Presentation for Yesenin's anniversary for elementary school. Presentation on the topic Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin
- Presentation for an extracurricular event dedicated to the work of S. Yesenin
- Primary school teacher
- Pavlova Tatyana Viktorovna
- Saint Petersburg
- year 2012
- Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin
- (October 3, 1895 – December 28, 1925)
- Sergei Yesenin was born on October 3 (September 21), 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, into a wealthy peasant family. His father, Alexander Nikitich, left the peasant class, moved to Moscow and became a merchant's clerk. Mother, Tatyana Fedorovna Titova, also went to the city to earn money. The boy was raised by his grandfather Fyodor Andreevich Titov. In 1904, Yesenin was sent to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, which he graduated in 1909 with a certificate of merit, and then was sent to a closed church-teacher school in the large trading village of Spas-Klepiki. It was at school that Yesenin’s first poetic experiments appeared.
- Parents of Sergei Yesenin -
- Alexander Nikitich and Tatyana Fedorovna
- The house of Nikita Osipovich Yesenin, the poet’s grandfather, where S.A. Yesenin was born
- Oak table with table lamp
- family photos
- icons
- Viennese chairs
- mirror, samovar
- things from S. Yesenin's mother on a wooden hanger
- small shabby chest
- In the upper room on the wall are family photographs, a certificate of merit, which was awarded to Sergei Yesenin in 1909 upon graduating from a local four-year school.
- On the wall there is an old clock from the famous watch company - "Gabyu".
- The poet wrote about them: "Soon, soon the wooden clock will wheeze my twelfth hour!”
- Konstantinovskaya Zemstvo Primary School
- slate writing board
- textbooks, reading materials, visual teaching aids
- Anna Izryadnova
- The first publication of Yesenin's poems appeared in early 1914.
- in the magazine "Mirok". In the spring of 1915, Yesenin left his wife and son and moved to Petrograd, where, as he believed, there were more opportunities to achieve recognition. In Petrograd, the young poet quickly broke into the literary elite: he met A. Blok,
- Z. Gippius and D. Merezhkovsky, went to Tsarskoe Selo to Akhmatova and Gumilyov, with a letter of recommendation from Blok went to S. Gorodetsky, met S. Klychkov, wrote a letter himself, and then in the fall met N. Klyuev, who was very helpful influence on Yesenin’s early work. Literary salons began to open for Yesenin, his poems were published in “Northern Notes”, “Russian Thought”, “Monthly Magazine”.
- Soon after this, Yesenin’s first book of poems, “Radunitsa,” was published (later republished in 1918 and 1921). And already in the spring he was invited to read poetry by the Empress. The poet’s “court” story ended with him successfully avoiding the front and, apparently, “making very important connections” that turned out to be so inopportune during the days of the revolution
- Even in his early youthful poems (in the collection “Radunitsa”) the author appears to us as a fiery patriot. Thus, in the poem “Go away, my dear Rus'!”, written in the style of a Russian folk song, the poet shouts to the whole country:
- “If the Holy Army shouts:
- “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!”
- I will say: “There is no need for heaven,
- Give me my homeland!”
- Yesenin’s homeland is the village of Konstantinovo, where he was born, in the immediate vicinity of the village. “The Ryazan fields were my country,” he later recalled. In his soul there is still no idea of \u200b\u200bthe fatherland as a social, political, cultural environment. His sense of homeland finds expression in him so far only in love for his native nature.
- But even then the homeland does not appear to him as an idyllic “transcendental paradise.” The poet loves the real peasant Rus' on the eve of October. In his poems we find such expressive details that speak of the hard life of the peasants, such as “worried huts”, “lean fields”, “black, then smelling howl” and others.
- On the pages of Yesenin’s early lyrics we see a modest, but beautiful, majestic and dear to the poet’s heart landscape of the Central Russian strip: compressed fields, a red-yellow fire of an autumn grove, the mirror surface of lakes. The poet feels like a part of his native nature and is ready to merge with it forever: “I would like to get lost in the greenery of your hundred-bellied greenery.”
- Elements of sociality increasingly appear in the poet’s lyrics during World War I: his heroes are a child asking for a piece of bread; plowmen going to war; a girl waiting from the front for her beloved. “Sad song, you are Russian pain!” - exclaims the poet.
