Why Russians can celebrate Shakespeare's memory. What was Ivan Turgenev really like?

A. N. Ostrovsky
(1832-1886)

1. Continuing the family tradition, what profession did Ostrovsky initially choose?
2. In what courts did young Ostrovsky serve, gaining experience, which was later very useful to him?
3. What did Ostrovsky’s contemporaries call for the discovery of a new “land” in Russian literature: “Columbus...”?
4. Among the early literary experiences of the aspiring playwright was an essay in prose in the spirit of the natural school: “Notes ... ...”. Whom?
5. How did he initially title his first comedy in the style of the writer he admired?
6. Why, by whom and for how long was it banned from theatrical performance?
7. Whose commendable review, written on a piece of paper in pencil, did Ostrovsky “later keep like a jewel”?
8. Which of the Russian writers, Ostrovsky’s senior contemporaries, said: “Until now, I considered three tragedies in Rus': “The Minor,” “Woe from Wit,” and “The Inspector General.” On “Bankrupt” I put number four”? What name did Ostrovsky’s play “Bankrupt” subsequently receive?
9. Which of the heroes of “We Are Our Own People Are Numbered” can be called the “Russian Tartuffe”?
10. What kind of groom does Lipochka dream of and what other bride from the play of Ostrovsky’s predecessor does she resemble?
11. What kind of continuity from the older generation to the younger does the author show in the “dark kingdom”?
12. How are the names of biblical heroes played out comically in the play?
13. What “fatal” mistake did Bolshov make?
14. One unscrupulous deceiver appeals to the conscience of another and recalls the biblical legend. Who and which one?
15. Which character likes to insert “noble” words into his speech: “Why is he being so sentimental?”, “...so melancholy dazzles in his eyes”?
16. According to which critic (and in which article), in comedy “there are no villains or monsters, but all people are very ordinary”: “hypocrisy and tyranny of some”, “deceptive humility” and “slavish cunning of others”?
17. Which of Shakespeare’s comedies did the young Ostrovsky translate while studying English, slightly changing its name?
18. In which Moscow magazine did Ostrovsky collaborate, heading the “young editorial staff” who nicknamed the editor-in-chief “Elder Mikhail”?
19. Ostrovsky often used Russian proverbs in the titles of his plays. Name them.
20. One of the titles of his plays repeats the title of Krylov’s fable, another - Koltsov’s poem. Remember them.
21. In addition to plays about modern life, Ostrovsky wrote historical chronicles. Which?
22. The action of many plays takes place on the Volga, although the writer was born in Moscow. How did he know the Volga cities?
23. In which Volga estate did Ostrovsky often and for a long time live and die there?
24. What cycle of plays was conceived by the playwright in connection with the Volga impressions?
25. What definition (subtitle) did the author give to his dramatic poem “The Snow Maiden”?
26. Whose daughter is the Snow Maiden and what fairy tale kingdom did she end up in?
27. Which Russian composer wrote an opera based on the plot of “The Snow Maiden”?
28. What two meanings are combined in the title of the play “The Poor Bride”?
29. The kind and suffering heroes in the comedy “Poverty is not a vice” are named Lyubov and Lyubim. What kind of family relationship are they in?
30. Among the characters in the play “Poverty is not a vice” there is a self-taught poet of the Koltsev type and a dissolute but noble tramp, the forerunner of Gorky’s tramps. Who are they?
31. Refusing in the 50s. from a “hard” view of Russian life, Ostrovsky wrote: “It is better for a Russian person to rejoice, seeing himself on stage, than to be sad. Correctors will be found even without us.” What is this period called in the playwright’s work and what plays did he write during this time?
32. Which plays reveal the theme of a “hot heart” - a rebellious, freedom-loving female soul?
33. Showing private life against the backdrop of general life, the playwright depicts the life of the city, the noise of the street, rumors, intrigues, the voices of the crowd - polyphony, as in novels. Which plays contain scenes of city festivities?
34. In which plays does the plot of deceived love unfold?
35. Which ones show the buying and selling of a poor girl?
36. What generalization like “Oblomovism”, “Khlestakovism”, “Karamazovism” (but without relying on proper names) was created by Ostrovsky?
37. Why, with Ostrovsky’s light hand, did the merchants begin to be called Tit Titychi and Kit Kitychi?
38. What definition did Dobrolyubov give to Ostrovsky’s plays?
39. In which plays do the main events take place on the steep bank of the Volga?
40. Are there actresses among Ostrovsky’s heroines?
41. What are the names of wandering actors who find themselves in the Russian wilderness, in the “forest” where all sorts of “animals” live?
42. In which circle did Ostrovsky take part in the 60s? and what circle did you become chairman of in the 70s?
43. Which Volga cities argued about which of them takes place in the plays “The Thunderstorm” and “Dowry”?
44. I. A. Goncharov, admiring the courage of the plan of “The Thunderstorm,” in a few words defines the plot outline of the entire play: “... the passion of a nervous, passionate woman and the struggle with debt, fall, repentance and heavy atonement for guilt.” Can you distribute these “points” across acts?
45. How does the author emphasize the circular composition of the drama?
46. ​​What and whose song does Kuligin sing at the beginning of the play? This is a kind of epigraph predicting the fate of the main character: “Where can I rest my heart, When the storm rises?”, “Where can I, poor thing, go?”
47. Ostrovsky liked to give his characters meaningful first and last names. Are there such people in “Groza”?
48. Was Katerina given her name by chance? What does “Tikhon” mean?
49. Is Kudryash a first name, nickname or surname? Which Koltsovo hero does he resemble?
50. Which of the characters is not dressed in Russian?
51. Does Boris bear his uncle’s surname?
52. Why did the author give Kuligin such a surname?
53. What does he invent?
54. What modern discoveries and inventions are discussed in the play?
55. Who distorts the word “electricity” and how?
56. Whose poems does Kuligin enthusiastically quote?
57. What pictures painted on the walls of the chapel do the residents of Kalinov look at and discuss?
58. What overseas miracles does Feklusha talk about?
59. Who expressed two diametrically opposed judgments about the city of Kalinov: “You live in the promised land” and “everyone’s dogs are loose”, “how much debauchery and drunkenness”?
60. To whom is Kuligin’s monologue addressed: “Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel!”?
61. Which of the characters often makes the remarks “after a pause”, “silence”, “thinking”?
62. To what unfair reproaches does Katerina say: “...who is pleased to endure lies?”
63. What dreams did Katerina have?
64. Where and when did she like to pray?
65. Who does she compare herself with: “I lived, didn’t worry about anything, just like... in freedom,” “I would fly out into the field and fly from cornflower to cornflower in the wind, like...”?
66. Was Katerina a native of Kalinov, was she from a rich or poor family?
67. What is she grieving about in her marriage to Tikhon and what premonitions torment her?
68. What decency does Kabanikha require when bidding his wife farewell to her husband before his trip?
69. “How can I love you when you say such words”? Which?
70. To whom does Katerina admit that she loves someone else, and does she mention his name?
71. How does she answer Varvara’s question: “If she can’t stand it, what will you do?”
72. What childhood insult that she could not tolerate does Katerina talk about?
73. What incident helped the meeting between Katerina and Boris take place?
74. “If I wasn’t afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid...” What?
75. Who says about whom: “And in freedom he seems to be tied up”?
76. “... I don’t know how; ... I can’t do anything.” What doesn’t Katerina know and can’t do?
77. What did Tikhon do at the behest of his mother after his wife’s public confession?
78. How does he protest at the end of the play?
79. Between what contrasting states of soul does Katerina rush: either “as if I’m starting to live again,” or “as if I’m standing above...”, or “a dove is cooing,” or “... whispering in my ears”?
80. What “natural” metaphor does the heroine use when describing her life in the Kabanovs’ house: “How frisky I was! I’m with you... at all”?
81. To whom and what does Katerina address in her dying monologue, reminiscent of the heroine of previous Russian literature, who appealed to the forces of nature?
82. Who brings Katerina’s body to people and did he meet her before her death?
83. Who in the play gives apt descriptions of tyrants: “how he broke the chain,” “all under the guise of piety”?
84. Is Dikoy capable of asking for forgiveness?
85. Who sees in the Wild Anika the warrior who has been fighting with women all his life?
86. Whose philosophy is this: “In my opinion: do whatever you want, as long as it’s safe and covered”?
87. According to Katerina, will they pray for her, a suicide?
88. In the title “Thunderstorm”, along with the direct meaning, an allegorical meaning shines through. Which? Does Ostrovsky have any other plays with similar titles?
89. Do you agree that Katerina’s childhood and youth were a “dry and monotonous life”, that “upbringing and young life gave her nothing”? Whose opinion is this?
90. Which of the critics considered Katerina a Protestant, and which - an innocent victim (in which articles)?
91. Why did Dobrolyubov see in Katerina, and not in Olga Ilyinskaya or Elena Stakhova, “a new type created by Russian life”?
92. How was Katerina’s drama and her suicide in Kostroma repeated in life before the premiere of “The Thunderstorm”?
93. Who owns the writers’ reviews of “The Thunderstorm”: “a new phase of Russian literature” and “the most amazing, magnificent work of Russian talent that has completely mastered itself”?
94. In which plays do the main characters expose bribery and embezzlement of officials, but one resisted the temptation of opportunism, and the other did not?
95. Who and in which comedy states in the finale: “I will wait for the time when the bribe-taker will fear a public court more than a criminal one”?
96. Which of the later plays resembles “The Thunderstorm” and in what way?
97. What does the name “Larissa” mean and is it connected with the image of the heroine of “The Dowry”?
98. When Larisa begins to see the light, realizing how others treat her: “Finally, a word has been found for me”? What word?
99. Between whom is the dialogue taking place: “An expensive diamond is expensive and requires a setting.” - “And a good jeweler”?
100. What contemporary writer’s heroes does Karandyshev resemble and in what ways?
101. What costume does he wear at a costume party?
102. Where does Knurov want to take Larisa?
103. Which of the characters admits that he learned the Russian language from barge haulers, and the other speaks contemptuously about them: “We, that is, educated people,” “consider them a model of rudeness and ignorance”?
104. There are a lot of shots in "Dowry". Larisa was afraid of one of them - the cannon one. What was that shot?
105. Who shot Larisa first, and who tried to shoot himself?
106. How does Larisa possibly provoke Karandyshev’s shot without deciding to commit suicide herself?
107. To whom does Paratov shout near the mortally wounded Larisa, ordering him to be silent, to which she replies: “Let them have fun, whoever is having fun”?
108. Who was considered the best performer of the role of Larisa at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century?
109. What romance does Ostrovsky’s heroine sing, and what did V. Komissarzhevskaya replace it with and why?
110. What number did the author put on the first page of the manuscript of “Dowry”?
111. How many plays does the Ostrovsky Theater have in total?
112. Who owns the review: “But only after you can we, Russians, proudly say: “We have our own Russian national theater”?
113. Where was the monument to Ostrovsky erected in Moscow?
114. What is the name of E. Ryazanov’s film based on one of Ostrovsky’s plays?

