Is the surname Pak masculine? ABOUT

Good afternoon, dear Diploma! Please help me understand the declension of Chinese male names. For example, is it necessary to decline the name of the head of the International Cooperation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China - Song Tao? He is a man... I can’t find any corresponding indication in the rules. Thank you in advance.

In compound names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc., it declines last part if it ends in a consonant. Moreover, part of the name Tao should not be inclined. Thus, the name you specified is not declined.

Is a man's surname Yun inclined? The boy, the bearer of the surname, claims that she is Korean, so she does not bow down.

Russian help desk response

The man's surname is declined. And Korean too.

How to correctly decline a Korean male surname with a Russian given name and patronymic. Example: maternity leave, Kim Igor Mikhailovich?

Russian help desk response

You spelled it correctly: male surname Kim changes as a second declension noun: Kim, Kim, Kim, Kim, about Kim. Female surname Kim doesn't bow.

Please explain whether the comma is inserted correctly: According to the survey, the best DVR is the Korean device YYY.

Russian help desk response

The comma is placed correctly.

Hello! Unfortunately, I have never been able to get an answer to my question, but I really hope that this time I will succeed. Please help me with the inflection of their Korean first and last names. I found a recommendation on the site that when writing Korean names, only the last element is declined, but in the questions and answers you always say that the surname is declined, although in those cases it was only the surname that was Korean. That is, if the name is Russian and the surname is Korean, then it is inclined, but if the name is Korean, then it is not? I would be very grateful for your clarification! Sincerely, Vera

Russian help desk response

Only the last element is inclined to composite names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc. The inflection of only the last component is explained here by the fact that for Russian language perception it is difficult to distinguish which components here are a name and which are a surname. In the Russian inflectional system, such names and surnames are obvious exoticisms.

If the bearer of the surname has a Russian (or has long been mastered in the Russian language) name, i.e. the first and surname are easy to distinguish from each other, the surname is declined (or not declined) according to general rules, for example: from Konstantin Kwon, from Irina Kwon.

In the 10th-11th centuries, Korean cities, built in mountainous areas, no longer followed the Chinese pattern: their streets were not straight, and ensembles of palaces and temples, watchtowers and fortifications fit into the surrounding landscape, forming a single whole with it. How to explain the placement of a colon?

Russian help desk response

A colon is placed in a non-union complex sentence when the second part reveals the content of the first (the words “namely” can be inserted between both parts). In this case, the second part explains what it means to “not follow the Chinese pattern.” This means that their streets were not straight...

I would like to clarify the spelling of the words: In the dictionary, distributor (and on your portal - distributor) and in the dictionary, South Korean (and on yours, South Korean). Why? Have the rules changed? Dictionaries 2001 and 2005

Russian help desk response

Latest dictionary commit: distributor, South Korean(Russian spelling dictionary, 4th ed., M., 2012).

Hello. Is a comma necessary in this sentence: They ask us to supply Japanese TVs (,) along with Korean-made TVs. Thank you.

Russian help desk response

No comma needed.

Hello! A very heated dispute arose over the declension of the Korean surname Sim in combination with the Russian name and patronymic. How to write correctly: “statement from Denis Anatolyevich Sim or from Denis Anatolyevich Sim”? Thank you in advance!

Russian help desk response

Right: Sima Denis Anatolyevich. Male surnames ending in a consonant are declined (regardless of their origin).

Hello. Is it possible to inflect male Korean “surnames” ending in a consonant if they are used with a Russian first name and patronymic, for example: Kim Viktor Petrovich - Kim Viktor Petrovich? Thank you.

Russian help desk response

Yes, in similar contexts Kim becomes a regular male surname, which is declined (like any other male surnames ending in a consonant, regardless of their linguistic origin): Kim Viktor Petrovich.

Hello!

My last name is Han (Korean). my mother, a Russian language teacher, says that the surname is not inclined, some teachers at school said the opposite. I would like to know if she is leaning or not?

Russian help desk response

Male surname Khan bends, the female one does not. The rule is this: all male surnames ending in a consonant are declined (except for surnames ending in - s, -their type Black, Long). Women's surnames starting with a consonant are indeclinable. The origin of the surname in this case does not matter.

Hello. Please help me decline the name of the North Korean leader. In the nominative Kim Jong Il. Thank in advance.

Russian help desk response

Only the last component of the name is declined: Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Il, about Kim Jong Il.

