Presentation "Modern art" presentation for a lesson in fine arts (fine art) on the topic. Main directions of contemporary art Find a presentation about modern movements of Western art

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literature

Literature: Nekipelov, A.D.: New Russian Encyclopedia. Volume I. Russia. Publishing house "Emcyclopedia", Moscow 2004. Treasures of Russia. Introduction to Russian art. Publishing house "Art", Moscow 1995. Fozikoš, A., Reiterová, T.: Reálie rusky mluvících zemí. Nakladatelství Fraus, Plzeň, 1998. Lepilová, K.: Essay on Russian culture. OU, Ostrava, 1996. Manková, N.: Čítanka z dějin ruské kultury. Zapadočeská univerzita, Pedagogická Fakulta, Plzeň1998. Library of Fine Arts: http://www.artlib.ru/ Painting: http://jivopis.ru/gallery/ Golden Archive of Icons of Ancient Rus' 11th - 16th centuries: http://staratel.com/pictures/icona/main. htm Russian painting: http://staratel.com/pictures/ruspaint/main.htm

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Modern Art

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Contemporary art is a set of artistic practices that developed in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Contemporary art is understood as art that goes back to modernism or is in conflict with this phenomenon.

Floral murals: floral wall paintings by Paul Morrison

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History of modern art

Contemporary art was formed at the turn of the 1960s and 70s. The artistic quest of that time can be characterized as a search for alternatives to modernism. This was expressed in the search for new images, new means and materials of expression, up to the dematerialization of the object (performances and happenings). Many artists followed the French philosophers who proposed the term "postmodernism". We can say that there has been a shift from object to process.

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Performance is a form of contemporary art in which the work is composed of the actions of an artist or group in a specific place and time.

Nude performance for the opening of the Munich Opera Festival

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Performance can include any situation that includes four basic elements: time, place, the artist’s body and the relationship between the artist and the viewer. This is the difference between performance and such forms of fine art as painting or sculpture, where the work is constituted by the exhibited object.

Performance by Joseph Beuys, 1978

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Installation (English installation - installation, placement, assembly) is a form of modern art, which is a spatial composition created from various elements and representing an artistic whole.

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Types of installations

An installation can be characterized as a valuable symbolic decoration in itself, created at a certain time under a certain name. It is important that the viewer does not contemplate the installation from the outside, like a painting, but finds himself inside it. Some installations are close to sculpture, but differ from the latter in that they are not sculpted, but assembled from dissimilar materials, often of industrial origin.

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Grotte Stellaire star installation on the ceiling and walls. Art project by Julien Salaud

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The founders of the installation were Marcel Duchamp and the surrealists.

Masters of installation Joseph Beuys Robert Rauschenberg Joseph Kosuth Edward Kienholz Ilya Kabakov

Hyperrealistic surrealism by Nancy Fouts

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Forest of multi-colored lace. Installation of Pop-Up Paradises

Kilograms and kilometers of multi-colored lace hanging from the ceiling of the Faena Arts Center gallery in Buenos Aires is an original art project by Argentine designer Manuel Ameztoy, who thus depicted the natural landscapes and plant motifs that actually exist in the province of Entre Rios, where he was born and spent his childhood. The textile installation is called Pop-Up Paradises, and this name clearly demonstrates how attached the author is to his homeland and appreciates the beauty of the Argentinean nature.

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Watershed Wall - an installation in Toronto dedicated to the power of water

Many large cities are established near a large and stable source of water. Some, next to several at once. So Toronto is not experiencing any shortage of liquid in its taps and pipes. However, many of the water sources that this city uses have long been no longer visible - they are hidden. The Watershed Wall installation is dedicated to the real water map of Toronto.

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Installation Camera Flowers. Flowerbeds where cameras bloom

The dream of an amateur photographer is to come to a forest, a garden or a city park, a vegetable garden or a field, and collect there a rich harvest of lenses, cameras and flashes for every taste, color and size. In some ways, this idea was brought to life by the Brazilian artist Andre Feliciano in his colorful installation Camera Flowers, presented in the greenhouse of the New York photo village Photoville.

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House-library from Miler Lagos - installation.

Of course, in the original, the igloo is built from snow or ice brick blocks, but that’s what they’re rich in, as they say. The book igloo, neatly stacked with bricks in the shape of novels, fairy tales, reference books, encyclopedias, textbooks and plays, is part of an exhibition at the MagnanMetz Gallery called Home.