1. Lawyer. He entered the law faculty of the university, but did not graduate.
2. Conscientious and commercial.
3. "...Zamoskvorechye."
4. “...Zamoskvoretsk resident.”
5. "Bankrupt." In the spirit of Gogol.
6. Vice was not opposed by virtue, villains were not punished. Nicholas I, for 11 years.
7. Gogol, listening to the comedy read by the author at an evening with M. Pogodin.
8. V. F. Odoevsky. “Our people - we will be numbered.”
9. Clerk Podkhalyuzin.
10. About the nobleman. Agafya Tikhonovna from Gogol's "Marriage".
11. Merchant Bolshov - clerk Podkhalyuzin - servant boy Tishka.
12. Samson the Great and Lazarus Podkhalyuzin: power in hair (money) and the resurrection of Lazarus (“singing Lazarus” is a parable about a beggar who went to heaven).
13. He trusted the clerk, considering him a reliable person, and transferred his property, declaring bankruptcy.
14. Bolshov: “Judas also sold Christ for money, just as we sell our conscience for money.”
15. Lipochka.
16. Dobrolyubova. "Dark Kingdom".
17. “The Taming of the Shrew” - “The Taming of the Evil Wife.”
18. “Moscowite” - editor Professor M.P. Pogodin.
19. “Don’t sit in your own sleigh”, “Don’t live the way you want”, “Poverty is not a vice”, “At someone else’s feast there is a hangover”, “It’s not all Maslenitsa for the cat”, “What you go for is what you will find”, “There wasn’t a penny, but suddenly it’s altyn,” “An old friend is better than two new ones,” “Simplicity is enough for every wise man,” “Truth is good, but happiness is better.”
20. “Wolves and Sheep”, “Forest”.
21. “Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk”, “Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky”, “Comedian of the 17th century”, “Dream on the Volga, or Voevoda”.
22. In the 50s. traveled throughout the upper Volga on behalf of the Maritime Ministry and visited many Volga cities.
23. Shchelykovo, Kostroma province, where my father bought an estate.
24. “Nights on the Volga.”
25. “Spring Tale.”
26. Daughter of Frost and Spring. Kingdom of the Berendeys.
27. Rimsky-Korsakov.
28. Poor and unhappy.
29. Uncle and niece of the Tortsovs.
30. Clerk Mitya and Lyubim Tortsov.
31. Moskvityansky. “Don’t sit in your own sleigh,” “Poverty is not a vice,” and “Don’t live the way you want.”
32. “Nurse”, “Thunderstorm”, “Warm Heart”, “Dowry”.
33. “Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “The Last Victim”, “Mad Money”, “Abyss”.
34. “Poor bride”, “Don’t sit in someone else’s sleigh”, “Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “Keeper”, “Guilty without guilt”, “In a busy place”.
35. “Talents and Fans”, “Mad Money”, “The Last Victim”, “It’s not all Maslenitsa”, “Jokers”.
36. Tyranny.
37. Merchant Tit Titych Bruskov in the comedy “At Someone Else’s Feast a Hangover” is nicknamed Kit Kitych.
38. “Plays of Life.”
39. In “The Thunderstorm” and “Dowry”.
40. Negina in “Talents and Admirers”, Kruchinina in “Guilty Without Guilt”.
41. Gennady Neschastlivtsev and Arkady Schastlivtsev (“Forest”).
42. Artistic circle and Society of Russian dramatic writers.
43. Kostroma, Tver, Kineshma, Rzhev (Kalinov and Bryakhimov).
44. “Passion” - I action, “struggle with debt” - II, “fall” - III, “repentance” - IV and “redemption” - V.
45. Stage directions for the last act: “The scenery of Act I,” i.e. Katerina dies on the same bank where she heard the prophecy of the crazy lady.
46. ​​“Among the flat valley...” A. F. Merzlyakova.
47. Kabanova, Dikoy, Kudryash. Thekla - in Greek. "Glory to God."
48. Katerina - in Greek. "clean". Tikhon - “successful”, but most likely related to the Russian words “quiet”, “silence” (cf. “Silence”),
49. Probably a nickname, and the name is Vanya. Likhach Kudryavich.
50. Boris.
51. No, he is the son of Dikiy’s sister.
52. Similarity with the name of the Russian inventor Kulibin.
53. Perpetuum mobile - perpetual motion machine.
54. “Thunder leads”, “they began to harness the fiery serpent” - “for the sake of speed.”
55. Wild. "Elestricity".
56. Lomonosov. “The abyss has opened and is full of stars. The stars have no number, the bottom of the abyss.”
57. Hell, fiery Gehenna.
58. About Sultan Makhnut of Turkey and Persia, unrighteous judges and people with dog heads.
59. Feklusha and Kuligin.
60. To Boris.
61. At Katerina's.
62. The boar's wife reproaches her daughter-in-law for driving her son away from his mother.
63. Golden temples, extraordinary gardens, the smell of cypress, invisible voices singing, and she flies through the air - it looks like paradise.
64. In the garden, among the trees, herbs and flowers, at sunrise.
65. “Bird”, “butterfly”.
66. Obviously, she is from afar, since even the thought of seeking salvation from her relatives does not arise. Judging by her childhood and youth, the family was wealthy - they embroidered on velvet with gold.
67. That there are no children. "I'll die soon."
68. Bow at your feet and kneel, rather than hug and kiss.
69. “... Do I care about my wife?”
70. Varvara. No, but she herself guesses.
71. “I’ll throw myself out the window, throw myself into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, I won’t, even if you cut me!”
72. They offended her at the age of 6 with something, she ran out to the Volga, got into a boat and pushed her away from the shore, and in the morning they found the girl 10 miles away.
73. The key to the gate, thrust by Varvara to Katerina almost by force.
74. “...human judgment.”
75. Katerina about Tikhon.
76. “Deceive something”, “... hide something”.
77. Beat the traitor a little.
78. “Mama, you ruined her! you, you, you..."
79. “...by the abyss”, “evil one...”.
80. “...withered...”
81. To the winds, to carry her longing, to the departed loved one. Yaroslavna from “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”
82. Kuligin. No.
83. Kudryash about Wild and Kabanikha.
84. During Lent, he scolded and almost beat a man who came for money, and then asked for forgiveness and bowed at his feet in front of all the people, i.e., he atoned for his sin before God.
85. Kabanikha.
86. Barbarians.
87. “He who loves will pray.”
88. A natural phenomenon and event that shocked everyone and refreshed the musty atmosphere. "Forest", "Abyss".
89. Dobrolyubova. One can hardly agree with this; it was a free life in unity with nature, in hopes and dreams.
90. Dobrolyubov. “A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom”, Pisarev. "Motives of Russian drama".
91. The heroines of Goncharov and Turgenev - one lives in vulgarity, although she is aware of it, the other is ready for activity, but she herself does not dare to begin it. Katerina’s character is decisive and selfless, and she does not betray herself, preferring death to a false life.
92. In Kostroma, in the merchant family of the Klykovs, a 19-year-old daughter-in-law, who fell in love with the official Maryin, drowned herself. The play was completed on October 9, 1859, the premiere took place on November 16, and the suicide took place on November 10.
93. Herzen and Turgenev.
94. “A profitable place” and “Simplicity is enough for every wise man.”
95. Zhadov in “Profitable Place”.
96. “Dowry” - the action takes place in a Volga city, on a steep bank, “cruel morals”, the integral nature of the heroine, thirsty for love and deceived in it, and a tragic ending.
97. In Greek. “Seagull” is a white-winged, free bird that loves space.
98. Karandyshev tells her that she was played like a thing by Knurov and Vozhevatov. "Thing".
99. Between Knurov and Vozhevatov.
100. On Dostoevsky’s heroes with their ambitions, injured pride, readiness to take revenge for their humiliation (axe, pistol).
101. A robber with an ax in his hand.
102. To Paris for the World Exhibition.
103. Paratov and Karandyshev.
104. According to Karandyshev, “some tyrant merchant gets off his barge, and they salute him.”
105. Paratov, on a dare, boasting of his accuracy, shot at the glass on Larisa’s head. Karandyshev.
106. Announces to Karandyshev that she is too expensive for him, that she will not have him and prefers to belong to Knurov.
107. Gypsy choir.
108. V. Komissarzhevskaya.
109. “Don’t tempt me unnecessarily...” by Baratynsky, more suitable for a noble lady, - “He told me: be you mine...” in the gypsy spirit, accompanying himself on the guitar.
110. “Opus 40” - Ostrovsky’s 40th play.
111. 47 plays.
112. I. A. Goncharova.
113. In front of the Maly Theater, which is called the “Ostrovsky House”.
114. “Cruel Romance.”

