Why are Stolz and Oblomov friends? Unified State Examination literature (Goncharov I. A.)

Article menu:

As children, they lived almost nearby - in neighboring villages - then, as teenagers, They studied at a boarding school for noble children. Throughout their lives, fate brought these people together again and again. Who are we talking about, you ask? Of course, about Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts from Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” and their unusual friendship.

To understand the essence of the relationship between these friends, diametrically opposed in nature, you need to trace their lives throughout the work.

Oblomov’s image: deep in thought

In order to understand how opposite in character Andrei Stolts and Ilya Oblomov were, it is necessary to first follow the character of the first hero, whose surname is named throughout the novel. Ilya Ilyich appears to readers as a sloppy and extremely lazy middle-aged man. His favorite place is the sofa, and his favorite clothing is a dressing gown, which “had in Oblomov’s eyes a darkness of invaluable merits: he is soft, flexible; the body does not feel it on itself; he, like an obedient slave, submits to the slightest movement of the body..."
The careless decoration of the room, where order seemed to be maintained, but a closer look revealed a lot of external flaws, further emphasized the infantilism of the hero. He had neither a specific goal in life nor any clear plans, looking at his surroundings absent-mindedly and thoughtfully.

Active and purposeful Stolz

Andrei Stolts was completely different. With youthful fervor, even in his youth, he explained lessons to a slow and dreamy friend, and tried to help so that Ilya could find himself in life. But his aspirations were not justified, because the teaching “had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: between science and life there lay a whole abyss, which he did not try to cross. His life was on its own, and his science was on its own.”

Little Andryusha has been curious and very active since childhood. Any of his antics, even to the point that the boy could leave for several days without causing concern to his father, were perceived by his parents without any panic. Without preventing his son from freely exploring the world around him, dad contributed to the development of a holistic, completely independent personality. Andrey Stolts is an amazing person, for whom you feel sympathy from the very first lines. The hero of the novel, loving life and striving for the future. This is how he is depicted on the pages of the work.

The reason for the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz

A reader delving into the images of such absolutely opposite personalities may have a fair question: how could they be friends? But perhaps some will be surprised to learn that at first Andrei and Ilya were similar in character. But it was their upbringing, the environment in which the young friends lived, that made them as different as the South and the North. However, close comrades cope well with their differences and complement each other perfectly.

These two people, different in temperament, were able to appreciate each other. Stolz sees his beautiful soul in Oblomov, and he, in turn, notices the best qualities of a true, devoted friend.

“...I knew many people with high qualities, but I have never met a purer, brighter and simpler heart; I loved many, but no one as firmly and ardently as Oblomov. Once you know him, you can’t stop loving him…” says Andrei Ivanovich about Ilya Ilyich.

He loves his friend for his sincerity, considers him a very good person, even despite his imposingness, apathy and laziness. Stolz hopes that someday it will be possible to remake Ilya Ilyich and is trying to take appropriate measures. But will he succeed?

Episodes from the novel: friendship between Stolz and Oblomov

Throughout the entire novel, Oblomov and Stolz walk hand in hand, maintaining sincere affection for each other. Let's look at some episodes from their lives.

Here Ilya and Andrey are small children. One of them is brave and active, the other is a little lazy, dreamy and fearful. Parents love their children immensely, but they raise them differently. Therefore, their fates are completely different...

Here is Andrei, “often, taking a break from business or from the social crowd, in the evening, from the ball, he goes to sit on Oblomov’s wide sofa and, in a lazy conversation, take away and calm the anxious or tired soul.” In the presence of Oblomov, the friend calms down, feels like a man who has come “from a magnificent hall to his own modest roof.”

So they are conducting a dialogue with each other, and Andrei cannot convince Ilya to become more alive, to go out into society, to break away from his comfortable sofa, to change his way of thinking, to leave passivity, apathy and laziness, to become a full-fledged person... “Like a lump of dough, he curled up and “You’re lying,” Stolz reproaches Oblomov, but he does not respond to the comments. However, Andrey is adamant in his decision to change the situation. “No, I won’t leave you like this,” he says indignantly. In a week you won't recognize yourself. This evening I will tell you a detailed plan about what I intend to do with myself and with you, and now get dressed ... "

Clever Stolz, behind the veil of indifference and laziness, managed to discern a philosopher in his friend, because he sometimes speaks very correct speeches. “Life: life is good! What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? says Oblomov to a friend. Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!..”