- The renewal of the village appears to the poet as an invasion of a hostile, “bad”, “iron guest”, against whom the nature opposed to him is defenseless. And Yesenin feels like “the last poet of the village.” He believes that man, transforming the earth, necessarily destroys its beauty. A unique expression of this view of a new life was a foal trying in vain to overtake a steam locomotive:
- “Dear, dear, funny fool,
- But where is he, where is he going?
- Doesn't he really know that live horses
- Did the steel cavalry win?
- “No other homeland will pour my warmth into my chest.” Admiring the “blue homeland of Ferdowsi,” he does not forget for a minute that “no matter how beautiful Shiraz is, it is no better than the expanses of Ryazan.”
- Admiration for the beauty of the native land, a depiction of the hard life of the people, the dream of a “peasant paradise”, rejection of urban civilization and the desire to comprehend “Soviet Rus'”, a feeling of international unity with every inhabitant of the planet and the “love for the native land” remaining in the heart - this is the evolution of the theme of the native lands in Yesenin's lyrics.
- He sang joyfully, selflessly, sublimely and purely about Great Rus', a sixth of the earth:
- "I will chant
- With the whole being in the poet
- Sixth of the land
- With a short name “Rus!”
- Sergei Yesenin and Isadora Duncan
- An event in Yesenin’s life was a meeting with the American dancer Isadora Duncan (autumn 1921), who six months later became his wife. A joint trip to Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and America (May 1922 - August 1923), accompanied by noisy scandals and Yesenin’s shocking antics, revealed their “mutual understanding,” aggravated by the literal lack of a common language (Yesenin did not speak foreign languages, Isadora learned several dozen Russian words). Upon returning to Russia they separated.
- Once again Yesenin is trying to start a family life, but his union with S. A. Tolstoy (granddaughter of L. N. Tolstoy) was not happy. At the end of November 1925, exhausted by wandering and bivouac life, the poet ended up in a psychoneurological clinic.
- One of his last works was the poem “The Black Man” (“My friend, my friend, I am very, very sick...”), in which the past life appears as part of a nightmare.
- After interrupting the course of treatment,
- On December 23, Yesenin went to Leningrad, where on the night of December 28, in a state of deep mental depression, he committed suicide at the Angleterre Hotel.
3. He studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemsky School, then graduated from the Spas-Klepikovsky school, where rural teachers were trained. After graduation, he lived in the village for another year.
4. At the age of 17 he left for the Russian capital, where he worked for a merchant as a proofreader in an office; took part in the Surikov literary and musical circle, still continuing to write poetry.
5. In 1912 he entered the historical and philosophical department of the A. Shanyavsky People's University.
6. At the beginning of 1914, he began publishing his poetry in Moscow magazines.
7. In 1915, Sergei Yesenin went to live in St. Petersburg (then Petrograd) and almost immediately met Blok, in whose house he found a warm welcome and approval of his poetry. The poet’s talent is recognized by Klyuev and Gorodetsky, with whom Blok introduces him.
8. Almost all the lyrics brought by the poet are printed in Moscow, which immediately become loved by many. Since 1916, Yesenin’s first book, “Radunitsa,” was published, then (from 1914 to 1917) “Dove,” “Martha the Posadnitsa” and others.
9. Since 1916, Sergei Yesenin has been conscripted for military service, from where he subsequently leaves without permission, and works with the Socialist Revolutionaries as a “poet.” At the time of the revolution, he was in a disciplinary battalion, where he ended up because he refused to write a poem for the Tsar. During the split of the party, he joined the left group and was among their fighting squad.
10. I accepted the onset of the peasant revolution with all joy. From 1918 to 21, he traveled a lot across the expanses of the country, visiting Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, the Caucasus, Crimea, Bessarabia, and Turkestan.
11. In 1922-23, he went on a trip to Europe (France, Belgium, Italy, Germany) with his beloved, the famous American dancer Isadora Duncan; lived in the USA for four months.
12. Sergei Yesenin’s poetry is full of ardent love for his native land, for people and nature, but his lyrics sometimes contain notes of sadness and disappointment, because the poet later regretted supporting the revolution. In 1924-25, such famous poems as “Persian Motifs”, “Departing Rus'”, “Letter to Mother” were written. Shortly before his death, he writes one of his most famous creations: the tragic poem “The Black Man”.
