First trip around the world. Who made the first trip around the world

AMUNDSEN Rual
(1872-1928)

Travel routes

1903-1906 - Arctic expedition on the ship "Joa". R. Amundsen was the first to travel through the Northwest Passage from Greenland to Alaska and determined the exact position of the North Magnetic Pole at that time.
1910-1912 - Antarctic expedition on the ship "Fram".
On December 14, 1911, a Norwegian traveler with four companions on a dog sled reached the South Pole of the earth, ahead of the expedition of the Englishman Robert Scott by a month.
1918-1920 - on the ship “Maud” R. Amundsen sailed across the Arctic Ocean along the coast of Eurasia.
1926 - together with the American Lincoln Ellsworth and the Italian Umberto Nobile R. Amundsen flew on the airship "Norway" along the route Spitsbergen - North Pole - Alaska.
1928 - During the search for the missing expedition of U. Nobile Amundsen in the Barents Sea, he died.

Name on geographical map

A sea in the Pacific Ocean, a mountain in East Antarctica, a bay near the coast of Canada and a basin in the Arctic Ocean are named after the Norwegian explorer.
The US Antarctic research station is named after the pioneers: the Amundsen-Scott Pole.

Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich
(1778-1852)

Travel routes

1803-1806 - F.F. Bellingshausen took part in the first Russian circumnavigation under the command of I.F. Kruzenshtern on the ship “Nadezhda”. All the maps that were later included in the “Atlas for Captain Krusenstern’s trip around the world” were compiled by him.
1819-1821 - F.F. Bellingshausen led a round-the-world expedition to the South Pole.
On January 28, 1820, on the sloops “Vostok” (under the command of F.F. Bellingshausen) and “Mirny” (under the command of M.P. Lazarev), Russian sailors were the first to reach the shores of Antarctica.

Name on geographical map

A sea in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on South Sakhalin, an island in the Tuamotu archipelago, an ice shelf and a basin in Antarctica are named in honor of F.F. Bellingshausen.
A Russian Antarctic research station bears the name of the Russian navigator.

BERING Vitus Jonassen
(1681-1741)
Danish navigator and explorer in Russian service

Travel routes

1725-1730 - V. Bering led the 1st Kamchatka expedition, the purpose of which was to search for a land isthmus between Asia and America (there was no exact information about the voyage of S. Dezhnev and F. Popov, who actually discovered the strait between the continents in 1648). The expedition on the ship "St. Gabriel" rounded the shores of Kamchatka and Chukotka, discovered the island of St. Lawrence and the Strait (now the Bering Strait).
1733-1741 - 2nd Kamchatka, or Great Northern Expedition. On the ship "St. Peter" Bering crossed the Pacific Ocean, reached Alaska, explored and mapped its shores. On the way back, during the winter on one of the islands (now the Commander Islands), Bering, like many members of his team, died.

Name on geographical map

In addition to the strait between Eurasia and North America, islands, the sea in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and one of the largest glaciers in southern Alaska are named after Vitus Bering.

VAMBERY Arminius (Herman)
(1832-1913)
Hungarian orientalist

Travel routes

1863 - A. Vambery's journey under the guise of a dervish across Central Asia from Tehran through the Turkmen desert along the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea to Khiva, Mashhad, Herat, Samarkand and Bukhara.

VANCOUVER George
(1757-1798)
English navigator

Travel routes

1772-1775, 1776-1780 - J. Vancouver, as a cabin boy and midshipman, participated in the second and third voyages around the world by J. Cook.
1790-1795 - a round-the-world expedition under the command of J. Vancouver explored the northwestern coast of North America. It was determined that the proposed waterway connecting the Pacific Ocean and Hudson Bay did not exist.

Name on geographical map

Several hundred geographical objects are named in honor of J. Vancouver, including an island, bay, city, river, ridge (Canada), lake, cape, mountain, city (USA), bay (New Zealand).

GAMA Vasco yes
(1469-1524)
Portuguese navigator

Travel routes

1497-1499 - Vasco da Gama led an expedition that opened a sea route for Europeans to India around the African continent.
1502 - second expedition to India.
1524 - the third expedition of Vasco da Gama, already as Viceroy of India. He died during the expedition.

GOLOVNIN Vasily Mikhailovich
(1776-1831)
Russian navigator

Travel routes

1807-1811 - V.M. Golovnin leads the circumnavigation of the world on the sloop “Diana”.
1811 - V.M. Golovnin conducts research on the Kuril and Shantar Islands, the Tatar Strait.
1817-1819 - circumnavigation of the world on the sloop "Kamchatka", during which a description of part of the Aleutian ridge and the Commander Islands was made.

Name on geographical map

Several bays, a strait and an underwater mountain are named after the Russian navigator, as well as a city in Alaska and a volcano on the island of Kunashir.

HUMBOLDT Alexander, background
(1769-1859)
German natural scientist, geographer, traveler

Travel routes

1799-1804 - expedition to Central and South America.
1829 - travel across Russia: the Urals, Altai, Caspian Sea.

Name on geographical map

Ranges in Central Asia and North America, a mountain on the island of New Caledonia, a glacier in Greenland, a cold current in the Pacific Ocean, a river, a lake and a number of settlements in the USA are named after Humboldt.

A number of plants, minerals and even a crater on the Moon are named after the German scientist.
The university in Berlin is named after the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm Humboldt.

DEZHNEV Semyon Ivanovich
(c. 1605-1673)
Russian explorer, navigator

Travel routes

1638-1648 - S.I. Dezhnev took part in river and land campaigns in the area of ​​the Yana River, Oymyakon and Kolyma.
1648 - a fishing expedition led by S.I. Dezhnev and F.A. Popov circled the Chukotka Peninsula and reached the Gulf of Anadyr. This is how the strait was opened between the two continents, which was later named the Bering Strait.

Name on geographical map

A cape on the northeastern tip of Asia, a ridge in Chukotka and a bay in the Bering Strait are named after Dezhnev.

DRAKE Francis
(1540-1596)
English navigator and pirate

Travel routes

1567 - F. Drake took part in J. Hawkins' expedition to the West Indies.
Since 1570 - annual pirate raids in the Caribbean Sea.
1577-1580 - F. Drake led the second European voyage around the world after Magellan.

