Conclusion on the topic cannot be lived by reason alone. "new literature"

Essay in the direction: Reason and feeling. Graduation essay 2016-2017

Reason and feeling: can they possess a person at the same time or are they concepts that are mutually exclusive? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both base acts and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What can a dispassionate mind, a cold calculation, do? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of humanity since life appeared. And this debate, which is more important - reason or feeling, has been going on since ancient times, and everyone has their own answer. “People live by feelings,” says Erich Maria Remarque, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed.

On the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of human feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace” two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, the impetuous Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other, the arrogant and calculating Helen Kuragina and her brother, callous Anatole. Many conflicts in the novel arise precisely from the excess of feelings of the characters, the ups and downs of which are very interesting to watch. A striking example of how a rush of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, and impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha’s betrayal, because for her, funny and young, it was an incredibly long time to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flared up feelings? feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here a real drama of the mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine unfolds before us; she faces a difficult choice: leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole or not give in to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made; only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot blame the girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. It was Natasha’s impulse that was dictated by her feelings, after which she regretted her action when she analyzed it.

It was the feeling of boundless, all-consuming love that helped Margarita reunite with her lover in Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita.” The heroine, without hesitation for a second, gives her soul to the devil and goes with him to the ball, where murderers and hanged men kiss her knee. Having abandoned a wealthy, measured life in a luxurious mansion with a loving husband, she rushes into an adventurous adventure with evil spirits. Here is a vivid example of how a person, by choosing a feeling, created his own happiness.
Thus, the statement of Erich Maria Remarque is absolutely correct: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life, only feelings give life indescribable bright colors, leaving emotionally filled memories. As the great classic Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote: “If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.”

I want to live so that I can think and suffer (A.S. Pushkin) Reason and feeling: can they possess a person at the same time or are they concepts that mutually exclude one another? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both base acts and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What can a dispassionate mind, a cold calculation, do? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of humanity since life appeared. And this debate, which is more important - reason or feeling, has been going on since ancient times, and everyone has their own answer. “People live by feelings,” says Erich Maria Remarque, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed.

Thus, the statement of Erich Maria Remarque is absolutely correct: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life, only feelings give life indescribable bright colors, leaving emotionally filled memories. As the great classic Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote: “If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.”

Honor and dishonor."

The direction is based on polar concepts associated with a person’s choice: to be faithful to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused their attention on depicting various manifestations of man: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, right up to the deep moral decline of the individual.

1. What is the difference between honor and honesty?
2. How do you understand the words honor and dishonor?
3. Honor and honesty give birth to the mind, but dishonesty takes it away.
4. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
5. Take care of your dress again, and your honor from a young age.
6. D. Fonvizin “Undergrown” - Pravdin, Starodum, Sofia - Prostakovs.
7. A. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” – Chatsky – Molchalin, Famus Society.
8. A. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter” – Grinev – Shvabrin.
9. M. Lermonotov “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...” - merchant Kalashnikov - Kiribeevich.
10. N. Gogol “Taras Bulba”.
11. A.K. Tolstoy “Prince Silver”.
12. L. Tolstoy “War and Peace” - Andrei Bolkonsky - Dolokhov; old Prince Bolkonsky - Vasily Kuragin...
13. F. Dostoevsky “The Idiot” – Prince Myshkin – Gavrila Ivolgin; "Crime and Punishment". A. Kuprin “Duel”.
14. M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”; "Master and Margarita".
15. V. Kaverin “Two Captains” - Sanya Grigoriev - Romashin, Nikolai Antonovich.
16. N. Dumbadze “I see the sun.”
17. N. Leskov “Man on the Clock.”
18. A..Kuprin “Wonderful Doctor.”
19. A. Green “Green Lamp”.
20. M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, “Quiet Don”.
21. V. Bykov “Obelisk”; "Sotnikov."
22. D. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful.”
23. V. Kaverin “Painting”.
24. V. Dudintsev “White clothes”.
25. V. Rasputin “Live and Remember”; "Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother."

Thematic direction 2 “Honor and dishonor”.

Selection of literary material. Preparing for a home essay on the topic “Trading honor, you can’t get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Write down the first signs that come to mind of the proposed direction of the final essay, without dwelling on them in detail.

unblemished reputation honest name dignity justice HONOR fidelity decency nobility of soul Clear conscience 1) Answer the question: How do you understand the expression “man of honor”? What kind of person can be called that? 2) Write down next to the names of literary heroes about whom you can say “man of honor” (indicate the work). Masha Mironova A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter” Matryona A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor” Andrei Sokolov M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” unblemished reputation honest name dignity justice merchant Kalashnikov M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov ..." HONOR loyalty Tatyana A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" decency nobility of soul clear conscience Pyotr Grinev A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pierre Bezukhov L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Sonechka Marmeladova F.M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"

Remember phraseological units and proverbs, in which the word "honor" is used

Proverbs:

· Money lost - little is lost, health is lost - much is lost, honor is lost - everything is lost.