13. The life of Sergei Yesenin ends tragically. According to the official version of the authorities, he committed suicide (the tragedy occurred in the Petrograd Angleterre Hotel). But many believe that the Soviet authorities committed reprisals against the poet. The poet was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
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Slide captions:
S.A. Yesenin was born in the Ryazan province into a peasant family. From 1904 to 1912 he studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School and at the Spas-Klepikovsky School. Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School S. Yesenin 1913-14
Since August 1912 he has lived in Moscow, working in a shop, then in Sytin’s printing house. He studied at the historical and philosophical department of Moscow University, but did not graduate. In 1915, Yesenin came to Petrograd, met with Blok, who appreciated the “fresh, pure, vociferous” poems of the “talented peasant poet-nugget”, helped him, introduced him to writers and publishers. S.A. Yesenin Photography. 1916 A A.A. Block
The mother of the poet S. A. Yesenin with sisters Katya and Shura And now, when I close my eyes, I see only my parents’ house... Interior of the house-museum The outskirts of the village of Konstantinovo
S.A. Yesenin and Isadora Duncan S. Yesenin with sister Shura
Epigraph: My lyrics are alive with one great love for the Motherland. The feeling of the Motherland is the main thing in my work. S. Yesenin
“Love has thousands of aspects, and each of them has its own light, its own sadness, its own happiness and its own well-being” K.G. Paustovsky
1. Love for nature “Bird cherry” “Winter is singing and calling...” “The golden foliage is spinning...”
2. Love for your small homeland. “You are my abandoned land...” “This street is familiar to me...” “A low house with blue shutters...”
3. Love for Russia “Go away, my dear Rus'...” “The feather grass is sleeping...”
4. Love for animals “Song of the Dog” “Cow” “Fox”
5. Love for family and friends “Letter to mother.” “I’ve never seen such beautiful ones...”
6. Love for a woman “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes...” “The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake...”
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Slide 1
Slide 2
Childhood Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21 (October 3, BC) in the village of Konstantinov, Ryazan province, into a peasant family. At the age of three, he was given to be raised by his mother’s parents, that is, the Titovs, since the family in which he was born and raised was not, contrary to the poet’s own statement, so simple. The Yesenins were more landless than their fellow villagers. Already the poet’s grandfather, Nikita Osipovich, on that piece of land that he acquired after his marriage (56 sq. arshins!), could not build anything except a hut and a yard for cattle, “he did not manage” to buy a vegetable garden. His son Alexander found himself in an even more difficult situation.
Slide 3
Even in their best pre-war years, the Yesenin family actually lived not on village money, but on city trade money. The butcher shop of merchant Krylov, where Sergei’s father, Alexander Nikitich, worked as a clerk, closed with the advent of Soviet power. The cow and the vegetable garden, there was no horse, served only as a help. There was not even a garden, although the neighbors had gardens that were small but full of fruits. Peasant childhood without your own apples and even without the smell of limp dill is a trauma for life!
Slide 4
The poet's mother Tatyana Fedorovna, a strong and more than down-to-earth woman, was greatly irritated by the restlessness of her good-for-nothing husband, all the more irritated by the fact that she grew up in a family with a different way of life: her brothers were smart, skillful men, and her father was also a distinguished horseman, which has the best horses in the village and excellent harness. The discord between the parents could not but affect the well-being of the younger Yesenins, especially Sergei. Outwardly, he looked like his father, and this similarity, with the difference in aspirations, created the ground for constant “feuds.” With his mother, and precisely because of the difference in natures and characters, it was easier for Yesenin. However, for all his inadequacy, it was the father who chose the fate of the children, and it was the father who got along.
Slide 5
The Titovs lived in another part of the village of Konstantinova - in Matov. Grandfather Fyodor was known throughout the area as a cheerful, intelligent and wayward man. Titov’s sons lived with their own families, and three remained in the house - grandfather, grandmother and grandson Sergei. The old people were religious and adhered to old religious rituals. They were also experts in folk songs and religious folklore. Growing up in an Old Believer, religious family, Sergei, however, was not imbued with faith in God and did not have much interest in church services. From an early age, Yesenin showed a certain independence in his feelings, motives, and attitude towards others, not unconsciously succumbing to external influences, but somehow understanding them in his own way. In addition, the family was not the only school of his upbringing. The village street, friendship with boys, and participation in peasant work left a big mark on his memory. The most picturesque pictures of nature were deeply imprinted for the rest of my life.
Slide 6
Studying From the age of five, Sergei learned to read, and this filled his boyhood life with new content.