I. A. Goncharov
(1812-1891)

1. For more than 40 years of his life, in whom was Goncharov forced to serve, turning to literary work in fits and starts?
2. “I serve art,” says the writer, “like a horse harnessed...” Who?
3. Which two brothers, future poets and critics, did Goncharov teach literature as a home teacher?
4. Where did the young Goncharov anonymously place his first works?
5. In which Goncharov’s work did Belinsky see “a terrible blow to romanticism, daydreaming, and sentimentality”?
6. What “ordinary story” happened to the younger and older Aduevs?
7. To whom does Alexander swear eternal love when leaving his home and what does he keep as its symbol?
8. What three feelings was young Aduev “obsessed” with?
9. In what ways does Alexander repeat his uncle?
10. What “cold and subtle tyranny” over a woman’s heart is talked about in the novel?
11. Who can be called the literary predecessors of the Aduevs as representatives of two types: romantics and skeptics?
12. What is the name of Pyotr Ivanovich’s wife and what form of the name - literary and colloquial - did the author give to his heroine, perhaps following Pushkin?
13. On what ship did Goncharov travel around the world and what book of essays did he write?
14. Which “Episode from an Unfinished Novel” was published by the writer in 1849, 10 years before the end of the novel?
15. What direction, which “encompassed the entire society and literature” in the 40s, did Goncharov abandon while working on “Oblomov”?
16. Which of Goncharov’s heroes can be called honest Chichikovs?
17. On whose statement about “the family of those people who are not translated in Rus', whose names were previously: lumps, lazybones, boibaks” did Goncharov rely on when conceiving his Oblomov?
18. Which two literary heroes have a book on their table, which one has been reading for two years with a bookmark on page 14, and the second’s book pages are covered with dust and blackened?
19. The first impression of these heroes is the same: “What a pleasant and kind person!” and “Good fellow, it must be simplicity!”, but looking more closely at the first, you will feel “mortal boredom,” and in the second, you will smile and walk away “in pleasant thought.” Who are they?
20. Is Oblomov’s childhood shown in the novel and in what form?
21. What has become the ideal of real life for him since childhood?
22. Which character owns the aphorism: “It started with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability...”?
23. Who pronounces the word “Oblomovism” as a key to unlocking the existence of Oblomov?
24. Oblomov faces a dilemma: “Either I don’t understand this life, or it’s going nowhere...”. What word is missing?
25. Oblomov’s apathy is associated not only with laziness, but also with dissatisfaction with life. What is hidden behind the appearance and behavior of the couch potato and bobak?
26. Finish one of Oblomov’s arguments: “You think that a heart is not needed for thought. No, she is fertilized...”
27. What did Oblomov compare with “a disease like smallpox, measles or fever”?
28. About which of his heroes did the author self-critically remark: “He is weak, pale - the idea peeks out from him too barely”?
29. According to Goncharov, two dominant female characters are captured in Pushkin’s two heroines - passive, subordinate to traditions and original, with “instincts of self-consciousness” (dog and cat). Did he himself embody these types?
30. Who does Olga Ilyinskaya remind us of: “In a rare girl you will find such simplicity and natural freedom of look, word, action... No affectation, no coquetry, no lies, no tinsel, no intent”?
31. Inspired by the goal of Oblomov’s revival and her role as a creator, with whom does Olga compare herself and him?
32. Goncharov gave Pshenitsyna the name of one of Gogol’s heroines. Which?
33. Who did Dobrolyubov mean when he said that one of Turgenev’s heroines “seems to serve as an answer to the questions and doubts” of Goncharov’s Olga, who languishes and yearns, not knowing what?
34. Like Turgenev, Goncharov identified two types in world literature that absorbed “in themselves everything that is comic and tragic in human nature.” Who are these types?
35. All his life Goncharov was interested in “one artistic ideal” - the type of idealist and disappointed romantic. We meet such heroes in all his novels. Name them.
36. Whom did Goncharov oppose to his romantics and idealists?
37. Is it possible to establish the dates of Oblomov’s life?
38. The character traits and appearance of which real woman, whom Goncharov knew well, were reflected in Olga Ilyinskaya?
39. Which of the surviving Decembrists did the writer see when returning from a trip around the world through Irkutsk and Yakutsk?
40. How did this meeting affect the original plan for the novel “The Precipice”?
41. What titles preceded the final symbolic title?
42. In defense of whom was the novel conceived and to whom is it dedicated?
43. What caused the quarrel between Goncharov and Turgenev, which lasted more than 20 years?
44. The author called his two favorite heroines: “Day” and “mysterious Night”. Whom?
45. And who did he call either “potential Oblomov”, then “awakened Oblomov”, or “son of Oblomov”?
46. ​​Who did the writer point to as the prototype of Tatyana Markovna Berezhkova?
47. What two types of nihilism are combined in the image of Volokhov, leading to his split?
48. Where does the repentant Volokhov go at the end of the novel?
49. Who considers Vera either a “pathetic female” and a cat, or an “executioner in a skirt”?
50. Is the choice of surname for Vera’s groom random?
51. With which of his literary predecessors can Raisky be compared with his “wanderlust” and habit of being bored?
52. In his words: “There is no quiet haven for me - either burning, or sleep and...!”
53. About which Goncharov’s hero did Chekhov say that he was half made up and “three-quarters stilted,” and although the author assures us that “he is a magnificent fellow,” but in reality “he is a clever beast who thinks very well of himself and satisfied with yourself"?

1. Editor and censor.
2. “...ox.”
3. Apollo and Valerian Maykov.
4. In the handwritten almanacs “Snowdrop” and “Moonlit Nights”, published in the Maykov salon, there are the stories “Dashing Sickness” and “Happy Mistake” (1838-1839).
5. In the novel “Ordinary History”.
6. One of the romantics becomes a practitioner and businessman, while the other, who built his life on sober calculation, fails.
7. Sonechka; curl and ring.
8. On friendship, love and ambition.
9. Makes a career, gets rich and... experiences lower back pain.
10. About the attitude of Peter Aduev to his wife, whom he subjugated to his will and reason.
11. Vladimir Lensky and Evgeny Onegin.
12. Lizaveta Alexandrovna (instead of the literary form “Elizabeth”), see in “The Queen of Spades” - Lizaveta Ivanovna.
13. On the frigate “Pallada”, “Frigate “Pallada”.
14. “Oblomov’s Dream” from the novel “Oblomov”.
15. From the “critical”, led by Belinsky and Gogol.
16. Peter Aduev and Andrey Stolts.
17. Gogol in “Dead Souls”.
18. In Manilov and Oblomov.
19. Manilov and Oblomov.
20. In the form of a dream.
21. Satiety and peace.
22. Stoltz, “...to live.”
23. First Oblomov, and at the end of the novel Stolz.
24. “...not good.”
25. “Golden heart”, “humane heart”.
26. “...by love.”
27. Love.
28. About Stolz.
29. In Olga and Tatyana (“Eugene Onegin”) - Pshenitsyna and Olga Ilyinskaya, Marfinka and Vera (“Cliff”).
30. Tatyana Larina: “Everything was quiet, it was just in her,” “without a look, arrogant for everyone, without pretensions to success, without these little antics, without imitative undertakings.”
31. Himself with Pygmalion, him with Galatea. (This refers to the ancient myth about a sculptor who fell in love with his own creation.)
32. Agafya Matveevna - Agafya Tikhonovna (“Marriage”).
33. Elena Stakhova from “On the Eve”.
34. Don Quixote and Hamlet.
35. Alexander Aduev, Ilya Oblomov, Boris Raisky.
36. Sober-minded realists, business people - Pyotr Aduev, Andrey Stolts, Ivan Tushin.
37. The action in the novel begins in 1843, when Ilya Ilyich was 32-33 years old (born around 1810), and ends in 1851, i.e. Oblomov died at 41 years old. Epilogue 5 years later - in 1856
38. Ekaterina Pavlovna Maykova, children's writer.
39. Volkonsky, Trubetskoy, Yakushkin.
40. Vera had to repeat the feat of the wives and brides of the Decembrists and go to Siberia with the nihilist.
41. “Paradise” and “Painter Paradise”, “Faith”.
42. In defense of women and dedicated to Russian women.
43. Due to some overlaps between “The Cliff” and “The Noble Nest” and “On the Eve”: the pedigree of the heroes, Marfa Timofeevna was Lisa’s grandmother - changed into an aunt; the idea to portray a new woman capable of heroic deeds. After the release of “On the Eve,” Goncharov was forced to abandon the original plot and “analyze the so-called fall.”
44. Olga and Vera.
45. Raisky.
46. ​​“Grandmother embodied some of her mother’s character traits.”
47. Political and everyday nihilism - protest against violence and injustice and theft, rudeness, rudeness.
48. To the Caucasus.
49. Paradise.
50. Tushin - this is what L. Tolstoy called his hero, a modest and brave Russian patriotic officer (“War and Peace”).
51. With Evgeny Onegin.
52. "...boredom."
53. About Stolz.

