water.

B. It will be dawn soon.

B. Get ready for the lesson.

D. The tree was lit by a thunderstorm.

6. Find generalized personal sentences.

A. You will not see such battles.

B. It worked especially well in the evenings.

V. What kind of birds can you see in the forest!

G. If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds

7. Indicate nominative sentences.

A. I'm cold.

B. Here is Factory Street.

B. This is a house under a tar-paper roof.

G. Three o'clock in the afternoon.

D. The water is a little brownish.

8. Find examples that have incomplete sentences.

A. It dawns early in summer, and late in winter.

B. Mind is power.

B. It’s hot in the hut.

G. We are leaving for the sea tomorrow.

D. “What’s your name?” - “I’m Anna.”

9. What are some examples of incorrect punctuation?

A. On the hill it is either damp or hot.

B. Here is the sea: here are the Perm dense forests.

B. It’s light outside, and you can see right through the garden.

G. Nowhere is there a breath of freedom, native meadows, native fields.

sentences that consist of two or more simple clauses; c) sentences that contain only a predicate or a subject.

2. One-part sentences are divided into the following types: a) nominative, indefinitely personal, complete, impersonal, generalized personal; b) definitely personal, nominative, narrative, generalized personal; c) nominal, indefinitely personal, definitely personal, impersonal, generalized personal.

3. What are the names of one-part sentences in which the actor is not named, but is thought of as a definite person: a) generalized-personal, b) indefinite-personal, c) definite-personal, d) denominative, e) impersonal.

4. Which of the sentences is impersonal: a) Don’t rush with your tongue, drive with your deeds. b) I can’t write today. c) The puddles were covered with blue ice.

5. What are the names of one-part sentences in which there is a predicate, but there is not and cannot be a subject: a) definitely personal; b) impersonal, c) indefinitely personal, d) nominal. 6. Which of the sentences is indefinitely personal: a) There is a small bathhouse in the garden.

b) The bathhouse was recently heated. c) Wake me up early tomorrow.

7. What are the names of sentences in which the actor is not named and is thought of as an indefinite person: a) impersonal, b) indefinitely personal, c) definitely personal, d) denominative.

8. Which of the sentences is generalized-personal: a) The patient could not sleep at night. b) You get tired of hard work quickly. c) There is a serial street number on the gate.

9. What are the names of sentences in which there is only a subject: a) impersonal, b) definitely personal, c) nominative, d) indefinitely personal; e) generalized-personal.

10. Which of these sentences is denominative: a) The first snow fell on the ponds. b) The snow creaks under the sleigh. c) White music under the runners. 11. Which of these sentences is definitely personal: a) The empty old house immediately became noisy. b) Well, brothers, let’s play my favorite song to bedtime! c) Remember those who did not return from the war.

12. In which sentences is the predicate expressed in the form of 1st or 2nd person singular? and many more will reveal the numbers. and imperative mood: a) impersonal, b) indefinite-personal, c) definite-personal, d) nominative, e) generalized-personal.

13. In which sentences is the predicate expressed in the past tense plural form? numbers and 3 persons plural: a) impersonal, b) indefinite-personal, c) definite-personal, d) nominative.

14. In which sentences is the predicate expressed by an impersonal verb or a personal verb in an impersonal form: a) nominal; .b) definitely personal, c) indefinitely personal, d) impersonal.

15. What are the names of sentences that contain all the main and minor members necessary to understand their meaning: a) impersonal, b) complete; c) indefinitely personal, d) nominative; d) incomplete.

16. Parse the sentence. The old village tablecloth smelled of rye bread and milk.

The moon came out and immediately it became noticeably brighter.

.....Volodya was a kind boy and this made his mother happy

......Dark rain clouds were approaching from the east and from there occasionally

sipped moisture

.....A tractor approached and it immediately became noisy on the outskirts of the small sleeping

villages

2.Which of the sentences is incomplete, where a dash should be placed in place of the missing member?

...Through the semicircular windows we will see a garden covered with snow.

.....The flower beds of roses and the buildings entwined with grapes amazed me.

.....There are two forms of life: rotting and burning. The cowardly and greedy will choose the first, the courageous and generous will choose the second.

.....The moon rose and its radiance strangely, variegatedly and mysteriously blossomed the forest.

3.Indicate an incomplete sentence.