For a long time I can’t figure it out: the words “Korean”, “German”, “French”, “Japanese”, in cases when we are talking about Korean, German, etc. cars, are they written in quotes or without?

Russian help desk response

Quotation marks are needed: they indicate the use of a word other than its usual meaning.

Do male surnames tend to be of Korean origin? Pak Konstantin Borisovich. Pak Konstantin Borisovich.

Russian help desk response

The male surname Pak must be declined.

Kim is a male name.
Option to spell the name in transliteration (Latin): Kim

Meaning of the name

From Evdokim. "Chief" (Celtic)
Kim, as a rule, is an uncomplicated person; he is not a mystery to those around him: all his feelings are literally written on his face. He is inclined to trust people unconditionally, and since he is a useless psychologist, he is often deceived by them. But he cannot forgive this and will harbor evil for years. He knows how to keep his word and, if he promises, he will certainly do it. Purposeful in his youth, having reached a certain position, he calms down and arranges himself so as not to bother himself with excessive worries about his daily bread. However, these people are excellent at making others work for them. They are not too ambitious and strive more for a calm, prosperous life. From time to time, showing extraordinary fighting qualities, the Kims fight for the implementation of some plans that have overwhelmed them. In the team, in spite of everything, they are usually loved, in any case, few are able to get seriously angry with them, but when they leave, no one he will not regret such a valuable worker. Kim is always the master of the house, however, he marries several times, and even when he is married, he often looks at women, nevertheless, all this does not prevent him from being an exemplary family man.

Numerology of the name

Soul number: 9.
Those with the name number 9 are dreamy, romantic and impulsive. They are cheerful, love big noisy companies, they tend to make broad gestures, they love to help people. However, “Nines” are prone to inflated conceit and often flirt and turn into arrogant egocentrics. “Nines” are cheerful, amorous and romantic. However, their feelings are not always constant, which is often expressed in “frivolity” in their personal life. Nines are quite selfish. Only a very strong personality can build a strong family with a “nine”.

Hidden Spirit Number: 1
Body number: 8

Signs

Planet Neptune.
Element: Water, cold-humidity.
Zodiac: Sagittarius, Pisces.
Color: Aquamarine, sea green.
Day: Thursday, Friday.
Metal: Rare earth metals, platinum.
Mineral: Topaz, aquamarine.
Plants: Grapes, poppy, roses, saffron, weeping willow, algae, mushrooms, water lily, henbane, hemp.
Animals: Deep sea fish, whale, seagull, albatross, dolphin.

1. Geographical names

1.1. If the geographical name is not declined, then it is marked several. In other cases, for each toponym a gender form is given. pad. It is given in full:

1) with monosyllabic names: Belz, Bel lza; Gzhel, Gzheli;

2) in non-word names, which are ordinary phrases: Stary Oskol, Stary Oskol;

3) in compound words written with a hyphen: Baba -Durma z, Baba -Durma for; Ba den - Ba den, Ba den - Ba den [de].

In other cases, the form gen. pad. is given in truncated form: Badhy z, -a; Babad g, -a; Bavleny, -en; Badajo s, -a.

1.2. For some toponyms, forms of other cases are also given: for geographical names in - evo, -ovo, -foreign, -yno forms of genus, creative are given. and sentence pad., since in speech practice, in the press, in television and radio broadcasts, these names are sometimes not declined, which contradicts the traditional norm of the Russian literary language, for example: Bagerovo, -a, -om, in Bagerovo (urban town, Ukraine) ; Ko sovo, -a, -om, in Ko sovo (Rep. Serbia); Gabrovo, -a, -om, in Gabrovo (city, Bulgaria).

1.3. East Slavic names ending - O with a preceding consonant, do not decline: Dubno, several. (city, Ukraine); No, several. (city, Ukraine); Gross bottom, several. (city, Belarus).

1.4. In geographical names on - ev, -yev, -ov, -in the forms of the genitive and instrumental are given: Belev, -a, -om (city, Tula region, Russian Federation); Bobro in, -a, -om (city, Voronezh region, Russian Federation); Bardejov, -a, -om (city, Slovakia); Babi n, -a, -om (lake, Canada).

