Research paper "why do the military salute." Military salute, or which hand is used to salute

Everyone salutes- a collage meme with photographs and drawings of various characters who put their hand to their temple, as if saluting. The most common is a four-panel version with a cat, Big Boss from Metal Gear, streamer Ozone and blogger Maddison in a coat and with a cigarette. Typically, a meme signifies the online community's respect for a person or phenomenon.

Origin

The history of the meme, where everyone salutes, began with a photograph of a cat with a back paw attached to its head. She first appeared on Pikabu on January 12, 2018.

Later, the collage began to be multiplied and other characters and people saluting were added.

Meaning

A meme in which everyone salutes signifies the online community's respect for a person, phenomenon or event. For the collage, characters are specially selected who in one way or another represent Internet users: streamers, bloggers, anime and computer game heroes. Finally, Colonel Kus, who represents the seals.

The saluting meme can mean respect in a broader sense. It is also used as a symbol of farewell to the dead or people you will never meet again.

Gallery

Andreev Alexey

Have you ever wondered why military personnel put their hand to the visor of their cap when saluting? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the regulations of our army, but also typical as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes does not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of medieval knights, who raised the visors of their helmets and always recorded the moment when their faces were completely open to each other...

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City scientific and practical marathon

“A step into science. Junior"

Section “History. Social science"

Research

Completed

student of grade 3 "B"

MBOU "Secondary School No. 226" Zarechny

Andreev Alexey.

Scientific adviser:

primary teacher

classes of MBOU "Secondary School No. 226"

Malkova Elena Alexandrovna

Zarechny

2012

LEADING.

2. CHAPTER 1. Why do the military salute?

3. CHAPTER 2.

4. CHAPTER 3. Military greeting in Russia.

5. CONCLUSION.

6. LITERATURE.

INTRODUCTION

I'm in a cadet class and I'm interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temple. I decided to research what this gesture means and where this tradition came from.

Goal of the work:

To figure out, why do military men, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress,and from what time does this tradition begin?

Research objectives:

Conduct a survey;

Hypothesis:

Historical hypothesis (Middle Ages): Heavy cavalrymen (knights, knights) wore helmets in the Middle Ages. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When riding oncoming, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He exposed his face so that the person he met could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and did not have aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: “there is no weapon in my right hand.”

Research methods:questionnaire (APPENDIX 1), literature study, comparison and analysis of the collected material.

Object of study:military traditions.

CHAPTER 1. Why do the military salute?

At the end of the 18th century, junior officers greeted senior officers, and soldiers saluted officers by removing their headdress. Civilians still bow to each other this way as a sign of respect. This tradition probably dates back to the times when a knight was required to raise his visor or remove his helmet in front of his lord.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat had practical implications. As the soldiers lit the fuses of their muskets, their hands became dirty with soot. And removing the headdress with dirty hands meant rendering it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given by simply raising one’s hand.

Officers or soldiers who carried a sword or saber, no matter whether mounted or on foot, saluted by raising the weapon, bringing the handle closer to the lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight would kiss the hilt of his sword, symbolizing the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

CHAPTER 2.

Where did the custom of saluting come from?

The tradition of the modern military salute originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies around the world, junior ranks greeted senior ranks by removing their hats, as was the case in the British Army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, soldiers’ hats had become so bulky that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting we know took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen of England's personal guard. In the regimental regulations of the guards it was written: “Personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by an officer or address him, but only to press their hands to their hat and bow.”

In 1762, the charter of the Scots Guards clarified: “Since nothing disfigures a headdress and contaminates the lacings like removing a hat, in the future, personnel are only ordered to raise their palm to their hat with a short gesture when passing by an officer.” Such an innovation caused some resistance, but, as we see, it still took root. At the same time, great importance is attached to the fact that during a military greeting they do not bow their heads or lower their eyes, this means that military personnel of different ranks are free people serving one state.

By the middle of the 19th century, the military salute in Great Britain had undergone new changes: the hand brought to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) is facing outward with the palm. This tradition continues to this day. In the USA, the hand is brought slightly forward, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks at the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days of sailing ships, sailors used pitch and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they would not let sea water through. At the same time, the hands were protected with white gloves, but showing a dirty palm was undignified, so in the navy the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The military salutes the same way in France.

In Tsarist Russia, the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in the Soviet and modern Russian army, the salute is given with the entire palm facing down, with the middle finger looking at the temple.

CHAPTER 3.