I. S. Turgenev
(1818-1883)

1. In early childhood, for her affectionate and meek disposition, her mother called Vanya “daughter”: “My....” How did she change his name into a feminine way? What kind of punishment did Varvara Petrovna subject her beloved son to for all sorts of little things and trifles, saying: “You yourself know why”?
2. What was the seven-year-old boy's favorite pastime?
3. Who inspired the future writer that “either a bitter drunkard or a total fool” can write poetry?
4. Which of Turgenev’s student friends, the poet and philosopher whom he admired, calling him “the royal son who did not know about his origin,” died early from consumption?
5. And another friend, who was a Hegelian in his youth, became an anarchist and took up revolutionary activities. Who is he?
6. Whom did Turgenev call “sister and best only friend,” but did not want to connect his fate with her?
7. About what random and fleeting meeting did the young man write: “I only managed to see his white teeth and lively, quick eyes”?
8. Having started out as a poet, Turgenev named one of his early poems after Pushkin’s heroine in two of his poetic works. What kind of name is this? Name the works of Pushkin.
9. Whom did the aspiring writer consider “father and commander”?
10. About what letter did the young Turgenev write: “Belinsky and his letter, this is my whole religion”?
11. Turgenev’s early works are signed with the pseudonym “T. L." What does it mean?
12. To whom in the early 40s. Turgenev was presented as “a young Russian landowner, a glorious hunter, an interesting conversationalist and a bad poet”?
13. In Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin,” Tatyana’s mother “called Polina Praskovya” - a similar story happened in Turgenev’s life, and the Russian girl not only changed her name, but also turned into a Frenchwoman. Who is she?
14. What kind of someone else’s nest did Turgenev speak about: “It’s too much to sit on the edge of someone else’s nest”?
15. Who admonished Turgenev, noting his first prosaic experiments: “You have found your real family”?
16. What “Annibal’s oath” did Turgenev give in his youth and follow it all his life?
17. About what events did he say that “in those days the world was in labor pains”? Which former serf, who became a famous actor, did Turgenev become friends with in the late 40s, writing roles for him in two of his plays?
18. Which of his older contemporaries did Turgenev see as a “great artist” and revered him, “even when he did not agree with him”?
19. “What Russian soul would not be shocked by these words?!” - Turgenev exclaimed in despair and shock in March 1852. What are these words?
20. How was Turgenev punished for his response (obituary) to Gogol’s death?
21. What story, which became a textbook, did he write while under arrest at the police station?
22. About which of Turgenev’s heroes do they say: “After all, he just has the hand of Minin and Pozharsky”? What does it mean?
23. Which Turgenev work did the author speak of as “a contribution made to the treasury of Russian literature”, and the critic - as a new word: the writer “came to the people from a side from which no one had ever approached them before”?
24. In your opinion, are Khor and Kalinich first names or last names?
25. What nickname did the forester receive and why and is his name known?
26. What songs are performed by the singers in the story of the same name and which of them wins?
27. About which of the characters do we learn that, by the will of the master, he was a Cossack, a coachman, a cook, an actor, a gardener, and, finally, a fisherman at a pond where there were no fish?
28. What story did Turgenev want to write and include in “Notes...” about the massacre of peasants against a cruel landowner?
29. Who and about whom says with indignation: “I, of course, immediately ordered her to have her hair cut, dressed in shabby clothes and sent to the village... It’s better to cut off the sick member at once”? Why was “she” punished?
30. And who listens with pleasure to the sounds coming from the stables and imitates them: chyuki-chuk?
31. In which story does the hero describe the amazing land where the prophetic bird Gamayun lives, where golden apples grow on silver branches and people live “in contentment and justice”?
32. Whose ironic characteristic is this: “... subscribes to French books, drawings and newspapers, but is a little keen on reading... He plays cards masterfully. In general... he is considered one of the most educated and enviable bachelors in our province; “The ladies are crazy about him and especially praise his manners”?
33. And here is another characteristic: “... the first beauty in our entire household, - tall, plump, white, rosy-cheeked, - laughing, dancing, singing!” Who is she and what tragedy happened to her?
34. Which story contains the author’s reflection on the Russian man: “The Russian man is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he is little concerned with his past and boldly looks forward. What’s good is what he likes, what’s reasonable is what you give him, but where it comes from is all the same to him”?
35. Do you recognize Turgenev’s heroes from “Notes of a Hunter”: a) kind, loving all living things, poetically minded; b) practical and intelligent, similar in appearance to Socrates; c) gloomy, suffering from loneliness, but not losing his kindness; d) a wanderer and truth-seeker, looking for a better life for everyone; e) a devotedly loving and unhappy peasant girl, abandoned by the smug, spoiled valet of a rich master?
36. Turgenev is a master of landscape; his paintings of nature are plastic, full of movement, and rhythmic. Try to fill in the missing words in the following descriptions: “The pale gray sky became lighter, colder, bluer, the stars blinked with faint light, then..., the earth became damp, fogged up..., here and there began to be heard... sounds and voices, and liquid, early... has already begun to wander and flutter above the ground.” Don't remember where this passage came from?
37. Comparative characteristics of Khor and Kalinich: “Khor was a positive, practical person, an administrative head, a rationalist; Kalinich, on the contrary, belonged to the number of idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. Khor understood reality; Kalinich walked in bast shoes and managed to get by somehow. The polecat bred a large family, obedient and unanimous; Kalinich once had a wife, but had no children at all,” recalls the paired portrait of the heroes of the Russian writer, Turgenev’s predecessor. What heroes?
38. And the beginning of the story “First Love”: “The guests have long left” is similar to the well-known beginning “The guests were arriving at the dacha” of another great predecessor. Whom?
39. Which of the geniuses of world literature did Turgenev call the “all-forgiving heart-teller”?
40. Which Turgenev works are based on Shakespeare and Goethe?
41. They say that Turgenev did for Russian literature what Peter I did for Russia: “he cut a window to Europe.” What does this mean?
42. Which Russian writer did Turgenev especially promote in the West?
43. Which French writer was he friends with and communicated with?
44. Which of the modern writers did he consider a “true Rusak”, who cherishes Russia and not Slavophilism?
45. To what anniversary in 1855 was Turgenev invited and came to Moscow?
46. ​​To the words of which Turgenev poem about “first and last meetings” was a popular romance written that is still performed today?
47. In which play did the censorship suggest that the author turn a married woman, infatuated with a student, into an old maid or widow, so as not to offend public morality?
48. What was the original name of the novel “Rudin” and why did Turgenev abandon the first title?
49. “When he laughed, his face took on a strange, almost senile expression, his eyes shrank, his nose wrinkled...” Whose portrait is shown here? But the hero of another Russian writer also had a strange thing: when he laughed, his eyes did not laugh. How else are these heroes similar to each other?
50. Does the author confirm or refute the opinion about Rudin that his words “will remain words and will never become an action”?
51. Describing Pokorsky’s student circle, Turgenev pays tribute to the real leader of such a circle, of which he himself was a member. Who does the writer remember?
52. Whom did contemporaries recognize in Rudin?
53. Who accuses Rudin: “Submit! So this is how you apply in practice your interpretations about freedom, about sacrifice”?
54. Which of the characters in the novel first accuses Rudin of acting, and then changes his opinion about him and says: “He has..., and this is the most precious quality in our time”? What quality is opposed to acting?
55. The main character is, as it were, surrounded by “doubles” who reveal or exaggerate (strengthen) his strengths and weaknesses. Name them.
56. Whom does Rudin quote in his speech and letters: “Blessed is he who was young from his youth” and “What have you, my youth, brought me to, pushed me to the point where I have nowhere to take a step”? Which literary character does he compare himself to?
57. Did the defenders of the barricades know who Rudin was?
58. What was the name of Chernyshevsky’s article about the story “Asya,” which proved that an indecisive, weak hero who gives in to her is to blame for unhappy love?
59. Which of Turgenev’s heroes, like the prodigal son, returns to his native home and regains the sense of homeland that he had lost?
60. What autobiographical motives are reflected in the novel “The Noble Nest”?
61. Which Tolstoy hero does Lavretsky resemble in appearance, character, and some aspects of his biography?
62. What literary associations does Lavretsky’s meeting with young people at the end of the novel evoke in you: “Play, have fun, grow young forces...”?
63. What meaning did the author put into the title “On the Eve”, and what did the critic who wrote the famous article mean?
64. What choice does young Russia face in the novel (the choice is symbolized in the images of Elena’s “suitors”)? Is the heroine's name a coincidence?
65. Did Insarov have a prototype?
66. What did Insarov see as the guarantee of victory over the conquerors and the liberation of Bulgaria?
67. What two figurines did Shubin sculpt, trying to understand Insarov’s character?
68. How does nature “participate” in the love story of Elena and Insarov?
69. What two words, testifying to the dramatic split of the soul, does the dying Insarov pronounce in delirium?
70. The novel ends with Shubin’s letter: “And now I, from here, from my “beautiful distance,” ask you again...” Who is Shubin asking and what? Where is he writing the letter from and why does he put the words “beautiful distant” in quotation marks?
71. What type of Russian woman did the writer discover?
72. Which of his heroines keeps a diary and writes down their spiritual dreams and thoughts in it: “Being kind is not enough; to do good... yes... this is the main thing in life. But how to do good?
73. And another, in the most bitter moment, opens a volume of Pushkin at random and reads: “Whoever felt, is disturbed by the Ghost of irrevocable days.” Who is she and where did she read Pushkin’s lines?
74. Why did Turgenev, after many years of friendship with Nekrasov and collaboration in Sovremennik, leave the magazine and break off relations with its editor?
75. Based on world literature, Turgenev identifies two human types: the determined enthusiastic fighter and the ever-doubting thinker. In what Turgenev images are these types embodied?
76. In which of his heroes did Turgenev see “the antipode of Rudin”, “an independent soul and a proud man of the first hand”?
77. Having conceived the novel “Fathers and Sons,” what preparatory work did the writer do to understand the soul alien to him from the inside?
78. Turgenev liked to indicate the exact dates of events occurring in his novels. When does the action begin in Fathers and Sons?
79. Why is 1848 mentioned twice in the novel?
80. Who did the author claim his novel was directed against?
81. To whom was it dedicated?
82. Explaining the worldview of his hero, Turgenev emphasized: “If he is called a nihilist, then one must read: ....” What word is missing?
83. Who considers Bazarov a “flayer” and a “rogue”, and who treats him as a “clown”?
84. What Bazarov aphorisms do you know: “Nature is not a temple...”, “A decent chemist...”, “And Raphael...”, “The important thing is that two and two make four...”?
85. What epithets are missing in the following descriptions: “he tightly squeezed his naked... hand, which he did not immediately shake” and “took out his beautiful hand with long... nails from his pantaloon pocket”? Whose hands are these?
86. What does Bazarov say: “This is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art”?
87. Is Bazarov fulfilling his initial “love program”: if you like a woman, pursue her, and if it doesn’t work out, move away - “the earth is not aligned like a wedge”? And who followed her?
88. What was Nikolai Petrovich called in the province and for what?
89. What instrument did Nikolai Petrovich play and what did he like to perform?
90. Which book did Arkady take away from him?
91. “He loved to dream, village life developed this ability in him” and “He was not born a romantic, and his foppishly dry and passionate, in the French way, misanthropic soul did not know how to dream.” Who are they?
92. Whose lines and where did Nikolai Petrovich recite: “How sad your appearance is to me, Spring, spring, time of love...”?
93. And the mention of the past ten years is repeated twice: “Ten years passed like a dream” and “Ten years passed in this way, colorless, fruitless and quickly, terribly quickly.” Who does it apply to?
94. Do you know anything about the prototype of Pavel Petrovich?
95. What does Pavel Petrovich, who went abroad at the end of the novel, keep as a memory of Russia?
96. In what hobby did the author bring two antipodean heroes together?
97. What kind of jam is kept in Fenechka’s room with her own inscription on the paper lid?
98. On what occasion did Bazarov say to Arkady: “Oh, my friend, Arkady Nikolaevich!.. I ask you one thing - don’t speak beautifully”?
99. And Bazarov himself, does he pronounce beautiful, sublime phrases? Finish one of them: “Blow on the dying lamp...”. Who is it addressed to?
100. Who says about whom: “Like a falcon, he wanted - he flew, he wanted - he flew away, but you and I, like honey mushrooms in a hollow tree, sit side by side, and don’t move!”?
101. What diminutive name does the mother call Bazarov?
102. A month after the start of the action in the novel, Bazarov remembers the day of his angel. When is the hero's angel day?
103. With which Russian political figure of the early 19th century? does Bazarov compare himself by mentioning his grandfather, a sexton, i.e., his priestly origin?
104. Bazarov’s father is proud that during the Patriotic War he felt the pulse of the famous poet, his namesake. Who?
105. How many love stories described in Fathers and Sons can you list?
106. What does Odintsova mean when she claims that she and Bazarov are “too alike”?
107. What unites the caricatured emancipated Kukshina and Odintsova?
108. How does Bazarov reflect before his death about who Russia needs?
109. Bazarov’s last words: “Now... darkness” - echo the last phrase of one Shakespearean hero: “And then... silence.” Whom?
110. And in the words of another literary hero: “the mind and the heart are not in harmony” - one can define Bazarov’s love drama. Name this hero.
111. The “heavy, lonely tear” that rolled down Pavel Petrovich’s cheek during an explanation with Fenechka resembles the “inhuman tear” of Lermontov’s hero: “... from the darkened eyes a heavy tear rolls.” Who is he?
112. What is the cause of Bazarov’s death and its symbolism?
113. Did Bazarov guess what would grow on his grave?
114. What epithets does the author give to Bazarov’s heart at the end of the novel: “Whatever... , ... , ... heart hides in the grave...”?
115. And Turgenev’s contemporary will call Bazarov “restless and sad,” and his heart “great.” Who did this review belong to?
116. Which of Turgenev’s heroes did Herzen refer to as “the most empty man with a fragrant mustache”?
117. Which critic and in which democratic magazine spoke out against “Fathers and Sons,” calling them “the most malicious caricature” and slander against modern youth?
118. Another critic had a completely opposite opinion about the novel, devoting two articles to it. Who and what?
119. After 60 years, director V. E. Meyerhold intended to film Fathers and Sons and wanted to invite a Soviet poet to play the role of Bazarov. Whom?
120. Turgenev’s novels usually have epilogues that begin like this: “Several more years have passed. It was a cold autumn day,” “Eight years have passed. Spring has come again...”, “About five years have passed since then, and no more news has come about...”, “Six months have passed. It was a white winter..." Name in which novels these epilogues are given.
121. Turgenev’s novels end on a tragic or elegiac note, and sometimes with a vaguely interrogative intonation: “What did you both think, what did you both feel? Who will know? Who's to say? There are such moments in life, such feelings... You can only point at them and pass by” or “Uvar Ivanovich played with his fingers and directed his mysterious gaze into the distance.” What question was never answered by the hero and the author?
122. Turgenev believed that a writer should be a psychologist, but not explicitly, but what kind?
123. Whom did Turgenev speak of either as “a giant among the rest of the literary brethren” or as “an elephant in a menagerie”?
124. Whose novel did Turgenev greet with sharp hostility: “His manner arouses physical disgust in me”?
125. Turgenev considered himself “one of the writers of the interregnum - the era between ... and the future chapter.” Who did he mean?
126. “Both his and your memoirs are a true picture of Russian life only at its two ends - and from two different points of view,” Turgenev wrote to Herzen. What memoirs were you talking about?
127. When visiting someone, Turgenev said that the owners see the future of Russia as a patriarchal and welcoming monastery, like their Abramtsevo estate. What kind of family was this?
128. Who is called Turgenev’s “last love”?
129. About which of his novels did Turgenev write: “Everyone scolds them - both red and white, from above, from below, and from the side, especially from the side,” perhaps referring to the negative reviews of the “literary fraternity” - Tolstoy, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tyutchev?
130. Which two of his works of the early 70s? the writer prefaced the epigraphs: “Happy years. Happy days, - Like spring waters, they rushed by" (from an old romance) and "You should raise new ones not with a superficially sliding plow, but with a deep-reaching plow" (from the notes of the owner-agronomist)?
131. Later, explaining the last epigraph, Turgenev emphasized that the plow “does not mean revolution, - ...”. What did he oppose to the revolution?
132. In the preliminary outline of his last novel, the author described one of the heroes as follows: “The temperament is solitary revolutionary, but not democratic, the nature is tragic - and the fate is tragic.” Who is this hero?
133. In a suicide note to a friend, Nezhdanov asks to read one passage from “Eugene Onegin”: “The windows are whitened with chalk; there is no mistress." Why did the hero remember him at the most sorrowful moment?
134. How does the ending of “Novi”: ““Nameless Rus'!” - he finally said” resemble the ending of Turgenev’s first novel?
135. Looking back at his novelistic work and summing up its results, Turgenev will say: “Out of all my literary past, I have reasons to be satisfied with this particular story.” Which novel out of the six did the author himself single out?
136. What title did Turgenev give to his “prose poems”?
137. What date with an old friend, during which not a single word was spoken, is described in the poem “The Last Date”?
138. About the heroine of which poem are two diametrically opposed judgments made: “fool” and “saint”?
139. Turgenev admired the amazing Russian woman who, during the war for the liberation of Bulgaria, became a nurse, endured many hardships and dangers, died of typhus, and dedicated one of his prose poems to her memory. Which?
140. The titles of three poems are quotes: “You will hear the judgment of a fool...”, “How beautiful, how fresh the roses were...” and “Oh my youth! Oh my freshness! Who is the author quoting and what inaccuracy does he make in the last quote?
141. In the poem “Russian Language” Turgenev calls it his “support and support” and defines it with several epithets. Which ones?
142. Which poem ends with the maxim: “Love, I thought, is stronger than death and the fear of death. “Only by her, only by love does life hold and move”?
143. Insert the missing words in Turgenev’s aphorisms: a) “The first suffering, like the first love, is not... - and thank God!” (“Rudin”); b) “...it’s easy to part in spring - in spring and... it stretches into the distance” (“Forest and Steppe”); c) “Everything will pass, only one... will remain”; d) “Russia without each of us... maybe, but none of us can do without it...”; e) “Gratitude is a duty; Every man pays his debts, but love does not...”; f) “Do you want to be happy? Learn first...”
144. What did Turgenev say goodbye to in a letter to Ya. Polonsky before his death: “When you are in Spassky, bow from me to my young garden..., ... bow, which I will probably never see again”?
145. Dying far from his homeland, Turgenev asked to be buried next to his dear grave. Whose?