· Honor honor and takes your word for it.

· Honor according to merit.

· Take care of honor in your youth, and health in old age.

· It is not the one who chases honor who is honest, but the one for whom honor itself runs. · Fire will not burn a clean person, and water will not wash away a dirty person.

· Honor is protected with the head.

· Honor goes along the road, and dishonor goes on the side.

· If we had money, we would find honor.

· Live by your wits, and grow your honor through hard work.

· Honor is firm, the word is steadfast.

· The honor is not on the caftan, but under the caftan.

· Such is the honor.

· Honest eyes do not look sideways.

Phraseologisms

To get out of a difficult situation with honor,

Complete the assigned task with honor

Honor and praise!

does honor (to whom, what), I have the honor<кланяться>.

Lives by honor, by conscience

Honor with honor, salute; matter of honor, duty of honor, honor of the uniform, man of honor, honor by honor

Explain how you understand the meaning of these phraseological units. Conclusion (write in notebook): Honor gives respect: the expression “man of honor” is one of the most significant compliments in Russia to a noble person. How do you understand the word “dishonor”? Choose synonyms for this word (disgrace, insult, shame). Remember the proverbs with the word “dishonor” (For dishonor (for honor) the head dies. Mutilation is not dishonor. For injury they pay dishonor. Death is better than dishonor). Remember literary heroes who commit dishonest acts (Paratov from A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “Dowry”, Arbenin from M.Yu. Lermontov’s drama “Masquerade”, Shvabrin from A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”, Kirila Troekurov from A. .S. Pushkin “Dubrovsky”, Grushnitsky from M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time”, Lazar Podkhalyuzin and Lipochka Bolshova from A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “Our People – We Will Be Numbered”, etc.) II. Work on the theme of the essay “Trading honor, you will not get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky) Formulate the main idea of the essay (We must live by honor, by conscience, not forgetting that, as A.P. Chekhov said, “honor cannot be taken away, it you can only lose")

Task: fill out the table Write an introduction Select a thesis and arguments for your introduction. Write a conclusion, linking it with the thesis and introduction.

Introduction options

1. We live in difficult times: sanctions, crisis, inflation... According to official figures in Russia, 84% of the population lives below the poverty line, 12% are middle class and 4% are elite, that is, those who have millions and billions. Are there many honest people among them? “Incorrect question,” you say. And I’ll ask another question: “How did they become millionaires and billionaires and do they think about what honor and dishonor are?” To answer this question, let's turn to Russian literature. (68 words)

Thesis 1

Wealth (great wealth!) cannot be acquired through honest work.

Argument 1: Sergei Sergeevich Paratov, the main character of A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “Dowry”

Thesis 2: In our time, fortunately, there are people who call on us, ordinary people, to live according to conscience, according to honor. Such people include Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev. \

Argument 2: Article by D.S. Likhachev “And the hour struck.

Conclusion option

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people who own enormous wealth (remember: 4% of very rich Russians?) will think about those who can barely make ends meet, who, the day before retirement, do not have enough money for a piece bread... They will think and engage in charity, like Savva Morozov, like Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector of works of Russian fine art, founder of the Tretyakov Gallery.. They will think and remember the word “honor”... (65 words)

Entry option

“You can’t get rich by trading honor,” said the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in the 19th century. And now it’s the 21st century, but the relevance of this statement is obvious: even in our century there are people for whom the word “honor” is an empty phrase. Fortunately, there are those who “preserve honor from a young age.” Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. (56 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: First, civil servants, vested with power like no other, must abide by a code of honor. Alas, sometimes this does not happen.

Argument 1: Mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, hero of N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”

Thesis 2: Secondly, those who sincerely love their Motherland and the nature around them, who are ready to give their lives for harmony to reign in the world, do not want to trade their honor.

Argument 2: Egor Polushkin from B. Vasiliev’s story “Don’t shoot white swans”.

