How to open a sewing business from scratch: income, costs. How to start your own sewing business

One of the options for a profitable and respectable business is clothing production. This business is a specific and universal business that requires careful planning and organization in order to satisfy the needs and demands of customers.

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Where to begin?

To conduct this type of business, it is worthwhile to thoroughly analyze the market in the field of clothing production in the area or region where you plan to open a workshop. The main thing is to identify those areas that are not affected by competitors.

All sewing work can be divided into the following groups:

• Clothing repair;
• creating models of children's clothing;
• creation of outerwear models;
• tailoring of special clothes;
• creation of interior models;
• creation and sewing of leather products and much more.

As for buyers, they are divided into 2 groups:

1. The first group consists of wealthy consumers. To satisfy their needs and requests, it is necessary to create quite fashionable models, using expensive fabrics and accessories, as well as impeccable quality of tailoring and patterns. Such buyers provide good profits.
2. But the work of clothing factories is designed more for consumers with average incomes. They are the ones who make up the second group. To satisfy their needs, it is always necessary to keep an eye on both quality and price. This group of buyers often remains dissatisfied with the fabrics and tailoring used. In this case, it is very important to find a middle ground and provide the consumer with high quality products at an affordable price.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

1. Fast payback with a good distribution channel.
2. Possibility to choose the direction of tailoring.
3. Tailoring is always in demand, since the consumer constantly needs this or that clothing.

Minuses:

1. Lots of competitors.
2. Expensive equipment.
3. Experienced specialists are needed and are difficult to find.
4. Difficulties arising in the marketing of finished products.

Registration

To open a clothing production, you must choose a legal form. For this type of activity, both registration as an individual entrepreneur and registration of a legal entity are suitable.

To register an individual entrepreneur you need:

• statement,
• Receipt of payment;

To register a legal entity you need:

• statutory documents,
• certificate of assignment of identification code,
• a document confirming registration of business activity;

Premises and equipment

The choice of premises will directly depend on financial capabilities and the expected volume of production. A small sewing workshop can be located on 60 square meters. m. And this will be quite enough.

If it is not possible to purchase a premises, then the best option would be to rent it. It is advisable if this is an industrial zone of the city. When choosing a premises, take into account its technical and production capabilities.

For the normal functioning of the sewing workshop you will need the following equipment:

• grinding devices;
• steam iron complete with a special table;
• as needed, button and loop semi-automatic;
• single-needle sewing machines;
• overlockers;
• ordinary tables;
• cutting knives or cutting systems;
• additional furniture (chairs, poufs);

Suppliers

Both wholesale markets and direct manufacturers can supply.

When choosing a supplier, pay attention to:

1. Qualitative characteristics of the supplied products.
2. Affordable price.
3. Conscientious work of suppliers.

If you work with suppliers correctly, you can save money and reduce your costs.

It is necessary to create competition between suppliers, because there will always be a supplier who will offer you more favorable and acceptable conditions.

Materials

For the continuous operation of the sewing workshop, it is necessary to establish a procurement channel for the fabrics and accessories needed for production, especially since there is now a huge range of them on the market. This will allow you to choose a higher quality and affordable material.

To make a purchase, it is best to use the services of wholesale companies. As a rule, they act as producers. This will avoid contracts with intermediaries and reduce costs for materials.

With all the diversity, you should pay attention to the composition of the fabrics, since many of them contain new innovative elements. This can lead to improper care and cutting of fabrics.
As for the accessories, here it is also worth thinking through everything to the smallest detail, because it must be selected strictly to the color and model of the product. An incorrectly selected button or lock often becomes the reason for refusal to purchase this or that item.

If the supplier considers you a conscientious and regular customer, you have the opportunity to work on preferential terms, or you can count on a deferred payment.

Staff

To ensure good work for a small clothing production, it is enough to hire 23 employees. To avoid downtime, 2 teams of approximately 10 people are recommended. Among them are 7 seamstresses, 2 wet-heat treatment employees, and 1 foreman.

In general, the company also needs an experienced cutter who will provide cutting for 2 teams and a laboratory assistant at once. His task is to flash the trial and very first copy of the model. This function can also be performed by a fashion designer or a designer-technologist. To manage all employees, a director is needed, who is usually the owner of the enterprise himself.

Additionally, a mechanic, electrician, and accountant can be hired for hourly work.
As a rule, a sewing shop operates in the following mode: 2 in 2, or rather 2 days, the first team works, the next 2 days - the second.

If more than 25 sewing machines are installed in the workshop, then the mechanic is hired on a permanent basis. Given the scale of production, the activity of a storekeeper will be required, whose role is to ensure the safety of finished products and raw materials.

What to sew?

For those who have just decided to open a sewing production, it is recommended to choose the direction of sewing clothes for newborns. This can be a variety of discharge kits, baby bedding sets, diapers and other baby items.

This specificity, as practice shows, is a more marketable product, since parents will always buy things for their child. And if the finished product is made from natural materials rather than synthetics, the consumer will certainly give preference to the domestic manufacturer.

The following areas can be distinguished:

• clothing for children and newborns;
• women's clothing;
• evening wear;
• interior items (curtains, drapes, decorative pillows);
• bed dress;
• a uniform;

The choice of one direction or another directly depends on sales.

Sales of products

If the finished product is successful in your city, then over time you can expand production and open chain stores.