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Plastic fish – environmental installation at the G20 summit

After all, it’s no secret that the amount of garbage in the oceans of our planet is growing at such a pace that this growth is already the largest environmental problem on Earth. And artists from all over the world are trying to draw attention to this disgrace. For example, Angela Pozzi, who organized an entire exhibition of her own sculptures made from plastic she found on the ocean shore near her home.

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Illusory installations in city parks from Cornelia Konrads

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Art that borders on magic, a reality that can easily be mistaken for a mirage, an illusion, an optical illusion - this is the effect that the masterpieces of artist Cornelia Konrads have on the unprepared and inexperienced viewer. Her installations decorate city parks and squares in Germany and every time surprise passers-by, not only visitors, but also locals.

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3D sculpture installations made from hanging stones

Jaehyo Lee's work captures the beauty of original elements in a new, stylized form. He makes ordinary stones, picked up on the pavement, float in the air, turning into airy, almost weightless stone sculptures. The Korean author probably possesses some kind of special magic, capable of controlling nature and forcing organic materials to play completely different roles, without, however, losing his face. So, in his works, stone always remains stone, wood - wood, sand - sand...

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Bak Song Chi's installations "floating" in the air

Figures and images suspended in the air are a special type of modern sculpture, which art critics from time to time call an installation, since they cannot decide what is correct.

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Bak Song Chi, the famous installation of pieces of coal

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Creative dinner among trees and birds Art installation - happening.

At a dinner party for VIPs, held as part of the art fair in Art Brussels, Belgian designer Charles Kaisin presented a three-meter oak table “Fantasies of Charles”, in the surface of which trees “sprouted”.

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A happening is a theatrical performance with elements of improvisation, designed to involve the public in the performance itself and pursuing commercial goals.

The main task of such a happening is to add variety to ordinary public relations procedures. A presentation or press conference takes on elements of a happening. Moreover, they can be completely transformed into a happening, or the happening can become part of them. The application of a happening as a method can be extremely broad, but the goal will always be the same - to stand out so that the target audience remembers the event.

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Collage is a technical technique in the fine arts that consists in creating works of art by gluing onto any base materials that differ from the base in color and texture.

Collage was introduced into art as a formal experiment by the Cubists, Futurists and Dadaists. At that stage, scraps of newspapers, photographs, and wallpaper were used for visual purposes. Pieces of fabric, wood chips, etc. were glued onto the canvas.

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Dogs made from paper waste. Original collages by Peter Clark

Doesn't bark, doesn't bite, he's called a dog. No, this is not the same symbol that is present in every e-mail address. These are amazing, original paper collages created by the talented author Peter Clark from a variety of waste paper found literally underfoot.

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Currency collages by Rodrigo Torres

Different artists “mock” banknotes in different ways. For example, Hans-Peter Feldmann makes wallpaper from them, Scott Campbell cuts them, and Craig Sonnenfeld folds origami figures from banknotes. But Rodrigo Torres turns currencies from around the world into collages.

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Awakening. Coffee painting by Arkady Kim, presented in Gorky Park

Since many people already firmly associate coffee with the morning and the need to wake up, this is exactly what Moscow artist Arkady Kim called his huge painting made of coffee beans - Awakening - a monumental work with an area of ​​30 sq.m. was presented to the public in Moscow.

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Body art (eng. body art - “body art”) is one of the forms of avant-garde art, where the main object of creativity is the human body

Body art compositions are performed directly in front of the viewer or recorded for subsequent display in exhibition halls. The movement arose at the early stage of the avant-garde, but became particularly widespread during the period of postmodernism, which resorted to it as an element of installations and performance.

