Dashing one-eyed - Slavic mythology. Dashing One-Eyed: A representative of the ancient race of giants? The famous one-eyed one from Greek myths

The blacksmith lived happily and knew no hard times.

“What is this,” says the blacksmith, “I have never seen any dashing thing in my life!” At least I’d like to see how dashing it is in the world.

So the blacksmith went to look for the dashing one. He walked and walked and entered a dense forest; Night is approaching, but there is nowhere to spend the night and I want to eat. He looks around and sees: there is a huge hut nearby. I knocked and no one answered; opened the door, walked in - empty, not good! The blacksmith climbed onto the stove and went to bed without having supper.

The blacksmith was just about to fall asleep when the door opened, and a whole herd of sheep entered the hut, and behind them Likho, a huge, scary woman with only one eye. Likho sniffed around and said:

- Eh, yes, I definitely have guests; I, Likha, will have something to eat for breakfast: it’s been a while since I’ve eaten human meat.

Dashingly blew up the splinter and pulled the blacksmith off the stove like a small child.

- Welcome, unexpected guest! Thanks for stopping by; tea, you’re hungry and thin,” and dashingly probes the blacksmith to see if he’s fat, but he’s all sick in his stomach from fear.
“Well, there’s nothing to do, let’s have dinner first,” says Likho; brought a large load of wood, lit the stove, slaughtered a ram, cleaned it up and fried it.

We sat down to dinner. He dashingly puts a quarter of a sheep into his mouth at a time, but the blacksmith doesn’t take a piece down his throat, even though he hasn’t eaten anything all day. Likho asks the blacksmith:

-Who are you, good man?
- Blacksmith.
-What can you forge?
- Yes, I can do everything.
- Bite my eye!
“If you please,” says the blacksmith, “do you have a rope?” We need to tie you up, otherwise you won’t give in: I would forge your eye.

Dashingly brought two ropes - one thick and the other thinner. The blacksmith took a thinner rope, tied Likho, and said:

- Come on, grandma, turn around! Dashingly turned and broke the rope. Now the blacksmith took a thick rope and twisted the grandmother well.
- Now turn around!

Dashingly turned around and did not break the ropes.

Then the blacksmith found an iron pin in the hut, lit it white in the oven, put it right on Likha’s eye, right on his good eye, and then hit the pin. Dashingly turned around, broke all the ropes, jumped up like mad, sat down on the threshold and shouted:

- Okay, villain! Now you won't leave me.

The blacksmith was more frightened than ever; he sat in the corner neither alive nor dead; I sat like that all night - even though I wanted to sleep. In the morning, Kho began to famously release the rams into the arable land, but one at a time: he would feel if it was really a ram, grab it by the back, and throw it out the door. The blacksmith turned his sheepskin coat with the wool side up, put it in his sleeves and walked on all fours. Dashingly he felt: he smelled a ram, grabbed the blacksmith by the back and threw him out of the hut.

The blacksmith jumped up, crossed himself and God bless his legs. Ran home; his friends ask him:

- Why did you turn gray?
“I spent the night at Likh’s,” says the blacksmith, “now I know what it’s like to live: you want to eat, but you don’t eat, and you want to sleep, but you don’t sleep.”

The articles mentioned above stated that in ancient times, most likely during the time of the Proto-Indo-Europeans, when pagan beliefs had their unified form, there was a belief in one-eyed gods, in particular, the god of day, light and life with one eye - The sun, and the god of the night, darkness and the underworld with one eye - the Moon. Subsequently, when a single people settled throughout the earth and noticeably modified pagan beliefs, this attribute acquired various forms, but retained a special connection with one eye-the sun and the “bad” eye, the lunar eye, or even the deadening eye. In Greece, these were the giants Cyclops, in Egypt the sun god Horus, in the Scandinavian countries - the one-eyed Odin. In these articles, touching on the topic of one-eyed gods in the cultures of the world, we looked at Koshchei-Chernobog and his subsequent hypostasis in dual faith - Saint Kasyan. At the same time, they completely forgot to mention such a mythological creature, which is clearly one of the images of the god of the “dark” world, like Dashingly one-eyed.