Conclusion option

In conclusion, one cannot help but say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds modern, because modern society is filled with people who are dishonest, people who think about their own benefit and forget about the interests of others... I am convinced: you cannot trade in what constitutes a person’s honest name, his inner moral dignity and clear conscience... It’s impossible! Never! Under no circumstances! And everyone should understand this! (60 words)

Entry option

The path of honor and the path of dishonor... The path of honor is the path of truth, justice, dignity... The path of dishonor is the road to nowhere. People choose for themselves which path they want to take. Go to a hospital... Often you have to pay... for care and attention, for a highly qualified doctor... They sell what should be the norm... And the traffic cops?... And the police?... And the officials?. Do you think they who take bribes get rich? Outwardly, probably yes.. But the soul becomes poorer... “Dirty” money will never bring happiness and joy... The boomerang law will work: someone’s pain will return to the house of the bribe takers... Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view . (89 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: The fact that a person betrays himself, loses face,

becomes indifferent and dishonest, only he himself is to blame.

Argument 1: Dmitry Ionych Startsev from A.P. Chekhov’s story “Ionych” Thesis 2: Human society has always treated dishonest people with contempt and respect for decent people who cherish their “honor from a young age.”

Argument 2: Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin and Pyotr Andreevich from the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

Conclusion option

In conclusion, one cannot help but say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds topical, because in society there will always be people worthy of respect, with an untarnished reputation, and people who have no honor. We can only change the situation together: by expressing contempt for scoundrels, opportunists, and careerists, we will force them to think about their behavior and, perhaps, change for the better. I hope so... (59 words)

Entry option

In Russia, such great people as Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov have always been revered as the personification of honor and unblemished conscience. And they always despised thieves, bribe-takers, robbers, murderers - people without honor and conscience. They, trading on their good name, did not think about the fact that they would be cursed. I will give arguments to prove my point of view. (58 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: Firstly, a person, having once deceived, betrays himself: it is very difficult to regain the respect of yourself and other people, you need to prove that you have changed, become better, that you will no longer lie. Argument 1: Nina, the heroine of Tamara Kryukova from the story “Having lied once”

Thesis 2: In war, unlike peacetime, all feelings are heightened, including self-esteem, a sense of patriotism, and a sense of camaraderie. If someone became a traitor, then there was no forgiveness for such a person

Argument 2: Fisherman from V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” (you can

contrast him with Sotnikov)

Conclusion option

Concluding my essay, I want to encourage all people to think about the words of Vadim Panov, a Russian science fiction writer: “If you have nothing, then you have your honor, but if you don’t have your honor, you have nothing.” We must remember this, because without honor we lose ourselves, we lose the respect of others, we lose respect for ourselves... (56 words)

Death is better than dishonor (last)

Recently, we have often heard arguments that the concepts of “principles,” “morality,” and “dignity” have lost their relevance. By typing the words “honor” and “dishonor” into a search engine, today you will get about 146 million results (!) and find yourself in the center of opposing opinions. Yes, for some, as in the times of A. Radishchev, and later A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, the value is an untarnished reputation, the nobility of a person’s soul. There are those who flaunt their rejection of eternal moral standards and assure themselves, first of all, that one can live without respectable beliefs, qualities, and actions. “Death is better than dishonor”? Is it possible to overcome, to experience shame, disgrace, desecration of honor, or, as the poet wrote, “...and you will not wash away with all your black blood...”?

Turning over the pages of your favorite works in your memory, you understand how much it meant to the heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, M.A. Bulgakov's ability to live by the law of honor. It seemed to me interesting to trace the lives of our contemporaries after their “deal” with conscience - these are those heroes for whom shame and dishonor turned out to be so strong that the censure of others was no longer necessary. R. Bradbury, L. Ulitskaya, B. Verber, D. Keys, P. Sanaev, D. Picoult. The list of authors whose works convince us that even today dishonor is worse than death is far from complete. This is confirmed by Khaled Hosseini and his novel “The Kite Runner”.

In front of me is a book, after reading which it is impossible to continue living serenely, recklessly, without analyzing your actions, without thinking about the consequences of each step. The author introduces the reader to the Kabul boy Amir, the son of a local aristocrat, and we begin day after day, together with the hero, to learn about the world, its light and dark sides. We, like teenagers, have not yet been given the opportunity to realize that every moment can become a step towards honor, memory, gratitude, or can lead to the line of betrayal and shame. And the desire of a child who grew up without a mother to do everything to please his stern, taciturn father is quite understandable; Amir’s jealousy towards his servant, childhood friend Hasan, is also understandable: Baba is too warm towards the Hazara despised in society. But when H. Hosseini brings his main character to the line beyond which there is dishonor, a destroyed family, broken ties, broken destinies, crippled souls, you understand how difficult it is to remain human not in war, under the gun of the enemy, but in everyday life.

