What advice is contained in proverbs seven times. Measure seven times

day of “non-standard standard”... What has the new generation Federal State Educational Standard become for Russian teachers? Of course, this is a certain period, if not a “phenomenon of life,” professional life...
But it just so happened that the most significant phenomena of our life, character traits, various actions of people entered history through proverbs and sayings.
Proverb - a phrase, a figure of speech reflecting some phenomenon of life, one of the small genres of folklore. Often has a humorous character.
Proverb - a small form of folk poetry, clothed in a short, rhythmic saying, carrying a generalized thought, conclusion, allegory with a didactic bias.

Let us also try to read our most serious document and see in it a certain “didactic bias” (we quote Wikipedia!), but we will read and retell it “in a different way”

Allegory - an expression containing a hidden meaning; used as a literary device.

For example, the well-known saying “
And what other proverbs and sayings can be cited that talk about the significance of personal results and supra-subject activities necessary for successful self-realization...

So, LET'S ALLEGORIZEthe same standard… What universal educational actions are spoken of in the most common proverbs and sayings?...

A well-known saying "Measure 7 times, cut once” clearly teaches planning and organizing one’s activities, assessing the conditions in which decisions are made. This is also stated in the proverb "Take it with you so you don’t groan while walking" In the standard it sounds like this: “possession of the basics of self-assessment, decision-making and making informed choices.”

Fighting alone won't turn your life around
It speaks very figuratively about the importance of skills to organize cooperation and joint activities! There are many more aphorisms, proverbs, sayings about the meaning of TEAM.

"The word is not a sparrow - it will fly out and you won't catch it"
I would never have said it before so SCIENTIFICALLY, as it is written in the text of the Federal State Educational Standard: the ability to consciously use speech means in accordance with the task of communication.

Many proverbs are devoted to regulatory control systems. Here, for example, is one of them:
Prepare the sleigh in the summer and the cart in the winter.
UUD - planning - determining the sequence of intermediate goals, taking into account the final result; drawing up a plan and sequence of actions.

Those who are good at reading and writing will not be lost.In my opinion, this proverb contains a hint of personal UUD (meaning formation, i.e., students establishing a connection between the goal of a learning activity and its motive, between the result of learning and what motivates the activity, for the sake of which it is carried out).

More science means smarter hands.
It seems to me that this proverb fits what we learn and experience at the conference. The teacher must know ICT and keep up with new information technologies.

Living life is not a field to cross
We all know this proverb well!
And we are talking, first of all, about the ability to build a logical conclusion based on one’s own observations and conclusions. The Federal State Educational Standard is clearly focused on developing reflection skills.

Formation and development of environmental thinking, the ability to apply it in social practice:
Don't spit in the well: you'll need to drink the water
A lot of forest - don’t destroy it, a little forest - take care, no forest - plant it
There is no bad land, there are bad ownersъ

Personal results
Awareness of the importance of family in the life of an individual and society, acceptance of the value of family life, respectful and caring attitude towards family members
In the family the porridge is thicker.
Land without water is dead, a man without a family is empty.
A tree is held together by its roots, and a person is held together by its family.
Grandmother - only grandfather is not a grandson.
What is the treasure for if there is harmony in the family?
For a grandson, grandfather is the mind, and grandmother is the soul.
Don't hide your failures from your parents.
A good family is a harbor in a storm, a bad family is a storm in a harbor.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
In your home, even the walls help
It is not the stove that warms the house, but love and harmony
awareness of the importance of family in the life of a person and society, acceptance of the value of family life, respectful and caring attitude towards family members

Relationships as a factor in health.
Being healthy is a necessary condition for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard:

Quarrel is the enemy of health
Don't swear - you'll grow old
Whoever makes people angry for no reason is the one who hurts everything
A bee stings with poison, and a man with a word
Don't be angry - you'll ruin your liver
Anger dries the bones, health
He who does not return anger with anger saves both himself and others from misfortune.
When you get angry, count to one hundred
Disease loves the cowardly
Man to man medicine
Merry disease is afraid
Healthy fun - salvation from any troubles
He who lives in happiness and joy is not affected by illness.
A smile promises us an extension of the century, but anger only makes a person older.