....It was already dawn

...I'm chilling

...thought about bread and rest

....after the rain, no thunder, no wind

4. Determine which sentence member is missing in incomplete sentences?

....First I was introduced to Ivan, then to Roman

....To the left, a forgotten spruce rustled, to the right, weeping willows.

....I love St. Petersburg very much. I studied there and worked there for many years

....Larissa’s dress is beautiful, Luda’s is green

5.DEFINE THE TYPE OF ONE-SENTENCE SENTENCE

...you can’t look around our steppe expanses

....clear winter afternoon

....light and sparkling all around

...we were not told that news

...no desire to go

...it took everyone's breath away

...will you go to the zoo with us?

...retransmitted an emergency message

6.indicate the incorrect statement

...all one-part sentences are incomplete

...an impersonal verb can be in the pavementive mood

....the type of one-part sentence is determined by the way of expressing the main member of the sentence

.....the missing word in an incomplete sentence is “suggested” either by the context or by the speech situation.

examples of such combinations and characterize their structure, and if necessary, also indicate the properties of prepositions that allow such use. Can the sentence He walked after me be considered a suitable example?

One-component sentences are simple sentences, the grammatical basis of which is represented by only one main member, which expresses a sign of predicativity

Definitely, indefinitely and generalized personal one-part sentences.

Sentences with a nonverbal subject.

Definitely personal proposals

The predicate - the personal form of the verb - indicates a specific person. This is the 1st or 2nd person in the present or future tense - and never in 3rd person or past tense! And also verbs in the imperative mood: Let's think, Read poetry

Vaguely personal proposals

Here the subject is not defined - this is a certain group of persons that is known to the speaker or is not important to him. In such sentences, the speaker’s attention is focused not on the subject of the action, but on the action itself. The predicate is expressed in the 3rd person plural form (They say, they said, they will talk, they are calling you, they knock on the door, they push on the subway)

Varieties of N.L.P:

Instructions: There is no smoking here, This is how it is prepared,

The rest - They brought a bouquet of lilacs and put it on the table

NLP never describes the actions of objects!

Generalized-personal proposals

The predicate denotes an action that can be attributed to all people in general, and to the speaker among them, that is, to a generalized subject, although the form of the verb itself can be 1st, 2nd or 3rd person (you come and see - ..., we willingly give what we ourselves do not need, etc.)

Types of Ob.L.P. :

Proverb (Chickens are counted in the fall, live and learn)

Narrative-usual (you enter and see, there are days when you give up)

Evaluative-characterizing (you’re always waiting for you, but you can’t get through to her, you won’t meet a living soul here)

Impersonal offers.

The predicate names a spontaneous, involuntary process (state) that does not have an agent, that is, without subject. The absence of an active figure is important (he can’t sleep, his grandmother is sad, he was killed by lightning).

Infinitive sentences.

Infinitive sentences have features inherent in the impersonal. The predicate is expressed by a grammatically independent infinitive: You will never see such battles!

The semantics of infinitive sentences is a designation of possible or impossible, necessary or inevitable action, but the action is always potential. Infinitive sentences are expressive. The main area of ​​use, in addition to fiction, is colloquial speech.

Nominative (nominative) sentences.

Sentences in which there is only a subject expressed in the nominative case of the nominal part of speech. Nominal sentences reflect only the present.

The following types of nominal sentences are distinguished:

Properly existential, which name phenomena, that is, that which has a temporal extension ( Petersburg twilight);

Subject-existential, which name objects located in space; laundresses, trough

Pointing-being - contain particles Here for nearby objects , and out for distant ;

Evaluative-existential - contain evaluative particles (well, what kind of, what: What an ear!).

Incomplete sentence is a sentence with lexically unsubstituted syntactic positions. The following positions may not be substituted:

1.main members:

Predicate (Dad took the newspaper. Mom took the book)

Subject (- Where is Petya? - Sitting in the library)

2.distributing members:

Additions (-Where is the book? - The neighbor took it)

There are no members of the sentence restored from the context here. The main distinguishing feature of incomplete sentences is that they are incomprehensible when used in isolation, that is, outside a communication situation or without context. In accordance with where the information about the missing word in the sentence comes from, they are divided into:

-Contextually incomplete: those that are clear from the context. Example: The road is a spoon for dinner,and denunciation - for elections.

