Works with humanity. “Humanity has always been one of the most important phenomena of literature - large and small” (D.S.

Meleshchenko Irina

Article based on materials from writers of the XX-XXI centuries. on the topic "Humanity is one of the most important phenomena reflected in Russian literature."

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Humanity is one of the most important phenomena reflected in Russian literature

Meleshchenko I., student of State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 510

Issues of humanity have always interested people, since they directly affected everyone living on earth. But they are especially acute in our “cruel age”, full of extreme situations for all mankind. Many writers set out to reveal the theme of love for people in their works, some from the point of view of conflict, some from the point of view of humanistic reasoning. This theme is reflected with particular skill in the works of our contemporaries, such wonderful writers as Anatoly Georgievich Aleksin, Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin, Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov. Almost every story or story by these authors is a hymn to humanity.

Consider, for example, the story by A. G. Aleksin “Meanwhile, somewhere...” This book is a cry for help, an exposure of indifference and official phrases, a search for personality in a crowd of ordinary people, a search for a heart that is still capable of feeling the suffering of others.

The work is not particularly original in its plot, but it can be read in one breath, as the complex and original characters of the Russian people emerge behind the apparent simplicity.

The main theme of the story was the relationship between Serezha Emelyanov and his father’s first wife, Nina Georgievna.

Their acquaintance begins on the day when Seryozha receives two letters: one from his father, the other from Nina Georgievna, which fell into his hands completely by accident. The heroine has suffered a misfortune that she has no one to tell about except her ex-husband: her adopted son Shurik is leaving her for her real parents. And Seryozha decides to replace his father, lending a strong shoulder to the man who in an instant became close and dear to him.

From this moment begins the thorny path of the child’s moral quest, tossing between his own family, ardent love for his mother and father, the desire to hide everything that is happening for the sake of the peace of his family, and the desire to save him from despair by lending a helping hand.

Seryozha is contrasted with a world of indifferent people, deaf to the misfortune of others. These are Shurik, his parents, Nina Georgievna’s students and many others. The boy fights philistinism in others and suppresses it in himself, with his mind looking for a way to retreat: “... After all, I didn’t tell her firmly and confidently that I would come,” but with his heart he still strives for a person close in spirit. But it’s difficult for a child. He, squeezed in the grip of rules and common sense, is looking for justification for his arrival (guided, again, by humanity, concern for his best friend, whom with all his soul he wants to cure from shyness), looking for loopholes, afraid to go straight among cruel and “empty-hearted” people . And then Nina Georgievna comes to his aid, extending the words like a life preserver: “To leave a person, you sometimes have to come up with false reasons. Because the true ones can be too cruel. But to come, you don’t need to invent anything. You just have to come, that’s all...”

An adult woman finds a friend and like-minded person in Seryozha. Of course, the boy, like everyone else at his age, is characterized by ardor and maximalism, but in essence he is just as kind and sympathetic, just as capable of understanding the pain of other people, like Nina Georgievna. It is very difficult for the two of them to fight against the coldness of people’s hearts. The main characters, saving each other, try to melt the ice around them. She sincerely wants to help his friend Anton, and Seryozha, having seen Shurik off, takes his key, not yet knowing why - it’s just what his heart tells him.

The hero of the story, in a dispute with indifferent adults, defends his right to be friends with whomever you want, to dream about whatever you want, to live as you want in your own joyful and honest world.

I remember the words of V. Krapivin: “If someone at this moment calls for help... Well... Hurry there, be the rider yourself!” It is this role of the rider that Sergei Emelyanov plays in the life of a simple school doctor. The heroine is full of unspent love, she needs support and understanding.

But Seryozha strives to help not only her. The good seeds thrown into his soul by Nina Georgievna have sprouted and will not wither anymore, fueled by the sincere, bright impulses of the child. The boy puts a load belonging to his father onto his thin childish shoulders. For what? Out of duty? Not at all. Seryozha himself answers this question, believing that “the need to become someone’s protector and deliverer came as the first call of male adulthood.” He is right in believing that you cannot forget the person who began to need you.