Slide 7
Sergei was one of the children who studied with special care and eagerness. The Vlasov spouses taught at the Konstantinovsky School. Lidia Ivanovna says: “The class in which Seryozha studied was taught by my husband (Ivan Matveevich). But he was often absent on school business, and I stayed for him. When he brought new books, Seryozha always came to us - he had already re-read everything at school. Often after lessons, Seryozha stayed and read poetry aloud to his classmates. At school there were books by Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Koltsov, Nikitin.” In May 1909, Yesenin graduated from college with a certificate of commendation “for very good success and excellent behavior.” He received excellent marks in all subjects in his final exams.
Slide 8
In August 1909, it was decided to send Sergei to the Spas-Klepikovsky church and teachers' school. She trained teachers for rural primary schools and parochial schools. Yesenin easily passed the entrance exams and settled in a boarding school at the school. The atmosphere of a closed educational institution with a supervised existence and official order, with the dominance of clergy and church wisdom, weighed heavily on the lively, inquisitive young man. The spiritual demands were already much broader than what the Spas-Klepikovskaya school provided. One day he even ran away from school, going straight, along bumpy snow-covered country roads, home to Konstantinovo, but was taken back by his mother. Sergei continued to study, dreaming, as he later admitted in a letter to his friend, Grisha Panfilov, “to get out of this hell as soon as possible.”
Slide 9
Among the school's teachers were clergy, officials, and executive servants, but there were also people with broad interests who found a way to the hearts of their students. This was the teacher of literature, the old teacher Evgeny Mikhailovich Khitrov, to whom Yesenin showed his poems from the second year of study. The teacher was strict in his assessments: students of all classes brought him poems in heaps, but very rarely did a spark of talent appear in them. At first, he reacted with restraint towards Sergei’s manuscripts, and he knew him very little, since classes in literature and stylistics fell on the third year of the school program. It was in the third grade that Yesenin revealed himself to the teacher as an inquisitive reader and lover of poetry. After many imitative, unremarkable poems on the themes of love and nature, something original and fresh flashed in Yesenin’s manuscripts. It was a small sketch of “Stars”. The teacher approved him. Khitrov advised him to take up literature seriously after graduating from school, to get close to poets, to enter their creative environment. This could only be done by moving to one of the centers of cultural life in the country - St. Petersburg or Moscow.
Slide 10
Creative path In the summer of 1912, Yesenin moved to Moscow, for some time he served in the butcher shop where his father worked. After a conflict with his father, he left the shop and worked in a book publishing house, then in Sytin’s printing house. Like-minded people of the Surikov Literary and Musical Circle arranged for him here, of which he became a member in the same year. In the fall of 1913, Yesenin entered the historical and philosophical faculty of the academic department of the Shanyavsky People's University as a volunteer student. There was a creative literary circle at the university. Yesenin took part in his work. In the spring of 1914, he spoke at a meeting of the circle reading his poems. The members of the circle saw that before them was an extraordinary poet with great creative inclinations.
Slide 11
The children's magazine "Mirok", published in Moscow, had already published four of his poems by that time (his literary debut was the poem "Birch"), and the Bolshevik newspaper "The Path of Truth" accepted his poem "The Blacksmith" for publication.
Slide 12
In the spring of 1915, Sergei Yesenin came to Petrograd, where he met A.A. Blok, who appreciated the “fresh, clean, vociferous,” although “verbose” poems of the “talented peasant poet - a nugget,” helped him, introduced him to writers and publishers. At the beginning of 1916, the first book “Radunitsa” was published, which included poems written by the poet in 1910 - 1915. Here a special Yesenin “anthropomorphism” develops: animals, plants, natural phenomena, etc. are humanized by the poet, forming together with people a harmonious, holistic, beautiful world.
Slide 13
At the beginning of 1918 Yesenin moved to Moscow again. Having met the revolution with enthusiasm, he wrote several short poems (“The Jordanian Dove”, “Inonia”, “Heavenly Drummer”, all 1918, and others), imbued with a joyful anticipation of the “transformation” of life. Yesenin, glorifying the new reality and its heroes, tried to correspond to the times (“Cantata”, 1919). In later years, he wrote “Song of the Great March,” 1924, “Captain of the Earth,” 1925. Reflecting on “where the fate of events is taking us,” the poet turns to history (dramatic poem “Pugachev,” 1921).
Slide 14
Searches in the field of imagery brought the poet closer to A.B. Mariengof, V.G. Shershenevich, R. Ivnev, at the beginning of 1919 they united in a group of imagists. Yesenin becomes a regular at the Pegasus Stable, a literary café of Imagists near the Nikitsky Gate in Moscow. However, the poet only partly shared their platform - the desire to cleanse the form of the “dust of content.” His aesthetic interests are directed to the patriarchal village way of life, folk art - the spiritual fundamental basis of the artistic image (treatise “The Keys of Mary”, 1919).