Opening a sewing enterprise, even a small one, will require sufficient financial investments. If this is not possible, money is taken from the bank on credit. But for this step, try to calculate everything correctly and competently. As an option, you can offer to work together with a partner.

Cost calculation and payback

The main expense is the purchase of equipment.

What you will have to spend money on every month:

• payment of rent for premises;
• payment for materials upon purchase;
• payment of salaries to workshop employees;
• payment of utility bills;
• tax calculations;

In order to open a small production, you will need to purchase up to 25 units of necessary equipment. The approximate amount will be 15 – 20 thousand.e.
The return on production directly depends on the consumer. It is believed that demand depends on the season. January and February are considered not profitable, but the best month is December, or rather the end of the year.

According to rough statistics, a sewing studio pays for itself in 12 months, and a large sewing enterprise in up to 2-3 years.

Adviсe:

1. It is not recommended to save on expensive equipment and experienced seamstresses.
2. Keep in mind that competition is high, so focus on quality and affordable price.
3. It is necessary to promote finished products through advertising.

Flow production is the most progressive method of organizing production, characteristic of industrial sewing enterprises. Main characteristics of continuous production:

• division of labor between performers;
• dividing the process into simple operations equal or multiple in time;
• assigning each technological operation to a specific workplace;
• significant increase in labor productivity due to the specialization of jobs, repeated repetition of tasks
• compliance with the specialization of flows, sections, groups and jobs;
• improving product quality due to worker specialization;
• workplaces and equipment are placed in the technological sequence of product processing;
• continuous production of a product - sequential transfer of semi-finished products from operation to operation immediately after their completion;
• reducing the duration of the production cycle (the time a garment spends in the workshop from the moment it is submitted for cutting to delivery of finished products to the warehouse) by increasing labor productivity and rhythm of work;
• rational use of equipment due to its full load;
• favorable conditions for comprehensive mechanization and automation of production.

When organizing continuous production, the management of a sewing enterprise decides the following important issues:

• uninterrupted supply of cut, semi-finished products, accessories, auxiliary materials;
• changing the range and models requires a significant restructuring of the entire production process;
• trouble-free supply of workplaces with electricity, steam, smooth operation of equipment;
• strengthening control over the timely delivery of semi-finished products.

Depending on the number of cutting parts and semi-finished products supplied to workplaces, flows with piece, batch and combined (piece-pack) feeding are distinguished.

At piece by piece nutrition Workplaces are served one semi-finished product at a time. This method of feeding is used in conveyor flows with a strict rhythm.

Pachkovoe food is used in flows with a free rhythm. The size of the pack depends on the type of product and the stage of its readiness. The size of the pack should be such that monotony in work does not appear. The processing time for one pack should not exceed 30 minutes. Table 1 shows typical pack sizes. For effective work, the pack is not disassembled, but processed with parts clamped on one side, or a chain, without cutting off the threads.

Flows can be through and sectional - with separation of sections for preparation, installation, and finishing. Typically, procurement, assembly and finishing sections are organized in flows. Another organization of tailoring is also possible: two installations, general finishing for several threads.

Advantages of sectional flows over non-sectional ones:

• improving product quality and labor productivity through job specialization;
• ensuring uninterrupted operation of the flow during the transition to new models due to intersectional reserves;
• in high-power flows, different rhythms of work in sections are possible;
• to avoid operations with increased multiplicity, two or three parallel flows of the same type are allocated in the assembly section with a total power equal to the power of the procurement section.

ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING, CONTROL AND OPERATIONAL REGULATION OF THE WORK OF THE SEWING SHOP

The workshop manager, technologists, and technical director (chief engineer) are responsible for organizing production, receiving and transferring, and issuing tasks to workers. The financial and economic service is responsible for:

• ensuring documentary recording and recording of the movement of cutting, fittings, and finished products;
• monitoring the volume of work performed and calculating piecework wages to employees;
• planning, operational dispatch of sewing products, regulation of the production process to reach production program standards;
• control of finished product delivery rates.

Taking into account the indicated specifics, let’s consider accounting and control aspects of the organization of clothing production, as well as situations that require operational regulation (in-line production with batch start of cutting).

Step 1.Standards will be required from technologists for products planned for sewing. This is the Confectionery Card, Specification of Cutting Details, Technological Process. They are needed to plan the production program.

Step 2.Draw up and verify the Production program. If necessary, the program is adjusted taking into account its implementation in the previous month, the receipt of new orders, emergency equipment breakdown and other factors.

The range of sewing products changes frequently. They use sequential-assortment or sequential-cyclic launch of models. As work is launched and completed, the fact is noted in the Production Program.

If deadlines diverge, prompt measures are taken. The situation in production as of 07/12/2018 is shown above. It can be seen that the Mango blouses were delivered to the finished goods warehouse late - in fact, on 07/08 (according to the plan, they were supposed to be delivered on 07/05). Also, three days later, they began sewing “Cherry” blouses. Discrepancies can be avoided if you control the flow of the cut into the sewing workshop.

Step 3.They control the flow of cuts from the cutting shop to the sewing shop in accordance with the production program.