What did the kite festival mean to Amir? The competition could bring the teenager the long-awaited respect of his father, his love, interest in his son - this is exactly what the hero was counting on, hoping with the help of Hassan to keep the kite in the air the longest and find him the fastest. Life works differently.
The scene of the bullying of Hasan by Assef, the boys’ old enemy, is also impossible to read because we see it through the eyes of a man who violated the law of friendship, who did not interfere in the merciless reprisal of the weak and who understood his own meanness, betrayal, and baseness. The internal monologues of both the little cowardly Amir and the famous writer who becomes the hero make it possible to understand that the burden of shame and disgrace cannot be thrown off: secret dishonor, “which in silence gnaws at the soul of a person” (Thomas Mann) is worse than any sentence!
The false accusation of a Hazara of theft, Hassan’s forced flight from the house that has become his family, Amir’s wanderings around the world in an effort to forget the past, start living anew - the novel is full of events, but does not answer the question of how to get rid of memory, free oneself from court of conscience. The ring composition of the work, like a vicious circle, personifies the hopelessness of this struggle and states: dishonor is worse than death. And only in the finale of the novel by H. Hosseini, allowing the hero to again face a choice: to protect little Sohrab or to be saved, gives him a chance to save his soul.

It is interesting that the word “honor” is mentioned in the Bible more than a hundred times, and the protection of honor and dignity is given special attention in the basic law of our state. I don’t think that it is by chance that these so different books and documents are unanimous: one can live according to all canons only by listening to the voice of conscience, following moral laws, and lies, hypocrisy, betrayal are the “privileges” of a miserable existence that is worse than death.

"Reason and feelings are two forces that equally need each other"(V.G. Belinsky).

As I already mentioned in the review of the final essay (presentation) in the 2016-2017 academic year (), in order to better illuminate the topic of his direction "Reason and Sensibility" from Russian authors, I would advise taking "War and Peace" by L. Tolstoy, "Eugene Onegin" by A. Pushkin, "Poor Liza" by N. Karamzin.

But, before we begin to reveal the theme of feelings and reason in the main part of the essay, in the introductory part it should be given an idea of what what is feeling and what is reason.

As written in V. Dahl’s explanatory dictionaries “Feeling is the ability to consciously perceive the activities of the external world,” and D. Ushakova, “Feeling is the ability of a living being to perceive external impressions, to feel, to experience something.”

What does it say about the mind?

According to Dahl "Reason is a spiritual force that can remember (comprehend, cognize)", from Ushakov - “The highest level of human cognitive activity, the ability to think logically, comprehending the meaning and connection of phenomena, to understand the laws of development of the world, society and consciously find appropriate ways to transform them.”

There is often a conflict between reason and feeling. It is very difficult to subordinate feelings to reason, especially if they are ardent and sincere.

(Erich Maria Remarque).

In the main part of the essay, you should begin directly to analyze the relationships of the characters in the chosen work.

1. Let's take for example "Eugene Onegin". It will be much clearer to many future graduates.

What do we see?

And we see a young charmer, Tatyana Larina, in whose heart love flared up, which is probably the strongest and deepest feelings that one person can experience in relation to another. Love for the flighty, jaded Eugene Onegin.

"My whole life was a pledge
The faithful's meeting with you;
I know you were sent to me by God,
Until the grave you are my keeper..."

What about Onegin? He doesn't care about Tatyana's feelings.

"He no longer fell in love with beauties,
And somehow he was dragging his feet;
If they refused, I was instantly consoled;
They will change - I was glad to have a rest."

Time passed and a miracle happened - Onegin, after all, fell in love with Tatyana, but the trouble is, his beloved is no longer free, she got married.

"And happiness was so possible,
So close!..
But my destiny
It's already decided."

Having met her at the ball, Evgeny sees that Tatyana still continues to love him, but she, in response to his declaration of love, says:

"I love you (why lie?),
But I was given to another;
I will be faithful to him forever..."

In this work we see how the mind was able to curb and defeat the feelings of love in favor of another feeling - duty, honor, loyalty, respect for another person.

2. If we consider the confrontation between reason and feeling using the example of " War and Peace", then here, on the contrary, feelings prevailed over reason.

At the heart of the conflict between feelings and reason are relationships between Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova, his bride and Anatoly Kuragin.

Everything, of course, could have been different if the groom had not gone abroad, if the womanizer Kuragin had not turned up at the moment when the girl was sad, looking at Natasha with an “admiring, affectionate gaze”...

Well, she couldn't resist him. Youth, the thirst for love, reckless love, did their job. Natasha succumbed to the impulse of passion, although she later regretted it.

In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about what role the mind and feelings play in human life.