Name on geographical map

The widest strait on the globe, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is named after the brave navigator.

DUMONT-DURVILLE Jules Sebastien Cesar
(1790-1842)
French navigator and oceanographer

Travel routes

1826-1828 - circumnavigation of the world on the ship "Astrolabe", as a result of which part of the coasts of New Zealand and New Guinea were mapped and island groups in the Pacific Ocean were examined. On the island of Vanikoro, Dumont-D'Urville discovered traces of the lost expedition of J. La Perouse.
1837-1840 - Antarctic expedition.

Name on geographical map

The sea in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Antarctica is named after the navigator.
The French Antarctic scientific station is named after Dumont-D'Urville.

IBN BATTUTA Abu Abdallah Muhammad
Ibn al-Lawati at-Tanji
(1304-1377)
Arab traveler, wandering merchant

Travel routes

1325-1349 - Having set off from Morocco on a hajj (pilgrimage), Ibn Battuta visited Egypt, Arabia, Iran, Syria, Crimea, reached the Volga and lived for some time in the Golden Horde. Then, through Central Asia and Afghanistan, he arrived in India, visited Indonesia and China.
1349-1352 - travel to Muslim Spain.
1352-1353 - travel through Western and Central Sudan.

At the request of the ruler of Morocco, Ibn Battuta, together with a scientist named Juzai, wrote the book “Rihla”, where he summarized the information about the Muslim world that he collected during his travels.

COLUMBUS Christopher
(1451-1506)
Portuguese and Spanish navigator

Travel routes

1492-1493 - H. Columbus led the Spanish expedition, the purpose of which was to find the shortest sea route from Europe to India. During the voyage on three caravels "Santa Maria", "Pinta" and "Nina" the Sargasso Sea, the Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti were discovered.
October 12, 1492, when Columbus reached the island of Samana, is recognized as the official day of the discovery of America by Europeans.
During three subsequent expeditions across the Atlantic (1493-1496, 1498-1500, 1502-1504), Columbus discovered the Greater Antilles, part of the Lesser Antilles, the coasts of South and Central America and the Caribbean Sea.
Until the end of his life, Columbus was confident that he had reached India.

Name on geographical map

A state in South America, mountains and plateaus in North America, a glacier in Alaska, a river in Canada and several cities in the USA are named after Christopher Columbus.

In the United States of America there is Columbia University.

KRASHENINNIKOV Stepan Petrovich
(1711-1755)
Russian scientist-naturalist, first explorer of Kamchatka

Travel routes

1733-1743 - S.P. Krasheninnikov took part in the 2nd Kamchatka expedition. First, under the guidance of academicians G.F. Miller and I.G. Gmelin, he studied Altai and Transbaikalia. In October 1737, Krasheninnikov independently went to Kamchatka, where until June 1741 he conducted research, based on the materials of which he subsequently compiled the first “Description of the Land of Kamchatka” (vols. 1-2, ed. 1756).

Name on geographical map

An island near Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotskoye are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.

KRUZENSHTERN Ivan Fedorovich
(1770-1846)
Russian navigator, admiral

Travel routes

1803-1806 - I.F. Kruzenshtern led the first Russian round-the-world expedition on the ships “Nadezhda” and “Neva”. I.F. Kruzenshtern - author of the “Atlas of the South Sea” (vols. 1-2, 1823-1826)

Name on geographical map

The name of I.F. Kruzenshtern is borne by a strait in the northern part of the Kuril Islands, two atolls in the Pacific Ocean and the southeastern passage of the Korean Strait.

COOK James
(1728-1779)
English navigator

Travel routes

1768-1771 - round-the-world expedition on the frigate Endeavor under the command of J. Cook. The island position of New Zealand has been determined, the Great Barrier Reef and the east coast of Australia have been discovered.
1772-1775 - the goal of the second expedition headed by Cook on the Resolution ship (to find and map the Southern Continent) was not achieved. As a result of the search, the South Sandwich Islands, New Caledonia, Norfolk, and South Georgia were discovered.
1776-1779 - Cook's third round-the-world expedition on the ships "Resolution" and "Discovery" was aimed at finding the Northwest Passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The passage was not found, but the Hawaiian Islands and part of the Alaskan coast were discovered. On the way back, J. Cook was killed on one of the islands by the aborigines.

Name on geographical map

The highest mountain in New Zealand, a bay in the Pacific Ocean, islands in Polynesia and the strait between the North and South Islands of New Zealand are named after the English navigator.

LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich
(1788-1851)
Russian naval commander and navigator

Travel routes

1813-1816 - circumnavigation of the world on the ship "Suvorov" from Kronstadt to the shores of Alaska and back.
1819-1821 - commanding the sloop “Mirny”, M.P. Lazarev participated in a round-the-world expedition led by F.F. Bellingshausen.
1822-1824 - M.P. Lazarev led a round-the-world expedition on the frigate “Cruiser”.

Name on geographical map

A sea in the Atlantic Ocean, an ice shelf and an underwater trench in East Antarctica, and a village on the Black Sea coast are named after M.P. Lazarev.
The Russian Antarctic scientific station also bears the name of M.P. Lazarev.

LIVINGSTON David
(1813-1873)
English explorer of Africa

Travel routes

Since 1841 - numerous travels through the interior regions of South and Central Africa.
1849-1851 - studies of the Lake Ngami area.
1851-1856 - research of the Zambezi River. D. Livingston discovered the Victoria Falls and was the first European to cross the African continent.
1858-1864 - exploration of the Zambezi River, lakes Chilwa and Nyasa.
1866-1873 - several expeditions in search of the sources of the Nile.

Name on geographical map

Waterfalls on the Congo River and a city on the Zambezi River are named after the English traveler.

MAGELLAN Fernand
(c. 1480-1521)
Portuguese navigator

Travel routes

1519-1521 - F. Magellan led the first circumnavigation in the history of mankind. Magellan's expedition discovered the coast of South America south of La Plata, circumnavigated the continent, crossed the strait that was later named after the navigator, then crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached the Philippine Islands. On one of them, Magellan was killed. After his death, the expedition was led by J.S. Elcano, thanks to whom only one of the ships (Victoria) and the last eighteen sailors (out of two hundred and sixty-five crew members) were able to reach the shores of Spain.