Slide 15
At the beginning of the 1920s, Yesenin’s poems contain motifs of “a life torn apart by a storm” (in 1920, his marriage to Z.N. Reich, which lasted about three years, broke up), drunken prowess, giving way to hysterical melancholy. The poet appears as a hooligan, a brawler, a drunkard with a bloody soul, hobbling “from den to den,” where he is surrounded by “alien and laughing rabble” (collections “Confession of a Hooligan,” 1921; “Moscow Tavern,” 1924).
Slide 16
After traveling with his wife Isadora Duncan across Europe and America, Yesenin returned to his homeland with joy, a feeling of renewal, and the desire “to be a singer and a citizen... in the great states of the USSR.” During this period, his best lines were created: the poems “The golden grove dissuaded ...”, “Letter to mother”, “Now we are leaving little by little ...”, the cycle “Persian motives”, the poem “Anna Snegina” and others. The main place in the poems is still occupied by the theme of the homeland, which now acquires dramatic shades. The single harmonious world of Yesenin’s Rus' bifurcates: “Soviet Rus'” - “Leaving Rus'.” The motif of the competition between old and new, outlined in the poem “Sorokoust” (1920), has been developed in poems of recent years. Yesenin increasingly feels like a singer of a “golden log hut”, whose poetry “is no longer needed here” (collections “Soviet Rus'”, “Soviet Country”, both 1925).
Slide 17
Yesenin's poetry of the last, most tragic years (1922 -1925) is marked by a desire for a harmonious worldview. Most often in the lyrics one feels a deep understanding of oneself and the Universe (“I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry...”, “The golden grove dissuaded...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, etc.) One of his last works was the poem “Black man" (“My friend, my friend, I am very, very sick...”), in which the past life appears as part of a nightmare. Mental threads are visible that connect “The Black Man” with Yesenin’s previous work: “For my lost soul...”, “I will go away as a vagabond and a thief...”, “There is a lot of evil from joy in murderers...”, “I know that I have lived my life as a drunkard and a thief. I’ll live..."
Slide 18
Love in the life of the poet There were many women who loved him, but there was little love in his life. Yesenin himself explained it this way: “No matter how much I swore mad love to anyone and no matter how much I assured myself of the same, all this is, in essence, a huge and fatal mistake. There is something that I love above all women, above any woman, and that I would not trade for any caresses or any love. This is art…"
Slide 19
Anna Izryadnova Only student Anya, who also served as a proofreader for Sytin, was able to see a real poet in a seventeen-year-old boy who was four years younger than her. Anna became his first woman. Sergei felt like a grown man, a husband. Yesenin’s family life begins in the room they rented near the Serpukhov outpost. Yesenin was in a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova, and she bore him a son. Anna didn’t contradict him and didn’t demand anything from him, she just loved him. Three months after the birth of his son, Yesenin left for Petrograd: either in search of success, or escaped from family happiness. I spent almost a year wandering back and forth. But neither Anya’s love nor the child could hold him back. Helped financially when I could. But soon the capital spun and spun.
Slide 20
Zinaida Reich In one of the villages of the Vologda district, on August 4, 1917, Yesenin’s marriage to Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich was registered. Sergei met her in the early spring of 1917 at the editorial office of the Petrograd newspaper Delo Naroda, where she worked as a secretary-typist. Her parents lived in Orel. The newlyweds spent the last days of August 1917 there. After that, they rented an apartment in St. Petersburg on Liteiny Prospekt. Yesenin and his wife moved to Moscow in March 1918. They settled in a small hotel on Tverskaya; it was uncomfortable and damp there, they lived from hand to mouth, receiving meager food rations, but they worked hard. At the end of May 1918, the Yesenins had a daughter, Tatyana, and almost two years later, a son, Konstantin. But family life was not going well. The poet made terrible scandals and often beat the pregnant Zina. The poet separated from his wife even before the birth of their second child. After the breakup, Zinaida married a friend, director Meyerhold, and became an actress in his theater.