“You reason like an ancient one,” Stolz concludes. But even that’s good, at least you’re reasoning and not sleeping.”

The insightful Oblomov was tired of everything, that’s why he tried to close himself in the shell of his absurd dreams and daydreams and limit himself to staying in his own home, where everything is so familiar and familiar, where there is no fuss and feigned fun. But living according to his friend’s plan is also extremely difficult for him...

Here's another scene. “Now or never,” Stolz declares, and Oblomov makes a great effort on himself, deciding to follow his friend’s advice and get a French passport. However, at that time he never left. But unexpected changes occur in his personal life: Oblomov falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, a simple and at the same time noble woman. His friend Andrei also treats her with trepidation.

But Ilya Ilyich’s approach to the girl is original: not wanting to flatter, here too he shows some kind of clumsiness, indifference to pompous phrases, and maybe even ignorance, saying: It costs me nothing to say: “Ah! I will be very glad, happy, you, of course, sing great... this will please me... But is this really necessary?

Finally, Olga began to sing, and Oblomov could not resist an enthusiastic “Ah.” “Do you hear? Stolz told her. Tell me honestly, Ilya: how long has it been since this happened to you?” - he asked his loving friend. Unfortunately, Oblomov’s immaturity over time took precedence over his bright feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya. He could not and did not want to overcome his natural laziness and become the husband of this beautiful woman. In the end, it was Andrei Stolz who took Olga as his wife, who, it turns out, was also in love with her, but did not want to interfere with his friend’s happiness.

The time for change comes, and Oblomov marries Agafya, the widow of the college secretary Pshenitsyn, a thrifty, kind and intelligent woman who faithfully looked after him during times of illness and depression. His life again goes smoothly and smoothly. Agafya surrounds her husband with care and maintains complete order in the house. Well, what about Stolz?

Unfortunately, the last meeting of friends five years later was very sad. "Dead!" - Andrei Ivanovich lamented about his friend, seeing him in an extremely difficult mental state. He was also shocked by the fact that Agafya was Ilya’s wife. At this unexpected news, it was as if a stone wall had opened up between friends, and Stolz realized that his comrade would never leave Oblomovka. But still he heeded the requests of Ilya Ilyich “not to forget his son Andrei.” And he promised himself to lead the boy on a completely different path, and with him “to bring their youthful dreams into action.”

This kind of friendship is very important

Having followed the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, we can conclude: such friendship is also necessary and useful, because they amazingly complemented each other and supported each other in difficult moments of life. It is a pity, of course, that Ilya Oblomov died, unable to cope with internal apathy and a lazy lifestyle, but he left behind a son, whom his best and faithful friend, Andrei Ivanovich, took in to raise him. He helped Ilya this time too - now by adopting his own blood and giving the child a chance for a full, meaningful life. But how could it have happened otherwise? After all, the friendship of Ilya and Andrey has always been real.

The characters of the main characters in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” are portrayed exceptionally correctly and talentedly by the author. If the artist’s task is to snatch and capture the essence of life that is inaccessible to the understanding of the average person, then the great Russian writer coped with it brilliantly. His main character, for example, personifies an entire social phenomenon, called “Oblomovism” in his honor. No less worthy of attention is the phenomenal friendship of Oblomov and Stolz, two antipodes, who, it would seem, should have irreconcilably argued with each other or even despised each other, as often happens in the communication of completely different people. However, Goncharov goes against stereotypes, connecting the antagonists with strong friendship. Throughout the entire novel, observing the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is not only necessary, but also interesting for the reader. The collision of two life positions, two worldviews - this is the main conflict in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”.

The differences between Oblomov and Stolz are not difficult to find. Firstly, his appearance catches your eye: Ilya Ilyich is a portly gentleman with soft features, plump hands, and slow gestures. His favorite clothing is a spacious robe that does not restrict movement, as if protecting and warming a person. Stolz is fit and slender. Constant activity and business acumen characterize his practical nature, so his gestures are bold and his reactions are quick. He is always dressed appropriately to move in the light and make the right impression.

Secondly, they have different upbringings. If little Ilyusha was groomed and cherished by his parents, nannies and other inhabitants of Oblomovka (he grew up as a pampered boy), then Andrei was brought up in strictness, his father taught him how to run a business, leaving him to make his own way. Stolz, as a result, did not have enough parental affection, which he was looking for in his friend’s house. Oblomov, on the contrary, was too kindly treated, his parents spoiled him: he was not fit for service or for the work of a landowner (taking care of the estate and its profitability).

