How to learn to read music. General rules for solving puzzles

We present to your attention a walkthrough of the game “100 puzzles” for Android. In this rather difficult logic game, you have to solve puzzles and move from level to level on your Android smartphone.

The game is intended for both children and adults, for anyone who wants to practice solving puzzles, some of which are quite difficult. It is for this reason that we have prepared answers for the game “100 puzzles” so that you do not have any difficulties with such levels. The game also has the opportunity to purchase a hint for coins.

The game was developed by Russian programmers, so all the puzzles are completely Russified and adapted for the Russian-speaking player.

Game Features

The game is similar to the game “100 Floors” and its analogues, and consists of three parts. All parts of the game contain 100 levels, i.e. the total number of puzzles is 300. These numbers are current at the time of writing this review, it is quite possible that game updates will be released after some time.

At each level, you have to guess a code from a set of pictures, letters, numbers, notes and other signs and enter it using the keyboard built into the game. The levels in the game are not mixed, so finding a hint for the level that caused difficulty will be quite easy.

Music notation is a language that has evolved over thousands of years. Even the musical notation we use today is over 300 years old. Musical notation is the recording of sounds using symbols, ranging from the basic characteristics of sound, such as pitch, duration and location in time, to more complex notations of expression, timbre and even additional effects. In this article, we'll walk you through the basics of reading music notation, show you some more advanced techniques, and tell you where you can find more information on this topic.

Steps

Part 1

We study the musical staff. Before you move on to learning music notation, you need to master one of the most important things that almost anyone who wants to read music notation should know. The horizontal lines in musical notation represent the stave. This is the very first element of musical notation, and it is fundamental to everything we will study further.

• The staff is a set of five parallel lines and spaces between them. Both the lines and the spaces between them have their own numbers for ease of reference. Counting is done from the bottom (the base of the staff) to the top (the top of the staff).

1. Let's start with the treble clef. The first thing you will notice when reading music notation is the treble clef. This symbol looks like a large, fancy handwritten symbol on the left side of the staff and shows in which register the notes should be played. This key is the starting point for all voices and high register instruments, and we will use it in our examples.

   • The treble clef, or G clef, is derived from the decorative Latin letter G. Lest you forget, remember that the line in the center of the curl of the clef represents the note G. The notes on the stave with this clef are:
   • Five lines, from bottom to top, represent the following notes: E G B D F.
   • The four spaces between the lines, from bottom to top, indicate the notes: F A C E.
   • If you have a hard time remembering them, use mnemonics for this. For the lines, the mnemonic “Every Good Boy Does Fine” is most often used, and the notes in between make up the word “FACE”. Practicing with an online note recognition tool is another great way to reinforce the material.

2. Bass clef. The bass clef, or F clef, is used for lower register instruments such as the bass guitar, trombone, left hand keys of the piano, and others.

   • The name of the clef comes from the Gothic letter F. Two dots on the clef are located above and below the F note line. The bass clef stave has different notes than the treble clef:
   • Five lines, from bottom to top, represent the notes: G B D F A. Mnemonic - Good Boys Don’t Fool Around (English: “good boys don’t fool around”).
   • Distances between lines, from bottom to top: A C E G. Mnemonic - All Cows Eat Grass.

3. Elements of notes. Each individual note symbol includes up to three elements: a head, a stem, and a flag.

   • Note head. This is an oval that can be empty (white) or filled (black). Essentially, the note head tells the player which note to play.
   • Calm. A vertical thin line that connects to the head of a note. If the stem is directed upward, then it is to the right of the head. If it is directed downward, it is to the left. The direction of the stem does not affect the note in any way, but only serves to make the notes easier to read and reduces the clutter of signs.
   • The general rule for the direction of the stem is as follows: if the note is on or above the centerline, then the stem is directed upward; if the note is below the center line, the calm is directed downward.
   • Checkbox. It looks like a curved stroke attached to the end of the stem. Regardless of which side of the head the calm is on, the flag is always pointed to the right.
   • Combined into a note, the flag, stem and head tell the musician the duration of the note, which is measured in measures or beats. You get a rhythm when you listen to music and tap your foot.

Part 2

Part 3

1. Get the rhythm. Rhythm, like meter and time signature, plays a key role in how music makes us feel. However, while meter determines the number of beats, rhythm determines their quality.