Name on geographical map

The Strait of Magellan is located between the mainland of South America and the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

MIKLOUKHO-MACLAY Nikolai Nikolaevich
(1846-1888)
Russian scientist, explorer of Oceania and New Guinea

Travel routes

1866-1867 - travel to the Canary Islands and Morocco.
1871-1886 - study of the indigenous people of Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania, including the Papuans of the North-Eastern coast of New Guinea.

Name on geographical map

The Miklouho-Maclay coast is located in New Guinea.

Also named after Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho-Maclay is the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

NANSEN Fridtjof
(1861-1930)
Norwegian polar explorer

Travel routes

1888 - F. Nansen made the first ski crossing in history across Greenland.
1893-1896 - Nansen on the ship "Fram" drifted across the Arctic Ocean from the New Siberian Islands to the Spitsbergen archipelago. As a result of the expedition, extensive oceanographic and meteorological material was collected, but Nansen was unable to reach the North Pole.
1900 - expedition to study the currents of the Arctic Ocean.

Name on geographical map

An underwater basin and an underwater ridge in the Arctic Ocean, as well as a number of geographical features in the Arctic and Antarctic, are named after Nansen.

NIKITIN Afanasy
(? - 1472 or 1473)
Russian merchant, traveler in Asia

Travel routes

1466-1472 - A. Nikitin’s journey through the countries of the Middle East and India. On the way back, stopping at a Cafe (Feodosia), Afanasy Nikitin wrote a description of his travels and adventures - “Walking across Three Seas.”

PIRI Robert Edwin
(1856-1920)
American polar explorer

Travel routes

1892 and 1895 - two trips through Greenland.
From 1902 to 1905 - several unsuccessful attempts to conquer the North Pole.
Finally, R. Peary announced that he had reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909. However, seventy years after the death of the traveler, when, according to his will, the expedition diaries were declassified, it turned out that Piri was actually unable to reach the Pole; he stopped at 89˚55΄ N.

Name on geographical map

The peninsula in the far north of Greenland is called Peary Land.

Even from school geography lessons, we remember that the first voyage around the world in the history of mankind was made by the flotilla of the outstanding navigator Ferdinand Magellan. This fact is so well known that the question posed briefly and clearly: who made the first circumnavigation of the world? - the answer will probably follow, not without some surprise: how - who? Magellan!

But, despite the certainty of this answer, it is nevertheless not correct! If you look at a world map or globe, you can easily find the Philippine Islands stretched out in a chain in the South Pacific Ocean. And, again, without difficulty, make sure that this archipelago lies almost exactly halfway along the route of any ship that sets off from Europe on a voyage around the world: having overcome the Atlantic Ocean and passing through the Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of the American continent, the ship will emerge into the vast expanses of the Pacific Ocean and after will come to the Philippine Islands for some time. This is exactly the path taken by the flotilla under the command of Admiral Magellan. But in order to complete the circumnavigation of the world, it is still necessary to cross the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean, go around Africa from the south, go out again into the Atlantic Ocean and, after traveling thousands of miles, finally reach the European shores, where the voyage began.

Why do we remind you of this in such detail? Just to remind you of one more fact - sad, but indisputable: Ferdinand Magellan could not travel around the world, because he was killed halfway - precisely in the Philippines, on one of the islands in a skirmish with the inhabitants.

However, there is nothing unfair in the fact that the first trip around the world in our memory is firmly associated with the name of Magellan: this unprecedented expedition was organized and carried out according to his plan. Another thing that is unfair is that the name of the man who completed Magellan’s plan, the name of the man who first sailed his ship around the globe and thereby, in particular, proved in practice the sphericity of the Earth, was consigned to complete oblivion for almost four hundred years. Well, really, try to remember: does the name Elcano mean anything to you? Meanwhile, it is he, Juan Sebastian Elcano, who is the first sailor in the history of mankind to circumnavigate the world.

And it was like this...

A hereditary fisherman and sailor, a Basque from Gipuzkoa in the Spanish province, the owner and captain of a large ship, a participant in the sea voyages of the commanders Gonzalo de Cordova and Cisneros - you will agree that from this cursory listing emerges the image of a courageous and gray-haired sea wolf in battle. And yet, this “sea wolf” was barely twenty when he brought his ship back from his last campaign in Algeria, where the Spaniards inflicted a crushing defeat on the Moors. Brought him to... disappear for almost ten years. Why? For one simple reason: at all times, royalty made the most tempting promises with extraordinary ease, and when the time came to fulfill them, they forgot about them with the same ease. This happened this time too: the Spanish king Ferdinand, who promised to generously reward the participants in the Algerian campaign, as you might guess, was not going to remember his promises. If we were talking about him alone, the young captain Juan Sebastian Elcano might have come to terms with this blow - in any case, after a decade and a half, he did so, having again experienced the “generosity” of the monarch. But this time it was about a whole team that needed to be paid their honestly earned money. And Captain Elcano did an act that was not only fair, but also extremely courageous: he sold the ship and, having raised the required amount, paid the crew the due salary. Wait, you might say, of course, this is a fair act, but what does courage have to do with it?

The fact is that by royal decree it was strictly forbidden to sell ships to the Portuguese - Spain's successful rivals at sea. The offender faced such punishment that Elcano, having sold his own ship and paid off the crew, was forced, as we have already said, to disappear for almost ten years, and not only from the sight of the alguasils (policemen), but also historians: about this period in Unfortunately, we know little about the life of the future great navigator. More precisely - nothing specific. But still, we can confidently assume the main thing: he remained a sailor, and ten years did not pass in vain - by the age of thirty he was already an experienced and well-known sailor in his circle.

This is suggested by this precise and significant fact: when in 1518 Magellan began recruiting people for his ships, which were about to embark on an unprecedented voyage, Elcano was among the crew of one of the caravels. The seriousness of the offense ten years ago had not diminished in the least, for the royal decree knew no leniency. And the fact that King Ferdinand died long ago, and King Charles sat on the Spanish throne, who at the same time became the emperor of the “Holy Roman Empire,” did not change matters, because no one canceled the long-standing royal decree and Elcano still remained a criminal in the eyes of the law. And yet he was taken by Magellan. And this means only one thing: Elcano was a real sailor, and the admiral was ready to turn a blind eye to his long-standing misconduct. Moreover, Juan Sebastian was taken not as a simple sailor, but as a boatswain; that is, a person who in those days was obliged to take an active part in preparing the expedition. And just a few months later, even before sailing, Elcano was appointed navigator of one of the ships of Magellan’s flotilla. Of course, such a meteoric rise could only be achieved by a person whose qualities - seafaring talent, experience and fearlessness - were undeniable.