The transfer of the cut to the sewing shops, the accounting of the cut during the sewing and finishing process, as well as the transfer of finished products to the warehouse are organized according to Route sheets. The route sheet is issued in the cutting shop on the basis Cutting cards. Several route sheets can be issued for cutting using one cutting card. The number of products for which a route sheet is issued depends on the type of assortment and the characteristics of production. The route sheet accompanies a pack of cuts of all parts from the main fabric, lining and butt of products of the same size.

The following data is entered into the route sheet:

• number of the workshop, shift and team for which the cut is intended;
• number of the cutting card and number of the layout according to which the fabric was cut;
• product code, model and order number;
• dimensional characteristics;
• number of product units and their numbers;
• fabric characteristics, percentage of fiber content;
• color number, etc.

Let's imagine Route sheet for the “Citrus” blouse in the amount of 26 pieces, the tailoring of which is provided for in the second stream.

First section The route sheet is filled out in the cutting shop and used to formalize the transfer of the cut to the sewing shop. The receiver accepts the cut according to the route sheets, the driver's voucher and the confectionery card.

Second section filled in in the sewing shop when a completed batch of finished products is delivered to the warehouse. The warehouse manager signs the receipt in the second section of the route sheet. If products with textile or production defects are detected, fill in the line “Written off from the route sheet according to the invoice report No.___”, indicate the date and number of products.

The route sheet is issued in triplicate. The number of copies of route sheets corresponds to the number of technological transitions. On each of them there remains one copy with signatures confirming the delivery of semi-finished products or products.

The first copy of the route sheet is left in the cutting shop to record the delivery of the cut to the sewing shop, the second - in the sewing shop to report on the cut of garments received. The third copy, after the finished products are received in the warehouse, is transferred first to the planning department to record the implementation of the production program, and then to the accounting department to record the delivery of finished products. Delivery of route sheets to the planning department and accounting department is organized according to Accompanying registers.

In the sewing workshop, all received Route Sheets are entered into Cumulative record of cutting in sewing shops. The list is kept by names, codes and models of products. If necessary, the planning economist or accountant checks the accounting data with the entries in the accumulation sheet.

Step 4.Promptly send requests to the sewing workshop.

In production, it is important to ensure the rhythmic operation of all departments, their uniform loading and program implementation. Coordination of work to ensure the rhythm of production is carried out by the planning department or dispatch service. Information about the arrival of the cut to the sewing shop is transmitted to the planners in the form Summary, which are formed from information in cumulative cut accounting sheets.

The management of the sewing workshop provides a summary to the planning service. Based on the reports, they determine how the deadlines of the production program and the workload of workers are maintained. From the Summary as of 07/05/2018, it is clear that the sewing shop has received cutting kits for “Coral” blouses, the start of sewing work for which is scheduled for 07/05/2018 in the production program.

Step 5.They control the movement of cut packs across workplaces and keep records of the volume of work performed.

To accompany cut packs to workplaces and record the output of workers in sewing shops, sheets of accounting of workers' output linked to route sheets are used. The statements are issued in the cutting shop according to the details of the route sheets in one copy. Cut picker fills out all the details of the statement:

• route sheet numbers;
• model number;
• sizes and serial numbers of products;
• number of units of products.

Production accounting sheets along with the cut are sent to the sewing shop. Cutting lady checks the correctness of filling out the sheets and the number of products, puts the packs on racks according to processing groups, putting a sheet of the corresponding group into each pack of parts.

The cut picker delivers the cut packs along with the sheets to the workplace. The worker, having processed the cut pack, puts down a personnel number under the number of his operation, indicates the number of processed products and the date.

The foreman checks the correctness of filling out the statements, selects the statements in the order of the route sheets and transfers them to the accounting department for payroll calculation.

Let's consider Workers' output record sheet No. 14/3 dated 07/05/2018, which refers to Route Sheet No. 14. Depending on the urgency of the work, the number of products in the pack and the qualifications of the workers, one pack can be taken into work by two or more workers. Then each worker, opposite his assigned operation, indicates the quantity completed (operations 33 and 35).

Workers are notified in advance about securing an operation when launching and building a flow for a new model (operation number, content of work, time standard, piece rate, assigned equipment, required equipment). Operations are usually standard, and a number of products differ in color and fittings. In such cases, the complete contents of the transactions are not written in the statements, only the number is indicated. This makes it easier for workers to fill out the forms.

Statements are important not only for calculating piecework wages. The production accounting sheet will be received by the economic service only after the last operation in a batch has been completed (often this is product packaging). The operational Summary about work in progress from the master of the sewing workshop. If necessary, the Summary indicates the numbers of packs and route sheets. The master generates a summary based on statements and the actual calculation of packs for jobs.

Let's consider several production situations based on Reports from 07/11/2018.

Production situation no. 1

It is necessary to find out whether the workshop will be able to deliver the Citrus blouses to the warehouse on time.

• how many products are in each process operation (information is taken from the Summary dated July 11, 2018);
• time standards for performing each operation (according to the technical process, see Step 1);
• crew/shift size. It is optimal to check the “live” number with the foreman, and not rely on the staff, since workers can go on vacation or sick leave.

The calculation begins with the table. 2.

Similar calculations are performed for all models that are being launched. The required working time to complete the work is: “Coral” blouses – 250 hours, “Cherry” blouses – 963 hours.

According to the production program, final delivery of “Citrus” blouses is scheduled for July 15, and “Coral” blouses for July 13. These are the two priority tasks that need to be completed. At the same time, the “Cherry” blouse remains in work (its delivery is scheduled for a later date; we do not take this model into account in this calculation). The required working time is 738.2 h (488,2 + 250).