Military greeting in Russia.

1. Using a questionnaire, I interviewed 23 classmates.

When asked if you know why the military, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress, all the guys answered in the negative.

To the question: “What do you think,? a negative answer was also given.

After analyzing the questionnaires (APPENDICES 1, 2), I saw that my classmates do not know why the military, when saluting, put their hand to their right temple and have no ideaSince when has this tradition been going on?

2. In the city and school libraries I found the literature I needed for research.

3. Having familiarized myself with the collected material (APPENDIX 3), I found out that in modern army speech you can periodically hear the expression salute , however, taking into account changes in the structure of society and themilitary greeting

knightsvisorarmies

CONCLUSION

conclusion, hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisor

LITERATURE

Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.

General military regulations of the RF Armed Forces (chapter 3), 2011.

ANNEX 1

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear friend! I ask you to take part in the survey and answer the following questions:

2. What do you think?Since when has this tradition been going on??

APPENDIX 2

Survey results

23 people took part in the survey.

1. Do you know why soldiers, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress?

“No” - 23 students, 100%.

2. What do you think?Since when has this tradition been going on??

“I don’t know” - 23 students, 100%.

APPENDIX 3

Magazine "Around the World" 01/19/2009.

Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.

Encyclopedia "1001 questions".

- “Children’s encyclopedia for the lazy,” 1995.

General military regulations of the RF Armed Forces (chapter 2, 3), 2011.

Military etiquette. Textbook\ Under general. ed. B.V. Vorobyova-M., 2005.

Platonov B.N. Military etiquette - M., 1983.

Theses

"Why do the military salute."

Research

Justification of the relevance of the topic:

I'm in a cadet class and I'm interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temple. This gesture interested me.

I asked my classmates and parents:

- Why do soldiers put their hand to their headdress when saluting?

When does this tradition begin?

It turned out that my friends did not know the answers to the questions posed. I decided to help them.

Goal of the work:

To figure out, why do the military, when “saluting”, put their hand to their headdress,and since when does this tradition go back?

To achieve this goal, I set for myself tasks :

Conduct a survey;

Go to the library and find the necessary literature;

Contact parents for help collecting information online;

It is good to think and comprehend the collected material.

In the course of reviewing the information received, it was put forward hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. At that time they wore helmets on their heads. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When riding oncoming, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He exposed his face so that the person he met could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and did not have aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: “there is no weapon in my right hand.”

The result The work included a selection of materials on this topic, a slide presentation and a brochure “Military Greeting”, which can be used in extracurricular activities in the “History of the Russian Army” classes.

After reviewing the collected material, I found out that in modern army speech you can hear the expression salute , however, with the change in the structure of society and themilitary greetingfrom a ceremony to a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is a rarely used phrase.

What is “salute”? This means showing respect to a person of higher rank. It has been established that this was done in different ways at different times. Greetings in one form or another have always existed among all peoples. The forms of greeting were different: bowing, kneeling, falling face down on the ground, various hand gestures. The military greeting that is customary in the army - placing the right hand on the visor of the cap - appeared quite recently.

I learned that the military salute is a ritual supposedly borrowed from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting. In the Russian Armed Forces, the military salute is performed with the fingers of the right hand closed and the hand straightened; unlike a number of othersarmiespeace, with the head uncovered, the military greeting is performed without raising a hand, by assuming a military position.

This is what it says inChartere internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

Article 43. Chapter 2. RELATIONS BETWEEN MILITARY SERVICEMEN

The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of common culture. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet first, and in case of equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

When meeting, the junior in rank is obliged to greet the senior first; if they belong to different categories of military personnel (soldier - Officer, junior officer - senior officer), a senior officer may perceive failure to perform a military greeting upon meeting as an insult.

As a result of the work done, I came to conclusion, that putting the fingers of the right hand to the temple in the military means “salute” or greeting. This confirms the previously stated hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting.

46. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good manners.

All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) greet their superiors (senior in military rank) first, and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

47. Military personnel are obliged to perform a military salute, paying tribute to:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag upon each arrival on and departure from the ship;

48. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:

the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).

To greet the indicated persons in the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “Attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports.

For example: “Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was built for the general regimental evening verification. The regiment commander is Colonel Orlov."

When constructing a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during the Military Oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it .

When greeting the ranks while on the move, the chief gives only a command.

49. Military units and subunits greet each other upon command when meeting, and also perform a military salute, paying tribute to:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;

funeral processions accompanied by military units.