Slide 21
Isadora Duncan In 1921, the famous dancer Isadora Duncan came to Moscow at the invitation of the Soviet government. In the autumn of the same year, Yesenin met her at the artist Yakudov’s apartment. Duncan did not know Russian, but the poet did not know foreign languages, and subsequently they were explained mainly by gestures. Isadora and Sergei quickly became close, and on May 2, 1922 their marriage was registered. Both young people wanted to have a double surname. Duncan was 17 and a half years older than Sergei. Before Yesenin, she was married several times, although it’s hard to call it marriage - Duncan was a supporter of women’s emancipation and free love, and considered marriage to be an obsolete thing. The couple made several trips abroad, including to the USA, and in the fall of 1923 their marriage broke up - it was too “unequal”. In his last letter to Isadora, Yesenin admitted: “I often remember you with all my gratitude to you.” Isadora outlived the poet by two years - her death occurred in the cheerful resort of Nice. Slipping off her shoulder, a long scarf fell into the spoked wheel of the car in which the dancer was sitting, which was picking up speed, wound around the axle and instantly strangled Duncan.
Slide 22
Galina Benislavskaya Benislavskaya first saw Yesenin on September 19, 1920 at an evening at the Polytechnic Museum, where the poet read poetry. Soon Yesenin and Benislavskaya became close. Galina forgot that outstanding poets have loving hearts. At Sergei’s birthday, the American dancer Duncan, having heard Yesenin’s poems, immediately understood the young poet’s extraordinary talent. Without hesitation, she took him to her mansion. After almost a year and a half of traveling abroad, Yesenin no longer lived with the aging and jealous dancer. The poet again came to Benislavskaya’s room. Galina selflessly devoted a lot of time, effort and effort to at least some kind of organization of Sergei’s literary and publishing affairs. Feeling a true friend in her, Yesenin gave her various assignments, entrusted her with manuscripts, money, and negotiations with publishing houses. When Yesenin’s life was cut short, Benislavskaya ended up in a psychiatric clinic. Life has lost its meaning for her. She shot herself near the poet's grave. They buried her next to Sergei Yesenin. The words “Faithful Galya” were inscribed on the monument.
Slide 23
Sophia Tolstaya Not yet divorcing Isadora Duncan, Yesenin stole Sophia from his friend, prose writer Boris Pilnyak. The poet met her in the spring of 1925 at a house party at Benislavskaya’s. In June 1925, Yesenin married Tolstoy and moved into a large, gloomy apartment with her. Sophia loved Yesenin! At a time when some types, drunk and dirty, ate, drank and used Yesenin’s money, Sonya had no new shoes, boots, nothing new, everything was old, being demolished... But the poet himself was not happy in this marriage, and the apartment simply weighed on him. Yesenin wrote sadly to his friend living in Tiflis: “Everything I hoped for and dreamed about is going to waste. Apparently, I won’t be able to settle down in Moscow. Family life is not going well, I want to run away! Where? To the Caucasus!
Slide 24
Fatal days The circumstances of the poet’s life that developed by mid-1925 did little to contribute to the evolution of his spiritual world. The most fruitful period of Yesenin’s literary activity, the joyful, bright days of his life, was replaced by a new, now short-term period of mental crisis. His work again took on the tones of hopeless drama and pessimism. Having broken with Mariengof and left him, Yesenin had no shelter: he spent the night either in the “Pegasus Stable” or with friends. Then he settled with Galina Benislavskaya, who at that time worked as a journalist in the Bednota newspaper. While in the Caucasus, the poet dreamed of how, upon returning to Moscow, he would begin to live in a new way. But in Moscow a lot happened again. People forced themselves on him, constantly insisting that no one needed his lyrics. They knew that it was painful for Yesenin to think that his poems were not needed, and they vied with each other to try to intensify this pain.