Thirdly, their attitude to life differs. Ilya Ilyich does not like fuss, does not waste effort on pleasing society or at least wedging into it. Many people condemn him for laziness, but is it laziness? I think not: he is a nonconformist who is honest to himself and to the people around him. A nonconformist is a person who defends his right to behave differently from what is customary in his contemporary society. Oblomov had the courage and fortitude to silently, calmly adhere to his position and go his own way, without wasting his time on trifles. His demeanor reveals a rich spiritual life, which he does not display on a social display. Stolz lives in this showcase, because hanging around in good society always brings benefits to the businessman. We can say that Andrei had no other choice, because he is not a gentleman, his father earned capital, but no one will leave the villages to him as an inheritance. From childhood it was instilled in him that he had to earn his own living, so Stolz adapted to the circumstances, developing hereditary qualities: perseverance, hard work, social activity. But if he is so successful by modern standards, why does Stolz need Oblomov? From his father, he inherited an obsession with business, the limitations of a practical person, which he felt, and therefore subconsciously reached out to the spiritually rich Oblomov.

They were drawn to the opposite, feeling a lack of certain qualities of nature, but were unable to adopt good qualities from each other. None of them could make Olga Ilyinskaya happy: with both one and the other she felt dissatisfaction. Unfortunately, this is a fact of life: people rarely change in the name of love. Oblomov tried, but still remained faithful to his principles. Stolz, too, was only enough for courtship, and then the routine of living together began. Thus, the similarity between Oblomov and Stolz was revealed in love: they both failed to build happiness.

In these two images, Goncharov reflected the contradictory trends in society of that time. The nobility is the support of the state, but its individual representatives cannot take an active part in its fate, if only because it is vulgar and petty for them. They are gradually being replaced by people who have gone through a harsh school of life, the more skillful and greedy Stolts. They do not have the spiritual component that is needed for any useful work in Russia. But even apathetic landowners will not save the situation. Apparently, the author believed that the fusion of these extremes, a kind of golden mean, was the only way to achieve the well-being of Russia. If we look at the novel from this angle, it turns out that the friendship of Oblomov and Stolz is a symbol of the unification of different social forces for a common goal.

Helps to better reveal the characters' characters and reveal the author's intention. About such friends as Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, A.S. Pushkin in his novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” very aptly wrote: “They got together. Water and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other.”

Indeed, the characters of the heroes are so different that many critics agreed: Stolz is a kind of “antidote” to Oblomov. Goncharov wrote: “They and the school were connected by two strong springs.” Therefore, by looking into the childhood of the heroes, you can understand why such different characters were formed between the two friends who lived next door. The chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” helps to find out about Ilya Ilyich’s childhood, which, according to A.V. Druzhinin, was the first step towards finding out the reasons for “Oblomovism”. From Oblomov’s dream it becomes clear that little Ilya was loved, caressed, and pampered by everyone. Therefore, he grew up kind and sympathetic.

As soon as Ilya Ilyich just dozes off, he dreams of the same dream: his mother’s gentle voice, Her gentle hands, the hugs of loved ones and friends... Every time in a dream, Oblomov returned to the time when he was absolutely Happy and loved by everyone. The hero of the novel seemed to be fleeing from real life into his childhood memories. Ilyusha was constantly protected from all sorts of dangers, real and imaginary. The servant Zakhar and “three hundred other Zakharovs” did everything for the little boy.

Such guardianship and care almost completely drowned out in Oblomov any desire to do anything himself. Everyone calls Ilya Ilyich a dreamer. How could endless nannies about Militris Kirbityevna, about heroes, about Sorcerers and firebirds not sow in the child’s soul hope for the best, that all problems will be solved by themselves? These same Tales gave Oblomov a fear of life, from which Ilya Ilyich tried in vain to hide in his apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, and then on the Vyborg Side.

The complete opposite of Oblomov is Andrei Stolts. Throughout the novel we see a comparison between Stolz and Oblomov, as well as their opposition to each other. They differ in literally everything: in appearance, in origin (Oblomov is a nobleman, but Stolz is not), in the upbringing and education they received. The reason for these differences lies primarily in Education. Each of the parents made their own special contribution to the upbringing of Andrei Stolts.