   • Let's conduct an experiment. Tap your fingers on the table evenly in a rhythm of 1-2-3-4, 1-2-3-4. Boring, isn't it? And now like this: on the count of 1 and 3, knock harder, and on the count of 2 and 4, knock weaker. Completely different sensations! Now swap them: strong - for 2 and 4, weak - for 1 and 3.
   • Listen to Rita Specker's song "Don't Leave Me". The rhythm is heard perfectly: a quiet bass drum on the count of 1 and 3, a loud clap and cymbals on the count of 2 and 4. Now you will have a much better understanding of how the music works. This is called a sense of rhythm!

2. Imagine that you are walking. Each step corresponds to one beat, which in musical notation will be written in quarter notes. This is because in most Western music one measure consists of four beats. The musical notation of your walk will be like this:

   • Each step is equal to one quarter note. In musical notation, quarter notes are represented as filled black dots attached to a stem without any flags. You can count the steps: “1-2-3-4, 1-2-3-4” and so on.
   • If you were to reduce the speed by half so that each step was equal to two beats, a 1 and a 3, then these would be half notes (half a bar long). In musical notation, half notes look like quarter notes, but with one difference - they are not completely black, but have a white center.
   • If you reduce the speed by another half, taking a step every four beats, to the count of 1, then it will be a whole note (one note per measure). In musical notation, whole notes look like "O"s or donuts, similar to half notes without stems.

3. Move over! Stop procrastinating already. As you noticed, as we slowed down, we removed parts of the note. First we made the note head empty, then we removed the stem. Let's now see how to speed up. To do this, we will add note elements.

   • Let's get back to our walk at a normal pace. Imagine yourself walking down the street (for convenience, beat your steps with your feet). Imagine that your bus has just arrived, and you are still a whole block away. What to do? Run! Run to the bus and wave to the driver.
   • To speed up the notes they need to add a flag. Each checkbox reduces the duration of the note by half. For example, an eighth note (with one flag) is equal in duration to half a quarter note, and a sixteenth note (with two flags) is half an eighth note. Returning to walking, this means we go from walking (quarter note) to running (eighth note, twice as fast as walking) and then to sprinting (sixteenth note, twice as fast as normal running). Imagine that each quarter note is a step, and tap the example above.

4. Link the notes! As you can see from the previous example, if there are too many notes on the staff, they become more difficult to read. Your gaze becomes confused and you lose the note. To group notes into smaller groups for simplicity, you need to connect them with strings.

   • Ligaments replace individual flags with thick lines connecting the stems of the notes. There is a very logical system for connecting notes, and although in more complex pieces of music the foot connections can be very complex, for our purposes connecting the notes in quarter notes is sufficient. Compare the picture below and the picture above. Tap the rhythm again and notice how much the ligaments make the notation easier to read.

5. Leagues and points. While a flag cuts the duration of a note in half, a dot has a similar but inverse function. With a few exceptions, which are not important for us now, the dot is always placed to the right of the note head. A dot increases the duration of a note by half its original duration.

   • For example, a half note with a dot is equal to the sum of the half and quarter notes. A quarter note with a dot is the sum of a quarter note and an eighth note.
   • Leagues, like dots, increase the duration of notes. Linked notes are two notes whose heads are connected by an arcing line. Unlike dots, which are abstract and add length based on the initial note length, tie leagues add precise length: the length of the first note is increased by exactly the length of the second note.
   • For example, one of the times when you need to use a liga instead of a dot is when the note's duration does not fit into the bar. In this case, you just need to add the duration that does not fit into the next bar with the corresponding note and link both notes.
   • Note that the league connects the heads of the notes and is usually placed on the opposite side of the stems.

6. Let's take a break. Someone will say that music is just a set of notes, and they will only be half right. Music is a sequence of notes and the spaces between them. These spaces are called rests, and they can really add life and emotion to the music. Let's see how pauses are recorded.

   • Like notes, rests have separate symbols for each duration. A whole pause is indicated by a rectangle hanging from the fourth line, and a half pause is indicated by a rectangle lying on the third line. The quarter rest is a wavy vertical line. The remaining pauses are a slash with a flag, the number of which depends on the length of the pause and is equal to the number of flags of the corresponding note. Pause flags always point to the left.

Part 4

1. So we've got the basics down: stave, elements of notes and the basics of recording note durations and rests. Check again to make sure you understand everything, then we'll move on to more fun things, namely reading music!

   Learn the C major scale. The C major scale is the main scale used in Western music. Most of the other scales you'll learn come from it. As soon as you drive it into the subcortex of the brain, the remaining scales will come easier.