Dashing One-Eyed can be called the very missing element that we tried to find in previous articles, describing the pagan gods of various countries of the world and trying to find their relationship with the Slavic gods. In fairy tales, Likho appears as a giant woman with one eye. One of the Russian folk tales says that a blacksmith comes to a giantess. Dashingly receives the guest and asks him to chain her second eye, to which the blacksmith, sensing that the giantess can eat him, cunningly gouges out her second eye, after which, turning the sheepskin coat with the wool outward, he pretends to be a ram and runs away. How can one decipher this fairy tale, which, apparently, is a transformed pagan myth that has come down to us in the form of a children's horror story?

Firstly, here we are again dealing with the hero's journey into the underworld, which is often observed in various cultures of the world. The main character goes to a dark forest, where he meets the owner of this dark forest. If we recall the theory of katabasis, according to which, with the passage of time, the protagonist’s journey moved from the underworld to a dark and impenetrable forest, then here we can see just this case, comparable to other fairy tales, where the protagonist goes to meet the mistress of the dark forest (underworld) Baba Yaga () or with Koshchei the Immortal (Chernobog). The plot of the journey is almost identical, so we can confidently say that Likho is the ruler of the underworld, that is, that same Morana.

It is also worth saying about the image of the hero, who is a blacksmith. In many fairy tales, the main winning characters are blacksmiths, so, most likely, some ancient myth about the blacksmith god and the underground mistress Morana is hidden in the fairy tale.

One can easily get confused in the intricacies of the relationship between the gods of different countries of the world, but here we will try to compare the Greek myth with the tale of Dashing One-Eyed and with the assumption that Morana was one of the three goddesses of fate. Ancient Greek mythology describes the story of Hercules, who steals the only eye from the Moira goddesses of fate. Isn't it true that this is a very similar plot?! In one of the previous articles “”, we came to the conclusion that one of the goddesses of fate is Morana - the goddess of the underworld, the goddess of death, who cuts the thread of life. If we assume that these arguments are correct, then here we will see a close relationship between two pagan beliefs, beliefs in a one-eyed goddess, whose last eye is stolen, who is the mistress of the underworld of the dead and one of the spinner goddesses of fate.

Dashingly one-eyed, due to the fact that the blacksmith gouges out her last eye, has become synonymous with the indiscriminateness of troubles, misfortunes and deaths, when the deity, who causes various sufferings and takes the souls of people into his world, does not distinguish who he causes misfortunes and who he takes into the world of the dead. Thus, “The Dashing One-Eyed One” is one of the names of Morana, which means that sometimes the goddess causes troubles to people who deserve happiness, while evil people continue to enjoy life, and takes the lives of people who deserve to continue to exist, while real villains and criminals continue to walk the earth as if nothing had happened.

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Dashing One-Eyed Cossack Tale

This happened even under the Tsar. The Cossack Tishka was returning home from service. My dear side is getting closer and closer. Joy expands in the Cossack’s chest and his heart fills. The war horse carries easily. A Cossack is riding, thinking that his dear mother and daughter-in-law Lizanka are waiting for him at home. They can't wait. Three years have already passed since the Cossack was not at home. Tishka sighed. So the village became envious. The Cossack became dignified, began to play a song, and thought: “My people heard a long time ago that I was returning, they will greet me with bread and salt. The horse will be decorated with bouquets. We’ll throw a feast for the whole neighborhood.” Tishka drove up to the village - no one greeted him. The houses are lopsided and not whitewashed. The cattle roar, not watered, not fed. The fields are not plowed, they are not sown. Crying spreads over the smoking areas, swearing walks through the alleys, “The people have gone crazy,” Tishka was surprised. No one recognizes him, no one greets him. Cossacks don’t look each other in the eye, but they look so evil. The women lament: “Oh, it’s bad for us, it’s bad!” If you listen to them, the world is not nice. The kids don't play games, they shed bitter tears.

“Something is wrong here,” Tishka says.

He drove up to his smoking area. The mother sits on the attack, shedding tears. He screams loudly, yearns for his only son, Quietly beloved.
“And here I am,” says Tishka, “alive and unharmed!”

The mother stopped crying, looked at her son and did not recognize him.
“You are not my son at all,” he says, “the bones of my son lie on the other side.” - And again she burst into tears more than ever.