Stream No. 2 of the sewing workshop works in two shifts, with 12 workers in each shift. The regime is five days. This means there are three working days left (July 11, 12 and 13). The time fund will be 576 h ( 12 × 2 × 3 × 8). Not enough time. If you organize a day off (Saturday, July 14), then the available time will increase to 768 h(12 × 2 × 4 × 8). The difference between the necessary and available funds is insignificant - 29.8 hours (768 - 738.2). The workers will not find themselves idle; after completing the operation on two urgent models, they will return to sewing “Cherry” blouses.

Conclusion from the calculations: To deliver “Citrus” and “Coral” blouses on time you need:

• organize workers’ exit on days off (act in accordance with labor legislation);
• put off sewing the “Cherry” blouses, which are also in the launch, and put away the “Citrus” and “Coral” blouses first.

Important detail: the situation was viewed in a simplified manner, without taking into account other factors.

Production situation no. 2

At one of the operations there is a large number of packs, so there is a threat of delays in delivery of products. The bottleneck is operation No. 34 (15 packs, 370 pcs.). Workplace capacity - 50 pcs. per shift, or 100 pcs. per day. In the already agreed three working days (until July 15), the output from the operation will be 300 pieces, and you also need to take into account the “Coral” blouse, the deadline for which is July 13.

The following measures are being taken to resolve the situation:

• organize an additional worker for operation No. 34;
• transfer part of the packets to perform operation No. 34 to thread No. 1 (provided that such an organizational decision will not disrupt the work of another thread).

Step 6.Organize the issuance and control of the consumption of accessories.

The distribution of accessories to sewing shops is organized according to Fence map on the amount of cutting received by the workshop according to established consumption standards. The intake map for each model is issued in two copies by the planning department based on consumption standards. One copy - to the warehouse, the second - to the sewing workshop.

When issuing accessories, an entry is made in both copies of the fence cards. The acceptance and transfer of material assets is confirmed by the signatures of representatives of the receiving workshop and warehouse. Additional issuance or replacement of accessories is carried out with the written permission of the technical director of the company for requirements-invoices.

Fence cards are closed at the end of the reporting period (decade, month) and transferred to the accounting department for checking and accounting for fittings. The fence card must indicate:

• recipient workshop;
• date of discharge and intake card number;
• the digital value of the limit, how many products the limit is calculated for;
• detailed information about products.

The maximum quantity of accessories that can be released from the warehouse is indicated in the “Limit” column. The document is signed by the head of the department that sets the limit, and the financially responsible persons of the departments of the receiving workshop and warehouse. At the end of the month, the supply of accessories is summed up. The total number of material assets issued is calculated and returns are subtracted from them.

Let's consider Fence card for receiving accessories No. 83 dated 07/01/2018.

Fence card No. 83 is issued based on 800 units of finished products. The limits are indicated taking into account the percentage of technological losses. For example, a branded label - 820 pcs. Deviation from the limit is allowed only in a smaller direction. The finishing tape was delivered in the amount of 365 m instead of 370, since it was the remainder of the roll.

For accounting and control of fittings, they are kept. Based on Fence Card No. 83, the receipt of material assets by the workshop is reflected in columns 7 and 8, the return to the warehouse is reflected in columns 21 and 22.

The column “Write-off of costs for the cost of finished products” reflects the fittings and materials included in the cost of manufactured products. In columns 15 and 17, compliance with standards is checked.

The material balance reflects all types of movement that can occur in a sewing workshop. This can be transfer between threads to speed up the delivery of the model (columns 9, 10, 21, 22), inventory surpluses and shortages (columns 11, 12, 19, 20).

Arshin LLC

Material production balance for fittings

For the period: 01.07-31.07.2018

Product: Blouse “Mango” 12-183

Division: Sewing shop/Stream No. 2

Head of PEO Suvorov E. S. Suvorova

Monitoring the material balance will allow you to take the following operational response measures:

• organize a revision of the standards. For example, for the indicated 800 pcs. For “Mango” blouses, the finishing tape was written off as a cost price that was less than normal (336 m). Based on the results of the inventory, surpluses were identified and taken into account. Such facts indicate excessive standards and the need to urgently check them;
• organize work with material leftovers after completion of sewing the entire planned batch. For example, finishing threads and tape are sent to a warehouse because their color is not suitable for other manufactured products. Packages and labels are redirected to the products that are being sewn (Cherry blouse);
• organize work to improve the safety of material assets. During the reporting period, the zipper and trempel were written off due to the presence of defects. They check the organization of work at workplaces, provide additional carts and racks for accessories and finished products. You should also pay attention to a significant shortage: zipper - 60 pcs. It is important to exclude theft and sewing of unaccounted products.

Step 7They control the delivery of finished products, compliance with launch and production volumes.

As already indicated in Step 3, finished products are delivered to the warehouse according to the second section of the route sheet. It is advisable to organize according to route sheets to control production volumes. According to the route sheets, indicate the quantity of products that are planned to be received from the cut kits (column 5), and the number of products actually delivered to the warehouse (column 9).