And the fact that these qualities were indisputable is evidenced, albeit indirectly for now, by another fact. It is known that from the very beginning the voyage was marred by constant conflicts between the Spanish captains and the Portuguese commander of the flotilla. These conflicts escalated into open rebellion, the goal of which was to remove Magellan. The admiral managed to suppress the riot and deal with the rebels in full accordance with the harsh laws of that time: one of the captains was executed, the other was landed on the deserted coast of Patagonia, which also meant death, only slow.

Dozens of mutinous sailors were chained. Among them was the former navigator of the Concepcion caravel, Juan Sebastian Elcano... But barely six months had passed, and the ship's blacksmith removed the chains from the rebellious navigator, because Admiral Magellan, to use a modern expression, “reinstated him in office.” It is impossible to suspect Magellan of being kind-hearted - according to contemporaries, he was a man of such severity that it often reached the point of cruelty, he was a true son of his time, when a person’s life was valued no more than one maravedi, or, in our words, a broken penny. And at the same time, it was the time of the Great Geographical Discoveries, when the qualities that the Basque sailor Elcano was so generously endowed with began to acquire true value.

The wisdom of Magellan’s decision is difficult to overestimate: we do not know whether he would have been able to complete this unprecedented voyage around the world if he had not died absurdly halfway, but we know for sure that it would have ended ingloriously after his death if not for Elcano.

After the death of the admiral, his successive successors, Captains-General Espinosa and Carvalho, took the last two surviving ships to the shores of Borneo, where they embarked on a real robbery. Only six months later the ships reached the Moluccas. And here one of the flotilla’s caravels, the Trinidad, was forced to undergo repairs, without which it could not continue its journey. Thus, from Magellan’s entire flotilla there was only one ship left - the Victoria caravel, and its captain was none other than Juan Sebastian Elcano.

The meaning of this fact is as follows: it was at this moment that... the trip around the world began! Let me ask, you may be surprised, how can this be?! Swimming started a year and a half ago!

True, and nevertheless... But in order for everything to become clear, let's return to Magellan. And let's start with the fact that the goal of the expedition was not to circumnavigate the world.

Her goal was cloves, black pepper and other spices, so prized in the aristocratic circles of Europe and literally worth their weight in gold. The trouble was that these spices grew very, very far away, on the islands of the Indian Ocean. Or rather, it was not so bad, because the sailors of that time managed to get even to the Moluccas, the main spice region, in their poor little boats. The trouble for the Spaniards was that the sea route from Europe to Southeast Asia was ruled entirely by their ancient enemies and rivals - the Portuguese, who, without hesitation, sank any foreign ship that dared to set sail to the Moluccas.

Thus, for Spanish spice hunters, the route from Europe to the south along Africa and further, from its southern tip to the east, was closed. Magellan came up with the idea to try to reach the Moluccas not from the east, but from the west. This idea was rejected by the Portuguese king, for whom Magellan served - why look for another western path if the Portuguese undividedly owned the well-trodden eastern path? It was then that Magellan offered his idea and his services to the Spanish King Charles. But as we would say today, there was nowhere to go: spices were needed, but the road to them was inaccessible. And Magellan received the opportunity to equip a flotilla and set off on a voyage, the main and only goal of which was to find a western route to the Moluccas. This path, as we know, was found at the cost of incredible suffering and hardship. Magellan himself did not reach the Moluccas, dying, as you remember, a little earlier. But if this had not happened and he had reached the main goal of the voyage himself, what would have happened next? In other words, would he have led his ships further, to the west, so that, having gone around Africa along the already known eastern route, he would have returned to Europe, or would he have turned back?

It is difficult to say, but the following can be assumed with a high degree of probability. So, the main goal of the voyage - the opening of the western route to the Moluccas - was achieved. This path existed, the Portuguese had no idea about it, so they could safely return home without any risk of meeting them along a newly discovered path. That is why we have the right to assume that Magellan, having loaded the ships with the spices so desired by His Majesty Charles, would have turned back - across the Pacific Ocean.

But if we cannot know exactly what decision Magellan would have made, we know Elcano’s decision: he did not turn back, but led his ship further. The second stage of the voyage began, namely the round-the-world one. Avoiding encounters with Portuguese ships, Elcano took the Victoria much south of the well-known eastern route. In other words, he led and brought his ship to Europe along a path previously untrodden by anyone!

Somehow keeping afloat, the ship Victoria, dilapidated after a three-year voyage, dropped anchor off the coast of Spain on September 7, 1522. On the one ship that survived from the entire flotilla, only eighteen surviving sailors returned. These eighteen people circumnavigated the globe for the first time and proved the sphericity of the planet and the fact that there is a single World Ocean.

How were these people, who had accomplished an unprecedented feat in the history of navigation, welcomed home? It’s hard to believe, but it was like this: Elcano and his comrades were subjected to many weeks of interrogation, the purpose of which was to find out: was the entire cargo of spices taken in the Moluccas handed over to royal officials or did the sailors hide part of this cargo? Can you imagine, this was most important for the King of Spain, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his officials! And the fact that for the first time in history a circumnavigation of the world was accomplished, that nine-tenths of the flotilla crew died during this three-year voyage across four oceans, unprecedented in terms of difficulties and trials - all this had absolutely no meaning!

When the authorities, not without surprise, were finally convinced that the precious cargo from the Moluccas had been delivered and delivered completely intact, the king-emperor decided to generously reward Elcano. And do you know what this reward was? Charles V forgave the great navigator for that thirteen-year-old offense to which the previous king forced the young captain with his “generosity”! In addition, in an impulse of the same generosity, Charles V was about to assign Juan Sebastian a pension of 500 escudos, but he immediately came to his senses and delayed its payment until Elcano returned from his second voyage to the Moluccas. It is unlikely that Juan Sebastian was surprised by this decision, which testified to the “generosity” of the emperor, because any Spanish sailor knew the bitter words of Columbus, spoken by him shortly before his death: “After twenty years of hard work and danger, I don’t even have my own shelter in Spain.” . This was the fate of many outstanding navigators, and not only navigators, and Elcano was no exception...