1. Jeannette. She flogged him with rods with her own hands, and if he answered that he didn’t know, she flogged him a second time.
2. Catching birds.
3. Mother Varvara Petrovna.
4. Nikolai Stankevich.
5. Mikhail Bakunin.
6. Bakunin’s sister Tatyana.
7. With Pushkin.
8. "Parasha". "House in Kolomna" and "The Bronze Horseman".
9. V. G. Belinsky.
10. About Belinsky’s “Letter to Gogol.”
11. Turgenev-Lutovinov. Lutovinova is the mother's maiden name, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is the name of the family estate.
12. French singer Pauline Viardot.
13. Turgenev’s illegitimate daughter Pelageya, raised in the Viardot family.
14. About the family of Pauline Viardot.
15. Belinsky.
16. Fight against serfdom.
17. About the French Revolution of 1848
18. In Gogol.
19. “Gogol died.”
20. Arrested and spent a month in a police station, and then exiled to his estate.
21. “Mumu.”
22. About Gerasim - huge hands, like those of a monument.
23. About “Notes of a Hunter”. Critic - V. G. Belinsky.
24. Khor is probably a nickname, and Kalinich is a patronymic.
25. Biryuk is a lonely, gloomy person. His name is Thomas.
26. The rower sings the dance song “I’ll plow when I’m young and young...”, and Yakov the Turk sings “More than one path ran through the field...”. The second one wins.
27. A knot in the story “Lgov”.
28. “Earth Eater” - how the peasants forced the landowner to eat the land because he cut it off from them.
29. Landowner Zverkov about the maid Arina, who dared to fall in love and ask permission to marry.
30. Stegunov Mardarii Apollonovich (“Two Landowners”).
31. “Kasyan with a Beautiful Sword.”
32. Penochkina.
33. Lukerya from “Living Relics” - lies motionless for many years, broken by paralysis.
34. “Khor and Kalinich.”
35. a) Kalinich; b) Ferret; c) Biryuk; d) Kasyan; d) Akulina (“Date”).
36. “...disappeared”, “...leaves”, “...alive”, “...breeze”. "Bezhin Meadow"
37. Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich in Gogol’s story.
38. Pushkin.
39. Shakespeare.
40. “Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district”, “King of the Steppes Lear” and “Faust”.
41. Turgenev introduced Europe to Russian literature and himself translated the works of Russian writers into French.
42. Pushkin, Gogol, Krylov.
43. With G. Flaubert, P. Mérimée, E. Zola, D. Daudet, G. de Maupassant, George Sand, br. Goncourt.
44. A. Ostrovsky.
45. Centennial anniversary of Moscow University, where he studied.
46. ​​“Foggy morning, gray morning...” (“On the Road”).
47. “A month in the village.”
48. “Nature of genius” - an ironic sound, especially since Lezhnev says that if there is genius in Rudin, then there is no nature.
49. Rudin and Pechorin are “superfluous people” who were looking for the meaning of life, wanderers, strangers everywhere and to everyone, restless souls, but one is an enthusiast, and the other a skeptic.
50. Refutes his death on the barricades in Paris in 1848.
51. About N. Stankevich.
52. M. Bakunina.
53. Natalya Lasunskaya.
54. Lezhnev, student friend. Enthusiasm.
55. Lezhnev, Pandalevsky, Basistov.
56. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin" and Koltsov. "Crossroads". With Don Quixote.
57. No, they considered him a Pole and did not know his name.
58. “Russian man on “rendez-vous”.
59. Lavretsky (“The Noble Nest”).
60. Childhood years in the village, Spartan upbringing, relationship with his father, breakup with his wife, a Russian Parisian - an echo of a disagreement with Viardot, a desire to return to Russia and engage in agriculture.
61. Pierre Bezukhov’s mother is a serf peasant, unsuccessful marriage and breakup with his wife, new love, dissatisfaction with life, etc.
62. With Pushkin’s “Hello, young, unfamiliar tribe...” (“Again I visited...”).
63. On the eve of the appearance of the “Russian Insarovs” and on the eve of the revolution - Dobrolyubov. His article was called “When will the real day come?”
64. Bersenev - science, Shubin - art, Kurnatovsky - state activity, Insarov - civic feat. Helen the Beautiful - because of whom the Trojan War began.
65. Bulgarian Nikolai Katranov married a Russian girl Larisa, left for his homeland, died of tuberculosis in Venice, wrote poetry, and was a translator.
66. In patriotic unity, a common goal: “The last beggar in Bulgaria and I - we want the same thing.”
67. The hero and the ram, rising on its hind legs and bowing its horns to strike.
68. A declaration of love is preceded by a thunderstorm; Insarov’s death occurs against the backdrop of the luxurious nature of Italy.
69. “Reseda and Rendich” - the smell of Elena’s perfume and compatriot, one of the organizers of the uprising.
70. Will there be people in Russia similar to Insarov? From Rome, the words of Gogol, who also lived there.
71. “Turgenev’s girl,” combining spiritual purity and fortitude, capable of self-sacrifice, looking for not just a lover, but a hero who will show the way to “active good.”
72. Elena Stakhova.
73. Natalya Lasunskaya. From "Eugene Onegin".
74. Because of Dobrolyubov’s article “When will the real day come?”, dedicated to the novel “On the Eve” and published by Nekrasov in Sovremennik, contrary to Turgenev’s request not to do this.
75. Hamlet and Don Quixote. Insarov - Don Quixote, Rudin - Hamlet.
76. In Bazarovo.
77. Kept a diary on behalf of Bazarov.
78. May 20, 1859
79. In 1848, after the death of his wife, Nikolai Petrovich went to France and was forced to return. In 1848, Princess R. died, Pavel Petrovich lost his memories.
80. “...against the nobility as an advanced class.”
81. V. G. Belinsky.
82. "...revolutionary."
83. The Kirsanovs' servant Prokofich and his own serfs.
84. “...a workshop, and a person working in it,” “...20 times more useful than any poet,” “...not worth a penny,” “...and the rest is all nonsense.”
85. “...red”, “...pink”. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
86. About spiritualized love.
87. No, he could not move away and forget, unlike Arkady.
88. “Red” - started a “farm”.
89. On the cello. "Waiting" by Schubert.
90. Pushkin, poem “Gypsies”.
91. Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
92. Pushkin from “Eugene Onegin”.
93. We are talking about the happy family life of Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich’s stay in Russia after the break with Princess R.
94. Alexey Stolypin-Mongo, relative, friend and second of Lermontov, who was also enslaved by love, who was also characterized by the cult of his own person and who was dying out abroad in Florence.
95. Ashtray in the shape of a rustic bast shoe.
96. Infatuated with Fenechka.
97. “Lacy” (gooseberry).
98. Arkady compared the fall of a dry maple leaf with the flight of a butterfly and concluded: “... the saddest and deadest is similar to the most cheerful and alive.”
99. “...and let it go out.” To Odintsova.
100. Bazarov’s mother about her son.
101. Enyusha, Enyushechka.
102. June 22, Saint Eugene.
103. With Speransky.
104. At Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky.
105. Nikolai Petrovich to his wife and Fenechka, Pavel Petrovich to Princess R. and Fenechka, Bazarov to Odintsova and Fenechka, Arkady to Odintsova and Katya.
106. That both of them are smart people and live by reason.
107. Both are childless, deprived of the feeling of motherhood, and Kukshina even says: “... thank God... there are no children.”
108. “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t. And who is needed?
109. Hamlet.
110. Chatsky.
111. Demon.
112. The “anatomist” and “physiologist” of Russian life destroys himself during the autopsy of a peasant’s corpse.
113. No, he was talking about burdock, but there are flowers and two fir trees growing.
114. “...passionate, sinful, rebellious.”
115. Dostoevsky.
116. About P. P. Kirsanov.
117. M. Antonovich in Sovremennik. "Asmodeus of our time."
118. D. Pisarev. "Bazarov" and "The Thinking Proletariat".
119. Mayakovsky.
120. “Rudin”, “Noble Nest”, “On the Eve” (about Elena), “Fathers and Sons”.
121. “Noble Nest” and “On the Eve”. When new people will appear in Russia.
122. "Secret."
123. About L.N. Tolstoy.
124. “What should I do?” Chernyshevsky.
125. Gogol.
126. About “Past and Thoughts” by Herzen and “Family Chronicle” by S. T. Aksakov.
127. Aksakov family.
128. Actress M. Savina, whom Turgenev saw in the play “A Month in the Country” at the St. Petersburg Alexandrinsky Theater in 1879.
129. “Smoke” (1867).
130. The story “Spring Waters” and the novel “New”.
131. "...enlightenment."
132. Nezhdanov, disillusioned with populism.
133. This is a description of Lensky’s death - “The shutters are closed, the windows are whitewashed with chalk. There is no mistress..." (empty house).
134. Rudin dies nameless on a barricade in Paris.
135. "Fathers and Sons."
136. “Senilia” - old people, senile.
137. With the dying Nekrasov.
138. “Threshold” - about a young revolutionary.
139. “In memory of Yu. P. Vrevskaya.”
140. Pushkin (“To the Poet”), Myatlev (“Rose”) and Gogol (“Dead Souls”), but Gogol’s “Oh, my youth!”
141. "Great, mighty, truthful and free."
142. “Sparrow” - about how a sparrow saved her chick, which had fallen out of the nest, by shielding it from the dog.
143. a) “...does not repeat”; b) “...happy”; c) “...love”; d) “...get by”; e) “...money”; f) “...to suffer.”
144. “...to the oak tree,” “...to the homeland.”
145. Belinsky, at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Recently the world celebrated the 200th anniversary of the great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. More than one generation of people grew up reading his works, which have become classics of world fiction. In this review, we have collected interesting facts from his biography, which allow us to see the writer as a person - on the one hand, high in his actions and thoughts, but also endowed with certain shortcomings on the other.