And what about Nina Georgievna? She happily leaned on the offered shoulder and became a consumer? Yes, this is so against her nature as a person who lives for the sake of others that it’s ridiculous to even talk about it. No, she repays Seryozha a hundredfold for his kindness, revealing to the child the “fourth dimension” of the world - life for others. And let them object that the highest happiness is one’s own joy. But this will be said by selfish and flawed people. Anatoly Aleksin sees the highest manifestation of humanity in giving oneself to others, tearing out one’s heart, like Gorky’s Danko, and illuminating the path for people walking behind.

Nina Georgievna lives for the sake of others, strict with herself, but incredibly kind to others. Her words: “This is understandable!” - addressed to every person, to any action, which testifies to her boundless love for other people.

Seryozha, who adopted her ideas and judgments, firmly adheres to his chosen path. And when fate again tests his strength, putting on one scale the long-awaited summer vacation by the sea, and on the other - a trip to Nina Georgievna, the child passes the test with honor, difficult for an adult as well. The family, who know nothing, accuses him of being “wingless,” and his father even gives as an example a comparison of a person’s life with a route that must be taken exactly on schedule. The answer of the unbroken Seryozha is painfully deep and heartfelt: “And I thought that there are planes and trains that fly routes outside the schedule and outside the schedule. These are planes and trains for special purposes (the most important ones!): they help, they save...”

Humanity is manifested in the renunciation of one’s own interests in order for the life of a loved one to at least once flare up and shine with bright colors, sparkle with all the shades of the rainbow. You come to this conclusion after reading the subtle and heartfelt work of A.G. Aleksina.

These same ideas of humanism and humanity are found in many works of Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin, who wrote mainly about children and for children. This is exactly what the novel “The Boy with the Sword” is about. It describes the development of the personality of sixth-grader Seryozha Kakhovsky, whose character grows stronger before the reader’s eyes. Seryozha stands up for justice, finds himself in difficult trials, learns to take bold actions without hesitation and make the right choice between honor and dishonor.

The main character of the novel - an honest, brave and fair boy - is constantly forced to fight cowardice, meanness and betrayal. Having entrusted his comrades with a fairy tale about horsemen he had invented, Sergei faces misunderstanding, ridicule and ridicule. But suddenly, at the very moment when the boy is ready to cry from helplessness and injustice, a miracle happens - real horsemen suddenly appear and come to his defense: “And the most important horseman is dark, white-toothed, in a green shirt and a canvas budenovka with a cloth blue star - he said quietly: “Don’t trro-ogat...” It turned out that Alexey Borisovich Ivanov, a friend of the boy, called for help from his familiar students with the detachment. They played the role of Seryozha’s horsemen so brilliantly. However, such miracles happen, perhaps once in a lifetime, and the riders cannot come to everyone: “You are happy now, even calm. And at that moment someone calls for help. Do you think the riders are rushing there too?” To the question “What should I do?” Ivanov gives Seryozha advice: to be a horseman himself, and not necessarily on a horse and wearing a hat with a star.

The words spoken to Seryozha by journalist Ivanov did not remain an empty phrase. He really tries to hear when someone calls for help, and strives to provide that help. Seryozha stands up for second-grader Stasik Grachev, for the street children whose ball was taken away by an adult hooligan. The boy always ends up where someone's scream is heard and tears are visible. And even when, in case of obedience and humility, he is awarded a long-awaited trip to Chersonesos, Sergei Kakhovsky remains true to his principles, standing up for random fellow travelers who are attacked by embittered adults. His own words sound as if echoed by the horsemen: “And as if from the side he heard his own voice: “Don’t touch!”

Krapivin's novel teaches not to put up with injustice, with cruelty, no matter where it manifests itself: in the yard, on the street, at school or in a distant country. His heroes care about everything. Whether a child is offended, whether hooligans have pestered someone, or whether their peer has been killed in Chile - the boys from “Espada” are always ready to draw their swords in defense of a person.

The authors of more serious and “adult” works raise questions of humanity no less acutely. One of the works in which the author reveals the theme of love for people is the story “Alpine Ballad” by Vasil Bykov. The Belarusian writer writes very often about the Great Patriotic War. It is in war, according to the author, that a person’s love for other people, the ability to compassion and empathy, caring and true heroism are most acutely manifested.

The heroes of this story are the Russian soldier Ivan Tereshka and the Italian girl Julia, who managed to escape from fascist captivity. Their meeting is accidental and unexpected. They spend several days and nights in the Alps, but the Germans still overtake the fugitives.