-Situationally incomplete: those that are understandable in a communication situation; understandable only to the participants in the situation (those who speak and those who observe). May be perceived inaccurately; exist mainly in oral form. Example: (in a furniture store a person points to a cabinet: - Eight thousand? = Does this wardrobe cost eight thousand?)

A dash is usually placed in place of a word missing in an incomplete sentence (I write with a pen, and he with a pencil).

Incomplete sentences can be either one-part or two-part, depending on which structural scheme corresponds to them:

Lord, what did you use to break the window? - With a mousetrap (= I broke the window with a mousetrap - two-part incomplete);

What are you missing? - Attention (= I don’t have enough attention - one-part impersonal incomplete)

Elliptical sentences

Elliptic sentences are a special type of incomplete sentences. They always lack a predicate verb. They differ in that they are understandable without context and without a situation. In elliptical sentences, it is not customary to put a dash at the gap.

Verbs can ellipse:

verbs of being, being in space. What? Who? → where? example: A book is on the table. (lying)

verbs of motion. Who? → where? where? examples: We're going to school. We are from school. Tatyana goes into the forest, the bear follows her. (let's go)

verbs of speech, thoughts. Who? → about what? about whom? examples: Who's talking about what, and the lousy one about the bathhouse. (dreaming, thinking)

verbs of energetic, aggressive action. whom? → what? for what? examples: And you would have him by the hair! Board them, board them! As soon as the redhead passes, I’ll immediately hit him in the eye! (Grab him, hit him)

Parcellation

Parcellation is the division of a single sentence in a language using a period into a number of statements. Example: He promised to come. And he arrived. (parcel that is not an independent sentence)

The following can be parceled:

Homogeneous members (including predicates)

Minor members

Parts of a complex sentence

Purposes of use: text rhythmization; highlighting important pieces of information;

A large number of errors in the analysis of simple sentences are associated with a lack of understanding of the specifics of one-part and incomplete sentences, with the inability to distinguish between these types of constructions.

One-part sentences- these are sentences in which the grammatical basis consists of one main member. This main member of a sentence is grammatically independent and is expressed by verb forms, nouns, and adverbs. The grammatical and lexical meaning of the main term is such that the presence of a second main term is excluded.
The type of one-part sentence is determined by the value of the main member. All one-part sentences are divided into two types: verbal and nominal. Verbal sentences include definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, and impersonal sentences. The nominal type is represented by nominal sentences.

IN definitely personal proposals the main member indicates that the action belongs to a specific person - the speaker or the listener. Only 1st or 2nd person verbs have this meaning in Russian: I go hunting. Give me your paw, Jim, for luck.

IN indefinitely personal sentences the main member has the meaning of an indefinite person: Unpainted floors here are washed with grit. The meaning of an indefinite person allows one to correlate an action with either one single person or a large group of persons. The meaning of the verb form is, as it were, generally abstracted from the specification of the bearer of the action. In the Russian language, verbs in the 3rd person plural form, verbs in the plural form of the past tense and the subjunctive mood can receive this meaning.

Generalized-personal proposals have a main member, the meaning of which represents the action as relating to all persons without exception. Such meanings are widely represented in proverb sentences and aphorism sentences: You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.. Generalized personal meaning is expressed in Russian by verbs of the 2nd person singular of the present tense and imperative mood, as well as verbs of the 3rd person plural of the indicative mood: They don’t go to someone else’s monastery with their own rules.
The expression of this type of meaning using the 2nd person verb form leads to the fact that the speaker, among all the persons to whom he attributes the action, involuntarily distinguishes himself and his interlocutor. Therefore, the meaning of a generalized personal type can be conventionally represented as “I + you + all others.”
It is no coincidence that sentences of this type are not used in a scientific and official business style.

Impersonal offer has a main member that expresses an action or state regardless of the person: The streets are clean; The bus bounced more and more often; It's already getting dark.
Impersonal meaning in Russian can be expressed by impersonal verbs, personal verbs with impersonal meaning, and adverbs. Some of these adverbs can only be used as the main member of an impersonal sentence: it’s possible, it’s necessary, it’s a pity, it’s time and etc.

Denominative sentences speak about the existence, being of an object.
The main member of nominative sentences is expressed by a noun in the nominative case:

Night. Street, flashlight, pharmacy, meaningless and dull light.

Nominative sentences may include demonstrative particles:

Here's the house Petrovs.