   • First we'll show you what it looks like, then what it means, and then we'll start reading the notes. This is what it looks like on the staff. The C major scale is shown in the picture above.
   • Look at the first note, the C note, which is located below the staff lines. In this case, we simply add another short line specifically for this note (the same line passing through the head of the note). The lower the note, the more lines you need to add. But don't bother yourself with this just yet.
   • The C major scale consists of eight notes. These notes are located on the white keys of the piano.
   • If you don’t have a real piano at hand, then use a virtual one. At this stage, it is very important to begin to understand not only how notes are written, but also how they sound.

2. Master Sight singing(solfege). Don't let these words scare you - it's just singing the notes C, D, E and so on.

   • By mastering sight-singing, you will develop the skill of reading music with peripheral vision - a skill that can take a lifetime to perfect, and which will be very useful in the early stages. Let's look at the C major scale again, but now we'll add note names. The C major scale with the name of the notes is presented under “C Scale Solfege 1” in the picture above.
   • You may have heard the song “Do-Re-Mi” by Rogers and Hammerstein. If you can sing this song, do it now, looking at the notes of the scale. If you forgot it, you can listen to this song on YouTube.
   • But a more complex option is the ascending and descending C major scale with the names of the notes, which is presented under “C Scale Solfege 11” in the picture above.
   • Practice singing this sequence several times until you memorize it. Read slowly at first, looking at each note and singing it at the same time. Then, instead of “do-re-mi,” sing C-D-E. Our goal is to hit the notes correctly.
   • Remember the note values: the top C at the end of the first line and the bottom C at the end of the second line are half notes. The remaining notes are quarter notes. If you imagine a walk again, a quarter note equals one step, and a half note equals two steps.

Part 5

1. Let's move on to the next step. So we've covered the basics of rhythm and melody, and you now have a basic understanding of what all those dots and scribbles mean. Although this knowledge is enough to play the children's pipe, there is something else you should learn. The most important of these are the key signs.

   • You've probably already seen sharps and flats: a sharp looks like a hash (♯), and a flat looks like a printed Latin letter b (♭). Both marks are placed to the left of the note head and indicate that the next note should be played half a tone higher (sharp) or half a tone lower (flat). The C major scale, as we already know, consists of white piano keys. Black keys are sharps and flats. But since there are no sharps or flats in the C major scale, it is written like this:

2. Tones and halftones. In the Western musical system, notes are spaced a tone or semitone apart from each other. If you look at the C note on a piano, you will see that there is a black key between it and the next white key, the D note. The interval between the note C and D is called the tone. And the interval between the note C and the black key is called a semitone. Now you may be wondering: “What is the name of the black key?” Answer: when and how.

   • For convenience, you can remember that in an ascending sequence of sounds, this note is the sharp of the previous note. In a descending sequence, this note is the flat of the previous note. Thus, if you move from C to D, the black key between them will be a sharp (♯).
   • In this case, the black note will be written as C#. If you move down, from note D to note C, and follow the black note in between, it will be written as a flat (♭).
   • Such arrangements make music reading easier. If you were to write an ascending sequence of these three notes, but instead of writing C# you wrote D♭, the notation would have a becar sign (♮).
   • Pay attention to the new sign - bekar (♮). Wherever it is placed, it cancels all previous sharps and flats. In this example, the second and third notes are D notes: the first is D♭ and the second is D because it is half a step higher than the previous D, so it had to be "corrected" to show the correct note. The more sharps and flats scattered across the staff, the longer the musician will have to understand them before playing.
   • Often, those composers who placed accidentals in previous bars can add “optional” bekars to make it clearer to the musician. For example, if the previous bar used the key of D major with the note A#, then in the next bar there may be a bekar near the note A.

3. Let's understand the key signs. At this point we've looked at the C major scale: eight notes, all white, starting on C. However, the scale can start on any note. If you play only white keys, then it will not be a major scale, but a “modal scale,” the consideration of which is beyond the scope of this article.

   • The starting note, or tonic, corresponds to the key. You've probably heard someone say something like, "This song is in the key of C." This means that the major scale begins with the note C and includes the notes C D E F G A B C. The notes in the major scale relate to each other in a special way. Take a look at the keys pictured above.
   • Notice that between almost all notes the interval is equal to a tone. And the semitone is only between the notes E-F and the notes B-C. Any major scale has the same intervals: tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone. If you start the scale with the note G, it will look like this:
   • Note the F# on the top ruler. For the relationship between the notes to be correct, the F note must be raised above the G note by a semitone, not a tone. This scale is easy to read, but what if you start the scale with a C# note? It will look like this:
   • Now things get complicated! It is in order to remove confusion and simplify reading of notes that key signs were created. Each major scale has a fixed set of sharps and flats, which are indicated at the very beginning of the staff. Looking again at the G major scale, we see the note F#. Instead of putting the sharp sign next to the note, we put it at the very beginning. In this position, the sharp sign means that every F note on the stave should be played as an F#. It looks like this:
   • This scale sounds and plays exactly the same as the previous major scale without the key sign. A full list of key signs can be found below.