The very method of liberating desperate people from captivity is amazing. One of the prisoners sacrifices his life so that the others can be saved. He hits the bomb fuse with a sledgehammer, dies himself, but opens the way to salvation for his comrades. Isn't this a true feat of humanity?

Like his fellow sufferer, Ivan himself demonstrates his boundless love for people. He shares bread with a madman and helps Julia overcome the exhausting climb to the mountains. When the girl completely loses strength and cannot go further, Ivan carries her on his back to alpine meadows with blooming scarlet poppies and a high blue sky. This image of a peaceful meadow and the sky above demonstrates to readers the true skill of the author, who seems to exclaim: “Stop! Look around! Stop killing each other, because there is so much room for everyone on this vast, spacious and beautiful earth!”

Love for Ivan and Julia comes unexpectedly, very beautiful, big and real. The boy and girl do not understand each other's language well, but they hear and love with their hearts. They probably would have been happy and lived a long life if the Nazis had not overtaken them. Ivan dies in an unequal battle with the Germans and shepherds trained to kill people, but before his death he saves his beloved. Death for the sake of the lives of others is the slogan of Bykov’s heroes, this is their answer to all the evil and violence that is happening in the world.

Julia turns out to be worthy of Ivan. She continues to love him for many years. The girl gave birth to and raised their son Giovanni, who learned Russian perfectly and knew a lot about Belarus. Eighteen years later, Julia’s letter finally found Ivan’s relatives, and they learned about his feat. Julia's letter ends with the words: “With gratitude to everyone - who gave birth, raised and knew a Man who was truly Russian in kindness and worthy of admiration in his courage. Do not forget Him!”

Through the lips of his heroes, Bykov tells readers that, despite the darkness, bitterness and sadness that surround us, there is always room for love in the world. The love of a man for a woman, the love of a man for a man - this is the only weapon, according to the author, against evil and cruelty. “Alpine Ballad” is a story about three days in the life of a young man and girl who escaped from captivity. This is a story about three short days that contained an entire eternity. These are three days that gave the former concentration camp prisoners boundless love and hope for salvation. This is the author’s passionate appeal to give each other happiness and faith.

Maxim Gorky said: “Russian art is, first of all, a heartfelt art. Romantic love for man burned unquenchably in it, and the work of our artists, great and small, shines with this fire of love.” The works of the authors discussed above are a clear illustration of this statement. Through the words of the heroes and narrators, the author’s leisurely reflection is visible - the reflection of many people who have seen and known in life. In this reflection there is an affirmation of the greatness and beauty of what is truly human. Art should teach goodness. Russian writers see the ability of a pure human heart for good as the most precious wealth. “If we are strong and truly smart in anything, it is in doing a good deed,” they say. Anatoly Aleksin, Vsevolod Krapivin and Vasil Bykov believed and continue to believe in this.

1. (49 words) In Turgenev’s story “Asya,” Gagin showed humanity when he took into his care his illegitimate sister. He called his friend for a frank conversation about Asya’s feelings. He understood that the hero would not marry her, and did not insist. The caring brother only tried to get out of the situation so that the girl would not be hurt.
2. (47 words) In Kuprin’s story “The Wonderful Doctor,” the hero saves an entire family from starvation. Doctor Pirogov accidentally meets Mertsalov and learns that his wife and children are slowly dying in a damp basement. Then the doctor gave them medicine and money. This act shows the highest manifestation of humanity - mercy.
3. (50 words) In Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” (chapter “Two Soldiers”), the hero consoles two old men and helps them with the housework. Although life is harder for him, because Vasily is fighting at the front, he does not complain or miss, but helps older people in word and deed. In war, he still remains a respectful and well-mannered person.
4. (48 words) In Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man,” the hero is not likened to a cruel enemy, but remains the same kind and sympathetic Andrei Sokolov. After the trials of captivity and the loss of his family, he adopts an orphan and begins a new life. In this readiness to revive the peaceful sky above my head and in my soul, I see a manifestation of humanity.
5. (44 words) In Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” Pugachev saves the life of his opponent for reasons of humanity. He sees that Peter is worthy of this mercy, because he is kind, brave and devoted to his fatherland. The chieftain judges fairly, giving credit even to the enemy. This skill is the characteristic of a decent person.
6. (42 words) In Gorky’s story “Chelkash” the thief turns out to be more humane than the peasant. Gavrila was ready to kill his accomplice for the sake of money, but Chelkash did not stoop to this baseness, even though he traded in theft. He throws his prey and leaves, since the main thing in a person is dignity.
7. (42 words) In Griboedov’s play “Woe from Wit,” Chatsky expresses his humanity when he stands up for the rights of serfs. He understands that owning people is immoral and cruel. In his monologue he denounces serfdom. It is because of such conscientious nobles that the situation of the common people will subsequently improve significantly.
8. (43 words) In Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog,” the professor makes a fateful decision for humanity: he stops his experiment, recognizing that we do not have the right to interfere so radically in the affairs of nature. He repented of his mistake and corrected it. His humanity is the suppression of pride for the sake of the common good.
9. (53 words) In Platonov’s work “Yushka,” the main character saved all his money to help an orphan get an education. His entourage did not know this, but regularly mocked the dumb victim. After his death, people found out why Yushka looked so bad and what he did with the pennies he earned. But it's' too late. But the memory of his humanity is alive in the heart of the blessed girl.
10. (57 words) In Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden,” Samson Vyrin treated everyone passing through as a human being, even though they took out all their anger on him. One day he sheltered a sick officer and treated him as best he could. But he responded with black ingratitude and took his daughter away, deceiving the old man. Thus, he deprived his sons of their grandfather. So humanity should be valued, not betrayed.