As an example, we can cite the statements of great representatives of humanity, for example:

“Reason is undoubtedly the highest ability, but it is acquired only by victory over the passions.”(N.V. Gogol)
"Love is a delightful deception to which a person agrees of his own free will"(A.S. Pushkin)
“Reason is given to man in order to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone, people live by feelings”(Erich Maria Remarque), etc.

Many people live clearly trying to adhere to the voice of reason and common sense. They try to avoid risky enterprises and restrain their manifestations of gambling. Their daily life is built on compliance with algorithms. Such as, for example, proper nutrition and adherence to a daily routine. Pedantry in everything leads to the fact that people who listen only to common sense and clearly calculate the expediency of their actions often disgust the absolute majority. They seem boring and uninteresting because you always know what to expect from them in the next minute. Exposure to emotions, the ability to experience unpredictable feelings, is what distinguishes human beings from mechanical machines. Of course, there are also shocking individuals who are guided in their behavior only by the voice of the heart. Often these are people of creative professions: musicians, writers, poets, actors, screenwriters. Their behavior can sometimes be not at all decent due to the emotional explosion that constantly affects the behavior of these natures.

Each person should restrain his feelings, but not completely hide them. By finding a healthy middle ground between restless behavior and an indifferent approach to any event, you can attract enough attention from others to your person, but at the same time not piss off your family and friends. Sometimes, in order to gain favor from a attractive object, you need to be the first to show your attitude towards this person. Sometimes this may not find a response, but you shouldn’t become closed and unsociable. On this vast planet there will be a person who will have a keen interest in this or that person. And it will be completely sincere. It is important to allow your soul to remain ready for contact: for friendship, or for love.

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Preparation for the final essay Direction “Reason and Feeling” Prepared by: Shevchuk A.P., teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU “Secondary School No. 1”, Bratsk

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Reason and feeling are two forces that equally need each other; they are dead and insignificant without the other. Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich

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Morality is the mind of the heart. Heine Heinrich Morality should act as beauty. Morality is the reason of the will. Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

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“If the feelings are not true, then our whole reason will turn out to be false.” Titus Lucretius Carus “To understand what is fair, to feel what is beautiful, to desire what is good - this is the chain of rational life.” August Platen “What are the distinctive signs of the truly human in a person? Reason, will and heart. A perfect person has the power of thinking, the power of will and the power of feeling. The power of thinking is the light of knowledge, the power of will is the energy of character, the power of feeling is love.” L. Feuerbach

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There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of the feelings. Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich Enlightened reason ennobles moral feelings; The head must educate the heart. Schiller Friedrich

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(Examples, thoughts, advice from peers) Essay on the topic: Reason and feeling Since ancient times, reason and feelings play completely different roles in a person. Although some go hand in hand, reason warns a person, unlike feelings. Feelings lead a person regardless no matter what, it doesn’t matter what’s behind that wall. And the mind weighs all the pros and cons. But this does not mean that our feelings always deceive us, far from it. Just as without reason and without feelings, a person would simply turn into an animal. And as we observe, animals also have feelings. The contradictions between reason and feeling have always been and will continue to be. Why? The explanation is very simple. A person, no matter how much he wants, will not be able to control his feelings if they are sincere. And the mind, as usual, if it is not overshadowed by feelings, will contradict the feelings.

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(Examples, thoughts, advice from peers) Essay on the topic: Feelings and emotions People often say: “I feel...”. For example, I feel love for my girlfriend, I feel angry at a boor, I feel sad when friends don’t call or write for a long time. This is true, for example - usually my friends always call me on time or I call them myself. There are just so many feelings, they are so diverse! What are feelings? A feeling, as I read in the dictionary, is an emotional process, a subjective attitude of a person towards another person, towards an object, towards an object. Feelings are not controlled by consciousness or reason. How often do we come across the fact that our mind tells us one thing, but our feelings tell us something completely different. For example, it is clear that this girl is a narcissistic liar who is only interested in going to restaurants and discos, but the guy still loves her. Often people are torn between logical arguments of reason and strong feelings. Until now, everyone chooses for themselves what to listen to - feelings or logic. And there is no universal recipe for what to do.

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Feelings can be strong and weak, positive, neutral and negative. Love and hate are the strongest feelings a person can have. A strong feeling that someone experiences even affects that person's body. Your eyes shine with love and joy, your posture straightens, your face glows. From anger and anger, facial features are distorted. Despondency lowers your shoulders. Anxiety gathers wrinkles on your forehead. Fear makes your hands tremble and your cheeks burn. In just a few days of joy and happiness, a person seems to be transformed. And if you look at a person who has experienced hatred, envy, jealousy for a long time - and what a terrible impression he will make. It was as if his soul was twisted. How to distinguish between feelings and emotions, because these two emotional processes are so closely related? Emotions, unlike feelings, have no object. For example, I am afraid of a dog - this is a feeling, but simply fear is an emotion. Probably, a person’s behavior depends more on his feelings than on his rational considerations. It’s not for nothing that we are so often advised not to give in to our feelings and emotions. We try to suppress them if they are negative, but they still come to light. Either they control us, then we control them, transforming anger into repentance, hatred into love, envy into admiration.