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Expressionism (from Latin expressio, “expression”) is a movement in European art that developed in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, characterized by a tendency to express the emotional characteristics of an image(s) (usually a person or group of people) or the emotional state of the artist himself . Edvard Munch. Scream

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Primitive zm is a style of painting that included a deliberate simplification of the picture, making its forms primitive, like the creativity of a child or the drawings of primitive times. Niko Pirosmani. Margarita

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Fauvism (from the French fauve - wild) is a direction in French painting. The artistic style of the Fauves was characterized by the spontaneous dynamism of the brushstroke, the desire for the emotional power of artistic expression, bright color, piercing purity and sharp contrasts of color, the intensity of open local color, and the sharpness of rhythm. Henri Matisse. Still life

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Cubi zm (fr. Cubisme) is a movement in the visual arts characterized by the use of emphatically geometrized conventional forms, the desire to “split” real objects into stereometric primitives. L. Popova. Portrait of a Philosopher

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Supremati zm (from Latin supremus - highest) is a direction in art, expressed in combinations of multi-colored planes of the simplest geometric shapes devoid of pictorial meaning (in the geometric forms of a straight line, square, circle and rectangle). Kazimir Malevich. Composition

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Abstractionism (lat. abstractio - removal, distraction) is a direction of art that abandoned the depiction of forms close to reality in painting and sculpture. One of the goals of abstract art is to achieve “harmonization,” the creation of certain color combinations and geometric shapes in order to evoke various associations in the beholder. Wassily Kandinsky. Vague

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Surrealism (French surréalisme - super-realism) is a direction in art, the distinctive feature of which is the depiction of the irrational world; recognizable objects are present in the paintings, but they look strange or in an unusual composition. Salvador Dali. Temptation of Saint Anthony

1.Modernism ( French modernisme, from moderne - the latest, modern) - the main direction of Western art of the 19th-20th centuries. In the theory of modernism reflection of reality is considered an outdated principle , giving way to its denial. In practice this is expressed in disappearance of fine art , replaceable system of signs , as free as possible from visual associations and determined by the artist himself. In poetry the word loses its meaning , acquiring new value as a factor of physical - acoustic - influence, in music the specificity of sound is destroyed, and atonal harmonies and various household noises , such basic concepts of musical aesthetics as melody, harmony, timbre, rhythm, etc. are transformed.

2. Abstract art- direction in the art of the 20th century, refusing to depict real objects and phenomena, manifested itself in painting, sculpture and graphics. The very term “abstractionism” indicates the alienation of this art from reality. Abstractionism formulated its positions in the 1910s as an anarchic challenge to public tastes; in the late 40s - early 60s, this direction belonged to the most widespread phenomena of Western culture.

In abstract art there are two main directions: psychological (e is considered the founder V. Kandinsky , who in his works managed to convey the lyricism and musicality of his intuitive insights. Here the main means of expressiveness are not the shape of the object and the features of space, but coloristic features of the latter) and geometric (or intellectual, logical). Its founder is the Dutch artist P. Mondrian, representing in their painting the relationships of planes painted in different ways.

Some movements of abstract art, following the line of development of this direction ( suprematism, neoplasticism), echoing the searches in architecture and the art industry, they created ordered structures from lines, geometric shapes and volumes, others (tachisme) - in line with the psychological trend - they sought to express the spontaneity, unconsciousness of creativity in the dynamics of spots or volumes. Talented representatives of abstract art (W. Kandinsky, K. Malevich, P. Mondrian, V. Tatlin) enriched the rhythmic dynamics of painting and enriched its palette, but solving global issues and existential problems that always face a person within the framework of abstractionism turned out to be impossible.

3. Surrealism. By the early 1920s, pre-war modernism had exhausted itself as a creative activity. In contrast to the modernism of the pre-war years, which suffered from its internal pain, new irrational movements - surrealism, Dadaism, expressionism - themselves strive to cause pain to people, instilling in them the idea that the whole world is fatally unhappy, incoherent and meaningless. Irrational tendencies arts were concentrated in surrealism, which arose as an artistic movement in European painting in 1925-26.

The most typical surrealist paintings were created by the Belgian R. Magritte and Catalan S. Dali. These paintings represent irrational combinations of purely objective fragments of reality, perceived in their natural form or paradoxically deformed. The feeling of whimsicality and surprise of the phenomena of this world gives rise in such art to the idea of ​​its unknowability, about the absurdity of existence , which appears to the artist in frighteningly nightmare or amusingly phantasmagoric guises. The theoretical basis for the new movement in artistic culture belongs to the French poet and psychiatrist André Breton . Creativity had a huge influence on the development of surrealism Z. Freud and him psychoanalysis concept , where the psyche is interpreted as subordinate to unknowable, irrational, eternal forces located outside of consciousness. The deep foundation of the psyche, influencing the real, conscious life of a person, according to S. Freud, becomes unconscious . And, in his opinion, the unconscious appears most directly in dreams and art, and it is in them that the true path to understanding the “natural essence” of man is revealed.