Live and learn!
Motivation for education and self-education throughout your life.

motivated for creativity and innovation:
bad head gives no rest to the legs
prepared for an informed choice of profession, understanding the importance of professional activity for an individual and society:
needed where was born

Learn from mistakes- the ability to adjust your actions in accordance with a changing situation;
Those who want are looking for opportunities, those who don’t want are looking for reasons.- ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships
To be afraid of the enemy means not to survive- find a common solution and resolve conflicts based on coordinating positions and taking into account interests

“If you do it hastily, you will make a mockery”. Everyone knows this proverb. And in the language of the Federal State Educational Standard, this means monitoring one’s activities in the process of achieving results.

Don’t take on a big task alone: you’ll break your back.
This proverb says that great work needs to be done in a team, not alone. Working in a team develops skills of cooperation with adults and peers in different social situations, the ability not to create conflicts and find ways out of controversial situations.

“Look at your feet: you won’t find anything, at least you won’t break your nose.”- monitor your activities in the process of achieving results

Take on everything - do nothing
The ability to correlate your actions with planned results. We are talking about reflection too: how important it is to be able to objectively assess your capabilities!

Bake pancakes! - I would be glad to bake, but there is no flour. - Well, there’s no flour, bake it anyway. Graduates will learn to perceive and analyze. messages - educational UUD.
The ABC is science, and the guys are beech (flour)- subject UUD. In the field of personal universal learning activitiesthe internal position of the student will be formed, adequate motivation for educational activities, including educational andcognitive motives.

What one person cannot do is easy for a team.
formation of communicative competence in communication and cooperation

Health is the head of everything, the most important thing.
formation of the value of a healthy and safe lifestyle

Science is not given for nothing - science is gained through hard work.
developing a responsible attitude towards learning

“You can’t wash down a bad word with velvet honey.”
“The horse breaks out - you’ll catch up, but you can’t take back the spoken word.”
The ability to consciously use verbal means in accordance with the communication task to express one’s feelings, thoughts and needs.

He who does not control himself will not guide others to reason.
And this is about modern teachers!

Teaching forms the mind, and education forms morals.
The standard is aimed at ensuring: spiritual and moral development and education of students at the primary general level
education, the formation of their civic identity as the basis for the development of civil
society.

They teach not only by telling, but also by showing.
The Standard is based on a system-activity approach.

Where it's thin, that's where it breaks.- the cause-and-effect relationship is clearly visible in the proverb.
If only mushrooms grew in my mouth- then there would be not a mouth, but a full garden. - just like in the previous proverb, a cause-and-effect relationship is revealed.
Everyone fancies himself a strategist, seeing the battle from the outside.- identification and awareness of the essence and features of the objects being studied.

"If you love to talk, love to listen" teaches to clearly take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate different positions in cooperation.

Regulatory UUD:
Time for business, time for fun- ability to plan your activities.
You can’t handle seven things in one hand- ability to distribute forces and achieve goals gradually
Before you start, think, but when you start, do- mental activity approach.

Seven Fridays for a week. (The saying speaks of a fickle person, a person who changes his intentions and opinions too often.)

Measure seven times and cut once. (The meaning of the proverb is that before you do anything, check everything carefully and think carefully, slowly, whether you have taken everything into account.)

The heart bleeds. (Usually said when they are worried about the grief of other people, or when they are upset because of some loss.)

It sits like a collar on a cow. (A saying about a man whose clothes do not suit him.)

Sitting on the stove, you won’t even earn money for candles. (About work and laziness. If you idle, you will be poor; if you are persistent and hardworking, you will achieve success.)

Power that knows no purpose is the mother of laziness. (The proverb means that if a person has opportunities, but he cannot or does not want to use these opportunities anywhere for good, it gives rise to laziness. These opportunities do not bring benefits but are lost due to idleness and laziness.)

The strong will defeat one, the knowledgeable - a thousand. (The proverb means that with the help of knowledge and science, any business will be much more effective and better than without it.)

The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it. A lesson to good fellows! (An expression from A.S. Pushkin’s work “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”. It means that in every fairy tale there is an instructive hidden meaning that teaches us how to do the right thing, how not to make mistakes, how to distinguish good deeds from evil. Every child, should try to grasp this meaning and draw the right conclusions.)

No matter how much you feed the wolf, he still looks into the forest. (A wolf will not exchange freedom for anything, it is very difficult to tame him, he is always drawn to the forest. It’s the same with people: if a person really wants to go somewhere, or change something, then nothing can stop him or dissuade him.)