No matter how hard Tishka fights, his dear mother does not recognize his dear son. And that's it.

Tishka was upset. “I’ll go,” he thinks, “I’ll visit Lizanka, my betrothed.”

And Lizanka has the same picture.
“Go,” he says, “from here, I don’t know you and I don’t want to know you.” And I hate your Tishka with all my soul, because I know with whom I was chilling in the service. Here's a bend for not a penny. And I loved him so much...
“Yes, here I am, alive and healthy,” says Tishka.
- Go, Cossack boy, I’ll pick you up from here, otherwise the hour before trouble is uneven.

Lizanka was a big girl, she managed three Cossacks in the field. Tishka looked at her warily. “But it’s true, how long before trouble…” - And he moved towards the gate. And Lizanka followed him:
- I don’t give a damn about your Tishka and grind him. I was going to marry Vaska Kosoy. - And in a roar: - Oh, I feel great, I feel great!

Silence for her because of the fence:
- She also found me a Cossack! Ugh, shame!

And my soul began to ache. “And what is happening in this world? Well, wait a minute, woman's breed! I’ll use a whip to clear your brains.”

Tishka is walking along the street. He looks: there is a big puddle, an old woman is sitting in the puddle, one eye is crooked. Humpbacked. The rags stuck to the thin body, which is the only thing that holds the soul together. A bag floats next to her. “Something is wrong here,” Tishka says, “we need to keep our ears open.” An old woman saw him and began to wail:
- Help, killer whale, help, dear Tisha. I walked and walked and fell, but I can’t get up and no one cares about me.

The Cossack was glad that at least one person in the village recognized him. I forgot that I promised to be careful. He walked into a puddle, picked up the old woman in his arms, and she shouted:
- Bag, don’t forget the bag!

Tishka grabbed the bag and seemed to be overcome with joy. And such joy that you could even start dancing in a puddle. “What is it,” Tishka thinks, “I don’t understand what’s happening to me.” - And he says to the old woman:
- For some reason, grandma, I haven’t seen you here before.

And he wants to put it on the ground, where it’s drier. But it’s not given - it’s stuck, you can’t get it off.
- A-ah-ah! - shouts. - Cossack! I've been waiting here for you for a long time. I lost count of how many days have passed. - And on his neck - once!
“That’s crazy,” Tishka whispered and sighed.
- Yeah, that’s exactly what it is. People told me that you couldn’t find a more cunning Cossack in the whole area, but I turned out to be more cunning than you.
“It turns out so,” Tishka answers with a sigh. - Did you infuriate the people?
“Me,” answers Likho, “who else.” There's a bag full of joy. Yours is just not enough.
“Oh, well done,” Tishka praises her, and he himself thinks about what to do, what to do. “How did you,” he says, “get so much joy into such a small bag?”
“It’s me,” says Likho, “I’m killing your joy.”
“It’s not good,” says Tishka, “to trample on human joy.”
“Nothing,” Likho replies, “but it makes me more fun.”

This is how they talk to each other. Meanwhile, Tishka had gone far from the village. He thinks: “In a minute I’ll reach the ravine and throw myself headfirst. I myself will perish, and so will the accursed Likh come to an end.”

As soon as he thought this, Likho said to him:
- Enough, Cossack, carrying me around on your hump, it’s time to think about business.

Tishka stopped. Likho got off him and warned:
- Don’t even think about running away from me and don’t keep it in your thoughts, otherwise it will be worse. “It’s much worse,” Tishka thinks and says:
- Well, I’m now your servant for eternity.
“It’s a well-known thing,” Likho agrees. - Until I take all your joy away, I won’t leave you alone.
“Yes, take it,” says Tishka. - I don’t have enough of it, or what? Take it, and that's the end of it.
- Why should I take it? You'll give it yourself.
- How is that?
- And like this. Now, let me catch my breath. She sat down next to her, and how she screamed and howled at the top of her voice.
- I feel so sorry for you, Cossack boy, I won’t save you. Tishka's eyes widened in surprise.
- If you feel sorry, let him go on all four sides. Why are you tearing your heart out?
“Let’s talk about our lives and let you go, there’s no reason for me to keep you.”
- About life, so about life.
- I look at you, Cossack, your head has turned gray, your body is wounded. He fought and did not spare himself. Have you received many awards from the Tsar-Father?
“Yes,” says Tishka, “I didn’t receive anything.” So I didn’t give up my blood drop by drop for the Tsar, but for my Motherland, for the land on which I live.
“And so it is,” answers Likho. He sees that you can’t get past the Cossack here, he’s approaching from the other side. She made her voice even more pitiful:
- He was a poor man, and remained a poor man. You left the little cow at home, and she died without you.
“It’s okay,” says Tishka, “if our arms and legs are intact, we won’t be lost.”