By the turn of the 20-30s. surrealism penetrated into the painting of other European countries - England, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, in the 30s. reached Latin America, Australia, Japan, showing himself not only in painting, but also in sculpture.

4. Pop art. The name pop art (from the English popular art - public art) was introduced L. Eloway in 1965. The movement itself arose in the 50s of the 20th century. in the USA and England. Initially, the role of pop art was limited to the task replacement of abstract art , never accepted by the broad masses of the population, into art understandable to the broad masses. Pop art declared itself new realism , since it was widely used real household items and their copies, photographs, dummies . Pop art idealized the world of material things, which, through the organization of a certain context of their perception, was endowed with artistic and aesthetic status. In pop art, a thing is aestheticized as consumer item , and the product becomes materialized dream of the consumer .

Among the varieties of pop art there are op art , characterized by the widespread use of optical effects, color spots, e-art with moving structures and environmental art with objects surrounding the viewer. However, the varieties of pop art do not differ from each other in meaning. This style is similar to the style display of goods on display or advertising. Pop art is ideal for the “man of the crowd,” consumer-oriented, brought up on advertising and mass communication.

Topic XI. Culture in the era of globalization

Stages of globalization.

First of all, it should be noted that globalization is a process that did not begin in recent decades, but has been unfolding for at least the last century.

· The first stage of globalization was the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. This was a phase of active expansion of trade and investment on a global scale. The theorists of the first wave of globalization were R. Cobden, J. Bright, N. Angel, who substantiated the idea that the main foreign policy antagonists England and Germany, who were also the main economic partners, would not participate in military conflicts with each other. However, the First World War the war refuted these predictions, and globalization as a process was interrupted.

· Second wave of globalization unfolded in the 70s, after two world wars and the Great Depression. Its main prerequisites were the revolution in computer science and telecommunications.

· The current stage of globalization. The conditions for its deployment were:

1. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the system of countries of the socialist camp, which led to a violation of the global parity of power.

2. Unfolding the information revolution and, which led to the formation of electronic economies, electronic financial structures, electronic money, electronic governments.

3. Strengthening the role of TNCs in the world economy by the end of the 20th century. The most powerful of which today control more than 90% of direct foreign investment in Western countries and almost 100% of investment in the economies of Third World countries.

4. Contributes to globalization processes activities of a number of international organizations and institutions(among them - the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO), which must support the new economic order that emerged in the post-war period and prevent the redistribution of resources and markets between those who are part of the group of leading countries and those who seek to free themselves from economic and political dependencies, using mechanisms of accelerated modernization.

5. And finally, this became obvious by the 90s the collapse of the project of modernity and the ideology of the Enlightenment and its degeneration the basic principle of rationalism into progressivism and technology. This leads today to environmental disasters, the destruction of both the natural space and the cultural space.

“Art” is artistic creativity in general: literature, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, decorative and applied arts, music, dance, theater, cinema and other types of human activity, combined as artistic and figurative forms of reflection of reality.

Abstraction is one of the main ways of our thinking. Its result is the formation of the most general concepts and judgments (abstractions). In decorative art, abstraction is the process of stylizing natural forms. In artistic activity, abstraction is constantly present; in its extreme expression in fine art, it leads to abstractionism, a special direction in the fine arts of the 20th century, which is characterized by a refusal to depict real objects, extreme generalization or complete rejection of form, non-objective compositions (from lines, dots, spots, planes and etc.), experiments with color, spontaneous expression of the artist’s inner world, his subconscious in chaotic, unorganized abstract forms (abstract expressionism). Abstractionism was less expressed in sculpture than in painting. Abstractionism was a response to the general disharmony of the modern world and was successful because it proclaimed the rejection of consciousness in art and called for “giving in to the initiative to forms, colors, colors.” What is abstraction?

What is realism? Realism (from the French realisme, from the Latin realis - material) - in art in a broad sense, a truthful, objective, comprehensive reflection of reality using specific means inherent in the types of artistic creativity. The general features of the realism method are reliability in the reproduction of reality. At the same time, realistic art has a huge variety of ways of cognition, generalization, and artistic reflection of reality. Realistic art of the 20th century. acquires bright national features and a variety of forms. Realism is the opposite phenomenon to modernism.