Reluctantly. (The proverb is used when something is done against one’s will, when one does not want to do it, but it is necessary or forced by circumstances.)

Miser pays twice. (The proverb means that a person often saves where he should not, and subsequently this saving costs many times more. People also often buy cheap and low-quality things that immediately break or become unusable and have to be purchased again.)

To follow good is to climb a mountain, to follow evil is to slide into an abyss. (The proverb clearly shows: what will happen to a person depends on his actions. Good will lift you up, evil will lower you to the bottom.)

Too many cooks only spoil the mess. (German proverb. It is said when it is important not to overdo it and do everything in moderation.)

Words are good when they come from the heart. (Spanish proverb. The proverb means that when a person sincerely speaks good words, they sound special and especially pleasant.)

The word is not a sparrow: if it flies out, you won’t catch it. (The proverb teaches person: if you already said something, then answer for your words. Also, if you want to say bad and hurtful words to someone, think a hundred times whether it’s worth saying it. Then the situation may never be corrected, or disaster may result.)

Resin is not water, swearing is not hello. (Proverb that swearing is bad.)

Snow is a warm cover for the earth-nurse. (The meaning of the proverb is that snow is a shelter from frost for plants. If there is no snow in winter, the winter crop and plants may freeze.)

Ate the dog. (Russian proverb. It means that a person has acquired great experience in something, achieved mastery, and knows a lot about it.)

Advice with people never hurts. (Belarusian proverb. It means that if it is very difficult for you to make a decision, then you should consult with more experienced and wise people. But after listening to their advice, the decision is still yours to make.)

Nightingales are not fed fables. (The proverb is said when a person is constantly promised something, but they do not fulfill their promise. It is said to a person who has tired him with his lies and impossible promises. It means that if a nightingale is fed with fables instead of food, he will not survive.)

PRESCHOOL AGE
PEOPLE
PROVERB
PROVERB
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT

The article presents a detailed analysis of some characteristics of proverbs and sayings. A proverb and a saying are a short folk saying with edifying content.

The role of psychological characteristics in the use of technical teaching aids
The problem of communication adequacy in the theory of simultaneous translation

From time immemorial, proverbs and sayings were perceived by people as a real storehouse of the wisdom of their ancestors. Tarlanov Z.K. believes that proverbs “organically combine the merits of a folk encyclopedia, poetic masterpieces and figures of oratory that are irresistible in their grace,” since they show us folk ideas about good and evil, about the world and society around us, the relationships of people in it and express all this very clear verbal formulas.

Proverbs are a special type of linguistic expression that prescribes rules of behavior and gives normative assessments of events and actions from the point of view of today's practice. We can say that proverbs are carriers of a special cultural and value code for the entire linguistic community; proverbs act as unique moral regulators of human behavior and worldview. Many people trust and follow the rules contained in proverbs; the system of raising the younger generation is based on the advice contained in these ancient examples of folk wisdom. In the minds of most people, proverbs, along with the holy books of various religions, are the main source of knowledge about moral and ethical standards.

From a scientific point of view, a proverb is a verbally stable, rhythmically and grammatically organized saying, which records the practical experience of the people and their assessment of certain life phenomena. Appears in speech, in contrast to sayings, as an independent judgment. This interpretation is recorded in the Encyclopedia of the Russian Language, which also notes the artistic, ideological and linguistic value of Russian folk proverbs.

An important aspect is that the text of the proverb is expressed in a certain expressive fixed form, which finds its direct expression in the syntax, vocabulary and semantics of the proverb. At the same time, the expressiveness of proverbs fades into the background, and the general assessment of the situation described in the proverb, motivating advice or general instructive meaning comes to the fore.

Let's consider the main linguistic features of Russian proverbs from the point of view of grammatical structure, lexical and phonetic features.

Features of the grammatical structure:

Frequent use of a compound nominal predicate;

The root of the teaching is bitter, but its fruit is sweet
Poverty is not a vice
The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.
Seven troubles - one answer.
Alphabet - the wisdom of the step.
The product is good and the price is reasonable.
Well mixed, but not baked.