On July 24, 1525, a flotilla of seven ships under the command of Captain-General Loaiza and the great helmsman Elcano set out on a new voyage to the Moluccas - a voyage from which Juan Sebastian was not destined to return. Emperor Charles retained his five hundred escudos... Elcano's health was undermined by the most severe trials, and on August 6, 1526, the courageous captain, who was not yet forty, died on his flagship ship "Santa Maria de la Victoria"... The grave of his great the navigator who circumnavigated the globe for the first time in the history of mankind is located in the middle of the great Pacific Ocean...

For many years, the name and feat of the world's first circumnavigator were consigned to oblivion and remained unknown to descendants for more than four centuries.

Agree, reader, that you did not know everything that was said before. Many had not even heard the name Elcano, and when asked: who made the first trip around the world, they answered with complete confidence; Magellan!

The discoveries of Russian travelers are amazing. Let us present, in chronological order, brief descriptions of the seven most significant trips around the world of our compatriots.

The first Russian trip around the world - Around the World Expedition of Kruzenshtern and Lisyansky

Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern and Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky were combat Russian sailors: both in 1788–1790. participated in four battles against the Swedes. The voyage of Krusenstern and Lisyansky is the beginning of a new era in the history of Russian navigation.

The expedition started from Kronstadt on July 26 (August 7), 1803, under the leadership of Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, who was 32 years old. The expedition included:

• Three-masted sloop "Nadezhda". The total number of the team is 65 people. Commander - Ivan Fedorovich Krusenstern.
• Three-masted sloop "Neva". The total number of the ship's crew is 54 people. Commander - Lisyansky Yuri Fedorovich.

Every single one of the sailors were Russian - this was Kruzenshtern’s condition

In July 1806, with a difference of two weeks, the Neva and Nadezhda returned to the Kronstadt roadstead, completing the entire journey in 3 years 12 days. Both of these sailing ships, like their captains, became famous throughout the world. The first Russian round-the-world expedition had enormous scientific significance on a global scale.
As a result of the expedition, many books were published, about two dozen geographical points were named after famous captains.

The description of the expedition was published under the title “Journey around the world in 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806 on the ships “Nadezhda” and “Neva”, under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Kruzenshtern,” in 3 volumes, with an atlas of 104 maps and engraved paintings, and has been translated into English, French, German, Dutch, Swedish, Italian and Danish.

And now, to answer the question: “Which Russian was the first to travel around the world?”, You can answer without difficulty.

Discovery of Antarctica - round-the-world expedition of Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev

In 1819, after long and very careful preparation, a south polar expedition set off from Kronstadt on a long voyage, consisting of two military sloops - “Vostok” and “Mirny”. The first was commanded by Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen, the second by Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. The crew of the ships consisted of experienced, experienced sailors. There was a long journey ahead to unknown countries. The expedition was given the task of how to penetrate further to the south in order to finally resolve the question of the existence of the Southern Continent.
The expedition members spent 751 days at sea and covered more than 92 thousand kilometers. 29 islands and one coral reef were discovered. The scientific materials she collected made it possible to form the first idea of ​​Antarctica.
Russian sailors not only discovered a huge continent located around the South Pole, but also conducted important research in the field of oceanography. This branch of spiders was just emerging at that time. F. F. Bellingshausen was the first to correctly explain the causes of sea currents (for example, the Canary), the origin of algae in the Sargasso Sea, as well as coral islands in tropical areas.
The discoveries of the expedition turned out to be a major achievement of Russian and world geographical science of that time.
And so January 16 (28), 1820 is considered - opening day of Antarctica. Bellingshausen and Lazarev, despite dense ice and fog, passed around Antarctica at latitudes from 60° to 70° and irrefutably proved the existence of land in the region of the south pole.
Amazingly, the proof of the existence of Antarctica was immediately recognized as an outstanding geographical discovery. However, then scientists argued for more than a hundred years about what had been discovered. Was it a mainland, or just a group of islands covered by a common cap of ice? Bellingshausen himself never spoke about the discovery of the mainland. The continental nature of Antarctica was finally confirmed only in the middle of the 20th century as a result of lengthy research using complex technical means.

Traveling around the world by bike

On August 10, 1913, the finish line of a round-the-world bicycle race took place in Harbin, which was ridden by a 25-year-old Russian athlete, Onisim Petrovich Pankratov.

This journey lasted 2 years 18 days. Pankratov chose a rather difficult route. Countries from almost all of Europe were included in it. Having left Harbin in July 1911, the courageous cyclist arrived in St. Petersburg at the end of autumn. Then his path ran through Konigsberg, Switzerland, Italy, Serbia, Turkey, Greece and again through Turkey, Italy, France, Southern Spain, Portugal, Northern Spain and again through France.
The Swiss authorities considered Pankratov crazy. No one would dare to ride a bicycle through snow-covered rocky passes that are accessible only to experienced climbers. It took a lot of effort for the cyclist to overcome the mountains. He crossed Italy, passed through Austria, Serbia, Greece and Turkey. He simply had to sleep under the starry sky; often he only had water and bread for food, but he still did not stop traveling.

After crossing the Pas-de-Calais by boat, the athlete crossed England on a bicycle. Then, having also arrived in America on a ship, he again got on a bicycle and rode the entire American continent, following the route New York ─ Chicago ─ San Francisco. And from there by ship to Japan. Then he crossed Japan and China on a bicycle, after which Pankratov reached the initial point of his grandiose route - Harbin.

A distance of more than 50 thousand kilometers was covered on a bicycle. His father suggested that Onesimus make such a trip around the earth

Pankratov's trip around the world was called great by his contemporaries. The Gritzner bicycle helped him travel around the world; during the trip, Onisim had to change 11 chains, 2 steering wheels, 53 tires, 750 spokes, etc.