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The opposition Reason and Sensibility is one of them, and is very interesting for reasoning and conclusion. In my opinion, the most interesting would be to consider the mind and feelings using the example of one literary character, or somewhat more simply, using the example of two heroes of the same work. It is logical to start an essay of this type with a definition of the concepts of reason and feelings. Such a beginning will allow you not to deviate from the topic and find signs of reason and feelings in those heroes who will be chosen for argumentation. D.N.’s dictionary is good for definitions. Ushakova. "Reason is the ability to think logically, comprehending the meaning (meanings for oneself, someone or something) and the connection of phenomena, to understand the laws of development of the world, society and consciously find appropriate ways to transform them. || Consciousness of something, views, as a result of a certain worldview." (Examples, thoughts, advice from peers)

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"Feelings are the ability to perceive external impressions, to feel, to experience something (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste). || A state in which a person is able to be aware of his surroundings, controls his spiritual and mental abilities. || Internal, mental state of a person, that which is included in the content of his mental life" It can be simpler: "Feelings are a person’s relationship to the objects and phenomena of reality, experienced in various forms. Human life is unbearable (and boring, one might add, if the essay is written based on "Eugene Onegin ") without worries. For emotional saturation, you need not only positive feelings, but also feelings associated with suffering." Dictionary D.N. Ushakova (online) can be useful to the writer from the position that each definition is supported by a quote from a literary work. (Examples, thoughts, advice from peers)

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The essay can be decorated with a disclosure of the concept through a quote or a philosophical or religious teaching. For Reason and feelings, we can offer the following: “I wanted to understand,” God sighed, “whether reason itself cannot develop a conscience. I put only a spark of reason into you. But it did not develop a conscience. It turns out that the mind itself, not washed by conscience, becomes malignant. That's how you came into being. You're a failed human project." (Fazil Iskander “The Dream of God and the Devil”) “Reason is the ability to create principles.” (I. Kant). "The brain takes the reins because the soul has retired." (O. Spengler) “A person needs to experience strong feelings in order for noble qualities to develop in him that would expand the circle of his life.” (O. de Balzac) “There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is reason that cools the movement of the feelings.” (M. Prishvin) (Examples, thoughts, advice, reflections of peers)

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In the essay, it can be assumed that what is common between reason and feelings is that they determine a person’s actions. And then we can talk about the importance, sincerity, and correctness of a person’s actions, performed on the basis of reason and feelings. The topic is interesting because you can think about what is more important - the mind or feelings, and what is needed for their development.

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World literature provides rich material for discussion on the topic of feelings and reason. If you look at it in chronological order, then these are: - J. Austin “Sense and Sensibility” (Eleanor’s mind and Marianne’s feelings); - A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (Onegin’s mind and Tatiana’s feelings), - A. de Saint-Exupery “The Little Prince” (everything in the Prince - both mind and feelings); - V. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man” (feelings that conquered reason); - A. and B. Strugatsky “Roadside Picnic” (the work and relationships of Redrick Shewhart) flap.rf/Books/Roadside Picnic/Reviews/6686667 ; - F. Iskander “The Dream of God and the Devil” (see quote above) flap.rf/Books/Dream_of_God_and_the Devil/Reviews/7781794 ; - L. Ulitskaya “Daughter of Bukhara” (Bukhara, mind and feelings together, feelings that move the mind) flap.rf/Books/Daughter_Bukhara/Reviews/7785316 ; - J. Moyes “Meet You” (Will’s mind and Louise’s feelings) flap.rf/Books/Meet You/Reviews/7779844 .

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The list is not final! You can make your life easier and watch movies instead of reading. Not good in relation to literature, but better than nothing. The main thing is to learn the name of the author and the genre of the work.