Examples from life, cinema, media

1. (48 words) Recently I read a whole article in the newspaper about how young people rescue girls in trouble. They rush to the aid of a stranger without expecting a reward. This is humanity in action. Criminals are put behind bars, but women remain alive, and all thanks to selfless intercessors.
2. (57 words) I can remember examples of humanity from my personal life. The teacher helped my friend get back on his feet. His mother drank, and his father was not there at all. The boy himself could have gone down the wrong path, but his class teacher found his grandmother and ensured that the student lived with her. Years have passed, but he still remembers and visits her.
3. (39 words) In my family, humanity is taken as a rule. My parents feed the birds in winter, donate money for operations for sick children, help an old neighbor with heavy bags and pay for utilities. When I grow up, I will also continue these glorious traditions.
4. (52 words) My grandmother taught me humanity since childhood. When people turned to her for help, she always did everything in her power. For example, she gave a job to a man without a fixed place of residence, thereby bringing him back to life. He was given official housing, and soon he was visiting his grandmother with gifts and gifts.
5. (57 words) I read in a magazine how a girl with a popular account on a social network posted an advertisement for a stranger there, where she was looking for a job. The woman was over 50, she was already desperate to find a place, when suddenly an excellent offer arrived. Thanks to this example, many people were inspired and began to do good deeds. This is true humanity, when a person changes society for the better.
6. (56 words) My older friend is studying at the institute, where he signed up for a volunteer club. He went to an orphanage and organized a matinee there in honor of the New Year. As a result, the abandoned children received gifts and performances, and my friend received indescribable emotions. I believe that in any university this is how people should be taught humanity, giving them a chance to prove themselves.
7. (44 words) In Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List, the hero, despite the policies of Nazi Germany, recruits Jews, thereby saving them from martyrdom. His actions are guided by humanity, because he believes that all people are equal, everyone deserves to live, and no one can dispute this.
8. (47 words) In the film “Les Miserables” by Tom Hooper, the criminal and villain turns out to be a humane and merciful man who takes custody of an unknown orphan girl. He manages to raise a child and run from the police at the same time. For her sake, he takes mortal risks. Only man can achieve such selfless love.
9. (43 words) In Henry Hathaway's Call Northside 777, the innocent hero goes to prison. His mother tries in vain to find the real criminals. And the journalist completely disinterestedly decided to help her by getting involved in the investigation. In this case, he demonstrated his humanity, because he did not ignore someone else’s misfortune.
10. (44 words) My favorite actor Konstantin Khabensky spends most of his fees on charity. With these actions, he inspires viewers to act according to their conscience and help each other in trouble not only in word, but also in deed. I respect him immensely for this and believe that he is driven by his humanity.
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Humanity is one of the most important and at the same time complex concepts. It is impossible to give it an unambiguous definition, because it manifests itself in a variety of human qualities. This is the desire for justice, honesty, and respect. Someone who can be called humane is capable of caring for others, helping and patronizing. He can see the good in people and emphasize their main advantages. All this can be confidently attributed to the main manifestations of this quality.