1.5. Foreign place names ending in a vowel - A, experience significant fluctuations in inclination:

many borrowed geographical names mastered by the Russian language are declined according to the type of noun. wives kind of on - A stressed, for example: Bukhara, -ы; Bugulma, -s; Ankara, -s;

Toponyms of French origin with final stress are not declined: Yura, several. (mountains - France; Switzerland);

Japanese place names ending in - are declined A unstressed: O saka, -i; Yoko bitch, -i [yo];

Estonian and Finnish names ending in - are not declined A, -I unstressed: Sa vonlinna, several. (city, Finland); Yu väskylä, several. (city, Finland); Sa aremaa, several. (island, Estonia);

Abkhazian and Georgian toponyms ending in unstressed - experience fluctuations in declination - A. The Dictionary lists the names in the inflected version: Шxa pa, -ы (g. - on the border of Georgia and Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation); Ochamchi ra, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia); Gudau ta, -y (city, Republic of Abkhazia);

complex geographical names do not tend to - A unstressed, borrowed from Spanish and other Romance languages: Bai ya Blanca, several. (city, Argentina); Bai ya-La ypa, several. (city, Argentina); Here s-de-la-Fronte ra [re, de, te], several. (city, Spain);

complex Slavic names are declined as nouns, which are nouns in the presence of word-formation features of adjectives, for example: Bya la-Podlya ska, Bya la-Podlya ski (city, Poland); Banská Bistrica, Banská Bistrica (city, Slovakia); Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora (city, Poland);

both parts in names with the word river are inflected, for example: Moscow -river, Moskva -river, on the Moscow river, etc. But in colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part of these combinations: beyond the Moscow river, on the Moscow river, etc. d. However, such use does not correspond to the norm of literary language.

1.6. Place names ending in vowels - And, -s and not perceived in Russian as plural forms. numbers are given in indeclinable form, for example: Burley, several. (village, Kazakhstan); Karshi, several. (village, Turkmenistan); Ismayilli, several., (city, Azerbaijan); Mary, several. (city, Turkmenistan); Dzhusaly, several. (town, Kazakhstan).

1.7. For monosyllabic names ending in a soft consonant, the forms gen., date are given. and sentence fallen., since they experience fluctuations when declination: Rus', Rus', to Rus', in Rus'; Ob, Ob, to Ob, on Ob; Perm, Perm, to Perm, about Perm; Kerch, Kerch, to Kerch, in Kerch. In the latter case, the stress is fixed on the base.

1.8. For names ending in consonants - and, -ts, -w, gender forms are indicated. and creativity fallen., since in creation. pad. under stress it is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Fateh, -a, -em (city, Kursk region, Russian Federation); Kirzha h, -a, -o m (city, Vladimir region, Russian Federation).

1.9. Some foreign names like Se nt-Ka tarins [se] are not inclined several., (city, Canada); Pe r - Lashe z [pe], several. (cemetery in Paris); Pla ya-Hiro n (Pla ya-Hiro n), several. (village, Cuba).

1.10. Some foreign language names from the area of ​​urban nomenclature are given in indeclinable form with the second part - straight, -square: Wall Street, several.; Washington Square, several. etc.

O, -e, -And, -at, -Yu, are presented in the Dictionary in an indeclinable form, for example: SHI LO Nikolai, Shi lo Nikola ya (Russian geologist); CRAFT Vasily, Craft Vasily (Russian breeder); DURNOVO Ivana, Durnovo Ivana (Russian statesman); VA JKULE Laima, Va ikule Laima (Latvian pop singer); VESKI And anne, several. (Estonian pop singer); BASILASHVI LI Ole g, Basilashvi li Olega (Russian actor); ILIE SKU Ion, Ilie sku Io na (Romanian statesman); BENTO Yu Pasca l, Bento Yu Pasca la (Romanian composer).

3. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in -a, -ya, -iya, -aya, -oh

Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I, -and I, -and I, -oh, as a rule, are inclined. But there are also cases of their indeclension, which is due to the place of stress in the word and the tradition of their use in the Russian language:

3.1. Male and female surnames and personal names ending in - A, -I non-accented ones, as a rule, are inclined; for example: TO MA Svetlana, TO WE Svetlana (Russian actress), DO GA Evgeniy, DO GI Evgenia (Moldova composer).

3.2. Japanese first and last names ending in - A unstressed, recently in print, in television and radio broadcasts, and in literature, they are regularly inclined. The Dictionary gives: KUROSA WA Akira, Kurosa you Akira (Japanese director); HATOYA MA Ichi ro, Hatoya we Ichi ro (Japanese statesman).

