Ivan Shmelev biography personal life. Ivan Shmelev: under the sun of the Motherland

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev (September 21 (October 3) 1873 - June 24, 1950) - Russian writer, publicist, Orthodox thinker.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev was born on October 3, 1873 in Zamoskvorechye into the famous Moscow merchant family of the Shmelevs. Ivan Sergeevich’s grandfather - a state peasant from the Guslitsky region (Bogorodsky district of the Moscow province) - settled in Moscow after the fire of 1812. Sergei Ivanovich Shmelev (1842-1880) - the writer’s father belonged to the merchant class, but was not involved in trade, he was the owner of a large carpentry shop artels, ran bathhouses and was a contractor. By character, Sergei Ivanovich was a very cheerful person, which had a positive impact on the upbringing of the future writer.

The Shmelev family was prosperous, Orthodox with a patriarchal spirit. In the future, Ivan Shmelev will have a special craving for religion, which will affect his philosophical views and creativity.

Little Ivan Shmelev's entourage consisted of artisans and construction workers with whom he communicated closely. Therefore, the “influence of the court,” where a rebellious spirit was felt and various songs, jokes, and sayings were heard with their varied and rich language, could not help but be reflected in his worldview later in his works. Later Shmelev would write: “Here, in the courtyard, I saw people. I’m used to it here...”

Initially, Shmelev received his education at home, where his mother acted as a teacher, who gradually introduced the young writer into the world of literature (the study of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, etc.). Then he studied at the sixth Moscow gymnasium. After graduation, he entered the Faculty of Law of Moscow University in 1894. And then, 4 years later, having graduated from it, he undergoes military service for 1 year and then serves as an official in remote places of the Moscow and Vladimir provinces. “I knew the capital, the small craft people, the way of life of the merchants. Now I recognized the village, the provincial bureaucracy, the small nobility,” Shmelev would later say.

Shmelev initially accepted the February Revolution with enthusiasm and enthusiasm, like many of his contemporaries. He travels to Siberia to meet political prisoners, speaks at meetings and rallies, and talks about the “wonderful idea of socialism.” But soon Shmelev has to become disillusioned with the revolution, he discovers its dark side, its true, terrible face, and sees in all this violence against the fate of Russia. He did not immediately accept the October revolution, and its subsequent events entailed a worldview change in the writer’s soul.

During the revolution, Shmelev left with his family for Alushta, where he bought a house with a plot of land. In the fall of 1920, Crimea was occupied by red units. The fate of Sergei, Shmelev’s only son, turned out to be tragic. A twenty-five-year-old officer of the tsarist army, while in the hospital, was arrested. Despite all his father's efforts to free Sergei, he was sentenced to death. This event, as well as the terrible famine his family experienced in the occupied city, and the horrors of the massacre carried out by the Bolsheviks in Crimea in 1920-21, led Shmelev to severe mental depression.

Shmelev cannot understand all these military actions, when all life around is dying, widespread red terror, evil, hunger, and brutalization of people occur. In connection with these experiences, the writer writes the epic “Sun of the Dead” (1924), where he reveals his personal impressions of the revolution and civil war. As a result, after the release of this epic, Shmelev gained European fame.

The writer had a hard time experiencing the tragic events associated with the revolution and military events, and upon arriving in Moscow, he seriously thought about emigrating. I.A. actively participated in making this decision. Bunin, who invited Shmelev abroad, promising to help his family in every possible way. In January 1923, Shmelev finally left Russia for Paris, where he lived for 27 years.

The years spent in exile are distinguished by active, fruitful creative activity. Shmelev is published in many emigrant publications: “Latest News”, “Renaissance”, “Illustrated Russia”, “Segodnya”, “Modern Notes”, “Russian Thought”, etc.

In Paris, Shmelev begins to communicate closely with the Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin. For a long time there was correspondence between them (233 letters from Ilyin and 385 letters from Shmelev). It is an important evidence of the political and literary process of the first wave of Russian emigration.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev died in 1950 as a result of a heart attack. The death of the writer, who so loved monastic life, became deeply symbolic: on June 24, 1950, on the name day of Elder Barnabas, who had previously blessed him “on his path,” Shmelev came to the Russian monastery of the Intercession of the Mother of God in Bussy-en-Haute and on the same the day is dying.