Around the Earth - the first space flight

At 9 o'clock 7 min. Moscow time, the Vostok spacecraft took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Having flown around the globe, he returned safely to Earth 108 minutes later. There was a pilot-cosmonaut, Major, on board the ship.
The weight of the spacecraft-satellite is 4725 kilograms (excluding the last stage of the launch vehicle), the total power of the rocket engines is 20 million horsepower.

The first flight took place in automatic mode, in which the astronaut was, as it were, a passenger on the ship. However, at any moment he could switch the ship to manual control. Throughout the entire flight, two-way radio communication was maintained with the astronaut.

In orbit, Gagarin carried out simple experiments: he drank, ate, and made notes in pencil. “Putting” the pencil next to him, he accidentally discovered that it instantly began to float away. From this, Gagarin concluded that it is better to tie pencils and other objects in space. He recorded all his sensations and observations on the on-board tape recorder.
After successfully carrying out the planned research and completing the flight program at 10 o'clock. 55 min. Moscow time, the satellite ship "Vostok" made a safe landing in a given area of ​​the Soviet Union - near the village of Smelovka, Ternovsky district, Saratov region.

The first people who met the astronaut after the flight were the wife of a local forester, Anna (Anikhayat) Takhtarova, and her six-year-old granddaughter Rita. Soon, military personnel from the division and local collective farmers arrived at the scene of events. One group of military men took guard over the descent module, and the other took Gagarin to the unit’s location. From there, Gagarin reported by telephone to the commander of the air defense division:

Please convey to the Air Force Commander-in-Chief: I completed the task, landed in the given area, I feel good, there are no bruises or breakdowns. Gagarin

Immediately after Gagarin’s landing, the burnt descent module of Vostok-1 was covered with a cloth and taken to Podlipki, near Moscow, to the sensitive territory of the royal OKB-1. Later it became the main exhibit in the museum of the rocket and space corporation Energia, which grew out of OKB-1. The museum was closed for a long time (it was possible to get into it, but it was quite difficult - only as part of a group, with a preliminary letter), in May 2016 the Gagarin ship became publicly accessible, as part of the exhibition.

First circumnavigation of a submarine without surfacing

February 12, 1966 - a successful round-the-world voyage of two nuclear submarines of the Northern Fleet began. Moreover, our boats passed the entire route, the length of which exceeded the length of the equator, underwater, without surfacing even in little-studied areas of the Southern Hemisphere. The heroism and courage of Soviet submariners had outstanding national significance and became a continuation of the combat traditions of submariners of the Great Patriotic War.

25 thousand miles were covered and the highest degree of secrecy was demonstrated; the voyage took 1.5 months

Two serial production submarines without any modifications were allocated to participate in the campaign. The K-116 missile boat of Project 675 and the second K-133 boat of Project 627A, which has torpedo armament.

In addition to its enormous political significance, it was an impressive demonstration of the scientific and technological achievements and military power of the state. The campaign showed that the entire oceans have become a global launching pad for our nuclear submarines armed with both cruise and ballistic missiles. At the same time, it opened up new opportunities for maneuvering forces between the Northern and Pacific fleets. In a broader sense, we can say that at the height of the Cold War, the historical role of our fleet was to change the strategic situation in the World Ocean, and Soviet submariners were the first to do this.

The first and only voyage in the history of solo circumnavigations on a 5.5 meter long dinghy

On July 7, 1992, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Gvozdev set off from Makhachkala on his first solo circumnavigation of the world on the yacht “Lena” (micro class, length only 5.5 meters). On July 19, 1996, the journey was successfully completed (it took 4 years and two weeks). This set a world record - the first and only voyage in the history of solo circumnavigations made on an ordinary pleasure dinghy. Evgeny Gvozdev went on a long-awaited trip around the world when he was 58 years old.

Surprisingly, the ship did not have an auxiliary engine, radio, autopilot or cooker. But there was a treasured “sailor’s passport”, which the new Russian authorities issued to the yachtsman after a year of struggle. This document not only helped Evgeny Gvozdev cross the border in the direction he needed: subsequently Gvozdev traveled without money and without visas.
On his journey, our hero experienced a severe psychological shock after a collision with treacherous Somali “guerrillas” who, at Cape Ras Hafun, robbed him completely and almost shot him.

His entire first trip around the world can be described in one word: “in spite of.” The chance of survival was too slim. Evgeny Gvozdev himself sees the world differently: this is a world similar to a single brotherhood of good people, a world of complete selflessness, a world without obstacles to global circulation...

In a hot air balloon around the Earth - Fedor Konyukhov

Fyodor Konyukhov was the first in the world to fly around the Earth in a hot air balloon (on his first attempt). A total of 29 attempts were made, and only three of them were successful. During the trip, Fedor Konyukhov set several world records, the main one of which was the duration of the flight. The traveler managed to fly around the Earth in about 11 days, 5 hours and 31 minutes.
The balloon was a two-level design that combined the use of helium and solar energy. Its height is 60 meters. A gondola equipped with the best technical instruments was attached below, from where Konyukhov piloted the ship.

I thought that I had committed so many sins that I would burn not in hell, but here

The journey took place under extreme conditions: the temperature dropped to -40 degrees, the balloon found itself in a zone of strong turbulence with zero visibility, and there was also a cyclone with hail and strong winds. Due to difficult weather conditions, the equipment failed several times and Fedor had to manually fix the problems.

During the 11 days of the flight, Fedor hardly slept. According to him, even a moment of relaxation could lead to irreversible consequences. At moments when it was no longer possible to fight sleep, he took an adjustable wrench and sat down over an iron plate. As soon as the eyes were closed, the hand released the key, it fell onto the plate, making a noise, causing the aeronaut to instantly wake up. At the end of the journey, he performed this procedure regularly. It nearly exploded at a great height when different types of gas mistakenly began to mix. It’s good that I managed to cut off the flammable cylinder.
Along the entire route, air traffic controllers at various airports around the world helped Konyukhov as best they could, clearing the airspace for him. So he flew across the Pacific Ocean in 92 hours, crossed through Chile and Argentina, rounded a thunderstorm front over the Atlantic, passed the Cape of Good Hope and returned safely to Australia, where he began his journey.

Fedor Konyukhov:

I circled the Earth in 11 days, it is very small, it must be protected. We don’t even think about it, we people only fight. The world is so beautiful - explore it, get to know it

Every educated person can easily remember the name of the one who made the first trip around the world and crossed the Pacific Ocean. This was done by the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan about 500 years ago.