But Likho presses his line and does not calm down:
- Your betrothed has moved on to someone else.
“Your truth,” said Tishka. And he sighed and twisted, so much so that the light did not seem nice.

Dashingly pleased. He rubs his hands. I finally brought the Cossack. Tishka looks, and the bag with joy seems to have become larger than before. He realizes what's going on. “It’s okay, old man, I’ll still have fun with you.” And he burst into tears, already for fun. And Likho was amused. She started dancing. Where did the agility come from?
“Speak,” he shouts, “speak, it will make your soul easier.”
“Oh,” says Tishka, “you killed me.” I don’t want to live in this world. I'll go kill myself. I have one last request in life. Give me a break.

And Likho is so happy. Well, take a break. And then you will grieve some more.
- You are strong, Likho, I never would have thought. You deftly know how to collect human joy.

Dashingly responded: “That’s who I am,” he says. I have an approach to people. So I’ll make a person feel sorry for him, I’ll upset him. He will give every drop of joy, but without joy it is easy to lose your conscience. I'll ask you to drink some water. Who won't? Look, a conversation has begun. How are you doing, I ask. Okay, he says, I’m alive. Who will immediately tell you that life is bad? I ask, are you offended by anything in this life? Who, he says, is not offended? And he starts... And I egg him on. And off we go. Man in tears. And I have a bag ready.”
- Oh, and you are cunning, Likho, where can I outsmart you. “Come on,” he says, “let’s play hide and seek.” I loved playing hide and seek when I was a child. Nobody could find me.
“Well,” says Likho, “let’s play, but hiding from me is useless.” I'll find you everywhere.

And they began to play hide and seek. Tishka got into the penny with the hay. I found it famously.

Climbed a tree. He hid behind the branches. And I found it there.
“It’s true,” says Tishka, “it’s useless to hide from you.” Well, now try to hide.

I didn’t have time to turn around, and lo and behold, Likh was gone. Where did it go, maybe it wasn’t there at all. I saw it in a nightmare. Quiet here, Quiet here. Lo and behold, the bag of human joy lies in place. “It’s not a dream, you know, I dreamed,” he thinks, “and I wasn’t moved by my mind.” I would like to untie the bag and that would be the end of it. Then he thinks: “This is no good, we must deal with Likh first.”

Tishka began to look closely and take a closer look. He sees: a knot has been knocked out on the tree, a small hollow has formed. And a sharp nose sticks out of the hollow, smeared with dirt. “Uh-uh,” the Cossack thinks, “be smart, Tishka, don’t miscalculate. How did she get there?” And says:
- Come out, Likho, show yourself, I can’t find you. Where can I compete with you?

And Likho was right there, so pleased, her head was spinning from the Cossack praise. Silence doesn't show it. Surprised:
-Where are you hiding like that?
- And here there were, nearby. You passed me a hundred times... I was in the hollow, that’s where!
- I climbed into such a small hollow, wow, Dashing, wow, well done.
“What’s this,” says Likho, “I’ll crawl through a crack like this, curl up in a ball, no one will notice me.”
“What,” says Tishka, “isn’t it a surprise, but can you get into the pouch?” Look how small it is! - And he pulled out the pouch and untied it. “No,” he says, “you can’t use a pouch.” - And sighed. - Your nostrils are not round yet.
- Isn’t it round? - Likho dispersed, - Yes, at one moment I... Hop! - and you're done.

The Cossack almost dropped his pouch, it was so heavy. I quickly tied it with a triple knot.
“Smell it,” he says, “Smartly, the tobacco.”