Who among us is not familiar with puzzles? These entertaining encryptions are familiar to everyone, young and old. In puzzles, words are encrypted using a sequence of pictures and various symbols, including letters and numbers. The word "rebus" is translated from Latin as "with the help of things." The rebus originated in France in the 15th century, and the first printed collection of rebuses, published in this country in 1582, was compiled by Etienne Taboureau. Over the time that has passed since then, the technique of composing rebus problems has been enriched with many different techniques. To solve a rebus, it is important not only to know what is drawn, but also to take into account the location of the drawings and symbols relative to each other, and this is achieved with practice. There are some unspoken rules by which puzzles are composed, and it is easier to solve them using the same rules, and the rules are as follows:

General rules for solving puzzles

A word or sentence in a rebus is divided into parts, which are depicted as a picture or symbol. The rebus is always read from left to right, less often from top to bottom. Spaces and punctuation marks are not read. What is drawn in the pictures in the rebus is read in the nominative case, usually in the singular, but there are exceptions. If several objects are drawn, an arrow indicates which part of the entire image is used in this rebus. If the riddle is not just one word, but a sentence (a proverb, a catchphrase, a riddle), then in addition to nouns it contains verbs and other parts of speech. This is usually specified in the task (for example: “Guess the riddle”). A rebus must always have a solution, and only one. The ambiguity of the answer should be specified in the conditions of the rebus. For example: “Find two solutions to this puzzle.” The number of techniques and their combinations used in one rebus is not limited.

How to solve puzzles from pictures

Name all objects sequentially from left to right in the nominative singular case.

Answer: trail experience = tracker

Answer: ox window = fiber

Answer: eye of the face = outskirts

If an object is drawn upside down, its name should be read from right to left. For example, “cat” is drawn, you need to read “current”, “nose” is drawn, you need to read “dream”. Sometimes reading directions are shown with an arrow.

Answer: sleep

Often an object drawn in a rebus can be called differently, for example “meadow” and “field”, “leg” and “paw”, “tree” and “oak” or “birch”, “note” and “mi”, in such cases, you need to select a suitable word so that the rebus has a solution. This is one of the main difficulties in solving puzzles.

Answer: rava oak = oak grove

How to solve puzzles with commas

Sometimes the name of the depicted object cannot be used in its entirety and it is necessary to discard one or more letters at the beginning or end of the word. Then a comma is used. If the comma is to the left of the picture, the first letter of its name is discarded; if it is to the right, the last letter is discarded. How many commas are there, so many letters are discarded.

Answer: ho ball k = hamster

For example, 3 commas and a “feeder” are drawn, you only need to read “fly”; “sail” and 2 commas are drawn, you only need to read “steam”.

Answer: umbrella p = pattern

Answer: li sa to por gi = boots

How to solve puzzles with letters

Such letter combinations as before, above, on, under, behind, at, y, in, as a rule, are not depicted in rebuses with a picture, but are revealed from the corresponding position of the letters and pictures. Letters and letter combinations with, to, from, from, by, and are not shown, but the relationships of letters or objects, or direction are shown.

If two objects or two letters, or letters and numbers are drawn one inside the other, then their names are read with the addition of the preposition “in”. For example: “in-oh-yes”, or “in-oh-seven”, or “not-in-a”. Different readings are possible, for example, instead of “eight” you can read “seven-v-o”, and instead of “water” - “yes-v-o”. But such words do not exist, so such words are not a solution to the rebus.

Answers: v-o-yes, v-o-seven, v-o-lk, v-o-ro-n, v-o-rot-a

If one object or symbol is drawn under another, then we decipher it by adding “on”, “above” or “under”, you need to choose a preposition according to its meaning. Example: “fo-na-ri”, “pod-u-shka”, “over-e-zhda”.

Answers: fo-na-ri, pod-u-shka, na-e-zhda

If behind a letter or object there is another letter or object, then you need to read it with the addition of “for”. For example: “Ka-za-n”, “za-ya-ts”.