Of the minor members of the sentence in nominative sentences, one can most often find agreed and inconsistent definitions

Goals:

repetition and systematization of knowledge about single-component and incomplete sentences;

observation and conclusions about the role of these sentences in the text;

consolidation of knowledge about syntactic means of expressive speech,

improving text analysis skills.

Equipment: interactive board; multimedia projector; a computer for each student; presentation, tests; cards for independent work.

(Note: the presentation is prepared in Power Point and then imported into the memory of the interactive whiteboard; texts that will need to be manipulated during the lesson are entered directly into the memory of the board).

During the classes

1. Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Slides No. 1 and No. 2. Theme and objectives of the lesson.

Today in the lesson we will repeat and consolidate knowledge on the topic “One-part sentences. Incomplete sentences”, observe the role of these sentences in the text, consolidate knowledge about the means of expressive speech, and also improve text analysis skills.

(Write down the topic of the lesson in notebooks).

2. Theoretical warm-up.

Slide number 3. Terminological crossword puzzle.

Let's repeat the material from the previous lesson. Theoretical warm-up by solving a crossword puzzle, in the center of which is the keyword of the lesson topic.

1. Single ending of lines, stanzas. 2. Arrangement of words in order of strengthening or weakening of the attribute.3. Connection of incompatible, contradictory concepts.4. Unity of lines, stanzas.5. Deliberate omission of conjunctions.6. Repeating a segment of speech at the beginning of the corresponding segment of speech following it.7. Intentional omission of any part of a sentence.8. Repeating words or sentences to draw attention to them.9. Dividing sentences into several semantic phrases.10. Changing the usual word order in a sentence.11. A sharp contrast of concepts and images.12. Stylistic _______ speeches.13. Intentionally excessive repetition of conjunctions.

( Answers. 1. Epiphora. 2. Gradation. 3. Oxymoron. 4. Anaphora. 5. Non-union. 6. Pickup. 7. Ellipsis. 8. Repeat. 9. Parcellation. 10. Inversion. 11. Antithesis. 12. Shapes. 13. Multi-union.)

3. Reporting information from the history of the issue of one-part sentences.

(Individual message from a prepared student. The speech is accompanied by a demonstration of portraits of scientists on slides).

Slide number 4 - portraits of Buslaev and Vostokov.

Slide No. 5 - portraits of A. A. Potebnya and A. A. Shakhmatov.

“In the history of Russian linguistics, the question of the essence of a one-part sentence was resolved in different ways.

Thus, linguists Fyodor Ivanovich Buslaev and Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov considered one-part sentences as incomplete, because they believed that a sentence as a syntactic unit should only be two-membered, i.e. with two main members.

Some scientists, for example Alexander Afanasyevich Potebnya, considered a sentence without a predicate unthinkable, therefore sentences with the main member - a noun in the nominative case (nominative) were classified as incomplete.

A huge contribution to the study of syntax, in particular one-part sentences, was made by the great Russian linguist Alexey Alexandrovich Shakhmatov. In his book “Syntax of the Russian Language,” according to V.V. Vinogradov, “for the first time, colossal material has been collected, characterizing the amazing variety of syntactic structures of the modern Russian language.”

A. A. Shakhmatov was the first in the history of our science to identify types of one-part sentences and describe the features of their structure. Many syntactic ideas of A. A. Shakhmatov have still not lost their relevance.

Currently, the separation of one-component sentences into a separate structural type of a simple sentence is beyond doubt. However, on the issue of dividing them into groups, as well as limiting their types (for example, nominative ones), unity of views has not yet been achieved."

4. Repetition of types of one-part sentences.

We are studying the classification of one-part sentences that is recognized at the present stage. What sentences are called one-part sentences?

What groups are they divided into?

Slide No. 6. Scheme for dividing single-component sentences into groups.

Use the table on the slide to tell about each type of one-part sentence, using theoretical information from the textbook by O. V. Zagorovskaya, according to plan: meaning, way of expressing the main member, example.

Slides No. 7 - 8.

What is special about generalized personal sentences?

Can one-part sentences be common?

5. Work on the interactive whiteboard. An exercise in identifying types of one-part sentences.

What is needed to quickly and correctly identify the species

one-part sentences?

(Be able to quickly find a grammatical basis and determine the way of expressing it)

Slide number 9

In these sentences, underline the predicates and write the method of expression next to them. Determine the type of offers.