His father, Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a businesslike and practical German, put above all else a sense of duty, discipline, responsibility and love of work. He tried to instill these qualities in his son, trying to make him a successful businessman. Andrei’s mother, a Russian noblewoman, on the contrary, “taught him to listen to the thoughtful sounds of Hertz, sang to him about flowers, about the poetry of Life...”. Stolz's mother wanted Andrei to grow up to be an educated Russian gentleman, and not a “German burgher,” and tried, as best she could, to reduce the influence of his Father on Andryusha.

In many ways, she wanted to see her son like Ilya Oblomov and often with pleasure let him go to Sosnovka, where “an eternal holiday, where work is lifted off one’s shoulders like a yoke.” Stolz's father, of course, loved Andrei in his own way, but did not consider it possible to show his feelings. The scene of Andrei's farewell to his father is poignant to tears. Even at the moment of farewell, Ivan Bogdanovich could not find kind words for his son.

Swallowing tears of resentment, Andrei sets off on his journey, accompanied by the lamentations of the servants: “You don’t have a mother, there’s no one to bless you.” And it seems that it was at this moment that Andrei Stolts, despite all the efforts of his mother, left no room in his soul for “empty Dreams.” As an independent adult, he took with him only what he thought was necessary: ​​prudence, practicality, determination. Everything else remained in distant childhood along with the image of the mother.

Differences in the characters' personalities explain differences in aspirations and beliefs. You can learn about this from Ilya Ilyich’s story about His ideal of life. Most of all, Oblomov craves peace, carelessness and tranquility. But Ilya Ilyich considered peace not the result of vigorous activity, not a reward for it, but a constant, the only possible and correct state of a person.

Arguing with Stolz, Oblomov convinced him that “the goal of all... running around is... the production of peace, the pursuit of the ideal of the Lost Paradise.” Therefore, why work hard, do anything, if you still end up with what Oblomov always wanted to have? And for Stolz the main thing is work.

But for Andrei, work is not a way to achieve peace, any desire for which Stolz called “Oblomovism.” For him, work is “the image, content, element and purpose of life.” If Oblomov was not accustomed to work, dreamed of achieving everything without it (as in a nanny’s fairy tale: “waved a magic wand” - And “everything is ready”), then Stolz was brought up from childhood by work, which was the goal of his father’s life.

Over time, Andrey simply stopped even thinking about existing without activity. The attitude of friends towards the bustle of the capital is also different. Stolz had already gotten used to it and felt in the light “like a fish in water.” He sees everything, but prefers to turn a blind eye to its shortcomings. Andrey does not allow society to encroach on his innermost Feelings and thoughts, as if closing himself off from him with polite behavior.

And Ilya Ilyich, having served himself and carefully listening to the stories of visitors Sudbinsky, Penkin, Volkov about life in the capital, realized that it was too empty (“What to look for there? Interests of the mind, heart?”) and fussy (“Ten places in one day! ?”). Ilya Ilyich did not see the point in all these visits, going to work, and balls.

Characters, upbringing and beliefs make up the lives that the main characters of the novel lead. He left some imprint on the appearance of the heroes. Oblomov, with surprisingly soft facial features, was much thicker than Stolz and “flabby beyond his years,” and Andrei Ivanovich was “all made up of bones, muscles and nerves,” thin, as befits a man leading an active lifestyle. Stolz was taught from childhood to activity, to the fact that time is precious and should not be wasted. And therefore, Andrei’s whole life passed in eternal motion, which, however, cannot be called vanity. He was not just in constant dynamics, but brought benefit to himself and others.

But, despite his constant employment, he “goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.” Stolz wanted to encourage Olomov to lead such a life, who, despite a lot of free time, had nothing to do. Oblomov spent most of his life on the sofa, since “lying down with Ilya Ilyich... was a normal state.”

His Ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family and friends, about which Oblomov spent years dreaming. The characters' attitude to love is expressed in the novel through their feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya. Oblomov wanted to see in Olga a loving woman, capable of creating a serene family life, kind and gentle, like his mother. At first the girl was in love with Ilya Ilyich, she liked his touching naivety, “dovelike tenderness” and kind heart.

And Oblomov himself was in love with Olga. But, as usual, hoping that everything would happen by itself, he did not take any action to ensure that Olga became his wife. His “vile habit of receiving satisfaction of his desires... from Others” played a fatal role in this situation: Olga preferred a firm and reliable marriage with Stolz to the uncertainty, expectation and inaction of Oblomov.