In some cases, defective products may be detected already in the warehouse. Then the finished product is returned to the workshop for further processing. The delivery of corrected products to the warehouse is reflected in accounting twice (columns 7 and 9). Net delivery to the warehouse, that is, delivery minus returns for correction of defects, is reflected in column 10.

For some models, final defects cannot be avoided (for example, in silk products). Defects are reflected in column 11. In the reporting month, 24 units were written off using the Citrus model. As a rule, when drawing up a production program, they take into account probable irreparable defects and organize the launch in a larger quantity than needs to be transferred to the customer.

When organizing production and launching products, even experienced technologists and economists do not always manage to foresee all production factors. To promptly adjust the volume of work and meet delivery deadlines when the plan falls behind, part of the work is transferred from one stream (workshop, team, branch) to another. This movement of the cut in the production balance is entered in column 6. For the “Citrus” blouse in July, a cut was received from stream No. 1 in the amount of 270 units.

Compare the delivery to the warehouse (column 10) with the release program (Step 1). There are no deviations for the “Mango” and “Coral” blouses; the program has been completed. Blouse " Citrus": plan - 1700 units, 1650 units delivered to the warehouse. Find out and eliminate the cause. There could have been an error in the documents by 50 units.

Blouse " Cherry": significant violation of the program of 600 units. With a plan of 2000 units. 1400 units were delivered to the warehouse. They evaluate the percentage of readiness and determine how many working days are needed to enter the plan (see Step 5). They are taking measures to adjust the August production program taking into account the shortfall in July.

Arshin LLC

Production balance for the accounting object - cut/finished products

For the period: 01.07-31.07.2018

Division: sewing shop

Head of PEO Suvorov E. S. Suvorova

Typical reasons for failure to fulfill the production program in sewing shops:

• the technological process is not debugged;
• incorrect rationing, impossible plan;
• outdated equipment, when there is a bottleneck in the form of one machine for the entire flow, and the slightest slowdown in this place leads to missed deadlines;
• shortages of accessories;
• absence of an authorized person to accept from the customer (when sewing under contract manufacturing conditions);
• absence of workers due to sick leave;
• lack of qualified workers, understaffing (often due to low wages and high requirements for the quality of tailoring and production volumes).

In the production balance, control is carried out enlarged - according to models. In practice, there are always many factors to consider. To prevent delays, they organize control of sewing in batches.

IN Pack accounting card enter data on the number of packs received in the sewing workshop. Taking into account the duration of the production cycle, the date of delivery to the warehouse is calculated. Upon actual delivery of products to the warehouse, a mark is also made on the card.

Arshin LLC

From Card No. 7 it is clear that only pack No. 21 was handed in on time, the rest are handed in behind schedule. Assess how critical it is to meet deadlines.

Pack No. 27 has not been delivered to the warehouse, while the packs that arrived at the workshop later have already been sewn. They find out at which operation the problematic pack is located and take measures to speed up the work.

Often delivery is delayed due to defects, incorrect prioritization, and lack of control on the part of the master. If the reason is defective, then they will promptly organize the fitting of the required number of parts, using for this purpose the Certificate for Fitting of Rejected Parts.

To eliminate violations of sewing deadlines, optimize the production cycle and increase the consistency of work flow productivity, the following measures are taken:

• change the duration of an operation by transferring part of it to previous or subsequent operations;
• use parallel inclusion of workplaces, introduce additional workplaces for the operation;
• replace equipment, improve the organization of labor during operations to reduce its time;
• distribute workers to jobs in accordance with the requirements for productivity and individual adaptability of the worker;
• each operation is assigned a specific workplace, but not a worker (workers can perform any work in the flow);
• production is taken into account using tear-off coupons attached to the pack of parts;
• at each workplace they create optimal conditions for efficient work, provide rational office equipment (reel holders), planes for extending the lid of an industrial table, etc.;
• when staffing operations, an important organizational role is assigned to workshop foremen, who must quickly regulate the situation taking into account numerous factors; enter performance indicators for the master;
• To quickly reflect production data in accounting, they organize an automated workstation for the foreman and dispatcher, and use barcoding in route sheets.

LET'S SUM IT UP

1. Reliable, complete and operational production accounting is a necessary part of all organizational work from launch to product release. In a sewing workshop, it is necessary to control the timing and volume of product delivery, avoid bottlenecks, and respond correctly to deviations.
2. Setting up production accounting requires professionalism. It is important to follow three main rules:

• ensure order in production - the presence of a technical process, numbering of storage locations, orderly placement of packs, diligence of craftsmen, exclusion of theft, etc.;
• develop requirements and debug primary document flow (route sheets, production sheets, fence maps);
• Based on the “primary” data, grouping documents, material balances, thematic summaries are formed, and indicators are analyzed.

These rules are valid for any form of accounting organization - manual, in Excel or an industry accounting program with wide functionality.

Sewing clothing and other textile products will always find its own market. Sewing production is a profitable enterprise, but subject to knowledge of the specifics of the industry. The ideal option is when the business owner has experience in sewing and knows all the nuances of this process.

The clothing business began to develop rapidly, the main thing is to find your direction from the many options. With the rise in the dollar exchange rate, high-quality imported clothing becomes inaccessible to most of the population. This is a reason to open your own business and provide customers with domestically made clothes.

How to open a clothing production from scratch: business plan, organizational aspects and practical advice.