3.3. Georgian names and surnames of the indicated type experience fluctuations during declension, but in accordance with the norm of the Russian literary language they should be declined, for example: OKUDZHA VA Bula t, Okudzha you Bula ta; HORA VA Aka kiya, Hora you Aka kiya; VA ZHA Pshavela, VAZHA Pshavely. But the name of the Georgian poet ending in - A stressed, Shota Rustavi is not traditionally declined in Russian.

3.4. Finnish given names and surnames ending in - A unstressed, mostly not inflected, for example: KE KKONEN U rho Kaleva, Ke kkonena U rho Kaleva, PE KKALA Ma yno, several.

3.5. First and last names ending in - A with the previous one - And, do not decline, for example: GAMSAKHU RDIA Konstantin, Gamsahu RDIA Konstantin (Georgian writer).

3.6. Slavic surnames ending in - A stressed, incline: Skovoroda Gregory, Skovoroda Gregory (Ukrainian philosopher); POTEBNYA Aleksandra, Potebnya Aleksandra (Ukrainian and Russian philologist-Slavist).

3.7. French surnames and personal names ending in - A percussion, do not bow: TALMA Francois, several. (French actor); THOMA Ambrois z, Thomas Ambrois (French composer); GAMARRA Pierre, Gamarra Pierre (French writer); DUMA Alexandra, Dumas Alexandra (French writer).

3.8. Some African surnames start with - A shock experience fluctuations in declination: BABANGIDA Ibragi m, Babangida Ibragi ma (states figure of Nigeria); YAMARA Semoko [se], several. (general figure of Chad).

3.9. Women's personal names and surnames ending - and I Declined according to the model of the declension of personal names such as Ra ya, Ta ya, Agla ya. The Dictionary gives the forms of gender, date. and sentence pad., for example: GULA I I nna, Gula i Inn, to Gula e I nna, about Gula e I nna (Russian actress); SANA I Marina, Sana and Marina, to Sana e Mari not, about Sana e Mari not (Russian figure skater).

3.10. Male surnames ending - oh decline according to the type of declension of noun. “needles”, for example: PIKHO I Rudolf, Piho and Rudolf, to Piho e Rudolf, about Piho e Rudolf (Russian statesman).

3.11. Georgian surnames ending in - and I, are declined according to the model of the name Mari I (Mari I, gen., dat., prel. AndAnd), although in speech practice, on TV and radio, and in print, surnames of this type are sometimes not declined, which does not correspond to the norm of the Russian literary language. Correct: DANELIA Georgy, Daneliya Georgy, to Daneliya Georgy, about Daneliya Georgy [ne] (Russian film director); ALEXA NDRIA Na na, Alexandria Na us, to Alexandria Na not, about Alexandria Na not (Georgian chess player); CHKO NIYA Lamara, Chko niy Lama ry, to Chko niy Lama, about Chko niy Lama (Georgian actress).

3.12. Personal names I ya, Li ya, Vi ya, Ti ya, Gi ya (masculine Georgian name) are given gender and date forms. and sentence pad. with ending - II: And I, And and, to And and, about And and. There is a second way of inflecting these names: And I, And and, to I e, about I e. The dictionary gives preference to the first, i.e.: And I, And and, to And and, about And and.

3.13. For personal names and surnames of eastern origin such as Aliya, Alfiya, Zulfiya, gender and date forms are given. and sentence pad.: Zulfiya, -ii; to Zulfiya, about Zulfiya.

4. Male and female surnames and personal names ending with a consonant (including th)

4.1. Male surnames and personal names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are declined: DAL Vladi mir, Da la Vladi mir; BRECHT Berto lta, Brechta Berto lta [re].

4.2. Male and female surnames ending in - their, -s, do not bow: RAVENSKIKH Nikolai, Ravenskikh Nikolai (Russian director); CHEREMNY X Mikhai l, Cheremny X Mikhai la (Russian artist); Cheremny x, several. (feminine form).