Stolz, who knew Ilyinskaya almost from early childhood, felt love and friendship for her. There were no fiery passions, “burning joys” or disappointments in her. Even jealousy for the unknown Rival did not cause a storm of emotions in Stolz’s soul.

And when he found out that this rival was Oblomov, he felt “peaceful and cheerful.” Stolz saw in Olga a faithful friend and ally in work and therefore tried to cultivate in her an active principle, the ability to fight, and develop her mind. And Olga did not suddenly fall in love with Andrei. The description of her character immediately suggests that Olga Ilyinskaya cannot help but become Olga Sergeevna Stolz. The love between Olga and Andrey was born and began to grow without “turbulent ups and downs.”

After the wedding, she did not disappear, but continued to live, although without development, smoothly and measuredly (“everything was harmony and silence with them”). From the comparison of the two heroes it is clear that Oblomov and Stolz are completely different heroes. What served as the basis for such a strong and faithful relationship between them?

It seems to me that this is not only childhood and school, as Goncharov wrote. Stolz and Oblomov complement each other. Goncharov wanted to reflect in Ilya Ilyich the typical features of the patriarchal nobility, and Stoltz was assigned the role of a man capable of breaking “Oblomovism.”

But after reading the novel, I could not imagine the characters so clear. Ilya Ilyich evokes conflicting feelings: regret about his helplessness and sympathy, because Oblomov has absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character, many of which are close to each of us. Modern life requires “Stolts”, and they certainly appear. But Russia will never consist only of such Characters.

Russian people have always been distinguished by their breadth of nature, the ability to sympathize, and a lively and reverent soul. I really want Stolz’s practical qualities and Oblomov’s “clean as crystal” soul to unite in a modern person. works: Ural

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” was written in the 19th century, but remains interesting for modern readers. The reasons for the relevance of the work lie in the wide range of questions raised by the author and “eternal” topics that have worried people throughout almost the entire human civilization: the themes of love, friendship, the meaning and purpose of life. The problems of the work are revealed especially clearly through the contrast in the book between Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, as characters reflecting different views on the world and leading different lifestyles. According to the plot of the novel, Oblomov is the opposite of Stolz, they have different appearances, different aspirations and different fates, but there is something that connects the heroes over the years - a strong mutual friendship, which both characters need.

Personality differences between Oblomov and Stolz

In Goncharov's novel, Oblomov appears as a dreamy, kind, gentle and indecisive person. He attracts with his calm, inviting character, but also repels with his constant laziness, reluctance to strive forward and gradual degradation. He tries to move as little as possible, spends all his days on the couch, making all sorts of plans and experiencing imaginary situations more fully and emotionally than the real events of his life. The reasons for this attitude of Ilya Ilyich to the world lie in his “greenhouse” upbringing and the peaceful atmosphere of Oblomovka - the hero’s native estate, a distant corner of Russia. In the village they lived not according to a real calendar, but from rite to rite; all new values ​​were denied here and outdated, partly archaic norms were cherished. Oblomov grew up like a “greenhouse plant,” which was protected from everything new from childhood, instilling in him an aversion to work and activity.

As mentioned above, Oblomov has an antipode in the novel - this is Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. Unlike Ilya Ilyich, Stolz leads an active social life and considers work and activity to be the main active forces in the world. Andrei Ivanovich is always in the center of attention, he is known in many social circles, he is a valuable employee, rapidly climbing the career ladder, many want to be friends with him. However, like Oblomov, Stolz is not an ideal person. If Ilya Ilyich’s “weak” point is activity and hard work, the desire for comprehensive development, then for Andrei Ivanovich the “stumbling block” was the sphere of feelings that cannot be explained rationally. The reasons for the hero’s misunderstanding of the essence of love also lie in his childhood - while raising in his son hard work and the ability to confidently move forward in any situation, the rational German father did not care about the sensual side of his personality. With the death of his mother, which became a great grief for the character, Andrei Ivanovich isolated himself even more from the sphere of feelings (including dreams and illusions), subsequently guided exclusively by the dictates of reason, but continuing to look for in others the sensual principle that he himself was deprived of.

Stolz and Oblomov: antipodes or doubles?