What is humanity?

There are a large number of examples of humanity from life. These are the heroic actions of people in wartime, and very insignificant, seemingly insignificant actions in everyday life. Humanity and kindness are manifestations of compassion for one's neighbor. Motherhood is also synonymous with this quality. After all, every mother actually sacrifices the most precious thing she has - her own life - as a sacrifice to her baby. The brutal cruelty of the fascists can be called a quality opposite to humanity. A person only has the right to be called a person if he is capable of doing good.

Dog rescue

An example of humanity from life is the act of a man who saved a dog in the subway. Once upon a time, a stray dog ​​found itself in the lobby of the Kurskaya station of the Moscow metro. She ran along the platform. Maybe she was looking for someone, or maybe she was just chasing a departing train. But it so happened that the animal fell on the rails.

There were many passengers at the station then. People were scared - after all, there was less than a minute left before the next train arrived. The situation was saved by a brave police officer. He jumped onto the tracks, picked up the unlucky dog ​​under his paws and carried him to the station. This story is a good example of humanity from life.

Action of a teenager from New York

This quality is not complete without compassion and goodwill. There is a lot of evil in real life these days and people need to show each other compassion. An indicative example from life on the topic of humanity is the action of a 13-year-old New Yorker named Nach Elpstein. For his bar mitzvah (or coming of age in Judaism), he received a gift of 300 thousand shekels. The boy decided to donate all this money to Israeli children. It's not every day that you hear about such an act, which is a true example of humanity from life. The amount went towards the construction of a new generation bus for the work of young scientists on the periphery of Israel. This vehicle is a mobile classroom that will help young students become real scientists in the future.

An example of humanity from life: donation

There is no nobler act than giving your blood to someone else. This is real charity, and everyone who takes this step can be called a real citizen and a person with a capital “P.” Donors are strong-willed people who have a kind heart. An example of the manifestation of humanity in life is Australian resident James Harrison. He donates blood plasma almost every week. For a very long time he was awarded a unique nickname - “The Man with the Golden Arm”. After all, blood was taken from Harrison's right hand more than a thousand times. And in all the years that he has been donating, Harrison has managed to save more than 2 million people.

In his youth, the hero donor underwent a complex operation, as a result of which he had to have his lung removed. His life was saved only thanks to donors who donated 6.5 liters of blood. Harrison never knew the saviors, but decided that he would donate blood for the rest of his life. After talking with doctors, James learned that his blood type was unusual and could be used to save the lives of newborn babies. His blood contained very rare antibodies that can solve the problem of incompatibility of the Rh factor of the mother’s blood and the embryo. Because Harrison donated blood every week, doctors were able to constantly produce new batches of the vaccine for such cases.

An example of humanity from life, from literature: Professor Preobrazhensky

One of the most striking literary examples of possessing this quality is Professor Preobrazhensky from Bulgakov’s work “The Heart of a Dog.” He dared to challenge the forces of nature and turn a street dog into a man. His attempts failed. However, Preobrazhensky feels responsible for his actions, and tries with all his might to turn Sharikov into a worthy member of society. This shows the highest qualities of the professor, his humanity.

1. The concept of humanism.
2. Pushkin as a herald of humanity.
3. Examples of humanistic works.
4. The writer’s works teach you to be human.

...By reading his works, you can perfectly educate the person within you...
V. G. Belinsky

In the dictionary of literary terms, you can find the following definition of the term “humanism”: “humanism, humanity - love for a person, humanity, compassion for a person in trouble, in oppression, the desire to help him.”

Humanism arose as a certain trend of advanced social thought, which raised the struggle for the rights of the human person, against church ideology, the oppression of scholasticism, in the Renaissance in the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism and became one of the main features of advanced bourgeois literature and art.

The work of such Russian writers who reflected the liberation struggle of the people as A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, I. S. Turgenev, N. V. Gogol, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov is imbued with humanism.

A. S. Pushkin is a humanist writer, but what does this mean in practice? This means that for Pushkin the principle of humanity is of great importance, that is, in his works the writer preaches truly Christian virtues: mercy, understanding, compassion. In each main character one can find traits of humanism, be it Onegin, Grinev or an unnamed Caucasian prisoner. However, for each hero the concept of humanism changes. The content of this term also changes depending on the periods of creativity of the great Russian writer.