The writer was buried in the Parisian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. And in 2000, Shmelev’s wish was fulfilled: the ashes of Shmelev and his wife were transported to their homeland and buried next to the graves of their relatives in the Moscow Donskoy Monastery.

IVAN SERGEEVICH SHMELYOV

1873-1950 77 years

“Medium height, thin, thin, large gray eyes... These eyes dominate the whole face... prone to a gentle smile, but more often deeply serious and sad. His face is furrowed with deep folds and depressions from contemplation and compassion... Russian face , - the face of past centuries, perhaps - the face of an Old Believer, a sufferer. And so it was: the grandfather of Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev, a state peasant from Guslitsy, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province - an Old Believer, one of his ancestors was an ardent teller, a fighter for the faith - spoke "with Princess Sophia in the "spinner", that is, in disputes about faith. The mother's ancestors also came from the peasantry, primordial Russian blood flows in the veins of Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev."

Kutyrina Yu. A. Ivan Shmelev. Paris, 1960

The Shmelev family is “a little bit “historical” itself. Ivan Sergeevich is slightly ironic, recalling Gogol’s apt word that characterizes Nozdryov: he is a “historical” person - he always ends up in some kind of story. Shmelev himself talks about one of his ancestors who fought for the old faith in the Assumption Cathedral and in litigation under Princess Sophia: she ordered the disputants to be dispersed with a batog. In the ancient acts, from where Shmelev took this information, it was written about his distant one: Shmelev from the nachitchiki (church reader from the parishioners, literate, who makes his living in the villages teaching literacy).

Great-grandfather Ivan Shmelev(the names Ivan and Sergei were passed down from generation to generation) was a state peasant. He moved to Moscow with his young wife Ustinya on the eve of the Patriotic War of 1812. Here he began trading timber and wood chips. Great-grandmother Ustinya was literate- a rare phenomenon among peasants of that time. Grandma, although she accepted the new faith, stubbornly maintained the strictness of her old piety.

Grandfather. After the death of my great-grandfather , his son, also Ivan Shmelev, continued his father's work. He had a good contract for the construction of the wooden Crimean Bridge across the Moscow River, but refused to give a bribe to an official during the construction of the Kolomna Palace. He paid for this: they demanded major alterations, my grandfather abandoned the contract, lost the deposit and the cost of the work. He tried “for the sake of honor” and said that they should send him a bag of crosses for the construction, and not demand bribes. “The sad memory of this in our house was the “royal parquet” from the Kolomna Palace, bought at auction and demolished. “The kings have walked!” - the grandfather used to say, gloomily looking at the cracked, patterned floors. – This parquet cost me 40 thousand! Expensive parquet..."

Father, Sergei Ivanovich. The failure of the most significant project and ruin undermined my grandfather’s health: he died early, at over 30 years old, and left his 16-year-old son Sergei(to the writer’s father) a debt of 100 thousand rubles, a house on Kaluzhskaya Street in Zamoskvorechye (the merchant side of Moscow) and 3 thousand rubles in cash. The writer's father turned out to be a man of rare nature: he had an open, inviting character and extraordinary energy. No experience in business, and four classes at the Meshchansky School. He managed to win over numerous workers and authorities. He quickly learned how to run a business from senior clerk Vasily Vasilyevich Kosyoy, who became his father’s right hand and saved the family from bankruptcy and a poverty-stricken life. Shmelevsky workers were even presented to Tsar Alexander II for the excellent work they did - the platforms and scaffolding of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The last work of Sergei Ivanovich Shmelev was the creation of seats for the public at the opening of the monument to A. Pushkin. My father never got to see this work. A few days before the opening of the monument, my father died tragically: he crashed on a horse and never managed to recover.