Frequent use of the imperative mood;

Don't spit in the well - you'll need some water to drink.
Eat the mushroom pie and keep your mouth shut.
Live according to your strength, reach for your abundance.
Strike while the iron is hot.
If you don't know the ford, don't go into the water.
Judge not, lest ye be judged.
Trust but check.
Seven times measure cut once.

Using syntactic parallelism:

After a thunderstorm there is a bucket, after grief there is joy
Without an ax you are not a carpenter, without a needle you are not a tailor.
A beautiful girl in a round dance: like poppies in the garden
Yours are playing, and ours are crying
The rich man feasts on weekdays, the poor man grieves on holidays
The truth is good, and the truth is not bad.

Features of the lexical structure:

Frequent use of figurative language;

In one fell swoop, a hundred beatings, and not counting the rest.
Don't wash dirty linen in public.

Frequent use of evaluative vocabulary;

My darling wife loves a soft pillow.
My mouth hurts, but my belly wants to eat.
My girl is smart, she spins finely, she sharpens cleanly, she bleaches it white.
The face of a fellow, but the mind of a brute.
It’s not a big drop, but the stone is chiseling.
The lip is not a fool, the tongue is not a spatula: it knows what is bitter and what is sweet.

Frequent use of language games.

We live without a burden: there is no firewood, no splinter.
While the fat one loses weight, the thin one will die of hunger.
God will give and give it to the window.
Whatever God gives you, he will either help you out or teach you.

Phonetic features:

The use of various sound repetitions (alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme);

Knocked it down, knocked it together - here's the wheel, sat down and drove off - oh, good! I looked back - only the knitting needles were lying there!
Cabbage soup and porridge are our food.
And there is no honor if there is nothing to eat.
Two inches from the pot.
Worldly rumor is a wave of the sea.

Clear syllabic-tonic pattern.

Also, the main features of proverbs as phraseological units of the Russian language include laconic presentation, clarity of thought, fairly broad common usage in speech, the use of clichéd forms, constancy of the lexical composition and location of the components of the proverb, reproduction in colloquial speech usually in finished form, stability, imagery and expressiveness .

Russian folk proverbs for psychological and pedagogical activities have great scientific value. Outstanding Russian teacher K.D. Ushinsky argued in his scientific works: “Russian proverbs are important in the initial teaching of the Russian language, firstly, in their form, and secondly, in their content.” In the book “Native Word,” intended for primary school students, K.D. Ushinsky included about 300 proverbs and sayings and several stories that reveal the meaning of some of them. L.N. During his teaching career, Tolstoy also wrote several stories based on Russian proverbs for students of literacy. Currently, the study of folk proverbs is a mandatory structural element of speech development when studying the native language, as well as when studying foreign languages in order to enrich the vocabulary of students.

Proverbs are of no small importance in the development of the spiritual and moral culture of the personality of modern man. Appeal to the moral principles inherent in this folklore genre represents an important stage in the formation and development of an individual’s worldview.

Thus, proverbs of the Russian language have great scientific value from the point of view of not only studying the language system, but also as a psychological and pedagogical means of introducing students of various ages (usually preschool and school age) to the cultural and moral values of their fatherland.

Bibliography

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Editor's response

On October 14, the whole world celebrates Standardization Day. It's a good thing, but everyone has different standards - pounds, grams, inches, degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius.

A hundred years ago, Russia had its own standards, different from both European and American ones.

They are still in use today. Only we do not use them for their intended purpose - ancient Russian measures are fixed at the level of proverbs and sayings. We have made a selection of the most typical examples.

About how national character can be determined by proverbs, sayings and fairy tales,

“You can’t understand Russia with your mind, you can’t measure it with a common yardstick...”

"Small spool but precious"

Initially, this was the name of the gold coin from the time of Vladimir the Red Sun.

It weighed 4.26 g. For calculations, silver hryvnias were increasingly used, each of which weighed 204.75 g.

By weight, exactly 48 spools would fit there. You could buy a war horse with both a hryvnia and a spool. Or 10 live dairy cows. Or 30 slaughtered, in carcasses.

"Seven spans in the forehead"

Literally, a “highly intelligent” person. However, everyone can be convinced that those same “seven spans” are not to be found even in Socrates or Lenin, owners of the highest foreheads in the history of mankind. Not even one. The span, an ancient Russian measure of length, is approximately 17.8 cm. This is the distance between the extended index and thumb of the right hand. The British, by the way, also had a similar measure, span, only the distance was measured by stretching the thumb and little finger.