"Mothers and Children"

“I have nothing to remember my childhood with. Not a single bright memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle - in a word, I was drilled like a recruit. Rarely did a day pass without rods; when I dared to ask why I was being punished, my mother categorically stated: “You should know better about this, guess.”

Probably, the mother became the “muse” thanks to which Turgenev hated serfdom and fought against it in every way available to him. It was she who he described in the image of a lady in the story “Mu-mu.” He completely stopped relations with her after the powerful woman lined up all the serfs along the driveway for the solemn meeting of her son with instructions to greet Ivan Sergeevich with loud shouts. Immediately turning around and leaving back to St. Petersburg, Turgenev did not see his mother again until her death.

True male passion

It is known that in 1843, when he met Pauline Viardot, a mutual friend introduced him like this: “This is a young Russian landowner. A good hunter and a bad poet"(At the beginning of his literary career, Turgenev intended to become a poet and wrote poems that were published in Sovremennik).

Character traits

At the age of 20, Turgenev showed society an example of obvious cowardice; the traces of this event cast a shadow on his reputation for a long time. In 1838, while traveling around Germany, the young writer sailed on a ship. A fire broke out, which, fortunately, was put out quickly enough, but during the panic, Turgenev, according to eyewitnesses, did not behave at all like a gentleman, pushing women and children away from the lifeboats. He bribed one sailor, promising him a reward from his rich mother if he saved him. Having reached the shore safely, he was immediately ashamed of his momentary weakness, but rumors about it and ridicule could no longer be stopped. As a true writer, Turgenev creatively reworked this life lesson and described it in the short story “Fire at Sea.”

Features of physiology

At the same time, a study of the writer’s brain was conducted. It turned out that his weight was 2012 grams, which is about 600 grams more than the average person. This fact has been included in many anatomy textbooks, although physical scientists are wary of the idea of ​​a direct connection between mental ability and brain size.

Turgenev's love story became an example of high and pure feeling. Read on:

The themes of Turgenev's prose poems are completely different. They reflect social problems, concern moral categories and affect universal human values. From time to time it is useful to re-read these texts, to note something important and significant in them for yourself. That's why they are still relevant today. Analysis of Turgenev's prose poems allows us to better understand the problems of his works, to be imbued with touching texts that teach goodness, justice and responsibility.