Mother, Evlampiya Gavrilovna Savinova. When his father's business began to generate decent income, he married a merchant's daughter. And one more feature that has become a pattern for the Shmelev family: Sergei Ivanovich’s wife, like Ustinya’s great-grandmother, turned out to be more educated than her husband - she graduated from one of the Moscow institutes for noble maidens. This, however, did not violate the family structure of the strict Ustinya: the young woman believed in dreams, omens, premonitions, and foolishness. She was strict in raising children. The writer will later remember how he was flogged: the broom turned into small pieces. Shmelev the writer practically does not write about his mother, but about his father - endlessly.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev– the fifth child in the parents’ family. One son died in infancy, and the last one was Katyushka. Ivan was born in Moscow on September 21 (October 3), 1873... Shmelev first studied at the prestigious 1st gymnasium in Moscow. According to a competitive exam, out of 400 boys, only 60 were accepted there. But strict discipline and scholastic lessons did not inspire the boy to study. Three months later he was transferred to the 6th gymnasium, next to his house, where there was freedom and, oddly enough, talented teachers. At a prestigious gymnasium, he was forced to write an essay on the topic “What is the difference between conjunctions and adverbs” or “Work and love for one’s neighbor as the basis of moral improvement.” They “played science” there. And the 6th gymnasium was asked to write essays on “human” topics: “Morning in the forest”, “Thunderstorm in the forest”, “Russian winter”, “Autumn according to Pushkin”, “Fishing”. Shmelev warmly remembers his literature teacher, the “unforgettable” Fyodor Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, who respected the literary works of young Shmelev, was able to appreciate them, and support them, at least by giving A’s for his essays with “three pluses.” Then there were years of study at Moscow University at the Faculty of Law. He was interested not only in legal sciences and literature, but, oddly enough, in natural sciences, and read books on agriculture and electricity. As for world and Russian fiction, everything basic was greedily read and studied in detail.

Love. While still a high school student, in the spring of 1891 (Shmelev was 18 years old), he met Olga Alexandrovna Okhterloni, a student at the St. Petersburg Patriotic Institute, where girls from military families studied. The girl’s ancestors on the male line were descendants of an ancient Scottish family (hence the surname strange to the Russian ear) and belonged to the Stuart family; grandfathers were generals. Olga's mother was the daughter of a Russified German. Olga’s parents rented an apartment in the Shmelevs’ house; here, during the holidays, the first meeting of the young people took place, which determined their fate. Olga was serious, enthusiastic, and well-read. She also had great ability for painting and developed taste. They lived together for 41 years. Olga Alexandrovna died on June 22, 1936. This loss (after the death of his only son) completely undermined the strength and health of Ivan Sergeevich.

They had an only son, Sergei, whom Ivan Shmelev loved tenderly and passionately. In 1920, Volunteer Army officer Sergei Shmelev refused to go with the Wrangel troops to a foreign land and was shot by the Reds. The father's suffering defies description.

Ivan Shmelev did not accept the October events. He is leaving abroad. At the age of 77 he dies in Paris. He bequeathed to his niece-executor to transport the ashes to the people - to Moscow. The writer's wish came true. On May 30, 2002, Shmelev’s ashes were solemnly transported from France to Moscow, to the Donskoy Monastery cemetery.

Now, after the death of the writer, his books are returning to Russia, to his homeland. Thus continues his second, now imperishable, life in his native land. Let us remember the words of A. Kartashev about Shmelev’s creativity: “ This is no longer literature... This is “the soul asks.” This is the satisfaction of spiritual hunger.”

Origin of Shmelev

Ivan Sergeevich 1873. He was from a family of Zamoskvoretsk merchants. However, his father's trade was of little interest to him. It contained numerous baths and a team of carpenters. Shmelev's family was an Old Believers, their way of life was unique and democratic. The Old Believers, both owners and ordinary workers, lived in a friendly community. They adhered to rules, spiritual and moral principles common to all. Ivan Shmelev grew up in an atmosphere of universal harmony and friendliness. He absorbed all the best in relationships between people. Years later, these childhood impressions were reflected in his works.

Getting to know the works of the classics

Ivan Sergeevich’s home education was mainly done by his mother. It was she who taught her son to read a lot. Therefore, from childhood, Ivan was familiar with the works of such writers as Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev and others. Their study continued throughout his life. Later Ivan Shmelev studied at the gymnasium. His biography is marked by deepening literary knowledge. Ivan Sergeevich enjoyed reading books by Leskov, Korolenko, Uspensky, Melnikov-Pechensky. In a sense, they became his literary idols. Of course, the influence of the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin on the formation of the future writer did not cease. This is evidenced by Shmelev’s later works: “The Eternal Ideal”, “The Treasured Meeting”, “The Mystery of Pushkin”.