50. The military greeting by the troops in formation on the spot to the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance by the orchestra of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation.

When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.

51. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time, military personnel of military units (units) greet their superiors with the command “Attention” or “Stand up.” Attention."

Only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the inspection (check) are welcomed at headquarters.

During classes outside the formation, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, the command “Comrade officers” is given as a military greeting to commanders (chiefs).

Commands “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" is given by the eldest of the commanders (chiefs) present or the serviceman who was the first to see the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and with the headdress on, they also put their hand to it.

The senior commander (chief) present approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.

The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “COMRADE OFFICERS”, and the one who reported repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position, with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and then act according to instructions of the arriving commander (chief).

52. Giving the command “Attention” or “Stand up.” Attention" and the report to the commander (chief) is carried out upon his first visit to the military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).

In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command for a military greeting is not given to the junior and no report is made.

When conducting classroom lessons, the commands are “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" are served before the start of each lesson and at its end.

Commands “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" before reporting to the commander (chief) are served in that

if other military personnel are present, in their absence the commander (superior) is only reported.

53. When performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.

Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.

54. The command to perform a military salute is not given to military units and subunits:

when a military unit (unit) is raised on alert, on the march, as well as during tactical training and exercises;

at control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);

at the firing line and firing (launching) position during firing (launching);

at airfields during flights;

during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;

during sports competitions and games;

when eating and after the “End Light” signal before the “Rise” signal;

in rooms for patients.

In the listed cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arriving commander.

For example: “Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company performs the second shooting exercise. The company commander is Captain Ilyin.”

Units participating in the funeral procession do not perform a military salute.

55. At ceremonial meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and movies, the command for a military greeting is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief).

At general meetings of personnel, the command “ATRIC” or “STAND UP” is given as a military greeting. SMIRLNO” and reports to the commander (chief).

When a superior or senior addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of the sick, take a military stance and state their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.

When greeted by a superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, respond: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” In this case, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the words “justice” or “medical service”.

For example: “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant,” “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman,” “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman,” “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant.”

58. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve the Russian Federation.”

If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of a military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they respond with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel respond: “We serve the Russian Federation.”

Procedure for presentation to commanders (chiefs)and persons arriving for inspection (checking)

59. When a senior commander (chief) arrives at a military unit, only the commander of the military unit is introduced. Other persons introduce themselves only when the senior commander (chief) directly addresses them, stating their military position, military rank and surname.

60. Military personnel introduce themselves to their immediate superiors in the following cases:

appointment to a military position; surrender of a military post; assignment of military rank; awarding an order or medal;

departures on a business trip, for treatment or on vacation and upon return.

When introducing themselves to their immediate superior, military personnel state their military position, military rank, last name and reason for the introduction.

For example: “Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st motorized rifle company, Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of my being awarded the military rank of captain.”

61. Officers and warrant officers newly appointed to the regiment are introduced to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of appointment to the company - to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies.

The regimental commander introduces newly arrived officers to the regiment's officers at the next officers' meeting or regimental formation.

62. When inspecting (checking) a military unit, its commander introduces himself to the arriving person appointed to lead the inspection (check), if the inspecting (checker) is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him; if the inspector (checker) is younger in military rank than the commander of the military unit, then he himself introduces himself to the commander of the military unit.

Before the start of the inspection (check), the commander of the military unit introduces the commanders of the inspected (checked) units to the inspecting (verifying) officer.

63. When an inspector (inspector) visits a unit, the commanders of these units meet him and report to him.

If the inspector (checker) arrives at the unit together with the commander of the military unit, then the unit commander reports to the inspector (checker) if the latter is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him.

If during an inspection (check) a senior commander (chief) arrives, then the commander of the military unit (unit) reports to him, and the inspecting (verifier) introduces himself.

64. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian

Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets the indicated persons, reports to them and accompanies them to the location of the military unit (ship), and members of the Government of the Russian Federation and veterans of the Great Patriotic War who arrived at the invitation to the military unit (ship) war, veterans of military operations on the territory of the USSR, on the territory of the Russian Federation and the territories of other states, veterans of military service, as well as honored figures of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of the Russian Federation, foreign states and other honored visitors, commander of a military unit (ship) meets, introduces himself to them and accompanies them without reporting to them.

In memory of the visit to the military unit (ship), honorary visitors are provided with the Book of Honorable Visitors (Appendix No. 4) for the corresponding entry.