Market research

It is important to choose the right direction of production and target audience. To do this you need to conduct a market analysis:

• search for in-demand products;
• research of customer expectations for price and quality.

You need to find a free niche that is not represented or poorly developed in your region.

Product range

When starting a sewing business from scratch, you need to find products that can be produced quickly and at the lowest cost. Recently, domestic workshops have been producing outerwear (jackets and coats), dresses and other types of clothing at a competitive price.

What you can sew:

• clothing for adults;
• children's and teenagers' clothing;
• bed linen, etc.

Note! The smaller the range of accessories, the cheaper the product, so to start, you should start with products without expensive accessories. Stylish dresses, skirts, cardigans and other women's products, as well as children's clothing, are in great demand.

Having found a marketable product, you can produce large quantities, which is much cheaper in cost. Large firms tend to focus on tailoring narrow profiles. You should never save on fabrics - they will stop purchasing low-quality goods and production will suffer losses.

Place for a sewing workshop

It is best to open a clothing production not within the city, but on the outskirts. The reasons for this location are cheap labor and rent of premises.

Characteristics of the workshop premises:

• area from 35 m2;
• availability of light, heating and ventilation;
• availability of natural light.

It is necessary that workers can get to the place of production, which means the presence of a convenient transport interchange.

Renting premises for a workshop costs an average of 15 thousand rubles per month.

Business registration

The organization of clothing production begins with visiting authorities and collecting the necessary documents.

How to start a sewing business from scratch:

• Registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC and obtaining an extract from the Unified State Legal Entity. The second will require the presence of authorized capital or money in a bank account, as well as statutory documents.
• Registration with the tax authorities and selection of OKVED: 18.2 (production of textile clothing and clothing accessories).
• The choice of taxation system: UTII or simplified tax system.
• Registration with the Pension Fund.
• Concluding a rental agreement for premises.
• Conclusion on compliance from the SES and State Fire Inspectorate.

Equipment and equipment

Sewing production is a business that requires specific equipment. The capabilities of the enterprise, namely the number of copies of the product per day, depend on its quality and functionality.

To launch a small sewing workshop with 40-50 models per day, you need to purchase the following set of equipment:

Table. Set of necessary equipment

A new set of equipment costs from 900 thousand rubles. For a mini-workshop from scratch for 8-10 people, it is reasonable to start with used equipment, which can be bought for 300 thousand rubles. It all depends on the chosen brand of equipment - the price range for one unit of equipment is from 7 to 70 thousand rubles or more.

You also need to purchase other equipment:

• furniture and tables;
• lighting;
• air conditioning equipment;
• equipment for the room (corner) of the fashion designer;
• equipment for the manager.

In total, about 150 thousand rubles are needed.

Staff

To directly work with sewing equipment, you will need at least 7 seamstress workers. They must have work experience and special education. It is most advisable to hire 2 top-class specialists and 5 beginners. Salaries should depend on output.

To create patterns with gradations in size, you need a fashion designer. This is a valuable employee, so he must have a lot of experience.

Sewing shop staff:

• seamstresses – 7 people;
• fashion designer;
• manager;
• accountant;
• cleaning woman.

The total staff is 11 people with a payroll of 140 thousand rubles (plus tax of 52.5 thousand rubles). The owner of the company takes the place of director, but with development it is necessary to hire an employee for this position.

Advertising

In such a case, you need to establish personal contacts with wholesalers, sellers of clothing markets and stores. To do this, the company needs a manager to negotiate with clients.

It is important to listen to the wishes of potential sellers of your products. They can suggest win-win options that will definitely be in demand.

You need to create your own website with galleries and prices of your company's products. Recently, online trading has gained significant momentum. Wholesale buyers will be able to view products online and place an order. Be sure to plan a budget for advertising your site on Internet resources.

Business plan for clothing production

To successfully start any business project, you need a pragmatic calculation in the form of a business plan.

Capital investments:

• Registration – 10 thousand rubles.
• Sewing equipment – ​​300 thousand rubles.
• Furniture and repairs – 150 thousand rubles.
• Materials and fittings – 60 thousand rubles.

Total: 520 thousand rubles

The planned sewing is 45 models per day, at an average price of 360 rubles.

Table. Summary table of expenses and income (averages)

Table. Calculation of profitability and payback

It should be taken into account that production will not reach such speeds immediately, so the payback period needs to be adjusted for 3-4 months. Profitability by 50% depends on the ability to find high-quality materials and accessories at a good price, successful models and a sales market.

Business plan

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What is good about a business plan for clothing production? Of course, because, having used it, you can immediately start creating for the benefit of your own enterprise. Moreover, this can be either sewing curtains or creating fashionable clothes and linen. The production of socks is characterized by a good return on investment, which will also not be difficult to organize, guided by this plan. Everything in it is thought out, calculated and laid out clearly and specifically.

When purchasing a business plan for organizing clothing production, you don’t have to fear much competition. This direction has just begun to actively develop in our country and will definitely not lose popularity. Most consumers are interested in purchasing high-quality textile products, well-tailored bed linen and any other items and accessories. That is why there have been and will be orders from such workshops.

The optimal business plan for creating a sewing enterprise will provide you with the opportunity to see the stages of its formation, assess the risks and prospects. Whether it will be a large garment factory with a range of services or a small atelier is up to you to decide. This largely depends on the initial capital, a well-thought-out strategy, and also on your enthusiasm and passion for the business.