Literary debut

Ivan Shmelev, whose biography interests us, made his debut as an author in 1895. His story “At the Mill” was published in the magazine “Russian Review”. This work talks about the formation of personality, about a person’s path to creativity through overcoming life’s difficulties, comprehending the destinies and characters of ordinary people.

A disappointing book

After his marriage, Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev went with his young wife to the island of Valaam, where ancient monasteries and monasteries are located.

The biography of many writers is reflected in their work, and Shmelev is no exception. The result of this journey was the book “On the Rocks of Valaam...”. Its publication brought many disappointments to the novice author. The fact is that Pobedonostsev, the chief prosecutor through whom this book was supposed to go through, found seditious reasoning in the work. As a result, Shmelev was forced to shorten the text and redo the work, depriving his creation of the author’s zest. This is Ivan Sergeevich. He decided that the literary field was not his path. After that, Ivan Sergeevich did not write for almost 10 years. However, he needed to somehow support his family. Therefore, Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev decided to find a new source of income. The biography of the subsequent years of his life will still be connected with literature. But for now, he decided that he needed to do something else.

Ivan Shmelev becomes a lawyer

Ivan Sergeevich decided to enter Moscow University in order to become a lawyer. Much has changed since that moment, and most importantly - the writer’s environment. A generation of new intelligentsia studied in this educational institution. Ivan Sergeevich communicated with educated, intelligent people, which enriched and developed his personality, as well as his creative potential. He graduated from the university in 1898. Ivan Shmelev served for some time as an attorney (minor position). Then he moved to Vladimir. Here Ivan Sergeevich began to work. Even in this routine work, Shmelev, being a creative person, was able to find his advantages. He gained life experience and impressions during numerous travels around the province, visiting crowded inns. Thus, ideas for his future books gradually accumulated.

Return to literary creativity

Shmelev decided to return to writing in 1905. His works began to appear in the magazines "Russian Thought" and "Children's Reading". They were small, rather timid tests, a kind of test of Shmelev himself in the writing field. The doubts finally disappeared. Ivan Sergeevich was finally confirmed in his choice. He decided to leave the service. Ivan Shmelev arrived in the capital. In 1907, a new stage of his literary activity began.

It was then that the experience of communicating with people, acquired during travels around the world, came in handy. Writer Ivan Shmelev already understood that some new force was maturing among the people, protest sentiments were emerging, and there was a readiness for change, including through revolution. All these observations were reflected in Ivan Sergeevich’s short prose.

"Disintegration"

In 1906, his story entitled “Disintegration” appeared. It describes the story of the relationship between a father and his son. The father does not want any changes, he is used to doing everything the old fashioned way. This is the owner of a brick factory. His son, on the contrary, longs for change. He is overwhelmed with new ideas. Thus, a generational conflict arises within the same family. Circumstances lead to the death of both heroes. The tragic ending, however, does not inspire pessimism and a sense of hopelessness.

"The Man from the Restaurant"

“The Man from the Restaurant” is Shmelev’s next story. It is often called the calling card of this writer. The story appeared in 1910. It also touched on the topic of fathers and sons. However, this time events are unfolding against the backdrop of revolutionary sentiment raging in society. The focus of Ivan Sergeevich’s attention, however, is not social problems, but human relationships, the problem of life choice.

"Revolution of Life"

Shmelev and his wife moved to the Kaluga estate after the outbreak of World War I. At this time he made a new discovery for himself. It turns out that war not only disfigures a person physically, but also morally. The hero of Shmelev's new story "The Turn of Life" is a carpenter. During the war years, his business improved significantly due to orders for crosses and coffins. At first, the influx of money consoled the master, but over time he realized that money earned from people’s grief did not bring happiness.

Shooting of son

Sergei Shmelev, the son of Ivan Sergeevich, soon went to the front. He served in the Alushta commandant's office, in Wrangel's army. The latter had already fled when the Red Army took Alushta. This is how Sergei Shmelev ended up in captivity. The father tried in vain to do everything to save his son. Sergei Shmelev was shot. This was a heavy blow for his parents.

Emigration

Ivan Sergeevich, having survived the famine in 1921, decided to emigrate. First, he and his wife moved to Berlin (in 1922), and then, at the invitation of Bunin, he went to Paris (in 1923). Here he lived until the end of his life. The years of emigration are a new stage not only in Shmelev’s life, but also in his work.