When military personnel arrive at a military unit (unit) to carry out individual official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of the military unit (unit) introduces himself only as the senior military rank. In other cases, arrivals introduce themselves to the commander of the military unit (unit) and report on the purpose of their arrival.

All instructions from inspectors (inspectors) or military personnel performing individual official assignments from senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (unit) about the results of the inspection (check) or the fulfillment of the official assignment assigned to them.

When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (unit), inspectors (verifiers) are guided by the requirements provided for in Appendix No. 6.

On military politeness and behavior of military personnel

67. Military personnel must constantly serve as an example of high culture, modesty and restraint, sacredly observe military honor, protect their dignity and respect dignity

others. They must remember that not only they, but the Armed Forces as a whole are judged by their behavior.

Relationships between military personnel are built on the basis of mutual respect. In matters of military service, they must address each other as “you.” When contacting in person, the military rank is called without specifying the words “justice” or “medical service”.

Chiefs and elders, when addressing matters of service to subordinates and juniors, call them by military rank and surname or only by military rank, adding in the latter case the word “comrade” before the military rank.

For example: “Private Petrov”, “Comrade Private”, “Sergeant Koltsov”, “Comrade Sergeant”, “Midshipman Ivanov”.

Military personnel studying in military educational institutions of professional education and not having the military ranks of sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, midshipmen, officers, as well as military personnel studying in military training units, are called by the military position to which they are assigned.

For example: “Cadet (listener) Ivanov”, “Comrade cadet (listener)”.

Subordinates and juniors, when addressing matters of service to their superiors and elders, call them by military rank, adding the word “comrade” before the military rank.

For example: “Comrade Senior Lieutenant”, “Comrade Rear Admiral”.

When addressing military personnel of guard formations and military units, the word “guard” is added before the military rank.

For example: “Comrade Guard Sergeant Major 1st Article”, “Comrade Guard Colonel”.

Outside the ranks, officers can address each other not only by military rank, but also by name and patronymic. In everyday life, officers are allowed to use the affirmative expression “the officer’s word” and when saying goodbye to each other, instead of saying “goodbye,” they are allowed to say “I have the honor.”

When addressing civilian personnel of the Armed Forces holding military positions, military personnel call

them by military position, adding the word “comrade” before the name of the position, or by name and patronymic.

Distortion of military ranks, use of obscene words, nicknames and nicknames, rudeness and familiar treatment are incompatible with the concept of military honor and the dignity of a serviceman.

68. When out of formation, when giving or receiving an order, military personnel are required to take a formation stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand on it and lower it after giving or receiving an order.

When reporting or accepting a report, the serviceman lowers his hand from his headgear at the end of the report. If before the report the command “Attention” was given, then the reporter, at the command of the chief “At ease”, repeats the command, and with the headdress on, lowers his hand.

69. When speaking to another serviceman in the presence of a commander (chief) or senior, he must be asked for permission.

For example: “Comrade Colonel. Allow me to address Captain Ivanov.”

When an affirmative answer must be given to a question from a superior or senior, the serviceman answers: “That’s right,” and when it is negative, “No way.”

70. In public places, as well as on a tram, trolleybus, bus, metro car and commuter trains, if there are no empty seats, a serviceman is obliged to offer his seat to a superior (senior).

If during a meeting it is impossible to freely part ways with the boss (senior), the subordinate (junior) is obliged to give way and, when greeting, let him pass; If it is necessary to overtake the boss (senior), the subordinate (junior) must ask permission.

Military personnel must be polite towards the civilian population, show special attention to the disabled, the elderly, women and children, help protect the honor and dignity of citizens, and also provide assistance to them in case of accidents, fires and other natural and man-made emergencies.

71. Military personnel are prohibited from keeping their hands in their pockets, sitting or smoking in the presence of a superior (senior) without

his permission, as well as smoking on the streets while walking and in places not designated for smoking.

72. A sober lifestyle should be the daily norm of behavior for all military personnel. Appearing on the streets, squares, parks, public vehicles, and other public places while intoxicated is a disciplinary offense that disgraces the honor and dignity of a military personnel.

73. Military uniforms and insignia are established for military personnel. All military personnel, as well as citizens discharged from military service with the right to wear military uniforms, have the right to wear military uniforms. Military uniforms are worn strictly in accordance with the rules for wearing military uniforms and insignia, determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Military personnel performing military service under a contract have the right not to wear military uniforms during the time free from performing the duties of military service, determined by the regulations of service time, and military personnel performing military service on conscription - outside the location of a military unit upon discharge or on leave.