They don't fish here.______________________

I hasten to help you.___________________________

Freezing.__________________________

There are no bridges on this river.___________________________

It's time to sleep._______________________________

It's windy and damp outside. __________________

Create a duty schedule.______________

Slide number 10

(Each sentence on the slide between the first and second task is entered directly into the memory of the interactive whiteboard as a separate text):

It was cold outside.

Broken lines, sharp corners.

There are many songs written about love.

They have been saying a lot of good things about him for a long time.

See you soon.

There is a smell of thunder in the air.

This should not happen!

Everything around was quiet and calm.

You will be punished for being late.

Distant friend, remember me.

What goes around comes around.

Many people don't have computers yet.

1st task:

Find two-part sentences and move them from the list of sentences off the board (by dragging).

2nd task:

Transfer the remaining one-part sentences to the table in accordance with the method of expressing the predicate, determine the type of sentence.

Which sentence was left out of the table? Why?(Nominal - main member - subject).

6. Working with ex. 22 in the textbook by O. V. Zagorovskaya (Part 2) - page 43.

Reading sentences and identifying their types.

7. Observations on the role of one-part sentences in speech.

Where are one-part sentences most often used in speech?

(In fiction and journalistic literature, as well as in oral conversation).

- The material in the next slides will take us to the topic that is studied in literature lessons - poetry of the Silver Age.

(Texts on slides No. 11 and 12 are also entered into the memory of the board, each sentence separately)

Slides No. 11 and 12. Portraits of poets and poetic texts.

Find one-part sentences, highlight them in a different color, and determine the type. What is their role in this text?

Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
A storm is coming. It hits the shore
A black boat alien to enchantment.
K. Balmont.

(Denominative sentences allow you to give a lot of information in a laconic form. The author literally reports in a few words about the place, time of action and the state of the weather. Denominative sentences create a special expressiveness of the text: romance, mystery, tension).

I have a feeling about you. The years pass by -
All in one form I foresee You.
The whole horizon is on fire - and unbearably clear,
And I wait silently, yearning and loving.
A. Blok.

(Definitely personal sentences. The subject is not named, but he is thought of definitely. The subject is superfluous here. And without it it is clear that the speaker is communicating about himself, about his internal state.)

Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes
Swans and don't look for a trace.
With a sheaf of your oat hair
You belong to me forever.
S. Yesenin.

(Impersonal sentences can express the state of nature or a person. In this case, they convey the special state of the lyrical hero, his inability to withstand life’s circumstances. Verbs in an indefinite form show generality, and with repeated negation, not - the irrevocability of the action).

I'm being reproached for something
And they agree with me on some points:
So the confession flows silently
Conversations of the most blessed one.
A. Akhmatova.

(Indefinite personal sentences do not indicate the doer, but everything is clear to us. The main thing is not the doer, but the action itself, contained in 3rd plural verbs. In these sentences, the emphasis is on the action).

8. Game "Auction of poetic lines."

What poetic lines can you remember that contain one-part sentences? (The one who names the last one wins).

9. Review of incomplete sentences.

Slide number 13.

What sentences are called incomplete?

In what cases are they used?

a) in dialogues,

b) in the second part of a complex sentence ).

What new information does Zagorovskaya’s textbook give about incomplete sentences?

( The concept of elliptic sentences ).

10. Exercise in recognizing incomplete sentences.

Slide number 14.

Can one-part sentences be incomplete? (Yes ).

Are the following sentences incomplete?

1. Early morning. 2. It's dawn. 3. I find out the latest news on the radio. 4. They bring us newspapers during the day.(All complete, one-piece).

Determine what these sentences are:

- Were you informed of my arrival?(Full, single-stage)

- Reported.(Incomplete, single-part)

- Will it finally get warmer soon?(Full, single-stage)

- Soon.(Nepln., single-part.)

11. Working with ex. 23 (Part 2) - page 45

(Only the sentence numbers are written on the prepared cards in accordance with the assignment in the textbook.)Appendix 2

Answers:

Full two-part: 1; 2; 5(1st part); 7 (1st part).

Complete one-parts: 3 (1st part); 4; 6.

Incomplete, understandable only in context: 3 (2nd part); 5 (2nd hour); 7 (2nd part).

Elliptical: 8.)

12. Working with text.

Slide number 15.