"Versta Kolomenskaya"

The name of this measure of length comes from the words “turn”, “turn of the plow”, i.e. the length of the furrow that an ox can plow without getting tired. Usually a mile is 500 fathoms, i.e. 1066 m. But Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, on trips from the Kremlin to his dacha, in the village of Kolomenskoye, decided that his personal miles would be 1000 fathoms.

And he ordered the road to be marked with four-foot milestones, which were also called “versts.” The proverb means an excessively long, very tall person.

“Two inches from the pot”

Gerasim from the story “Mumu” by Ivan Turgenev: “A man twelve inches tall, built like a hero.” The tip is 4.5 cm from the top of the index finger.

“Oblique fathoms in the shoulders”

At that time there were even more fathoms than arshins. There were a dozen or two distinguished. The city one was considered the longest - almost 285 cm. The mach fathom is still used today, but only by fishermen, showing what kind of prey they got off the hook - this is the distance between the outstretched fingers of outstretched arms, approximately 178 cm.

The oblique was located in the middle and was measured from the fingers of the raised right hand to the toes of the left foot, that is, obliquely. This is 248 cm. Only the Terminator could have that much in the shoulders.

"Eat a pound of salt"

That is, get to know your friend. In principle, one person now eats about 5 kg of salt per year. A pound is equal to approximately 16 kg, so two people can easily weigh it down in 2 years.

The name comes from the Latin “poundus”, that is, “weight”. It was for poods that the ancient Slavs traded bread with the ancient world.

A hundred years ago, Russia had its own standards, different from both European and American ones. They are still in use today. Only we do not use them for their intended purpose - ancient Russian measures are fixed at the level of proverbs and sayings.

“You can’t understand Russia with your mind, you can’t measure it with a common yardstick...”
In the time of Tyutchev, the author of these lines, there were several arshins. The standard was just “general”, the length of which was strictly monitored in shops selling fabrics, so that merchants did not measure and shortchange customers.

The meaning of the verse is that it is useless to adjust the broad Russian soul to some standards. The word itself comes from the Latin “arcus” - “bow”. It was 71 cm of bowstring tension that was then considered the standard.

"Small spool but precious"
Initially, this was the name of the gold coin from the time of Vladimir the Red Sun.

It weighed 4.26 g. For calculations, silver hryvnias were increasingly used, each of which weighed 204.75 g.

By weight, exactly 48 spools would fit there. You could buy a war horse with both a hryvnia and a spool. Or 10 live dairy cows. Or 30 slaughtered, in carcasses.

"Seven spans in the forehead"
Literally, a “highly intelligent” person. However, everyone can be convinced that those same “seven spans” are not to be found even in Socrates or Lenin, owners of the highest foreheads in the history of mankind. Not even one. The span, an ancient Russian measure of length, is approximately 17.8 cm. This is the distance between the extended index and thumb of the right hand. The British, by the way, also had a similar measure, span, only the distance was measured by stretching the thumb and little finger.

"Versta Kolomenskaya"
The name of this measure of length comes from the words “turn”, “turn of the plow”, i.e. the length of the furrow that an ox can plow without getting tired. Usually a mile is 500 fathoms, i.e. 1066 m. But Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, on trips from the Kremlin to his dacha, in the village of Kolomenskoye, decided that his personal miles would be 1000 fathoms.

And he ordered the road to be marked with four-foot milestones, which were also called “versts.” The proverb means an excessively long, very tall person

“Two inches from the pot”
Gerasim from the story “Mumu” by Ivan Turgenev: “A man twelve inches tall, built like a hero.” The tip is 4.5 cm from the top of the index finger.

It turns out that the hero was half a meter tall? The fact is that in former times the “zero point” of calculating growth was two arshins. That is, 142 cm, to which more inches were added. So Gerasim is a giant - as much as 196 cm. The saying was understood as an insult, as if someone was called an imbecile

“Oblique fathoms in the shoulders”
At that time there were even more fathoms than arshins. There were a dozen or two distinguished. The city one was considered the longest - almost 285 cm. The fly fathom is still used today, but only by fishermen, showing what kind of prey they got off the hook - this is the distance between the outstretched fingers of outstretched arms, approximately 178 cm.