74. The rules of military politeness, behavior and performance of the military salute are also mandatory for citizens discharged from military service when they wear military uniforms.

With their social and political system, the level of development of industrial production, science and education, the cultural traditions of the population, the spiritual state of society in the state.

A military salute can be performed independently by a serviceman or on command by personnel of a formation (military unit, ship, unit).

46. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness, etc.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) greet their superiors (senior in military rank) first, and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

3. Military salute. Chapter. Military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces) and the relationship between them. Internal order. “Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” (UVS AF of Russia)

The military salute was previously called firework(for example, previously, when a ship arrived at a foreign port, with peaceful intentions or during an official visit of high-ranking foreign guests, a “salute of nations” was performed), salute, salutation. The word is often found in literature and in everyday life trump to indicate a military salute.

Origin story. Hypotheses[ | ]

The origin of the ritual of military greeting, some military historians and fiction writers [ which?] is associated with greeting in general, when a hunter (defender, warrior) raised his hand empty of weapons, greeting his fellow tribesmen. Judging by ancient engravings, the military salute was performed with both the right and left hands, as well as with both hands at the same time.

Origin from raising the visor[ | ]

The origin of the ritual of military greeting other military historians, fiction writers [ which?] associated with medieval knights. Allegedly, to show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw back the visor of their helmet. The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting. Heavy cavalrymen (knights, knights) wore helmets in the Middle Ages. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When riding oncoming, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He exposed his face so that the person he met could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and did not have aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say “there is no weapon in my right hand.” Among peoples whose armed forces did not have heavy cavalry (Mongols, North American Indians), the salute is simply a demonstration of an open right palm. The equipment changed over time, and the gesture transformed into a fireworks.

This theory does not take into account the fact that all the knights had their own coats of arms on the shields, flags and clothes of their subordinates, and it was not difficult to find out who they were.

Romantic hypothesis[ | ]

According to the romantic hypothesis, with such a gesture the knight covered his eyes from the dazzling beauty of the lady of his heart, who was watching his performances at knightly tournaments.

Derivation from holding the headdress when bowing[ | ]

Military salute in different countries[ | ]

In Western countries[ | ]

In Western countries (which included the Russian Empire), saluting was not and is not a mutual military greeting like a handshake, but is a symbolic gesture of respect. In fact, the salutation or "hand salute" is a variation of other salutes such as the artillery or rifle salute.

I was walking down the street one day and saw Colonel Orlov, the newly appointed commander of the Peterhof Guards Uhlans, riding towards me. Knowing his predilection for military bearing, I clearly saluted him, and he answered my greeting just as clearly, and not brushing aside like some.

In this case, the salute is not made to a person. In republican countries (for example, in the US Federation), the salute is usually made to a uniform military uniform - one of the most important state symbols, second in importance only to the state flag - and is a gesture of mutual recognition and belonging to the same corporation, a symbol of mutual respect, therefore saluting is permitted only in uniform and only to a person in uniform (with the exception of the president and other senior officials of the state, in accordance with the laws of a particular state).

According to V.V. Krestovsky, “Book for young cavalry soldiers and Cossacks”, St. Petersburg, city:

When meeting with a boss, who is supposed to be saluted by standing in front, he, not reaching four steps from the boss, takes the last step with the foot to which he should turn (that is, if you need to turn to the right, then with your right foot, and if to the left, then then with the left) and another full step or slightly less with the other leg, during the extension of which you should turn your shoulders and body in front and then, simultaneously with placing your foot, raise your right hand to the headdress, turning your head to the side of the boss. When saluting, you should stand according to the rules of the “stance”. When the boss passes him by a step, he turns in the direction he was going and, placing his remaining leg behind him, begins moving with his left leg, lowering his right hand with the first step.

The lower ranks salute, standing at the front: the Sovereign Emperor, the Empress and all Persons of the Imperial Family, all generals, admirals, the head of the garrison, their: regimental, squadron and hundred commanders, their staff officers, as well as banners and standards. Without standing in front, but putting only a hand to the headdress, they salute: - all headquarters and chief officers; military doctors; class officials of his regiment; reserve and retired generals, staff and chief officers, when they are in uniform; sub-ensigns, estandard cadets and sub-warrants; palace grenadiers; to all sergeants majors, sergeants and those commanding lower ranks to which they are subordinate; and privates, in addition, to all non-commissioned officers of their regiment, non-combatant senior rank and all privates who have.