4.3. To male names and surnames ending in hissing and - ts, the forms of the genus are given. and creativity pad. Under the stress of creation. pad. is written - O, and without accent - e, for example: Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc, Liszt Ferenc (Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor); BA RENZ Willem, Barents Willem, Barents Willem (Dutch navigator); BILA SH Aleksandra, Bilasha Aleksandra, Bilasho m Aleksandr (Russian composer); BA LAZH (Balash) Bela, Balazha (Balasha) Bely, Balazhem (Balash) Beloy (Hungarian writer). However, there are exceptions, for example: TE LESHOV Nikolai, Teleshova Nikola I (Russian writer); VLADI MIRTSOV Bori s, Vladi Mirtsova Bori sa (scientist - Mongolian); KOKO VTSOV Pa Vel, Koko Vtsova Pa Vla (Russian Semitic scientist).

4.4. Male surnames of East Slavic origin that have a fluent vowel during declension may have two variants of declension - with and without loss of the vowel, depending on the tradition of their use in literary speech. The Dictionary gives: ZA YATS Anatoly, ZA Yats Anatoly (Russian poet); SUDET Ts Vladi mir, SUDET Ts Vladi mir (Russian military leader); GRITSEVETS Sergei, Gritsevets Sergei (Russian pilot); LUCHENO K I Grief, Luchenka I Grief (Belarusian composer); KOVALYONOK Vladi Mir, Kovalyonka Vladi Mir (Russian cosmonaut); MAZURO K Yuri, Mazuro ka Yuri (Russian singer).

4.5. For male surnames and personal names of Western Slavic and Western European origin, gender forms are given. pad. without dropping a vowel, for example: GA SHEK Jarosla v, Gasheka Jarosla va (Czech writer); GA VRANEK Bo Guslav, GA VRANEK Bo Guslava [ne] (Czech linguist); GOTT Karel, Go tta Karela [re] (Czech singer).

4.6. Male Polish, Czech and Slovak surnames in - skiy, -Tsky usually given with full endings in the nominative case and declined according to Russian models (modeled on the declension of adjectives), for example: OLBRY KHSKI Danie l, Olbry KHSKI Danie la [ie] (Polish actor); OGINSKI (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas, Oginski (Oginski) Michal Kleo fas (Polish composer). But sometimes surnames of this type are used in an indeclinable form, for example: POLA NSKI Roman, Polanski Roma (Polish film director), although on the recommendation of experts they should be declined. The dictionary gives: POLANSKY (Polanskiy) Roman, Polanskiy (Polanskiy) Romana.

4.7. Women's surnames can be formed in different ways: with full endings (- Skye, -Tskaya) and with truncated (- ska, -tska). In both cases, they are more often declined according to Russian models (following the model of the declension of full adjectives), for example: BANDRO VSKA-TU RSKA Eva, Bandrovskaya-Turskaya E you (Polish singer); BRY LSKA Barbara, Brylska Barbara (Polish actress); CHERNY-STEFANSKA Galina, Czerny--Stefanska Galina (Polish pianist). Quite often, the name Brylskaya is pronounced incorrectly, placing emphasis on the first syllable: Barbara. But in Polish the stress is always on the penultimate syllable: Barbara ra. The Dictionary gives: BRY LSKA Barbara ra.

4.8. With borrowed male surnames ending in unstressed - ov, -in, genus forms are given. and creativity pad. with ending - ohm: DA RVIN Charles, Da Rvin Charles, Da Rvin Charles (English naturalist); CHA PLIN Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer, Chaplin Charles Spencer [peh, se] (American film actor, film director); FLO TOV Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich, Flotov Friedrich (German composer). Similar Russian surnames are in the works. pad. ending - th.

4.9. European female surnames with unstressed - ov, -in presented in the Dictionary in indeclinable form: HO JKIN Do roti, several. (English scientist, woman); CHA PLIN Geraldina, Cha PLIN Geraldina (American actress).

4.10. The Dictionary also includes male surnames with accent - in. If these are Russian and Russified male surnames, then they are inclined according to the general rule, i.e. they have a creative meaning. pad. percussion - th. Therefore, this form is not given in the Dictionary, for example: KARAMZI N Nikolai, Karamzina Nikolai; BUTURLI N Vasily, Buturlina Vasily.

4.11. Female surnames of the above type are also inclined according to the Russian model: ROSTOPCHINA Evdoki I, Rostopchino y Evdoki and (Russian poetess).

4.12. To borrowed non-Russified male surnames with an accent - in the form of creation is given. pad. with unstressed - ohm: RACINE Jean, Racine Jean, Racine Jean (French playwright); BARTOLI N Era zm, Bartoli on Era zm, Bartolin nom Era zm (Danish scientist).