Read the text:

1). It was the end of November. 2). We had to sail all the way to Gibraltar amid a storm with sleet. 3) But they sailed quite safely. 4). There were many passengers, the ship looked like a huge hotel with all the amenities. 5). Life there flowed smoothly. 6). We got up at that early hour, when it was dawning so slowly and uninvitingly over the gray-green watery desert, heavily agitated in the fog. 7). We put on flannel pajamas, drank coffee, chocolate, and then sat in the baths and did gymnastics, stimulating our appetite and feeling good. 8). Until eleven o'clock they were supposed to walk briskly along the decks, breathing in the cold freshness of the ocean. 9). At eleven - refresh yourself with sandwiches with broth. 10). Having refreshed ourselves, we read the newspaper with pleasure and calmly waited for the second breakfast, more varied than the first. 11. The next two hours were devoted to rest.

I. Bunin.

What work is the excerpt from?("Mr. from San Francisco").

Of course, we learned everything, since we had just recently studied it in literature class. Name one-part sentences and their type.(Each type is highlighted in a different color).

What types of one-part sentences predominate in the text?

What is the role of one-part sentences in this text?

( They are a vivid syntactic means of expressiveness and help the author convey to the reader the main ideological meaning of the work. The text contains many vaguely personal and impersonal sentences that do not imply an image of the figure. The importance of the action itself is emphasized here.

These sentences emphasize the impersonality and lack of individuality of those who consider themselves masters of life. Everything they do is unnatural: entertainment are needed only to artificially stimulate appetite. The use of these sentences allowed the author, without naming specific figures, to show a generalized picture of soulless life in the world of capitalism. These are the nameless "cream" of society. Let us remember that Mr. from San Francisco himself does not have a name.)

What role does this episode play in the story "The Mister from San Francisco"?

(Helps to reveal the idea of ​​the work, the author’s position)

- What is the idea of ​​this episode?

(Lack of spirituality of representatives of capitalist society, pretense, falsehood).

By what means of artistic expression is the author’s position represented?

Metaphors and epithets : storm with sleet, uninviting light, gray-green watery desert, cold freshness of the ocean.

Symbols: The hotel-like steamship is associated with the Titanic.

A large number of verbs in the past tense makes the action relevant and believable.

Syntactic parallelism: same structure of (3,6,7,10 sentences) and (8, 9) sentences.

Ellipsis: the deliberate omission of the predicate in the 9th sentence allows us to emphasize the author’s assessment: a negative attitude towards the fact that it was “supposed” to go for a walk, and to be reinforced.

Antithesis: a luxurious ship and landscape, relaxation and getting up early, mandatory action.

Oxymoronic language: It was getting uninvitingly light, we were reading the newspaper with pleasure.

What is your speaking style? Prove it.

14. Conclusion.

What is the role in this text of all the above-mentioned means of language, style, type of speech?

(Narration makes it possible to visually convey the actions performed by vacationers on the ship; descriptive elements help to realistically imagine the ship, landscape, etc. And the artistic style involves the use of many means of linguistic expressiveness, which helps to recreate a complete picture of what is happening on the ship, revealing the ideological content and author's positions). Appendix 3 .

The contrast between two-part and one-part sentences is associated with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-Part Sentences contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's getting dark.

Types of one-part sentences

Notes

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There's not a cloud in the sky) are monocomponent only when expressing negation. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence will become two-part: the genitive case form will change to the nominative case form (cf.: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There's not a cloud in the sky) is considered part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually treated as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers classify them as impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal sentences in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of active action is noted ( Be a thunderstorm! Let's go to the sea!).

4) Many researchers classify denominative (nominative) sentences as two-part sentences with a zero connective.

Note!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with an object in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a penny) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a penny).

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).

2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is a statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only when the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate be.

Wed: It was night ; It will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

3) Denominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain adverbials, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in denominative (nominative) sentences). If a sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (Where?) around the corner; I- (Where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to parse such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

Wed: I'm walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

1. Determine the type of one-part sentence.
2. Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that allow the sentence to be classified specifically as this type of one-part sentence.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by a verb in the second person imperative mood.

A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by a verb in the plural past tense.

With a kind word you can melt a stone(proverb).

The proposal is one-part. The form is definitely personal: predicate melt it expressed by a verb in the second person future tense; in meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the predicate verb refers to any character (cf.: A kind word will melt any stone).

It smelled wonderful of fish.(Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by a verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

Soft moonlight(Zastozhny).

The sentence is one-part (nominal). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.