"Sun of the Dead"

The Sun of the Dead, the famous epic novel, was written during this time. This work has been translated into English, German, French and other languages. Shmelev's book became a real discovery not only in domestic but also in world literature. In the work of Ivan Sergeevich, an attempt was made to honestly look at the very essence of the tragedy that befell Russian society.

"Summer of the Lord" (Ivan Shmelev)

The works of Ivan Sergeevich were created at a difficult time for our country. The impressions of the last years spent in Russia formed the basis for Shmelev’s next novel, “The Summer of the Lord.” The writer, painting pictures of Orthodox holidays, reveals the soul of the Russian people. Turning to his childhood years, Ivan Sergeevich captured the perception of the world by a believing child who trustingly accepted God into his heart. The merchant and peasant environment in the book appears not as a “dark kingdom”, but as an organic and holistic world, full of internal culture, moral health, humanity and love. Shmelev is far from sentimentality or romantic stylization. He depicts the true way of life, without obscuring its cruel and rude sides, its “sorrows”. For the pure soul of a child, existence reveals itself mainly with its joyful, bright side. The existence of heroes is closely connected with worship and church life. For the first time in Russian fiction, an important layer of people's life - the church-religious one - was so fully and deeply recreated. The spiritual life of a Christian is revealed in the prayerful states of the heroes and their psychological experiences.

"Nanny from Moscow"

Ivan Sergeevich’s novel “Nanny from Moscow” talks about the fate of a simple woman who found herself, by force of circumstances, in Paris. The writer tells his story using sympathetic soft tones with hints of light irony. At the same time, the reader feels pain and great sorrow in the author’s attitude to what is happening. The work is written in the form of a tale, Shmelev’s favorite. It should be noted that the writer has achieved unsurpassed skill in it. Nanny Daria Stepanovna is characterized by inner calm, deep faith, spiritual health and boundless kindness. The nanny's pupil is a wayward, careless, capricious girl. The author shows her character with good humor.

"Paths of Heaven"

Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich, whose works we are describing, began working on his next novel called “Heavenly Paths” and practically finished it. However, at this time Olga, his beloved wife, passed away after illness. This happened in 1933. Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich could not imagine his existence without this woman. The writer had to go through a lot after her death. He was about to continue his romance, but his life was stopped by a sudden heart attack.

Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich(1873 - 1950), prose writer.
Born on September 21 (October 3, new year) in Moscow, in Zamoskvorechye, into a wealthy merchant family, distinguished by patriarchal habits and piety. On the other hand, I was influenced by the “court”, where construction workers flocked; a different, rebellious spirit reigned here. “Here, in the courtyard, I saw people. I got used to them here...”, I. Shmelev would write later. He heard songs, jokes, sayings, fairy tales and a varied and rich language here. All this will appear later on the pages of his books, in his fairy tales. After graduating from high school, in 1894 he entered the law faculty of Moscow University. In the fall of 1895 he makes a trip to Finland, to the Valaam Monastery. The result of this journey was his first book - essays “On the Rocks of Valaam”, published in Moscow in 1897. After graduating from university in 1898, he served in military service for a year, then served as an official in remote places of the Moscow and Vladimir provinces for eight years. “I knew the capital, the small craft people, the way of life of the merchants. Now I knew the village, the provincial bureaucracy, the small nobility,” Shmelev would later write. Here he meets the prototypes of the heroes of many of his stories. From here came “Treacle”, “Citizen Ukleikin”, “In the Hole”, “Under the Sky”. Particularly famous were the works written under the influence of the first Russian revolution (the stories “On a Urgent Business”, “Disintegration”, 1906; the stories “Vahmister”, 1906, “Ivan Kuzmin”, 1907). In 1911, Shmelev wrote one of his significant works, “The Man from the Restaurant,” which was a resounding success. In 1912, the publishing house "Book Publishing House of Writers in Moscow" was organized, whose contributing members were I. Bunin, B. Zaitsev, V. Veresaev, I. Shmelev and others. All of Shmelev's further work in the 1900s is associated with this publishing house, which published a collection of his works in eight volumes. Published novels and stories ("The Wall", "Shy Silence", "Wolf Roll", "Rosstani", etc.), published during 1912 - 1914. During the First World War, collections of his stories and essays "Carousel" (1916) , “Hard Days”, “Hidden Face” (1917), in which the story “A Funny Adventure” appeared, stood out noticeably against the backdrop of official patriotic fiction with its sincerity. He greeted the February Revolution with enthusiasm; he showed complete irreconcilability towards Oktyabrskaya, aggravated by the fact that his only son Sergei, an officer in the volunteer army, who did not want to go with Wrangel to a foreign land, was taken from the hospital in Feodosia and shot without trial. At the end of 1922, after a short stay in Moscow, Shmelev left for Berlin, then to Paris, where the emigrant chapter of his life opened. He created pamphlet stories full of hatred towards the Bolsheviks - “The Sun of the Dead” (1923), “The Stone Age” (1924), “On the Stumps” (1925). Over the years, memories of the past took a central place in Shmelev's work ("Bogomolye", 1931, "Summer of the Lord", 1933 - 48). Abroad, I. Shmelev published more than twenty books. I. Shmelev died on June 24, 1950 near Paris from a heart attack.