The lower rank, who has some kind of burden, salutes according to the same rules; if the burden is large and both hands are occupied with it, then honor is given, following the boss with his eyes.

If a soldier stands still and a superior passes by, then the soldier, saluting, must turn to face the superior; if the commander stands still and the soldier passes by, then the soldier salutes without stopping, but only putting his hand to his headdress. If the lower rank sees that the boss is ahead of him, then he salutes according to the same rules, placing himself in the front.

Honor is also given in the presence of a senior superior. If the boss, who is facing the front, gives a sign with his hand or tells the person saluting to continue walking, then he turns and walks, without lowering his hand, until he passes the boss.

Military personnel should not remove their hats to greet anyone.

If a lower rank is riding on a bridle horse (in Cossacks, a bridle horse), then to salute he does not stop in front, but takes the correct seat, puts his right hand to the headdress and, turning his head to the boss, follows him with his eyes; and if with a pike, he takes it “in his hand.” If the lower rank is riding a bridle horse (that is, the reins are in both hands), then to salute he does not put his right hand to the headdress, but only turns his head to the boss and follows him with his eyes. He does the same if he is driving a harnessed horse.

If the lower rank leads the horse by the reins, then to salute he goes to the other side of the horse that is closer to the leader and takes both reins in the hand closest to the horse, under its very muzzle; and in the other hand he takes the ends of the reins and turns his head to the boss.

In the Red Army, RKKF and Red Guard[ | ]

To greet direct superiors, the command “attention”, “turn to the right (to the left, to the middle)” is given. The military personnel accept this command, and the unit commanders (and political instructors) at the same time put their hand to the headdress and do not lower it until the command “at ease” given by the person who gave the command “at attention”. After the command is given, the senior commander approaches the newcomer and, stopping three steps from him, reports for what purpose the unit was built. Example: “Comrade Corps Commander, built for inspector shooting. The regiment commander is Colonel Sergeev." In the same order, a Red Army soldier, appointed senior over several other Red Army soldiers, greets his direct superiors. His approximate report: “Comrade Lieutenant, the team of Red Army soldiers of the 2nd squad, assigned to work on the target yard, has been built. The team leader is Red Army soldier Vasiliev.”
At the meeting of the chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Union Republics, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Union Republics, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and his deputies, the orchestra performs the anthem “Internationale”. When direct superiors meet - from the commander and military commissar of their unit and above - the orchestra performs a counter march. If the commander greets a unit or individual military personnel, they answer “hello.” To congratulations, the military unit (unit) responds with a drawn-out cry of “hurray,” and individual military personnel respond with “thank you.” In response to gratitude, the military unit and individual servicemen respond: “We serve (serve) the Soviet Union.” When saying goodbye, they say “goodbye.”

Giving military honor
18. All military personnel are obliged to salute each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the Military Regulations. Subordinates and juniors salute first.
19. Military personnel are also obliged to salute:
Mausoleum of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin;
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
Mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland;
Battle flags of military units, as well as the Naval flag upon arrival on a warship and upon departure from it;
Funeral processions accompanied by troops.

Federal period[ | ]

The rules of military greeting in the Russian Armed Forces are also mandatory for citizens discharged from military service when they wear military uniforms.
In modern army jargon, you can periodically hear the expression salute, however, taking into account changes in the structure of society, as well as the transformation of the military greeting itself from a ceremony into a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is rarely used.
Decree of the President of Russia of November 10, 2007 No. 1495 (as amended on July 29, 2011) “On approval of general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” (together with the “Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, “Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, “ Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation")
Military salute 46. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good manners.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) greet their superiors (senior in military rank) first, and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.
47. Military personnel are obliged to perform a military salute, paying tribute to:

48. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:

To greet the indicated persons in the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “Attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports. For example: “Comrade Major General. built for the general regimental evening verification. The regiment commander is Colonel Orlov."
When constructing a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during the Military Oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it .
When greeting the ranks while moving, the chief only gives a command.
49. Military units and units welcome at each other’s command when meeting, and also perform a military greeting, paying tribute:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;

funeral processions accompanied by military units.