By studying the information on opening a sewing production on our website, you will immediately receive a working manual, where everything has already been thought out and calculated. You will only need to plan where your knitwear production or workshop or atelier will be located, how many people will work there. High-quality and fast tailoring is always in demand, which means your idea is simply doomed to success!

Starting your own business in the clothing industry is not only labor-intensive, but also quite expensive. Most of the costs will be on renting suitable premises (its size depends on the scale of the business), as well as on the purchase of special equipment. Competition in this type of business is quite high; many enterprises are engaged in sewing bed linen, curtains, men's and women's clothing, knitwear, etc. When choosing sewing business options for yourself, proceed, first of all, from financial capabilities, as well as demand for a specific type of product.

Depending on what you will specialize in, the type of equipment that you will need to equip your sewing production will also depend. The main type of sewing equipment is industrial sewing machines. If you are planning to open a small sewing workshop at first, then 8-10 pieces of equipment will be enough. The larger the production volumes, the more industrial sewing machines you will need. In addition, the necessary equipment includes cutting machines, installations for wet-heat treatment, etc. And to produce specialized garments, you need to purchase additional equipment.

Sewing equipment is very expensive, so you should clearly determine how many sewing and cutting machines, WTO installations and other types of sewing equipment you will need. In addition, it is necessary to correctly design their installation, taking into account the lighting of sewing workshops. The performance of seamstresses directly depends on how comfortable the environment in the sewing workshop is. Agree, it is difficult to expect greater productivity if workers are working in a poorly lit room, literally sitting on each other’s heads. Don’t forget about organizing jobs in educational sewing workshops if you plan to develop your own workforce rather than look for experienced seamstresses on the side.

If you are opening a small workshop, then purchasing used machines would be appropriate. But pay attention to the sample contract when purchasing such equipment for a sewing workshop; the low cost of the product may be due to the fact that it was made in China or Korea. If these are ordinary universal sewing machines, it’s okay. As for sewing equipment such as a pleated machine or steam equipment for a sewing workshop, it is better to give preference to more reputable manufacturers - for example, Germany.

A professional example of a business plan for opening a sewing production with ready-made calculations will allow beginners and experienced businessmen to pay attention to the most important aspects of organizing a sewing workshop. From it you will learn what the main functions of the preparatory workshop at a garment factory are and the features of wet-heat treatment technology in garment production. What is the first operation of a sewing shop and why is it so important? You will also find this and other significant information in this document, which will greatly facilitate the process of creating your own business.

Having decided to organize your own business - sewing production - you should determine in advance the ways of selling finished products, regardless of what you plan to specialize in - clothing for newborns, bed linen or knitwear. There are three main implementation options - markets, stores and your own retail network. Before opening your own sewing shop or workshop, carefully consider which of the proposed options is closer to you.

Of course, sales through your own retail network are possible only if the businessman is planning a large-scale project - opening a garment factory. For small businesses, this option is unacceptable. In this case, entrepreneurs have to choose between clothing markets and small retail stores. Each of these options for marketing finished products has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, when working with department stores, you can set fairly high prices for your products, but you will receive money only after selling your goods. Market traders pay immediately, but they can only be attracted by low prices. They will not purchase expensive goods, as they are accustomed to setting a markup reaching up to 100%.

Russian light industry products are in increasing demand, as domestic consumers are no longer satisfied with low-quality goods made in Turkey and China. The market is saturated with clothes, bed linen, and knitwear produced by the hands of hardworking Eastern brothers, but their low price does not always compensate for the lack of quality. A businessman planning to open his own sewing enterprise or factory should take this factor into account and ensure high quality products, combined with affordable prices.

But first of all, when organizing a sewing workshop, you need to decide on the type of products that will be produced in your workshop. What can be made in the sewing business? There are the following product groups: children's and adult clothing, household products (curtains, tablecloths, bed linen, etc.), as well as workwear. The production of each group of goods has its own characteristics. As the experience of organizing a business such as clothing production, a sewing workshop shows, sewing workwear involves searching for large wholesalers. Launching mass production of everyday garments requires a large market.

If you want your first steps in the sewing industry to be confident and taken in the right direction, you must, when opening your own business, be sure to rely on a competent example of a business plan for a sewing workshop for the production and sewing of bed linen. It contains a description of all types of activities of a sewing enterprise and provides explanations for each stage of organizing a sewing workshop. This document takes into account everything down to the smallest detail. And all this to ensure that your business does not stall at the very first stages of development.

Organizing a profitable sewing business - a workshop for sewing clothes, linen, knitwear - begins with financial investments in it, sometimes very substantial ones. It is very important to calculate in advance how much money will be required not only for the creation, but also for the initial development of your business, so that it does not stop halfway due to lack of funds.

The amount of costs for opening your own business - a sewing production, a workshop from scratch - depends on how large-scale the event you are planning. A small sewing workshop, whose capacity will be no more than 30-50 items daily, will undoubtedly require small expenses. Renting a space for a mini-sewing workshop will not cost much, and the total cost of creating a business is unlikely to exceed 10-15 thousand dollars.

But if your appetites are much larger, and you expect to open not just a sewing workshop, but a real factory, get ready for the fact that you will need at least 150 thousand dollars, and this may not be the end of it. Of course, you can start small with the expectation that you will subsequently constantly increase production volumes. In any case, all intermediate calculations must be made in advance so as not to get into trouble later.