4.13. Female surnames of this type are presented in an indeclinable version: DENEV Katri n [de], several. (French actress), BIRKI N Jane, several. (French actress).

4.14. Women's surnames and names ending in a consonant (hard or soft) are given in indeclinable form, for example: VOYNICH Etel el Lilian [te], several. (English writer); COURSE L Nico l [se], several. (French actress).

4.15. Female personal names of biblical origin (Agar, Rachel, Ruth, Shulami f, Esther, Judi f) are declined according to the type of declension of the word “salt” (sol, soli, with salt, about salt), for example; Agary, Agary, with Agary, about Agary. The Dictionary lists the forms gen., creative. and sentence pad. The name Rashe l (Rashel, Rashe li, with Rashe li, about Rashe li), but the stage name of the French actress RACHE L ( present femme. - Eli doesn’t bow to Rush el Feli x)

4.16. The name Lyubov is declined without dropping a vowel; the Dictionary provides forms of gender, date. and sentence fall: Love, Love, to Love, oh Love. The names Nine l and Assol fluctuate in declination. The dictionary gives: Nina l, -i [ne] (f. name); Assol, several. (f. name).

5. Complex borrowed names and surnames

5.1. In complex Western names and surnames, connected by a hyphen, the last word is declined: BELMONDO Jean-Paul, Belmondo Jean-Paul (French actor); RUSSO Zha-n-Zhak, Rousseau Zha-n-Zhaka (French writer and philosopher); KAPABLA NKA Jose -Rau l, Capabla nki Jose -Rau la [se] (Cuban chess player). If the second name is not inflected, then the first name takes on the function of inflection, for example: TRENTIGNA N Zsa n-Louis, Trentigna na Zsa na-Louis (French actor); GUY-LUSSA K Jose f-Louis, GAY-Lussa ka Jose f-Louis [ze] (French chemist and physicist).

5.2. In compound names and surnames of Vietnamese, Korean, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, etc., the last part is declined: KIM YONG NAM, Kim Yong Na ma (North-Correspondent statesman); BA THEIN TIN, Ba Thein Ti na [te] (Burmese statesman); CH A SIM, Che a Si ma (Cambodian statesman); LI PEN, Li Pe na (Chinese statesman).

6. Double surnames

In Russian double surnames, both parts are declined if their endings can be declined, for example: SOKOLO V-MIKITO V, Sokolo va-Mikitova (Russian writer); GOLENI SHCHEV-KUTU CALL, Shin Shcheva-Kutu Zov (Russian poet, philologist, literary critic), but: SOKOLO V-SKALYA, Sokolo va-Skalya (Russian artist).

If the first part is not used as an independent word, it does not decline: DE MUT-MALINO VSKY, De mut-Malinovsky (Russian sculptor); Grum-Grzhima Yilo Vladi mir, Grum-Grzhima ylo Vladi mira (Russian scientist-metallurgist); BO NC-BRUE HIV, Bo NC-BRUEVICH (Russian military leader).

Content

Compared to Europeans, the Chinese began using surnames before our era. Initially, they were characteristic only of the royal family and aristocracy, but gradually ordinary people began to use them. Some of them have transformed over time, while others have remained unchanged.

Origin of surnames

If some peoples still do not even have such a concept, then Chinese culture, on the contrary, takes this issue very seriously. Ancient Chinese surnames initially had two meanings:

• “xing” (xìng). A concept that was used to define blood relatives, family. Later, a meaning was added to it, indicating the place of origin of the clan. This concept was precisely used by representatives of the imperial family.
• "shi" (shi). It appeared later and was used to show family ties within the entire family. This was the name of the clan. Over time, it began to denote the similarity of people by occupation.

Over time, these differences disappeared. Today there are no differences between people, but the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire still treat their family with care, honor and carefully study it. An interesting fact is that Koreans use Chinese characters to write their personal names. They adopted them from the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom and made them Korean, for example, Chen.

Meaning of Chinese surnames

Chinese surnames and their meanings have different origins. They have a large number of them, but only about two dozen are widely distributed. Some originated from professional activity (Tao - potter). Part is based on the name of the states-possessions into which China was fragmented in feudal times (Chen), and part is named after the ancestor who gave the name to the clan (Yuan). But all foreigners were called Hu. Names, of which there are a huge number, are of greater importance in the country.