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Approximate topics for final essays for 2016-2017 Thematic direction “Reason and Feeling” 1. Reason is a guide to life. Do you agree with this? 2. Difficult choice between heart and mind. 3. We come into this world to enjoy life, not to suffer. 4.When does a person achieve inner harmony? 5. Know how to survive that moment when it seems that everything is already lost. 6.Soul and mind are the means to control yourself. 7. How difficult it is to find a balance between feelings and reason... 8. Feelings are caused not by facts, but by thoughts. 8. Behind the cry of the soul, the voice of reason is not heard. 9. Feeling is a moral force that makes judgments without the help of reason. 10. What predominates in the mental organization of a person—feelings or reason? 11.What prevails at a young age when a person strives to assert himself? 12.How do the mind and feelings manifest themselves in extreme situations?

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How to write an essay on the topic “Reason and feeling are the two most important categories that determine the essence of a person” (L. N. Tolstoy)? What should I write an essay about on the topic “Reason and feeling - the two most important categories that determine the essence of man” (L. N. Tolstoy)? What arguments can be made in the essay? The essence of the phrase is revealed by L. N. Tolstoy’s work “War and Peace”; you can write an essay about reason and feelings, as two most important categories, using the example of the heroes of the work. As an example, you can cite Sonya, a rather sensible girl, and sensual Natasha.

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“In the novel War and Peace, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy writes about human essence, which is determined by such important categories as reason and feeling. Moreover, both reason and feeling should not categorically prevail over each other. Otherwise there will be trouble. Everything should be in moderation. Although, using the example of Natasha, Leo Tolstoy shows that a person who lives by feelings is closer to him. He calls such people beautiful. And in order for a person to fully experience the harmony of the world, the mind simply gets in the way. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s favorite heroes speak without words about their state of mind. They express it with their eyes, gestures, movements.” Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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Leo Tolstoy shows that a person who lives by feelings is closer to him. He calls such people beautiful. They express their state of mind with their eyes, gestures, and movements.

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“Despite his animal nature, man is endowed with a high level of intelligence, which is designed to control the manifestations of a wide variety of feelings and emotions. The absence of reason would lead him to complete submission to his own instincts, and the inability to feel would turn him into a cold and indifferent mechanism, dull and unhappy... Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy says that both categories - reason and feeling - are two sides of one medals that define a person's personality give him the right to be called a "man." In your essay you can talk about what happens if feelings begin to prevail over the ability to think. Or, on the contrary, describe a situation when a cold mind manages to strangle a nascent feeling. When does a person feel happy? What can you do to learn to subordinate your feelings to reason, without suppressing them? You should try to answer these questions in your essay.” Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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A person will find harmony with nature, with other people and with himself only if he remembers that it is very important to maintain a balance between categories such as “mind” and “feelings”. Man cannot do without reason: then he will be akin to an animal, which is led through life only by instinct. A lot can be lost, a lot can be lost by making the wrong calculation. It is important not to learn from the mistakes of others; it is important to understand which action will be wrong for you. Without feelings, a person is like dead glass; he cannot hear either the call of his own heart or the quiet prompts of the world around him. So he will wander around, choosing the proper paths and directions, sometimes forgetting that the mind tends to make mistakes. As the Fox from The Little Prince said: “Only one heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes” Examples, thoughts, advice, reasoning from peers)

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In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of "reason" and "feeling" are brought to the fore. For a writer, it is important how dominant one side or another is in the characters, what guides them in their actions. In the author's opinion, inevitable punishment is deserved by those who do not take into account the feelings of other people, who are calculating and selfish (the Kuragin family, Boris Drubetskoy). Those who surrender to feelings, the dictates of the soul and heart, even if they thereby make mistakes, are able to ultimately realize them (remember, for example, Natasha Rostova’s attempt to escape with Anatoly Kuragin), are capable of forgiveness and sympathy. Of course, Tolstoy, as a true philosophical writer, called for a harmonious unity of the rational and the sensual in man.