But it should be noted that this formulation is not completely correct. Magellan thought through and planned the route of the voyage, organized it and led it, but he was destined to die many months before it was completed. So Juan Sebastian del Cano (Elcano), a Spanish navigator with whom Magellan had, to put it mildly, not friendly relations, continued and completed the first trip around the world. It was del Cano who eventually became captain of the Victoria (the only ship to return to her home harbour) and gained fame and fortune. However, Magellan made great discoveries during his dramatic voyage, which will be discussed below, and therefore he is considered the first circumnavigator.

The first trip around the world: background

In the 16th century, Portuguese and Spanish sailors and merchants vied with each other for control of the spice-rich East Indies. The latter made it possible to preserve food, and it was difficult to do without them. There was already a proven route to the Moluccas, where the largest markets with the cheapest goods were located, but this route was not close and unsafe. Due to limited knowledge about the world, America, discovered not so long ago, seemed to sailors as an obstacle on the way to rich Asia. No one knew whether there was a strait between South America and the hypothetical Unknown South Land, but the Europeans wanted there to be one. They did not yet know that America and East Asia were separated by a huge ocean, and they thought that opening the strait would provide quick access to Asian markets. Therefore, the first navigator to circumnavigate the world would certainly have been awarded royal honors.

Career of Ferdinand Magellan

By the age of 39, the impoverished Portuguese nobleman Magellan (Magalhães) had visited Asia and Africa several times, was wounded in battles with the natives and collected a lot of information about his travels to the shores of America.

With his idea of ​​getting to the Moluccas by the western route and returning the usual way (that is, making the first trip around the world), he turned to the Portuguese King Manuel. He was not at all interested in Magellan’s proposal, whom he also disliked for his lack of loyalty. But he allowed Fernand to change his citizenship, which he immediately took advantage of. The navigator settled in Spain (that is, in a country hostile to the Portuguese!), acquired a family and associates. In 1518, he obtained an audience with the young king Charles I. The king and his advisers became interested in finding a shortcut for spices and “gave the go-ahead” to organize the expedition.

Along the coast. Riot

Magellan's first voyage around the world, which was never completed for most of the team members, began in 1519. Five ships left the Spanish harbor of San Lucar, carrying 265 people from different European countries. Despite the storms, the flotilla relatively safely reached the coast of Brazil and began to “descend” along it to the south. Fernand hoped to find a strait into the South Sea, which should have been located, according to his information, in the region of 40 degrees south latitude. But in the indicated place it was not the strait, but the mouth of the La Plata River. Magellan ordered to continue moving south, and when the weather completely deteriorated, the ships anchored in the Bay of St. Julian (San Julian) to spend the winter there. The captains of three ships (Spaniards by nationality) mutinied, seized the ships and decided not to continue the first trip around the world, but to head for the Cape of Good Hope and from there to their homeland. People loyal to the admiral managed to do the impossible - recapture the ships and cut off the rebels' escape route.

Strait of All Saints

One captain was killed, another was executed, the third was put ashore. Magellan pardoned the ordinary rebels, which once again proved his foresight. Only at the end of the summer of 1520 did the ships leave the bay and continue searching for the strait. During a storm, the ship Santiago sank. And on October 21, the sailors finally discovered a strait, more reminiscent of a narrow crevice between the rocks. Magellan's ships sailed along it for 38 days.

The admiral called the coast remaining on the left hand Tierra del Fuego, since Indian fires burned on it around the clock. It was thanks to the discovery of the Strait of All Saints that Ferdinand Magellan began to be considered the one who made the first trip around the world. Subsequently, the Strait was renamed Magellan.

Pacific Ocean

Only three ships left the strait for the so-called “South Sea”: “San Antonio” disappeared (simply deserted). The sailors liked the new waters, especially after the turbulent Atlantic. The ocean was named Pacific.

The expedition headed northwest, then west. For several months the sailors sailed without seeing any signs of land. Starvation and scurvy caused the death of almost half the crew. Only at the beginning of March 1521 did ships approach two yet undiscovered inhabited islands from the Mariana group. From here it was already close to the Philippines.

Philippines. Death of Magellan

The discovery of the islands of Samar, Siargao and Homonkhon greatly pleased the Europeans. Here they regained their strength and communicated with local residents, who willingly shared food and information.

Magellan's servant, a Malay, spoke fluently with the natives in the same language, and the admiral realized that the Moluccas were very close. By the way, this servant, Enrique, ultimately became one of those who made the first trip around the world, unlike his master, who was not destined to land on the Moluccas. Magellan and his people intervened in an internecine war between two local princes, and the navigator was killed (either with a poisoned arrow or with a cutlass). Moreover, after some time, as a result of a treacherous attack by savages, his closest associates, experienced Spanish sailors, died. The team was so thin that it was decided to destroy one of the ships, the Concepcion.

Moluccas. Return to Spain

Who led the first voyage around the world after Magellan's death? Juan Sebastian del Cano, Basque sailor. He was among the conspirators who presented Magellan with an ultimatum at San Julian Bay, but the admiral forgave him. Del Cano commanded one of the two remaining ships, the Victoria.

He ensured that the ship returned to Spain loaded with spices. This was not easy to do: the Portuguese were waiting for the Spaniards off the coast of Africa, who from the very beginning of the expedition did everything to upset the plans of their competitors. The second ship, the flagship Trinidad, was boarded by them; sailors were enslaved. Thus, in 1522, 18 expedition members returned to San Lucar. The cargo they delivered covered all the costs of the expensive expedition. Del Cano was awarded a personal coat of arms. If in those days someone had said that Magellan made the first trip around the world, he would have been ridiculed. The Portuguese only faced accusations of violating royal instructions.

Results of Magellan's journey

Magellan explored the eastern coast of South America and discovered a strait from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Thanks to his expedition, people received strong evidence that the Earth was indeed round, they were convinced that the Pacific Ocean was much larger than expected, and that sailing on it to the Moluccas was unprofitable. Europeans also realized that the World Ocean is one and washes all continents. Spain satisfied its ambitions by announcing the discovery of the Mariana and Philippine Islands, and laid claim to the Moluccas.