Most researchers are inclined to think that the heroes are, undoubtedly, antipodes, reflecting different views on the world. This is confirmed by the text of the novel. However, upon detailed analysis, it becomes clear that they are also mirror doubles, and the similarities in the images of the characters are no less than dissimilar. Stolz, as Oblomov’s antipode in the novel “Oblomov,” tries through communication with a friend to restore spiritual harmony, which he loses in the daily bustle. Ilya Ilyich also finds in his friend what he lacks in himself - activity and determination. It is Stolz who deals with all issues related to Oblomovka and the material support of his friend.

The characters not only complement each other, but also see their own distorted reflection in each other. Thus, Stolz is the embodiment of activity, rationalism, extroversion, work and striving for the future, and Oblomov is the embodiment of passivity, irrationalism, daydreaming, introversion and focus on the past. Both characters are “extra” heroes of the novel, who do not fit into their era and are unable to find true happiness, which is why Oblomov falls into illusions, and Stolz does not find harmony in his relationship with his wife, for whom he always needs to be the best, to meet her excessively high demands .

The heroes are also brought together by their love for Ilyinskaya, who attracted them with her openness, intelligence and determination. However, due to the fact that the girl was a person of “her era,” both heroes did not find their true happiness with her (while, for example, Oblomov finds peace precisely in his marriage with Agafya, who lives in the world of the past close to him and shares the Domostroevsky way of life ).

Looking at each other, the characters see what they could have been like if their upbringing had been slightly different. For example, if Oblomov had protested against Oblomovka’s way of life and went against his parents, he could have become a prototype of Stolz. That is, no matter how paradoxical it may be, Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich, from different perspectives, are both doubles and antipodes in the novel “Oblomov”. In addition, taking into account the history of the creation of the work and the prototypes of the heroes, there is a version that both heroes are reflections of different sides of Goncharov’s personality. In letters to friends, the author indicated that he described himself in the brilliant novel: Oblomov - as the personification of his daydreaming and escapism, and Stolz - as a rational, active and career-minded spirit.

Work test

They are people of the same time. It would seem that, living in the same environment, they should be similar in character. But, reading the novel, we are surprised to find in Oblomov and Stolz various components that make up their personality. What makes them so different? To answer this question, let us trace the physical and spiritual development of the heroes from childhood, when the foundations of their characters are laid. Stolz. He was brought up in a poor family. His father was German by birth. Mother is a Russian noblewoman. All the family's days were spent at work. When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught him the sciences and the German language. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.” His mother taught him literature and managed to give his son an excellent spiritual education. So, Stolz became a strong, intelligent, independent young man.

Oblomov. His parents were nobles. Their life in Oblomovka took place according to its own special laws. The most important thing in their life was food. They devoted a lot of time to her. They decided as a family “what dishes would be for lunch or dinner.” After lunch there was a long nap. The whole house fell asleep. This is how all the days passed: sleep and food. When Oblomov grew up, he was sent to study at a gymnasium. Parents were not interested in Ilyusha's knowledge. They dreamed of receiving a certificate proving that “Ilya passed all the sciences and arts.” As for physical education, he was hardly even allowed outside. They were afraid that he might die or get sick. So, Oblomov grew up as a “home” boy, without education, but kind at heart.

Now let's analyze their views on life. Work for Stolz was a part of his life, a pleasure. He did not disdain even the most menial work. For Oblomov, this was a burden. I'm not even talking about physical labor. He was too lazy to get up from the sofa and leave the room so that they could clean it up. Their lifestyle also speaks about the characters’ character. Oblomov spends his life living on the couch. He does nothing, is not interested in anything. He still can’t bring himself to finish reading the book “Journey to Africa,” even the pages of this book have turned yellow. Stolz leads an active life. From the moment he left home, he lives by work. Thanks to work, willpower, and patience, he became rich and famous to a wide circle of people. Oblomov's ideal of happiness is complete calm and good food. And he achieved this: he slept peacefully on the couch and ate well. Servants cleaned after him, and he had no big problems with housekeeping at home. Stolz's ideal of happiness is life in work. He has it. He works hard, his life is in full swing.

Opposites attract - this common phrase could not be more appropriate here. The heroes complement each other, each subconsciously sees in his friend what he himself lacks. Obviously, Goncharov outlined in these two types of human character those traits that, from his point of view, can constitute an ideal, harmonious personality.