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“Leo Tolstoy believed that a person should live by feelings; reason only harms him. That is why Natasha was lucky, who did not bother herself much with unnecessary reasoning, but was ready to run away with the first handsome scoundrel. But Sonya, who was primarily guided by reason, suffered a complete fiasco in life. At that time, remaining an old maid, and even a beggar, was the worst option for a woman. The writer himself was also guided more by feeling than by reason. It is enough to remember at least his last departure from home. Alas, life itself judged everything - feelings turned out to be not the best adviser in the case when the mind turned off.” Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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“In L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace,” the reasonable Sonya is contrasted with Natasha, who lives by feelings and emotions, and it is clear that Tolstoy sympathizes with Natasha, and therefore she finds her happiness, while Sonya remains alone. However, reason and feelings must be balanced, and Tolstoy shows in the novel that Natasha, succumbing to a momentary impulse, passion, is ready to run away with Anatoly Kuragin. That is, living only with feelings is dangerous, as is analyzing and subordinating everything to reason. In the essay you need to reveal in which situations feelings are important and in which reason is important, and how to make them harmonious and complementary to each other.” Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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“Reason and feeling are like two wings that hold a person, preventing him from falling and allowing him to balance in this complex and multifaceted world. Ups and downs, burning and cold calculation, rational dissection and intuitive premonition - this is the mosaic that makes up our life. Who will determine the correct proportions, who decides when to succumb to feelings and when to take them under the tight rein of reason? I wonder if the man of the twenty-first century has become more rational compared to his grandfather and great-grandfather? Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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“Look at yourself: how do you live, with your mind or with your feelings? When a person is guided only by his mind, he often acts too rationally, tries to find logic in everything, he can be dry and cold, his face does not betray his feelings. When a person lives only by feelings, he can be overly emotional and hot-tempered; it is difficult for him to make the right decision, because he is captive of emotions, and such a person is capable of impulsive actions. For example, when Natasha Rostova falls in love, she is ready to run away with Anatoly. I wonder why Leo Tolstoy didn’t allow her to do this? It’s so romantic to run away with your lover, even if you suffer later. Would you run away? Or would you make a decision based on reason? What will the parents say? And the light? I would have run away. Life should be as bright as a splash of champagne. We must live with our hearts." Examples, thoughts, advice, peer reasoning)

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Not only L.N. Tolstoy in his work “War and Peace” touched upon the struggle of the mind with emotions and feelings. Everyone has experienced a similar war, and everyone has determined who is the capital on their ship of life - the mind or the heart. The hero Andrei Bolkonsky raised his mind above his feelings. At the same time, in the novel the sensual side is revealed more by female representatives, for example, Natasha Rostova or Princess Marya.

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In your essay you can indicate that the mind controls the body, but sometimes gives way to feeling. After all, every person has a moment when a fleeting impulse arises and a person rushes towards it, forgetting about reason. Example - From Bunin’s work “Dark Alleys”, Nadezhda is feelings, and Nikolai Alekseevich is reason.

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An excellent example of Russian classics is the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", in which the author deliberately collides feelings and reason, leading the reader to the idea that any theory has the right to exist if it does not contradict life itself. Evgeny Bazarov, putting forward rationalization ideas for changing society and the old way of life, gave preference to exact sciences that could benefit the state, society, and humanity, while denying all the spiritual components of human life - art, love, beauty and the aesthetics of nature. Such denial and unrequited love for Anna Sergeevna leads the hero to the collapse of his own theory, disappointment and moral devastation.

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These two categories are interestingly embodied in the works of A.P. Chekhov. For example, in “The Lady with the Dog,” which proclaims the all-consuming power of love, it is shown how strongly this feeling can affect a person’s life, literally regenerating people to a new life. Indicative in this regard are the final lines of the story, in which it is stated that with their minds the heroes understood how many obstacles and difficulties lay ahead of them, but they were not afraid: “And it seemed that a little more - and a solution would be found, and then a new, wonderful one would begin.” life; and it was clear to both that the end was still far, far away and that the most difficult and difficult thing was just beginning.”

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Or the opposite example is the story “Ionych”, in which the hero replaces spiritual values - namely the desire to love, have a family and be happy - with material, cold calculation, which inevitably leads to the moral and spiritual degradation of Startsev. The harmonious unity of reason and feeling is demonstrated in the story “Student”, in which Ivan Velikopolsky comes to the realization of his destiny, thereby gaining inner harmony and happiness. The literature of the twentieth century also presented many works in which the categories of “reason” and “feeling” occupy one of the primary places.

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Reason is given to man to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone. People live by feelings, and feelings don’t care who is right. (Erich Maria Remarque) I want to live so that I can think and suffer (A.S. Pushkin) Reason and feeling: can they possess a person at the same time or are these concepts that mutually exclude one another? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both base acts and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What can a dispassionate mind, a cold calculation, do? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of humanity since life appeared. And this debate, which is more important - reason or feeling, has been going on since ancient times, and everyone has their own answer. “People live by feelings,” says Erich Maria Remarque, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed. Sample essay

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It was the feeling of boundless, all-consuming love that helped Margarita reunite with her lover in Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita.” The heroine, without hesitation for a second, gives her soul to the devil and goes with him to the ball, where murderers and hanged men kiss her knee. Having abandoned a wealthy, measured life in a luxurious mansion with a loving husband, she rushes into an adventurous adventure with evil spirits. Here is a vivid example of how a person, by choosing a feeling, created his own happiness. Thus, the statement of Erich Maria Remarque is absolutely correct: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life, only feelings give life indescribable bright colors, leaving emotionally filled memories. As the great classic Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote: “If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.”

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