Sewing production requires fairly spacious space, and rent for premises usually constitutes a significant cost item in the budget. Some businessmen save on this by employing homeworkers who fulfill the production plan while working at home. But saving on renting premises is not always advisable, since in this case transportation and other costs increase. Organizing the work of teams at a sewing enterprise is much simpler, despite the high rent. Depending on the region, it can range from 0.5 to 3 dollars per 1 sq. m. m monthly. For a team of 10 seamstresses to work, an area of ​​at least 100 square meters will be required. m.

Another significant expense item is the purchase of special equipment. The most expensive equipment is industrial sewing machines, installations for wet-heat treatment, and cutting machines. The package of documents for opening a sewing workshop must include a project that describes in detail the arrangement of equipment in the workshop, taking into account its lighting. The development of such a document usually costs about 2 thousand dollars.

Remuneration in the sewing workshop is carried out by agreement, and the salary varies significantly depending on the experience and qualifications of the staff. You can learn more about the various costs of creating a clothing production by studying a competent business plan for a clothing factory. From it you will learn how to officially register clothing production, how to correctly draw up and maintain accounting documents in the clothing business. This document describes the target market of the clothing company and explains the work of the accounting department in the clothing company. You should not look for answers about the work of a sewing workshop on business forums, because all the information has already been collected for you by professionals in a business plan.

How to organize a sewing business - a detailed production business plan, determine the profitability of opening + 7 sections of the business plan + 4 potential risks.

Opening costs: from 610,000 rubles.
Payback period: 12-18 months.

Before you think about how to open a sewing business, you need to understand that without the necessary knowledge there is nothing to do in this area.

The fact is that many experienced tailors are moving from working at home to opening a private workshop, and competition is increasing significantly every year.

Small ateliers should not be taken into account as competitors, since they do not sew on such a scale, but only to order.

When opening a sewing business, it is worth choosing a specific direction in which to work, something relevant.

If the area of ​​work being performed is scattered, the quality of the products produced may decrease.

In order for the business to be sufficiently relevant, you can work in the following areas:

• sewing children's clothing (children's clothes are always more expensive than adults, and you have to buy them much more often, since children grow quickly);
• tailoring of fur and leather products (can be sold significantly above cost);
• tailoring of costumes for wedding ceremonies;
• sewing outerwear (coats, raincoats, jackets);
• sports paraphernalia (tailoring personalized sports suits, sewing team uniforms).

Detailed business plan for sewing production

First of all, you need to draw up a sensible business plan for sewing production in order not to miss important aspects of the organization and indicate the sequence of actions.

For example, if you order from another city, you will only have to pay for delivery.

But if from another country, then there is also an import tax.

Required staff

The main means of operation of this production are employees.

In order to sew high-quality products, you need experience and knowledge, and even better, a diploma in this specialty.

In order to save money, you can hire several employees with extensive experience and appoint them as senior staff.

Others may be less experienced but learn as they go.

This should not affect the quality of the product in any way.

To motivate employees to work more productively, and seamstresses of the first category to contribute to the training of less experienced ones, in addition to the rate, you can pay a percentage of the profit (if the monthly plan is fulfilled).

Calculation of personnel costs:

How to find clients in the clothing business?

As mentioned above, without advertising many clients in the clothing business cannot be found.

However, nothing will say about the company as well as a job well done.

Therefore, you always need to monitor quality.

You need to search for clients long before work begins.

The sooner orders begin to be fulfilled, the sooner the business will break even and begin to make a profit.

This is done before hiring people, purchasing equipment and renting premises.

Start with small supplies, and as demand increases, scale up your business and conquer new markets for selling your products.

Monitor the quality of the produced goods, provide better conditions than competitors.

This will help you earn a name in the market, thereby gaining a firm foothold in the clothing industry.

Sales of products

Another important fact is the sales of products, after all. The greater the volume of goods supplied, the greater the profit.

Nowadays, more and more people go shopping online.

Using this, you need to make your own website or sell products using.

If your business is just growing and you don’t have your own boutique yet, then you can open a point on the market.

You can also agree on the supply of goods to stores, thereby expanding the range of places for selling products.

The store, in turn, will make a profit from increasing the price of the product.

Calculation of advertising costs

General calculation of the cost of starting a sewing business

Profitability of opening a clothing production

The payback period for a sewing business will be no less than a year or a year and a half.

Because it takes time for a business to develop.

Time to establish wholesale sales, speed of production, and perhaps even expand its scale.

With all this, the business has a good, even high profitability, which is equal to 60% (of course, subject to the prosperity of the business).

It is also worth considering the scale of production: a small workshop will pay for itself faster, but a larger enterprise will bring greater profits.

A young woman entrepreneur shares her experience of opening and running a sewing business in the video:

Possible risks when starting a sewing business

In any business there are a number of factors that can make it unprofitable, and maybe even unprofitable.

• A long payback period can lead to a lack of funds.
• The lack of clients will lead to operating at a loss.
• Lack of skilled workers in the market.
• The cost of materials, when ordering abroad, will fluctuate along with the currency.

In order to sewing business brought a decent income and quickly paid for itself, all possible risks should be eliminated in advance.

Or, at least, prepare to minimize the negative consequences.

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