Answer: for-i-ts

If one letter lies next to or leans against another, then read with the addition of “u” or “k”. For example: “L-u-k”, “d-u-b”, “o-k-o”.

Answers: onion, oak

If a letter or syllable consists of another letter or syllable, then read with the addition of “from”. For example: “iz-b-a”, “b-iz-on”, “vn-iz-u”, “f-iz-ik”.

Answers: hut, bison

If another letter or syllable is written over the entire letter, read with the addition of “by”. For example: “po-r-t”, “po-l-e”, “po-ya-s”. Also, “by” can be used when one letter with legs runs over another letter, number or object.

Answer: Poland

Answers: belt, field

If an object is drawn, and a letter is written next to it and then crossed out, this means that this letter must be eliminated from the word. If there is another letter above the crossed out letter, this means that you need to replace the crossed out letter with it. Sometimes in this case an equal sign is placed between the letters.

Answer: manhole

Answer: raspberry z Mont = lemon

How to solve puzzles with numbers

If there are numbers above the picture, this is a hint in what order you need to read the letters from the name of the object. For example, 4, 2, 3, 1 means that the fourth letter of the name is read first, then the second, followed by the third and first.

Answer: brig

The numbers can be crossed out, which means you need to discard the letter corresponding to this order from the word.

Answer: skate ak LUa bo mba = Columbus

Quite rarely, the action of a letter is used in rebuses - runs, flies, lies; in such cases, the corresponding verb in the third person of the present tense must be added to the name of this letter, for example “u-runs”.

How to solve puzzles with notes

Often in puzzles, individual syllables corresponding to the names of notes - “do”, “re”, “mi”, “fa”... are depicted with the corresponding notes. Sometimes the generic word "note" is used.

Notes used in composing puzzles

Answers: beans, minus

To learn how to compose and understand puzzles, it is worth understanding what they are.

Word "rebus" of Latin origin (Latin rebus, with the help of things, “Non verbis sed rebus” - “Not with words, but with the help of things”). The rebus originated in France in the 15th century, and the first printed collection of rebuses, published in this country in 1582, was compiled by Etienne Taboureau. Over the time that has passed since then, the technique of composing rebus problems has been enriched with many different techniques.

So, rebus- This is one of the types of puzzles, a riddle to decipher words. Encrypted according to certain rules in a rebus, there can be not only a single word, but also a proverb, a saying, a quote, a riddle, and even a whole short story. Words and phrases in the rebus are depicted in the form of pictures, letters, numbers, notes and other various symbols, the number of which is not limited. Solving a rebus is a whole science. When solving a rebus, you need to write down all the signs in the form of a meaningful word or sentence. Although there are several types of puzzles (literary, mathematical, musical, sound, etc.), there are some general rules for composing and solving them.

example of a rebus

GENERAL RULES FOR SOLVING PUZZLES

A word or sentence is divided into parts that can be depicted in the form of a picture or any sign. The rebus is read from left to right, less often from top to bottom. Punctuation marks and spaces are not taken into account in the rebus. If there is one word in the rebus, then it should, as a rule, be a noun, and in the singular and in the nominative case. Deviations from this rule must be specified in the terms of the rebus. If a sentence is made (a proverb, an aphorism, etc.), then, naturally, it can contain not only nouns, but also verbs and other parts of speech. In this case, the terms of the rebus must contain the appropriate phrase (for example: “Guess the riddle”). A rebus must have a solution, and, as a rule, only one. The ambiguity of the answer should be specified in the conditions of the rebus. For example: “Find two solutions to this puzzle.” The number of techniques and their combinations used in one rebus is not limited.

PUZZLES IN PICTURES

The simplest option is when the rebus consists of two pictures, which will help you create a new word. The names of the objects depicted in the rebus should be read in the nominative case, singular or plural if several objects are depicted.

rebus 1

FOB + WINDOW = FIBER

rebus 2

TRAIL + EXPERIENCE = TRAILER

rebus 3

EYE + FACES = OUTDOORS

From the last example it is clear that the picture in the rebus can have more than one name (eye and eye, bees and swarm, etc.); or the image may have a general or private name (bird - general name; swift, swallow, chicken - private name). If the depicted object has two meanings, then logically you need to determine the appropriate one. This is the most difficult thing about puzzles.