Ivan Shmelev is a Russian writer, publicist, Orthodox thinker from the Moscow merchant family of the Shmelevs, a representative of the conservative Christian direction of Russian literature.

In 1931, Shmelev was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

During the biography period 1912-1914. Ivan Shmelev published several stories, including “Grapes”, “Wolf Roll”, “Rosstani”, “The Man from the Restaurant” and others. In them he described the life and culture of people belonging to different social strata.

Later, 2 prose collections were published: “Carousel” and “The Hidden Face”. Over time, Shmelev increasingly begins to describe the difficult life of peasants forced to live in difficult conditions.

Revolution

Shmelev greeted the February Revolution of 1917 with jubilation. He thought political change would make people's lives better.

However, after confusion and outright violence began in the country, Ivan Shmelev changed his mind.

Moreover, even then it became clear to him that in the near future he would have to endure many troubles and misfortunes.

After this, Shmelev moves to Crimea, where he writes the story “How It Was.” In it, he shares with readers the events taking place during the Civil War of 1918-1922.

Shooting of son

Shmelev's son Sergei was an officer in the tsarist army, so when the Bolsheviks occupied Crimea, they arrested him.

Despite Shmelev's petitions, he was never able to free his son, who was soon shot. This loss became one of the most difficult in his biography.

The writer was in a difficult mental state for a long time and could not come to terms with the death of his 25-year-old son.

Ivan Shmelev with his wife and son

Shmelev's works

After 2 years, Ivan Shmelev decides to leave for, where he will live for the rest of his life. He wrote the famous epic “The Sun of the Dead,” in which he described the horrors and consequences of the revolution.

This work received many positive reviews from critics. In particular, it was appreciated by Thomas Mann and.

Later, from the pen of Shmelev, the story “Bogomolye” and the novel “The Summer of the Lord” came out, which became especially popular among Russian emigrants. These works will be published only the day before.

In the late period of his biography, Shmelev published works in which his longing for his homeland is clearly visible. For example, in his novel “Nanny from Moscow,” he describes a grandmother who was forced to go abroad.

An interesting fact is that Shmelev had such aversion to the Bolsheviks that he perceived the invasion of the German army as “God’s providence.”

He hoped that the communist regime in Russia would be overthrown and would be replaced by spiritual and moral liberation.

Personal life

The only wife in the biography of Ivan Shmelev was Olga Okhterloni, whom he met during his student years.

They lived a long and happy family life. In this marriage they had a boy, Sergei, who was shot, as mentioned above.

Ivan Shmelev with his wife Olga and son Sergei

When Olga Shmeleva passed away in 1936, the writer lived for another 14 years.

Death

In the last years of his biography, Shmelev had health problems and also experienced serious financial difficulties.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev died on June 24, 1950 at the age of 76 years. The cause of his death was a heart attack.

Vladimir Putin lays flowers on the grave of Ivan Shmelev

Shmelev was buried in the Paris cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, but 50 years later the writer’s remains, in accordance with his dying will, were reburied in the necropolis of the Moscow Donskoy Monastery.

Later, the remains of his wife and son will be reburied next to him.

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