What is avant-garde? Avant-garde - (from the French avant - advanced, garde - detachment) is a concept that defines experimental, modernist endeavors in art. In every era, innovative phenomena arose in the fine arts, but the term “avant-garde” was established only at the beginning of the 20th century. At this time, such trends as Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Expressionism, and Abstractionism appeared. Then, in the 20s and 30s, surrealism occupied avant-garde positions. During the 1920s, new varieties of abstractionism were added - various forms of actionism, working with objects (pop art), conceptual art, photorealism, kineticism, etc. In all avant-garde movements, despite their great diversity, common features can be identified: rejection of norms classical images, formal novelty, deformation of forms, expression and various playful transformations. All this leads to a blurring of the boundaries between art and reality (ready-made, installation, environment), creating the ideal of an open work of art that directly invades the environment. Avant-garde art is designed for dialogue between artist and viewer, active human interaction with a work of art, participation in creativity (for example, kinetic art, happenings, etc.).

What is underground? Underground (English underground - underground, dungeon) is a concept meaning "underground" culture, opposing itself to the conventions and restrictions of traditional culture. Exhibitions of artists of the movement in question were often held not in salons and galleries, but directly on the ground, as well as in underground passages or the metro, which in a number of countries is called the underground (subway). Probably, this circumstance also influenced the fact that this direction in the art of the 20th century. this name was established. In Russia, the concept of underground has become a designation for a community of artists representing unofficial art.

What is surrealism? Surrealism (French surrealisme - super-realism) is a movement in literature and art of the 20th century. developed in the 1920s. Having emerged in France on the initiative of the writer A. Breton, surrealism soon became an international trend. Surrealists believed that creative energy comes from the sphere of the subconscious, which manifests itself during sleep, hypnosis, painful delirium, sudden insights, automatic actions (random wandering of a pencil on paper, etc.). Surrealist artists, unlike abstractionists, do not refuse to depict real-life objects, but present them in chaos, deliberately devoid of logical relationships. Lack of meaning, rejection of a reasonable reflection of reality is the basic principle of the art of surrealism. The very name of the direction speaks of its isolation from real life: “sur” in French “above”; artists did not pretend to reflect reality, but mentally placed their creations “above” realism, passing off delusional fantasies as works of art. Thus, the number of surrealist paintings included similar, inexplicable works by M. Ernst, J. Miró, I. Tanguy, as well as objects processed by the surrealists beyond recognition (M. Oppenheim).

What is modernism? Modernism (French modernisme, from Latin modernus - new, modern) is a collective designation for all the latest trends, directions, schools and activities of individual masters of art of the 20th century, breaking with tradition, realism and considering experiment the basis of the creative method (Fauvism, expressionism, cubism, futurism, abstract art, dadaism, surrealism, pop art, op art, kinetic art, hyperrealism, etc.). Modernism is close in meaning to avant-garde and opposite to academicism. Modernism was negatively assessed by Soviet art critics as a crisis phenomenon in bourgeois culture. Art has the freedom to choose its historical paths. The contradictions of modernism, as such, must be considered not statically, but in historical dynamics.

What is pop art? Pop art (English: pop art, from popular art - popular art) is a movement in the art of Western Europe and the USA since the late 1950s. The heyday of pop art came in the turbulent 60s, when youth riots broke out in many countries of Europe and America. The youth movement did not have a single goal - it was united by the pathos of denial. Young people were ready to throw overboard the entire past culture. All this is reflected in art. A distinctive feature of pop art is a combination of challenge and indifference. Everything is equally valuable or equally priceless, equally beautiful or equally ugly, equally worthy or unworthy. Perhaps only the advertising business is based on the same dispassionate and businesslike attitude towards everything in the world. It is no coincidence that advertising had a huge influence on pop art, and many of its representatives worked and are working in advertising centers. The creators of advertising programs and shows are able to cut into pieces and combine in the combination they need, washing powder and a famous masterpiece of art, toothpaste and Bach's fugue. Pop art does the same.