When you get to know them, you get a feeling of light sadness. One of the most interesting and memorable are Turgenev’s short notes. The genre of prose poems appeared precisely from the moment of the creation of these amazing mini-stories. Ivan Sergeevich became its founder. Let's take a closer look at individual texts.

"Two Rich Men"

Here the author compares examples of generosity of soul. One man, wealthy in every way, donates huge sums of money to help the sick and disadvantaged. The other - the poor peasant - denies himself the most necessary things. His main goal is to take care of his orphan niece. He does not spare money for someone else’s child and does not even think about how much he has to sacrifice. Turgenev emphasizes the idea that true good always comes from compassion, the ability to give up something important in the name of the well-being of another.

"Sparrow"

This work presents a discussion about the noble impulse of a bird, which the author witnessed. He admires the sincere dedication of an adult sparrow, which rushed to protect the chick. Here one involuntarily draws a comparison with human destinies and needs. Turgenev’s “Sparrow” is aimed at revealing moral values: the ability to sacrifice oneself, to take responsibility for what is happening.

After all, every threatening situation has its own solution. You just need to look hard for it inside yourself, to discover your inner resources. In many cases, Turgenev’s “Sparrow” is remembered more than other texts. He is included in the school curriculum, quoted, and admired even by those who have nothing to do with literature.

"Shchi"

A very touching story that leaves an impression. The author shows the feelings of a simple peasant woman - a widow whose only son died. The elderly woman can barely contain herself from grief, but she is faced with misunderstanding from the lady: she thinks that she is not worried enough. The peasant woman’s “rude feelings” actually hide the need to take care of her daily bread. While the lady easily received any benefits. That’s why she could afford to grieve for a long time, refusing not only food, but also any other pleasures. “Shchi” is an indicative story about the fact that everyone has different values, and what is difficult for one is easy for another.

"Russian language"

A wonderful text that you want to read and re-read periodically. The author praises his native speech, considering it a standard of beauty and grace. Turgenev’s prose poem “The Russian Language” makes you think about a lot: about choosing your individual path, about where you can always find support and support. The author feels the consonance of his soul with his native speech and sincerely admires it. Turgenev’s prose poem “The Russian Language” is filled with unprecedented tenderness and imbued with innermost feelings. This text awakens good memories in the heart.

"Enemy and Friend"

The theme of this work is quite ambiguous, making it difficult to immediately understand what its enduring meaning is. And a friend can accidentally destroy, and an enemy at some point tell the truth. The author emphasizes the multifaceted nature of the problem itself.

"Pigeons"

An amazing life-affirming work that helps you feel how great the diversity of life is. It is filled with unimaginable love for everything that exists, which is what distinguishes it from other poems in Turgenev’s prose. “Doves” is a real hymn to life. The work helps us understand how sometimes we are mistaken about some manifestations of reality. According to the author, the most important thing in life is love and compassion.

Observing the behavior of birds, the writer admires their selfless manifestations, desire to help and be needed by each other. He probably compares this picture with human relationships, which are not always so harmonious and beautiful.

"What will I think"

A work filled with a gloomy mood before the inevitable approach of death. The writer has a presentiment that the end of his life's journey will soon come and therefore suffers greatly.

He is afraid of the unknown, as well as the prospect that life is not lived in the best way. It seems that nothing good awaits ahead, and the heart is slowly filled with melancholy. “What will I think” is one big question that cannot be answered without going into detail and looking at specific circumstances. An analysis of Turgenev's prose poems emphasizes how a person himself, being in old age, can ask serious questions, thereby depriving himself of peace of mind and confidence.

Summing up, you can not only miss a lot, but also evaluate it biasedly.

"Hourglass"

A work that carries within itself sorrow for a life lived uselessly. The author states in every sentence that every moment is priceless, but we waste time on sheer nonsense! Essentially, people live it as if they have no other options or alternatives. The transience of each individual path makes it difficult to understand the meaning of one’s destiny.

"Writer and Critic"

Here we are talking about what real talent means in life and how it is measured. The writer sees the meaning of life in true dedication and the greatest desire to convey to readers some bright idea of ​​lasting value. The critic discovers something unworthy in such an existence, but he himself only knows how to reason and evaluate. The author shows that a real writer and critic lives in each of us. One is obsessed with the dream of creativity, the other constantly scolds him, returning him to the harsh, unsightly reality. Their dispute can continue until one of them gives in to the other and gives up their own positions.

"Dog"

In this work, the author tries to comprehend the enduring value of life. The animal’s gaze seems to reflect its own fears, which have become unbearable and overly intrusive. Turgenev’s prose poem “Dog” shows the connection between the life of a pet and the thoughts and feelings of its owner.

If a person is not in a very positive mood, then the animal begins to behave in a similar way: it worries, looks pitifully into the eyes. In all this one can trace the interconnection of close souls. Turgenev’s prose poem “Dog” is aimed at revealing feelings that a person hid from himself, fearing new disappointments.

"Tomorrow! Tomorrow!"

A work that makes you think about the meaning of life. People tend to bring tomorrow closer and make plans, but they miss the present moment. Even those who have achieved success in life and have managed to fully express their talent will undoubtedly regret unrealized opportunities before they die.

Thus, an analysis of Turgenev’s prose poems shows that the author thought a lot about the essence and value of his existence. His own life seemed to him a deliberately lost game. The writer's individual experiences are embodied in exquisite and concise stories that are easy to read. An analysis of Turgenev's prose poems shows how difficult the last years of Ivan Sergeevich's life were. He constantly turns to his memories and finds no consolation in them. In many individual works, the idea of ​​the meaninglessness of further life can be traced; the theme of disappointment sounds a hysterical note. The prose poems themselves are quite succinct, filled with wisdom, although not optimistic.

Elizaveta Vinogradova, student of MKOU Secondary School No. 3, village. Dinvnoe

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The life and work of Turgenev is a true tragedy, still not properly recognized by humanity.

The “real” Turgenev remained, and remains, unknown.

And yet, who is Turgenev? What do we know about him? At best, someone carefully read the biography in the textbook, but there are only dry facts there.
My grandmother, a passionate admirer of his work, introduced me to Turgenev’s works. These were stories from “Notes of a Hunter.”

Landscape sketches, memorable images, expressive and emotional language - all this sank into my soul. I wanted to get acquainted with other works of this great writer.

E Turgenev's only great love, which he never betrayed, was Russian nature, his muse and inspiration.

Indeed, it is difficult not to describe such beauty. A hunter at heart, Ivan Sergeevich could not remain indifferent to the surrounding areas.

. And this unexpressed love delight poured out onto paper in the form of the most amazing landscape sketches. For example:
“...along with the dew, a scarlet shine falls onto the clearings, recently doused with streams of liquid gold...”

How bright, colorful and vividly this landscape is described! Reading these lines, you can easily imagine this unique picture. “The singer of Russian nature, Turgenev with such poetic power and spontaneity showed the captivating beauty and charm of the Russian landscape, like no other prose writer before him,” wrote the great critic.
“Notes of a Hunter” is a truly brilliant creation of an artist of a peasant soul, who depicted a picture of contrasts and harmony of the amazing Russian character, combining an untouched natural principle, heroic strength and at the same time sensitivity and vulnerability.
A peasant whom you can love, whom you can admire, who lives by nature, beauty, sincerity and love, this is exactly how Turgenev sees the Russian people, without hiding his feelings, admiring and marveling at him, sometimes even shedding a hot tear.
The narrator, whose voice we hear from the pages of “Notes of a Hunter,” gives a description of nature as a person who subtly senses the beauty of his country. He knows as much about nature as any of the peasants.
The writer reveals himself as a true connoisseur of his characters; he plays out each situation in such a way that this or that trait of the people’s character is revealed as clearly as possible. Turgenev refuses generalizations; he portrays his heroes as original representatives of the nation.
Turgenev especially portrays the peasantry in the story “The Singers.” Here the reader’s eyes are presented with a contrast between reality, everyday sketches and the beauty and purity of the spiritual world of a simple peasant: “to be honest, at no time of the year did Kolotovka present a pleasant sight, but it arouses a particularly sad feeling when the sparkling July sun with its inexorable rays floods brown half-swept roofs of houses, and this deep ravine, and a scorched, dusty pasture, where thin, long-legged chickens hopelessly wander, and a gray aspen frame with holes instead of windows, the remnant of the former manor’s house, all around overgrown with nettles, weeds and wormwood...” . Against the backdrop of the harsh reality that makes up the external life of the peasants, their inner world is revealed, their ability to feel the beautiful and admire the touching Russian song flowing from the very depths of the soul.
The heroes of “Bezhin Meadow” merge with nature, feeling it and living in it. The writer shows children who are closest to the natural principle, Turgenev depicts their bright characters, gives capacious characteristics, noting the speech of peasant boys, in which everything breathes an unfeigned sense of naturalness and some naivety. Even nature responds to the stories that the boys listen to with bated breath, without doubting their veracity, as if confirming a belief or a mysterious incident: “Everyone fell silent. Suddenly, somewhere in the distance, a drawn-out, ringing, almost moaning sound was heard, one of those incomprehensible night sounds that sometimes arise in the midst of deep silence, rise, stand in the air and slowly spread at last, as if dying out... The boys looked at each other and shuddered.” . Even the hunter himself, an experienced man, believes in the sign: the fusion of folk signs and the atmosphere in which the heroes of the story find themselves is so natural.
It is impossible to remain indifferent to the sincere world of the soul, which is revealed in every small detail, in the speech and actions of Turgenev’s characters. The writer loves the people, he believes in them, playing with the strings of their hearts, he proves that there is no darkness and downtroddenness, blind obedience and humility in them; everything that is bad in the Russian peasant is determined by the conditions of existence. On the pages of “Notes of a Hunter” the people live with their souls and hearts, being able to find outlets in the impenetrable darkness without getting lost in it or becoming poorer spiritually.