All the great discoveries made during this voyage belong to Ferdinand Magellan. So the answer to the question of who made the first trip around the world is not so obvious. In fact, this man was del Cano, but still the main achievement of the Spaniard was that the world generally learned about the history and results of this voyage.

The first round-the-world voyage of Russian navigators

In 1803-1806, Russian sailors Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky made a large-scale journey through the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Their goals were: exploring the Far Eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, finding a convenient trade route to China and Japan by sea, and providing the Russian population of Alaska with everything they needed. The navigators (set off on two ships) explored and described Easter Island, the Marquesas Islands, the coast of Japan and Korea, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Yesso Island, visited Sitka and Kodiak, where Russian settlers lived, and also delivered an ambassador from the emperor to Japan. During this voyage, domestic ships visited high latitudes for the first time. The first round-the-world trip of Russian explorers had a huge public resonance and contributed to increasing the prestige of the country. Its scientific significance is no less great.

The man under whose leadership the first trip around the world took place was Ferdinand Magellan. From the very beginning, when before sailing part of the command staff (primarily sailors) refused to serve the Portuguese, it became obvious that this circumnavigation will be extremely difficult.

The beginning of a trip around the world. Magellan's Path

On August 10, 1519, 5 ships left the port of Seville and set off on a voyage, the goals of which were based only on Magellan’s intuition. In those days, no one believed that the Earth was round, and naturally, this caused great concern among the sailors, because as they moved further and further from the port, their fear of never returning home grew stronger.

The expedition included the following ships: “Trinidad” (under the command of Magellan, the head of the expedition), “Santo Antonio”, “Concepcion”, “Sant Iago” and the carrack Victoria (later one of the two ships that returned back).

The most interesting thing for you!

The first clash of interests occurred near the Canary Islands, when Magellan, without warning or agreement with other captains, slightly changed course. Juan de Cartagena (captain of the Santo Antonio) harshly criticized Magellan, and after Fernand refused to go back to his previous course, he began to persuade the officers and sailors. Having learned about this, the head of the expedition called the rebel to him, and in the presence of other officers he ordered him to be shackled and thrown into the hold.

One of the passengers on the first trip around the world was Antonio Pifaghetta, a man who described all the adventures in his diary. It is thanks to him that we know such exact facts of the expedition. It should be noted that riots have always been a great danger, for example, the sailing ship Bounty became famous thanks to the mutiny against its captain William Bligh.

However, fate decreed otherwise for Bly; he still managed to become a hero in the service of Horatio Nelson. Magellan's circumnavigation of the world predates the year of Admiral Nelson's birth by about 200 years.

The hardships of circumnavigation for sailors and officers

Meanwhile, some officers and sailors began to express open dissatisfaction with the voyage, they called a riot demanding they return back to Spain. Ferdinand Magellan was determined and put an end to the uprising by force. The captain of the Victoria (one of the instigators) was killed. Seeing Magellan’s determination, no one else contradicted him, but the next night 2 ships voluntarily tried to sail home. The plan failed and both captains, once on the deck of the Trinidad, were put on trial and shot.

Having survived the winter, the ships set off back on the same course, the trip around the world continued - Magellan was sure that a strait existed in South America. And he was not mistaken. On October 21, the squadron reached the cape (now called Cape Virgenes), which turned out to be a strait. The fleet traveled through the strait for 22 days. This time was enough for the captain of the ship "Santo Antonio" to disappear from sight and go back to Spain. Coming out of the strait, the sailing ships entered the Pacific Ocean for the first time. By the way, the name of the ocean was invented by Magellan, since during 4 months of difficult passage along it, the ships never got caught in a storm. However, in fact, the ocean is not so quiet; James Cook, who visited these waters more than once 250 years later, was not happy with it.

Having emerged from the strait, the squadron of discoverers moved into the unknown, where the round-the-world journey lasted for 4 months of continuous wanderings across the ocean, without encountering a single piece of land (not counting 2 islands that turned out to be deserted). 4 months is a very good indicator for those times, but the fastest clipper of Thermopylae could cover this distance in less than a month, and Cutty Sark, by the way, too. At the beginning of March 1521, the pioneers saw inhabited islands on the horizon, which Magellan later named Landrones and Vorovskiye.

Circumnavigation: half way completed

So, for the first time in history, sailors crossed the Pacific Ocean and found themselves on inhabited islands. In this regard, the trip around the world began to bear fruit. There, not only fresh water supplies were replenished, but also food supplies, for which the sailors exchanged all sorts of small things with the natives. But the behavior of the tribe's inhabitants forced them to quickly leave these islands. After 7 days of sailing, Magellan found new islands, which today are known to us as the Philippine Islands.

On the San Lazaro Archipelago (as the Philippine Islands were first called), travelers met natives with whom they began to establish trade relations. Magellan became such good friends with the Rajah of the tribe that he decided to help this new vassal of Spain in solving a problem. As the raja explained, on the neighboring islands another raja of the tribe refused to pay tribute and he did not know what to do.

Ferdinand Magellan ordered preparations for military operations on a neighboring piece of land. It was this battle that would be the last for the head of the expedition; the trip around the world would end without him... On the island of Mactan (the enemy’s island), he lined up his soldiers in 2 columns and began to fire at the natives. However, nothing worked for him: the bullets only pierced the shields of the natives and sometimes affected limbs. Seeing this situation, the local population began to defend themselves even more vigorously and began to throw spears at the captain.

Then Magellan ordered their houses to be burned in order to put pressure on fear, but this maneuver only angered the natives more and they took more closely to their goal. For about an hour, the Spaniards fought off the spears with all their might, until the strongest onslaught on the captain bore fruit: seeing Magellan’s position, the natives pounced on him and instantly threw stones and spears at him. Until his last breath, he watched his people and waited until they all left the island on boats. The Portuguese was killed on April 27, 1521, when he was 41 years old. Magellan, with his trip around the world, proved the great hypothesis and thereby changed the world.

The Spaniards failed to obtain the body. In addition, a surprise awaited the sailors on the island of the friendly Raja. One of the natives lied to his master and reported on an impending attack on the island. The Raja summoned the officers from the ship to his home and brutally massacred the 26 crew members there. Having learned about the massacre, the acting captain of the ships ordered to come closer to the village and shoot it with cannons.