If the picture upside down, this means that the word is read “back to front”.

rebus 4

Inverted NOSE = SLEEP

If to the right or left of the picture there is one or more letters- this means that these letters should simply be added. Sometimes they are preceded by a “+” sign. Sometimes the desired object in the picture is indicated by an arrow.

rebus 5

FLASK + SA = SAUSAGE

rebus 6

Letter X + LEV = STORY

PUZZLES WITH COMMA

Commas to the right or left of the picture means that in the word guessed using the picture you need to remove as many letters as there are commas. In this case, commas in front of the picture indicate how many letters need to be removed at the beginning of the hidden word, commas at the end of the picture indicate how many letters need to be removed from the end of the word. Sometimes commas to the left of the image are drawn upside down, although this does not play a fundamental role.

rebus 7

VOL K - K = VOL

rebus 8

GA MAC - GA = MAC

rebus 9

BA SLAVE AN - BA - AN = SLAVE

The arrow pointing to the left, shown above the picture, indicates that after the word has been deciphered, it must be read backwards.

rebus 10

DRESSER - KO, read from right to left = HOUSE

PUZZLES WITH LETTERS AND NUMBERS

If it is above the picture crossed out letter, and there is another one next to it, then this letter in the word needs to be changed to the indicated one. If one or more letters are simply crossed out, then they need to be removed from the word. The "=" sign also serves to replace one of the letters with another.

rebus 11

O R YOL = DONKEY

rebus 12

BA BARREL - BA = BARREL

rebus 13

KORO VA = CORONA

If the crossed out letter(s) stands as an independent figure, then it must be read with the addition of the particle “not”.

rebus 14

NOT TEACHING

Numbers can be used instead of pictures. If part of a word in a rebus is represented by a number, then the number is pronounced as a numeral.

rebus 15

Number SEVEN + letter I = FAMILY

rebus 16

Number STO + letter L = TABLE

We keep in mind that a number can have more than one name.

rebus 17

ONCE + FORK = FORK

rebus 18

Letter Ш + KOL + letter A = SCHOOL

rebus 19

Letter P + ONE + AR KA = MOLE

rebus 20

BY VAR + number TWO + L EC = BASEMENT

Several identical letters or other images in a row mean that you need to try to count them.

rebus 21

SEVEN letters I = FAMILY

rebus 22

THREE CATS + letter F = KNITWEAR

rebus 23

A PAIR of letters D = PARADE

Numbers next to the picture serve to number letters in a word. The number indicates the place of the letter in a given word, and the order in which the numbers are written determines the new place of this letter.

rebus 24

PINE = PUMP

rebus 25

PAINTER = GAUGE

If there are fewer numbers indicated than letters in the hidden word, this means that only the specified number of letters must be selected from the hidden word.

rebus 26

A LL IGAT O R = GUITAR

The use of crossed out numbers means that the corresponding letters must be removed from the hidden word.

rebus 27

PAL AT KA = STICK

If next to the picture there are two numbers with arrows pointing in different directions, it means that in the word the letters indicated by the numbers must be swapped.

rebus 28

Z A M OK = Smear

Roman numerals may also be used.

rebus 29

Forty A = FORTY

The use of fractions is not excluded. When a fraction is used in a puzzle, it is solved as "ON THE"(divide by). If the rebus uses a fraction with a denominator of 2, then it can be solved as "FLOOR"(half).

rebus 30

Z divided by K = SIGN

rebus 31

Gender of the letter E = FIELD

Crossed out sign "=" between the pictures should be read as "NOT".

rebus 32

And not Y = FROST

PUZZLES BY THE TYPE “LETTERS IN A LETTER”, “LETTERS ON OR UNDER A LETTER”

Often in puzzles they draw letters placed in an unusual angle relative to each other (one inside the other, one under or above the other, one running towards the other, one coming out of the other, etc.). This means that it is necessary to describe a picture or letter combinations using prepositions and conjunctions: “I”, “B”, “K”, “U”, “C”, “FOR”, “FROM”, “ON”, “PO” , "BEFORE" and others.

If objects, numbers or letters are depicted one within the other, then their names are read with the addition of a preposition "IN" before or between titles.

rebus 33

In the letter O the letter Z = WHO

rebus 34

Letter Z in letter O + letter N = RINGING

If one object is depicted behind another, then their names are read with the addition of a preposition "BEFORE" or "BEHIND".

rebus 35

Behind the letter L is the letter P = VALLEY

Usage horizontal line between pictures, letters or numbers placed one below the other means the use of prepositions "ON THE", "ABOVE", "UNDER".

rebus 36

On the letter C the letter T = NAST

rebus 37

Under the letter C kok = JUMP

rebus 38

From the letter N to the letter E + letter G = SNOW