But here is a work of a completely different nature. Which contains a deep philosophical meaning of the purpose of a person, about the ability to forgive and be forgiven.

Story by I. S. Turgenev: “Living Relics” was once highly praised by George Sand for its plot. Religious and patriotic assessments predominate in Russian criticism.

Lukerya, a yard girl of a village landowner, a beauty, a singer, a dancer, a smart girl, in love with a guy, engaged to him, on the eve of her wedding at the age of 21, she accidentally fell, fell ill, “cruel stone immobility” shackled her, and now she was alone, lying in an old barn she has been away from the village for seven years, eats almost nothing, and is sometimes looked after by an orphan girl. While hunting, her master came into Lukerya’s barn. He saw a “bronze face”, “stick fingers”, “metal cheeks” - not a person, but an “icon of ancient writing”, “living relics”. Their conversation reveals to the reader the girl’s amazing soul, creating life separately from her dying body. Suffering did not embitter her. She accepts torment as a gift from God. Through him, he understands the meaning of his life in a new way. And it seems to her that, while suffering, she is repeating the feat of Jesus, Joan of Arc. But what truth does it convey? The answer to this question is the meaning of the story.

Withered, half-dead, she perceives the world mainly through smells, sounds, colors, and rarely through the life of animals, plants, and people. Lukerya told her story almost cheerfully, without groans or sighs, without complaining at all and without asking for participation. She conquered pain with a poetic feeling, the ability to be surprised, happy, and laugh. With extreme exertion of strength, she could even sing a song, cry, and make fun of herself. She taught the orphan girl who was caring for her to sing songs. It was as if she was performing some kind of duty.

How does Lukerya respond to the world? Paralyzed Lukerya - to live with courage. She turns her unhappiness into a way to be happy. Through the ability to overcome suffering, she affirms life on earth, understands this, and in this understanding her happiness. The courage to be happy is her answer to the world.

By connecting himself with the world, Lukerya believes that he is fulfilling some kind of moral duty. Which?

She is not particularly concerned about the God of the church. Father Alexey, a priest, decided not to confess her - she was not the right person; The Christian calendar gave and took away, because it sees that it is of little use. And although she constantly feels the presence of “heaven” in her life, her thought is not focused on “heaven,” but on herself. Lukerya’s human duty is to live, suffering and overcoming suffering.

She refused to go to the hospital. She doesn't want to be pitied. He doesn’t pray a lot and doesn’t see much point in it. He doesn’t know many prayers: “Our Father”, “Virgin Mary”, “akathist”. “And why will the Lord God get bored with me? What can I ask him for? He knows better than me what I need...” And at the same time he believes that no one will help a person if he does not help himself. I'm happy with everything.

Turgenev here interprets the gospel idea that Jesus suffered for all people when he voluntarily ascended to the cross. Lukerya feels sorry for everyone: her former fiancé Vasya, who married a healthy woman, and the swallow killed by a hunter, and the land-poor peasants, and the orphan girl, and all the serfs. Suffering and regretting, she lives in the world, and not in her pain - this is her moral feat. And happiness. And the divine that she suffered through.

Lukerya is one of Turgenev’s interpretations of the image of Jesus. She is a poetic person. “Only I am alive!”, “And it seems to me that it will dawn on me,” “Reflection will come like a cloud falling,” - only a poet can speak with such images-“pictures”. And in this Turgenev did not depart from the truth - Jesus was a poet. The meaning of Jesus, Lukerya, Echo is a way to fulfill the duty to which the poet is called by his sacrificial soul.

The ending of the story is amazing.

Turgenev's story repeats the tragic fate of Jesus, Joan of Arc, Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev himself, and all the poets of the world.

This is a way for a person to comprehend the search for the divine in himself through the sacrificial feat of love for people as through a new measure of the divine. But the feat of love is only possible for those who are able to pass both the cross, and the fire, and many years of stone immobility, and the most terrible thing - “no response!”, through their poetic soul.

Why are Turgenev's works so true? Perhaps because the author experienced or saw everything that happened himself. Turgenev once said: “My entire biography is in my writings.” It seems to me that this is really so. For example,November 1, 1843 Turgenev meets the singerPauline Viardot (Viardot-Garcia), love for which will largely determine the external course of his life.

Forever Turgenev was connected with the great artist by great, ardent love. She brought a lot of happiness to the writer, but happiness and grief, joy and despair went side by side. The woman she loved could not become Turgenev’s wife: she had children and a husband. And their relationship retained the purity and charm of true friendship, behind which lay a high feeling of love.

“When I am gone, when everything that was me crumbles to dust, - oh you, my only friend, oh you, whom I loved so deeply and so tenderly, you who will probably outlive me - do not go to my grave. ."

This prose poem was dedicated to the woman he loved, Pauline Viardot.

Love is invariably present in Turgenev's stories. However, it rarely ends happily: the writer introduces a touch of tragedy into the love theme. Love, as depicted by Turgenev, is a cruel and capricious force that plays with human destinies. This is an extraordinary, frantic element that equalizes people, regardless of their position, character, intelligence, or internal appearance.

A variety of people often find themselves defenseless in the face of this element: the democrat Bazarov and the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich are equally unhappy (“Fathers and Sons”), it is difficult for a young, naive girl, Liza Kalitina, and an experienced, mature man, nobleman Lavretsky, who is ready to come to terms with their fate. was to a new life in his homeland (“Noble Nest”).
Mr. N.N., the hero of the story “Asya,” remains lonely, with broken hopes and a vain dream of happiness. When you read the story, it seems that its whole meaning is contained in the famous Pushkin phrase - “And happiness was so possible, so close...” It is pronounced in “Eugene Onegin” by Tatyana, forever separating her fate from the fate of her chosen one. Turgenev’s hero finds himself in a similar situation. All that remains of his unfulfilled dream is a farewell note and a dried geranium flower, which he sacredly treasures.
Having read such works of Turgenev as “The Noble Nest”, “On the Eve”, “First Love”, “Spring Waters”, I saw how poetically, how subtly the writer depicts the feeling of love. Love that brings a person both joy and sorrow, making him better, purer, sublime. Only someone who himself experienced this feeling in all its beauty and strength could write about love in this way. Most often in Turgenev's stories and novels, love is tragic. Undoubtedly, this was reflected in the writer’s life drama.
I must say that I prefer books that touch on the theme of love, and therefore I would like to dedicate my essay to such works.
One of Turgenev's first novels was The Noble Nest. It was an exceptional success, and, it seems to me, not by chance. “Nowhere did the poetry of a dying noble estate spill over with such a calm and sad light as in the “Noble Nest,” Belinsky wrote. Before us passes a detailed description of the life of the kind and quiet Russian gentleman Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky.

The meeting with the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna radically turned his whole fate around. He got married, but the marriage soon ended in a break through the fault of Varvara Pavlovna. It was not easy for him to survive the family drama. But then a new love came, the story of which forms the plot core of the novel: Lavretsky met Lisa Kalitina.
Lisa was a deeply religious girl. This shaped her inner world. Her attitude towards life and people was determined by resigned submission to a sense of duty, fear of causing someone suffering or offending.
Misled by false news of Varvara Pavlovna’s death, Lavretsky is about to marry a second time, but then his wife unexpectedly appears. The sad ending came. Lisa went to a monastery; Lavretsky stopped thinking about his own happiness, calmed down, grew old, and became withdrawn. The last feature that completes his image is his bitter appeal to himself: “Hello, lonely old age! Burn out, useless life!

Just recently I read another wonderful story by Turgenev - “Spring Waters”. What attracted me to this story? Turgenev, within the framework of a story about love, poses broad life questions and raises important problems of our time.

It must be said that Turgenev’s female types are stronger natures than male ones.

Turgenev found lofty words and poetic colors to depict the feelings of lovers. The author glorifies this beautiful and unique feeling - first love: “First love is the same revolution... youth stands on the barricade, its bright banner flutters high - and no matter what awaits it ahead - death or a new life - it sends everything your enthusiastic greetings."
But Sanin betrays this great feeling. He meets the brilliant beauty Mrs. Polozova, and his attraction to her makes him abandon Gemma. Polozova is shown not only as a depraved woman, but also as a serf-owner, as a clever businesswoman. She is a predator both in her business practices and in love. Gemma's world is a world of freedom, the rich woman Polozova's world is a world of slavery. But Sanin cheats on more than one love. He also betrayed those ideals that were sacred to Gemma. To get married, Sanin must obtain funds. And he decides to sell his estate to Polozova. This also meant the sale of his serfs. But Sanin used to say that selling living people is immoral.

I would advise my peers to read at least a few stories by this wonderful writer, and I am sure that these works will not leave them indifferent. In any case, becoming acquainted with these most talented works became a turning point in my life. I suddenly discovered what enormous spiritual wealth lies hidden in our literature, if it contains such talents as Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

It is commonly said that art stands the test of time. This is true.

But time itself is not only an “unusually long” thing, but also complex. Now we know how much relativity there is in this concept and how differently we experience this reality - time. Absorbed in our daily affairs - large and small - we usually do not notice it. And most often this happens under the influence of true art.
Russia, as Turgenev knew it, has changed in a way that it had not changed, perhaps a whole thousand years before him. In essence, everything that we find in the foreground of his works is irretrievably a thing of the past. Time has long since destroyed the last remnants of the overwhelming majority of those lordly estates that were so often encountered on the roads of this writer; The very bad memory of the landowners and the nobility in general in our time has very noticeably lost its social sharpness.

And the Russian village is no longer the same.
But it turns out that the fates of his heroes, so far from our lives, arouse the most direct interest in us; it turns out that everything that Turgenev hated is, in the end, hated by us; what he considered good is most often so from our point of view. The writer conquered time.

That is why native nature, magnificent landscapes, wonderful types of Russian people, way of life, customs, folklore, inexplicable charm, spilled like sunlight - there is a lot of all this in Turgenev’s works, and all this is written easily, freely, as if all this was not even complicated , but in fact deeply and seriously.