At the very beginning of the writer’s creative career, the word “humanism” was often understood as a person’s internal freedom of choice. It is no coincidence that at a time when the poet himself was in southern exile, his work was enriched with a new type of hero, romantic, strong, but not free. Two Caucasian poems - “Prisoner of the Caucasus” and “Gypsies” - are clear confirmation of this. The nameless hero, captured and held captive, however, turns out to be freer than Aleko, choosing life with the nomadic people. The idea of ​​individual freedom occupied the author’s thoughts during this period and received an original, non-standard interpretation. Thus, the defining character trait of Aleko - egoism - becomes a force that completely steals a person’s inner freedom, while the hero of “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” although limited in movement, is internally free. This is precisely what helps him make a fateful but conscious choice. Aleko craves freedom only for himself. Therefore, the love story between him and the gypsy Zemfira, who is completely free spiritually, turns out to be sad - the main character kills his beloved, who has stopped loving him. The poem "Gypsies" shows the tragedy of modern individualism, and in the main character - the character of an extraordinary personality, which was first outlined in "Prisoner of the Caucasus" and finally recreated in "Eugene Onegin".

The next period of creativity gives a new interpretation of humanism and new heroes. “Boris Godunov” and “Eugene Onegin,” written between 1823 and 1831, give us new food for thought: what is philanthropy for a poet? This period of creativity is represented by more complex, but at the same time integral characters of the main characters. Both Boris and Evgeniy - each of them faces a certain moral choice, the acceptance or non-acceptance of which depends entirely on their character. Both individuals are tragic, each of them deserves pity and understanding.

The pinnacle of humanism in Pushkin’s works was the closing period of his work and such works as “Belkin’s Tales”, “Little Tragedies”, “The Captain’s Daughter”. Now humanism and humanity are becoming truly complex concepts and include many different characteristics. This includes the free will and personality of the hero, honor and conscience, the ability to sympathize and empathize and, most importantly, the ability to love. The hero must love not only man, but also the world around him, nature and art, in order to become truly interesting to Pushkin the humanist. These works are also characterized by the punishment of inhumanity, in which the author’s position is clearly visible. If previously the hero’s tragedy depended on external circumstances, now it is determined by the internal capacity for humanity. Anyone who meaningfully leaves the bright path of philanthropy is doomed to severe punishment. An antihero is a bearer of one of the types of passions. The Baron from “The Stingy Knight” is not just a stingy guy, he is the bearer of the passion for enrichment and power. Salieri longs for fame; he is also oppressed by envy of his friend, who is luckier in talent. Don Guan, the hero of The Stone Guest, is the bearer of sensual passions, and the inhabitants of the city, destroyed by the plague, find themselves in the grip of the passion of intoxication. Each of them gets what he deserves, each of them is punished.

In this regard, the most significant works for revealing the concept of humanism are “Belkin’s Tales” and “The Captain’s Daughter”. “Belkin’s Tales” is a special phenomenon in the writer’s work, consisting of five prose works united by a single concept: “The Station Agent”, “The Shot”, “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”, “The Blizzard”, “The Undertaker”. Each of the short stories is dedicated to the hardships and suffering that befell one of the main classes - the small landowner, peasant, official or artisan. Each of the stories teaches us compassion, understanding of universal human values ​​and their acceptance. Indeed, despite the difference in the perception of happiness by each class, we understand the undertaker’s nightmare, the experiences of the loving daughter of a small landowner, and the recklessness of army officials.

The crowning achievement of Pushkin's humanistic works is The Captain's Daughter. Here we see the author’s already matured, formed thought concerning universal human passions and problems. Through compassion for the main character, the reader, along with him, goes through the path of becoming a strong, strong-willed personality who knows firsthand what honor is. Over and over again, the reader, together with the main character, makes a moral choice on which life, honor and freedom depend. Thanks to this, the reader grows with the hero and learns to be human.

V. G. Belinsky said about Pushkin: “...By reading his works, you can excellently educate a person within yourself...”. Indeed, Pushkin’s works are so full of humanism, philanthropy and attention to enduring universal human values: mercy, compassion and love, that from them, as from a textbook, you can learn to make important decisions, take care of honor, love and hate - learn to be human.