I. A. Goncharov in his novel “Oblomov” showed the society of the mid-19th century, then
Russia was at the end of serfdom. Trade and industry developed in our country, there were many educated and smart people. These include the main characters of the novel: Stolz and Oblomov. They are connected by old friendship, they are educated, thinking and feeling people. But, despite their friendship, Oblomov and Stolz are two completely different people in character and worldview, and let’s look at their differences. Oblomov is a meek, soft, dreamy, trusting and gentle nature, in short, a “pigeon soul.” Oblomov cannot stand up for himself when Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov are pumping money out of him. He also likes to dream about how he will arrange life on his estate, but for several years he has not been able to get together and do this. Stolz is distinguished by energy and willpower. For him, what he said means he did it. Andrei Ivanovich made his way into high society from among the commoners, and this requires considerable will. Oblomov is devoid of complacency and ambition, in him the heart prevails over the mind. Ilya Ilyich understands that he leads a miserable lifestyle, but he can’t do anything about it. Stolz is a rational, calculating nature. He is an entrepreneur, and without rationality and prudence in business you will never make money. Oblomov is very skeptical about the life of business people: “Look where the center around which all this revolves,” he says in a conversation with Stolz. Oblomov is prone to philosophical reflections about the high purpose of man. And therefore he does not move in secular society, where

everything, in his opinion, is boring and mundane. Stolz is distinguished by his practical mind. He does not indulge in meaningless reasoning and daydreaming. Oblomov and Stolz lead completely different lifestyles. Oblomov is distinguished by idleness and passivity. He sleeps for a long time and does not get up from the sofa, does not go anywhere, is too lazy to even read. Stolz, on the contrary, does not sit still: “He came for a week on business, then to the village, then to Kiev, then God knows where.” Nature showed Oblomov the only goal of life: life as it lived in Oblomovka, where they were afraid of news, traditions were strictly observed; books and newspapers were not recognized at all. Stolz, on the contrary, says that work is the main thing
in a person’s life: “Work is the image, content and purpose of life,” Stolz says to Oblomov. Oblomov grew up in the village of Oblomovka, where traditions were observed sacredly, where Ilya Ilyich was protected from everything and they tried to make sure that he didn’t think about anything. Stolz grew up in a family where he was forced to work and study hard. His parents took little care of him, and he grew up in a constant and difficult struggle with life. The meeting with Olga Ilyinskaya changed Oblomov for a while. Under the influence of a feeling of love, incredible transformations occur to him: a greasy robe is abandoned, Oblomov gets out of bed as soon as he wakes up, reads books, looks through newspapers, he is energetic and active. But love, which carries within itself the need for action and self-improvement, is doomed in Oblomov’s case. Olga demands too much from Oblomov, and Ilya Ilyich cannot stand such a stressful life and gradually breaks up with her. When Stolz finds out this, he allows his own feelings to manifest themselves, and at the end of the novel we find Andrei Ivanovich and Olga Sergeevna husband and wife. Goncharov treats the two main characters of his work differently. The author has a kind attitude towards Oblomov - while denying the foundations of his life. The writer has an impartial attitude towards Stolz; he does not condemn, but also does not approve of the lifestyle that Andrei Ivanovich leads.

So, we have traced how the main characters of the novel differ, and now we can draw a conclusion. Stolz is a man of the new capitalist era, which began in Russia in the mid-19th century. Oblomov is a product and consequence of Oblomovism, a historical type, a bearer of noble culture. Goncharov depicted the tragedy of a typical
Russian character, devoid of romantic traits and not tinged with gloom, but nevertheless finding himself on the sidelines of life through his own fault and through the fault of society. Roman I.A. Goncharov was written more than one hundred and forty years ago, but the types he created still remain modern, and now there are many Stolts and Oblomovs in Russia.

Each of us can recognize the traits of Oblomov or Stolz in ourselves. If they ask me which type of people is better, I will answer this way: “For all that Oblomov is pleasant to me as a person, I like Stolz more, because it is precisely such people who lead a more vibrant, interesting and eventful life.”

The main character of the novel by I. A. Goncharov is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov - a kind, gentle, kind-hearted person, capable of experiencing feelings of love and friendship, but unable to step over himself - get up from the couch, engage in any activity and even settle his own affairs. But if at the beginning of the novel Oblomov appears before us as a couch potato, then with each new page we penetrate more and more into the hero’s soul - bright and pure.

In the first chapter we meet insignificant people - acquaintances of Ilya Ilyich, surrounding him in St. Petersburg, busy with fruitless bustle, creating the appearance of action.