Slide 25
By the autumn of 1925, the unsettled, wandering life was complicated by the poet’s physical ill health. His nerves were clearly frayed, and doctors advised him to undergo a two-month course of treatment. On November 26, Yesenin was admitted for treatment to a psychoneurological clinic. He was given a separate room on the second floor. The room was spacious and bright, but the existing order irritated me. Grumbling about these inconveniences, Yesenin, however, not only received treatment, but also worked. Poems were written in the clinic: “You are my fallen maple, you are an icy maple...”, “You don’t love me, you don’t feel sorry for me...”, “Maybe it’s too late, maybe it’s too early...”, “Who am I? What am I? Just a dreamer..." But the poet left the clinic long before the expiration of the allotted time - he was so overcome by the decision to leave Moscow, to dramatically change the situation, to break away from the unnecessary people who were interfering with him. On December 21, Yesenin left the clinic premises allegedly on business (for this reason he was released before) and did not return. On the morning of December 24, the poet arrived in Leningrad. Checked into the Angletterre Hotel. But even here they did not leave him alone. He found himself again in the environment from which he had fled. The news of the poet’s death resonated with grave pain in the hearts of millions of people. It quickly spread throughout the country. The newspapers published portraits of Yesenin in a mourning frame, his farewell poem written in blood (“Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...”), obituaries, memoirs, poems... On December 31, the great Russian poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery. Slide 28
*** Goodbye, my friend, goodbye. My dear, you are in my chest. Destined parting Promises a meeting ahead. Goodbye, my friend, without a hand, without a word, Do not be sad and do not have sad eyebrows, - In this life, dying is not new, But living, of course, is not new. S. Yesenin, 1925
Slide 1
Biography of Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich (1895-1925)
Slide 2
Parents
Sergei Yesenin's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin, was the eldest child in the family. In 1893, eighteen-year-old Alexander Nikitich Yesenin married his fellow villager Tatyana Fedorovna Titova, who was sixteen and a half years old. After the wedding, Alexander returned to Moscow, and his wife remained in the house of her mother-in-law, who from the first days disliked her daughter-in-law. When Sergei was born in 1895, Tatyana Fedorovna’s first surviving child, Alexander Nikitich was not in the village. As before his marriage, Alexander Nikitich sent his salary to his mother. A quarrel broke out between the young couple - Sergei's mother and father - and they lived separately for several years: Alexander Nikitich in Moscow, Tatyana Fedorovna in Ryazan.
Slide 3
Grandfather
When Sergei was three years old, his mother left the Yesenins. Sergei was taken to live by his second grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich Titov, who had quarreled with the Yesenin family back when his daughter was a bride. For five years, Sergei’s parents lived separately, and the boy lived in the house of his grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich, and grandmother, Natalya Evteevna. At the insistence of his grandfather, Sergei began reading at the age of five, learning to read and write from church books. He began writing poetry at the age of 8. Among his peers, Sergei, who had the nickname Seryoga the Monk, was a recognized horse breeder, a fighter and a tireless inventor of various boyish games.
Slide 4
Zemstvo School
In 1904, at the age of nine, Sergei went to study at the Zemstvo four-year Konstantinovsky School. Few had the opportunity to study and there were no more than 10-12 students in each class. According to the recollections of Sergei’s classmates and his teachers, “he studied easily, as if jokingly, was gifted with a clear mind, had an excellent memory and was rightfully considered a capable student; Sergei was an avid book lover and what distinguished him from his peers was what was in his hands or under his shirt There was almost always some kind of book." In 1909, Sergei Yesenin graduated from school with a certificate of merit: out of eleven students, only four passed the “tests at the end of the course” with a “five”, among them was Sergei.
Slide 5
Church and parish teacher's school
In the fall of 1909, Sergei Yesenin’s parents sent him to study at the Spas-Klepikovskaya second-grade church and teachers’ school, located not far from Konstantinov. After spending several days in a boarding school, Sergei, feeling homesick, made an “escape” and returned to his native village on foot, but was taken back. The school, which was a closed educational institution, was run by church authorities and trained teachers of parochial literacy schools. In 1912, Sergei Yesenin graduated from teacher's school, receiving the "title of literacy school teacher." Of the works created by Sergei Yesenin in 1910-1912, more than 60 are currently known, including the first poem - “The Tale of Evpatiy Kolovrat...”.
Slide 6
Anna Romanovna Izryadova
At Sytin's printing house, Yesenin met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who had worked in the proofreading department since 1909, and in 1914 entered into a civil marriage. At the end of December 1914, Yesenin had a son, Yuri. (1920).
Slide 7
First conflicts with the authorities
In the spring of 1913, in connection with Yesenin’s participation in the revolutionary movement of the workers of Sytin’s printing house, the Moscow security department opened a case. In the secret police, Yesenin, who was under surveillance, had the nickname “Nabor”. He distributed illegal literature, participated in strikes and protest demonstrations held in factories and factories at the call of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. In the fall of 1913, a search was carried out at his apartment.