And he wiped the sweat from his forehead with his sleeve. I'm tired. Did a great job. And Likho shouts from his pouch:
- She climbed in, Cossack boy, but you didn’t believe it. The quiet is filled with laughter.
“Well done,” he says, “you, Likho, got it!” But now you can’t get out of the pouch.

Likho started crying and asked the Cossack to let her out. Then she started threatening.
“No,” says Tishka, “you won’t fool me with this.” It's a pity for the pouch, Liza's gift. Well, that’s okay, I’m off to work.

Tishka tossed the jelly into his palm. Heavy. And he threw it further into the burrs and the burrow. He untied the bag of human joy... In the village, the cochet began to sing. All at once, with one voice. My heart is happy. I have no words. Someone started playing a song. Cheerful. “No way, my Lizanka is trying,” thought Tishka, “oh, it’s time for me to return home.” Before he had time to take a step, people were pouring towards him in a wave. Quietly, my dear, meet and greet. The mother walks ahead. A little further away is Lizanka. They're crying. Already from joy. “We have been waiting for you, Tisha the Cossack. Our little heads would be lost without you.” Tishka twirled his mustache, put his hands on his hips, and so on. And he went forward. But the matter did not end there.

The gentleman was driving along the road. In the carriage dear. All covered in gold. He looks: something is rolling along the road ahead. Punch the coachman in the side - they say, hold your horses. He got out of the carriage and was not lazy. He sees a pouch lying on the road. Grabbed him. Heavy. Gold, he thinks. While untied, I broke off my sleek nails. Likho jumped out of her pouch. And she sat down on the master’s neck. And he says so affectionately:
- Thank you, my dear friend, you helped out! Now you will be in my service until I drain your wealth to the bone.

And she waved her hand to the coachman, saying, let’s go.

Let's go, let's go. And our fairy tale stops here.

There lived one blacksmith. “What,” he says, “I haven’t seen any grief. They say there is a dashing thing in the world; I’ll go and look for something cool.” He took it and went, drank well and went looking dashingly. A tailor meets him. "Hello!" - "Hello!" - "Where are you going?" - “What, brother, everyone says: there is dashing in the world: I haven’t seen any dashing, I’m going to look for it.” - "Let's go together. And I live well and have not seen hardships; Let's go look." So they walked and walked, entered the forest, into a dense, dark one, found a small path, followed it - along a narrow path. As they walked and walked along this path, they saw: there was a big hut. Night; nowhere to go. “Hey,” they say, “let’s go into this hut.” Entered; There’s no one there, it’s empty, it’s not good. They sat down and sat. Here comes a tall woman, thin, crooked, single-eyed. "A! - speaks. - I have guests. Hello". - “Hello, grandma! We came to spend the night with you." - "OK then; there will be something for me to eat!” They got scared. So she went, taking a large amount of firewood; She brought 1 firewood, put it in the stove, and lit it. She went up to them, took one, a tailor, and stabbed him to death, put him in the stove and put him away 2.

The blacksmith sits and thinks: what to do, what to do? She took it and had dinner. The blacksmith looks into the stove and says: “Grandma, I am a blacksmith.” - “What can you do, forge?” - “Yes, I can do everything.” - “Bite my eye.” “Okay,” he says, “do you have a rope? We need to tie you up, otherwise you won’t give in; I would forge your eye." She went and brought two ropes, one thinner and the other thicker. So he tied her up with one that was thinner. “Come on, grandma, turn around!” She turned and broke the rope. “Well,” he says, “no, grandma! This one won't do." He took a thick rope and twisted it well with this rope. “Turn around, grandma!” So she turned around - she didn’t break it. So he took an awl, lit it, pointed it at her good eye, took an ax and hit the awl with its butt. As soon as she turned around, she broke the rope and sat down on the threshold. “Oh, villain, you won’t leave me now!” He sees that he is in trouble again, sits, thinks: what to do? Then the sheep came from the field; she drove the sheep into her hut to spend the night. Here the blacksmith spent the night. In the morning she began to let out the sheep. He took the fur coat, turned it upside down, put it in the sleeves, and crawled up to her like a lamb. She released everything one by one; As soon as he grabs the back, he will throw it away. And he crawled up; She grabbed him by the back and threw him out. I threw him out, he stood up and said: “Goodbye, Likho! I have suffered a lot from you; There’s nothing you can do now.” She says: “Wait, you’ll have to endure it, you haven’t left!”