What is op art? Op art (English op art, short for optical art - optical art) is a movement in the art of the 20th century, which became widespread in the 1960s. Op art artists used various visual illusions, relying on the peculiarities of perception of flat and spatial figures. The effects of spatial movement, merging, and floating of forms were achieved by introducing rhythmic repetitions, sharp color and tonal contrasts, the intersection of spiral and lattice configurations, and twisting lines. In op art, installations of changing light and dynamic structures were often used (discussed further in the section kinetic art). Illusions of flowing movement, sequential changes of images, unstable, continuously rearranging forms appear in op art only in the viewer’s perception. The direction continues the technical line of modernism.

What is kinetic art? Kinetic art (from the gr. kinetikos - setting in motion) is a direction in modern art associated with the widespread use of moving structures and other dynamic elements. Kineticism as an independent movement took shape in the second half of the 1950s, but it was preceded by experiments in creating dynamic plastic art in Russian constructivism (V. Tatlin, K. Melnikov, A. Rodchenko) and Dadaism. Previously, folk art also showed us examples of moving objects and toys, for example, wooden birds of happiness from the Arkhangelsk region, mechanical toys imitating labor processes from the village of Bogorodskoye, etc. In kinetic art, movement is introduced in different ways; some works are dynamically transformed by the viewer himself, others - vibrations of the air environment, and others are driven by a motor or electromagnetic forces. The variety of materials used is endless - from traditional to ultra-modern technical means, right up to computers and lasers. Mirrors are often used in kinetic compositions.

What is hyperrealism? Hyperrealism (eng. hyperrealism) is a movement in painting and sculpture that arose in the USA and became an event in world fine art in the 70s of the 20th century. Another name for hyperrealism is photorealism. Artists of this movement imitated photos using painterly means on canvas. They depicted the world of a modern city: shop windows and restaurants, metro stations and traffic lights, residential buildings and passers-by on the streets. At the same time, special attention was paid to shiny surfaces that reflect light: glass, plastic, car polish, etc. The play of reflections on such surfaces creates the impression of interpenetration of spaces.

What is a readymade? Readymade (English: ready made) is one of the common techniques of modern (avant-garde) art, which consists in the fact that an industrially produced object is taken out of its usual everyday environment and exhibited in an exhibition hall. The meaning of the readymade is this: when the environment changes, the perception of the object also changes. The viewer sees in the object displayed on the podium not a utilitarian thing, but an artistic object, expressiveness of form and color. The name readymade was first used by M. Duchamp over the years in relation to his “ready-made objects” (comb, bicycle wheel, bottle dryer). In the 60s, the readymade became widespread in various areas of avant-garde art, especially in Dadaism.

What is installation? Installation (from the English installation - installation) is a spatial composition created by the artist from various elements - household objects, industrial products and materials, natural objects, text or visual information. The founders of the installation were the Dadaist M. Duchamp and the surrealists. By creating unusual combinations of ordinary things, the artist gives them a new symbolic meaning. The aesthetic content of the installation is a play of semantic meanings that change depending on where the object is located - in a familiar everyday environment or in an exhibition hall. The installation was created by many avant-garde artists R. Rauschenberg, D. Dine, G. Uecker, I. Kabakov. Installation is an art form widespread in the 20th century.

What is environment? Environment (English environment - surroundings, environment) is an extensive spatial composition that embraces the viewer like a real environment, one of the forms characteristic of avant-garde art of the 1990s. Sculptures by D. Segal, E. Kienholz, K. Oldenburg, and D. Hanson created naturalistic environments that imitate an interior with human figures. Such repetitions of reality could include elements of delusional fiction. Another type of environment is a play space that involves certain actions by spectators.

Conclusion Art is always in tune with its time, it is modern and reflects the worldview of society as a whole. In turn, art has a strong influence on the masses, which is why the attitude of the artist himself to life is so important. The development of various distorted trends in art, the so-called pseudo-art, is in tune with its era. The entire history of art and architecture is a living tissue, constantly developing and changing. In any era, be it the classical art of Greece, the Italian Renaissance or ancient Russian art, there was a struggle of trends, influences, a struggle of old ideas with emerging qualitatively new manifestations. However, with all the variability of art forms within a given period, there were always relatively stable artistic features - compositional, plastic, coloristic, rhythmic and others that determined the style of a particular time. The best representatives of culture: artists, graphic artists, sculptors, architects, filmmakers, actors, writers of yesterday and today strive in their creativity to reflect the best thoughts and feelings of humanity, to treat with care the masterpieces of world culture.