Translation

There are many dialects in the country, so the same name can sound completely different. Transliterating it into other languages ​​can change the meaning completely, since most of them do not convey intonation, which plays a large role in the Chinese language. Many languages ​​have developed special transcription systems in order to somehow unify the spelling and translation of Chinese surnames.

Chinese surnames in Russian

Last names in Chinese are always written first (one syllable), and only then the name is written (one or two syllables), since family comes first for them. In Russian, according to the rules, they are written similarly. A compound name is written together, and not with a hyphen, as was the case until recently. In modern Russian, the so-called Palladian system is used, which, with the exception of some amendments, has been used to record Chinese surnames in Russian since the nineteenth century.

Chinese male surnames

The nicknames of the Chinese do not differentiate by gender, which cannot be said about the name. In addition to the main name, twenty-year-old boys were given a second name (“zi”). Chinese male names and surnames carry the traits that a man should have:

• Bokin - respect for the winner;
• Guozhi – state order;
• Deming - dignity;
• Zhong – loyal, stable;
• Zian – peaceful;
• Iyngji – heroic;
• Kiang – strong;
• Liang – bright;
• Minj – sensitive and wise;
• Rong – military;
• Fa – outstanding;
• Juan - happiness;
• Cheng – achieved;
• Eiguo – country of love, patriot;
• Yun – brave;
• Yaozu – worshiper of ancestors.

Women's

Women in the Middle Kingdom leave their own after marriage. The Chinese do not have specific rules that guide them when naming a child. Here the main role is played by the imagination of the parents. Chinese female names and surnames characterize a woman as a gentle creature, full of affection and love:

• Ai – love;
• Venkian – purified;
• G – pure;
• Jiao – graceful, beautiful;
• Jiya – beautiful;
• Zhilan – rainbow orchid;
• Ki - beautiful jade;
• Kiaohui – experienced and wise;
• Kiyu – autumn moon;
• Xiaoli – morning jasmine;
• Xingjuan – grace;
• Lijuan – beautiful, graceful;
• Lihua – beautiful and prosperous;
• Meihui – beautiful wisdom;
• Ningong – calmness;
• Ruolan - like an orchid;
• Ting – graceful;
• Fenfang – fragrant;
• Huizhong – wise and loyal;
• Chenguang – morning, light;
• Shuang - frank, sincere;
• Yui – moon;
• Yuming – jade brightness;
• Yun – cloud;
• I am grace.

Declension

In Russian, some Chinese surnames are declined. This applies to those that end in a consonant. If they end in “o” or a soft consonant, then it remains unchanged. This applies to male names. Women's names remain unchanged. All these rules are observed if personal names are used separately. When they are written together, only the last part will be subject to declination. Assimilated Chinese personal names will be subject to full declension in Russian.

How many surnames are there in China?

It is difficult to determine exactly how many surnames there are in China, but it is known that only about a hundred of them are in widespread use. The Celestial Empire is a country with a population of many billions, but paradoxically, most of its inhabitants have the same surname. According to tradition, the child inherits it from his father, although recently only the son could wear it, the daughter took her mother’s. Currently, the names of the genus do not change, although at the initial stage the hereditary names could change. This makes life difficult for the official authorities as it is very difficult to maintain records in such circumstances.

An interesting fact, but almost all personal names in Chinese are written in one character, only a small part consists of two syllables, for example, Ouyang. Although there may be exceptions: the writing will consist of three or even four hieroglyphs. Chinese people with the same surname are not considered relatives, but only namesakes, although until recently people were prohibited from marrying if they had the same surname. Often the child could be given double births - father and mother.

Most common

This may seem funny to some, but just over twenty percent of the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom have three surnames. The most common Chinese surnames are Li, Wang, Zhang, Nguyen. In modern language there are even stable expressions like “three Zhangs, four Lis”, which mean “any”. They may have different spellings depending on the transliteration.

Funny Chinese first and last names

In accordance with the pronunciation, many foreign words look, if not funny, then bizarre when spoken by someone else. Therefore, even the most harmless word in a foreign language can cause laughter in a Russian person. But sometimes parents’ imagination leads to the fact that in the language itself, names can mean funny and sometimes just wild things. Funny Chinese first and last names:

• Sun Wyn;
• Sui Wyn;
• Chew Yourself;
• Get up Sun.