And the blacksmith went again into the forest along a narrow path. Looks: in the tree there is a hatchet with a golden handle; I wanted to take it for myself. So he took up this hatchet, his hand stuck to it. What to do? You can't tear it off. He looked back: Likho was coming towards him and shouting: “You’re a villain, and you haven’t left!” The blacksmith took out a knife he had in his pocket, and let’s saw this hand; cut it off and left. He came to his village and began to show his hand, which he now saw famously. “Here,” he says, “look at what it’s like: I,” he says, “have no arm, and I’ve completely eaten my comrade.” This is where the fairy tale ends.

1 armful, bundle ( Red.).

2 Ate ( Red.).

Russian folk tale.
"Dashingly one-eyed"

There lived one blacksmith.
What, he says, I haven’t seen any grief. They say there is a dashing thing in the world; I'll go look for myself.
He took it and went, drank well and went looking dashingly. A tailor meets him. Hello!
Hello!
Where are you going?
What, brother, everyone says: there is a dashing thing in the world; I haven’t seen any bad luck, I’m going to look.
Let's go together. And I live well and have not seen hardship; Let's go look.
So they walked and walked, entered the forest, into a dense, dark one, found a small path, followed it along a narrow path. They walked and walked along this path, and they saw: there was a big hut. Night; nowhere to go.
“Hey,” they say, “let’s go into this hut.”
Entered; There’s no one there, it’s empty, it’s not good. They sat down and sat.
Here comes a tall woman, thin, crooked, single-eyed.
Ah!says. I have guests. Hello.
Hello, grandma! We came to spend the night with you.
Well, okay; I'll have something to eat for dinner!
They got scared. So she went, taking a large amount of firewood; She brought a load of wood, put it in the stove, and lit it. She went up to them, took one, a tailor, and stabbed him, put him in the oven and put him away.
The blacksmith sits and thinks: what to do, what to do? She took dinner. The blacksmith looks into the stove and says:
Grandma, I am a blacksmith.
What can you do - forge?
Yes, I can do everything.
Give me an eye.
Okay, he says, do you have a rope? We need to tie you up, otherwise you won’t give in; I would forge your eye.
She went and brought two ropes, one thinner and the other thicker. So he tied her up with one that was thinner.
Come on, grandma, turn around!
She turned and broke the rope.
Well, he says, no, grandma! This one won't do. He took a thick rope and twisted it with this rope
her well.
Turn around, grandma!
So she turned around and didn’t break it. So he took an awl, lit it, pointed it at her good eye,
He took an ax and hit the awl with the butt. As soon as she turned around, she broke the rope and sat down on the threshold.
Oh, villain, you won’t leave me now!
He sees that he is in trouble again, sits, thinks: what to do?
Then the sheep came from the field; she drove the sheep into her hut to spend the night. Here the blacksmith spent the night.
In the morning she began to let out the sheep. He took the fur coat, turned it upside down, put it in the sleeves, and crawled up to her like a lamb. She released everything one by one; As soon as he grabs the back, he will throw it away. And he crawled up; She grabbed him by the back and threw him out.
I threw him out, he stood up and said:
Farewell, dashing! I have suffered a lot from you; There's nothing you can do now.
She says:
Wait, you’ll have to endure it, you haven’t left!
And the blacksmith went again into the forest along a narrow path. He looks at a hatchet with a golden handle in the tree; I wanted to take it for myself. So he took up this hatchet, his hand stuck to it. What to do? You can't tear it off. He looked back: he was walking towards him dashingly and shouting:
Here you are, the villain, and you haven’t left!
The blacksmith took out a knife he had in his pocket, and let’s saw this hand; cut it off and left.
He came to his village and began to show his hand, which he now saw famously.
“Here,” he says, “look” what it’s like: I, he says, am without an arm, and I completely ate my friend.
This is where the fairy tale ends.