Slide 8
Life in Petrograd
There was no money (“I had to eat on 2-3 kopecks.”), I didn’t have my own place to live, and Yesenin had to spend the night wherever he had to. He often lived with Murashev, whom he later called “the first of my first friends in the city of St. Petersburg.” Already in September 1915, the owner of the Prometheus book publishing house N.N. Mikhailov sent a letter to Yesenin with a proposal to publish a collection of his works, and on October 25, 1915, Sergei Yesenin’s first performance took place at the “evening of folk poetry” held by the literary and artistic group “Krasa” in the hall of the Tenishevsky School.
Slide 9
Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich - July 30, 1917
In the spring of 1917, in the editorial office of one of the newspapers, he met the secretary-typist Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, his same age. In the history of the Soviet theater she is mentioned as an actress, but at the time they met, such an actress did not exist - Reich played her first role only at the age of 30. Three months after they met, the wedding took place - while passing through, in Vologda. Sergei did not live with her permanently, although she gave birth to two children from him - Tatyana (1918) and Konstantin
Slide 10
Isadora Duncan
In 1921, Sergei Yesenin married the American dancer Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), who took the surname Duncan-Yesenin. Isadora Duncan, one of the founders of modern dance, was welcomed to packed theaters throughout Europe. In 1920, Duncan was invited to Soviet Russia to organize her own ballet school. The marriage to Yesenin was soon followed by a divorce, but on May 2, 1922, in the registry office of the Khamovnichesky district of Moscow, the re-marriage of Sergei Yesenin and the American dancer Isadora Duncan, who took the name Yesenin, took place. In the fall of 1922 the couple went abroad. Having visited many European countries, “touring all of Europe except Spain,” Yesenin went to America, where he stayed for four months until February 1923. He returned to Moscow on August 3, 1923.
S. Yesenin and A. Duncan. Berlin. 1922
Slide 11
Galina Benislavskaya
On November 4, 1920, at the literary evening “The Trial of the Imagists,” Yesenin met Galina Benislavskaya. Their relationship, with varying success, lasted until the spring of 1925. Returning from Konstantinov, Yesenin finally broke up with her. It was a tragedy for her. Insulted and humiliated, Galina wrote in her memoirs: “Because of the awkwardness and brokenness of my relationship with S.A., I more than once wanted to leave him as a woman, I wanted to be only a friend. But I realized that I could not leave S.A. , this thread cannot be broken..." Shortly before his trip to Leningrad in November, before going to the hospital, Yesenin called Benislavskaya: "Come say goodbye." He said that Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya would come too. Galina replied: “I don’t like such wires.” Galina Benislavskaya shot herself at Yesenin’s grave. She left two notes on his grave. One is a simple postcard: “December 3, 1926. She committed suicide here, although I know that after this even more dogs will be blamed on Yesenin... But he and I don’t care. Everything that is most dear to me is in this grave.. "
Slide 12
Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya
March 5, 1925 - acquaintance with Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Sofia Andreevna Tolstoy. She was 5 years younger than Yesenin, and the blood of the world’s greatest writer flowed in her veins. Sofya Andreevna was in charge of the library of the Writers' Union. On October 18, 1925, the marriage with S.A. Tolstoy was registered. Sofya Tolstaya is another of Yesenin’s unfulfilled hopes of starting a family. Coming from an aristocratic family, according to the recollections of Yesenin’s friends, she was very arrogant and proud, she demanded adherence to etiquette and unquestioning obedience. These qualities of hers were in no way combined with Sergei’s simplicity, generosity, cheerfulness, and mischievous character. They soon separated. In November 1925 he went to a Moscow hospital.
Slide 13
Suicide
On December 24, 1925, Sergei Yesenin left for Leningrad, where he planned to stay until the summer, and then go to Italy to see M. Gorky. But on the night of December 28, at the International Hotel (Angleterre), Yesenin, according to the official version, committed suicide: on the morning of December 28, he was found hanged in his hotel room. The day before, he wrote the poem “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...” and gave it to his Leningrad friend, the poet Wolf Erlich. “By the end of 1925, Yesenin’s decision to “leave” became manic. He lay down under the wheels of a country train, tried to throw himself out of a window, cut a vein with a piece of glass, and stab himself with a kitchen knife. In the last months of his tragic existence, Yesenin was a man for no more than one hour at a time day. From the first, morning, glass his consciousness was already darkening. And after the first, as an iron rule, came the second, third, fourth, fifth... From time to time Yesenin was admitted to the hospital, where the most famous doctors treated him with the latest methods "They helped as little as the oldest methods with which they also tried to treat him." (Memoirs of Anatoly Mariengof) Moscow said goodbye to Yesenin at the House of Press. Sergei Yesenin was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