50. The military salute by the troops in formation on the spot to the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.
51. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time, military personnel of military units (units) greet their superiors with the command “Attention” or “Stand up.” Attention."
Only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the inspection (check) are welcomed at headquarters.
During classes outside the formation, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, the command “Comrade officers” is given as a military greeting to commanders (chiefs).
Commands “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" is given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who was the first to see the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and with the headdress on, they also put their hand to it.
The senior commander (chief) present approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “COMRADE OFFICERS”, and the person reporting repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position, with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and then act according to instructions of the arriving commander (chief).
52. Giving the command “Attention” or “Stand up.” Attention" and the report to the commander (chief) is carried out upon his first visit to the military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command for a military salute is not given to the junior and no report is made.
When conducting classroom lessons, the commands are “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" are served before the start of each lesson and at its end.
Commands “Attention”, “Stand up”. Attention" or "Comrade officers" before reporting to the commander (chief) are given if other military personnel are present; in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.
53. When performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.
54. The command to perform a military salute is not given to military units and subunits:

In the listed cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arriving commander. For example: “Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company performs the second shooting exercise. The company commander is Captain Ilyin.”
Units participating in the funeral procession do not perform a military salute.
55. At ceremonial meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and movies, the command for a military greeting is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief).
At general meetings of personnel, the command “ATRIC” or “STAND UP” is given as a military greeting. SMIRLNO” and reports to the commander (chief).
56. When a superior or senior addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of the sick, take a military stance and state their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
57. When greeted by a superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, respond: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” In this case, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the words “justice” or “medical service”. For example: “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant,” “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman,” “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman,” “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant.”
58. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve Russia.”
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of a military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they respond with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel respond: “We serve Russia.”

Military greeting when ships meet[ | ]

647. The military greeting when meeting ships at sea or in a roadstead during daylight hours is performed in the following order:
a) when meeting warships sailing under the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Naval Flag or the flag of the Federal Border Service, the signals “Entry” and “Executive” are played on the ships.
The “Entry” signal is played at the moment when the ships’ stems are aligned, while the first “Entry” signal is played on a ship of the lowest rank or under the flag (braid pennant) of a junior (subordinate) commander. At this signal, everyone not engaged in service and located on the upper deck turns to face the passing ship and assumes the “Attention” position, and officers, midshipmen and foremen of the contract service, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
The “Executive” signal is played first on a ship sailing under the flag (bread pennant) of the senior officer;
b) when meeting warships of the same ranks or sailing under the flags or braid pennants of equal officials, the “Entry” and “Executive” signals are played simultaneously on both ships;
c) when warships meet support vessels, the “Entry” signal is played first on the support vessels.
On ships where there are no buglers, the "Entry" signal is replaced by one sound signal on a medium-length hand whistle, and the "Executive" signal by two short signals on a hand whistle.
648. The seniority of formation commanders is announced by order of the fleet (flotilla) commander, and the seniority of division commanders and ship commanders is announced by orders of formation commanders.
649. A military greeting to officials when meeting them at sea or in a roadstead is carried out if they are on a ship (boat) under the flag assigned to them (braid pennant) and if the distance to the ship (boat) does not exceed 2 cables.
650. When a Navy ship meets ships of civil departments of the Russian Federation and non-military ships of foreign states, if these ships greet the warship by lowering the stern flag, that is, salute with the flag, at the command of the watch officer they are responded to by lowering the Navy flag once by one a third of the length of the flagpole (halyard).
When saluting, the flag is slowly lowered and also slowly raised.

German, American and Egyptian greeting (from left to right)

USA [ | ]

In the United States, according to military etiquette, a military salute should only be given if both hands are free. In general, if it is impossible to perform a military hand salute properly, it is better to abandon it altogether. And if conditions allow, then to greet, the right hand with straightened and closed fingers is brought forward slightly, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm faces the ground.
In 2014, US President

It does not work Editorial from 14.12.1993

"CHARTER OF THE INTERNAL SERVICE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION" (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 1993)

Military salute

43. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of common culture. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet first, and in case of equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

44. Military personnel are also obliged to greet:

The Battle Banner of a military unit, as well as the Naval flag upon arrival on a warship and upon departure from it;

Funeral processions accompanied by military units.

44. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:

President and Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).

To greet the above-mentioned persons in the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “At attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports.

For example: “Comrade Major General. The 110th Motorized Rifle Regiment has been assembled for the general regimental evening verification. The regimental commander is Colonel Petrov.”

When constructing a military unit with the Battle Banner (at a parade, parade review, during the Military Oath, etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it. When greeting the ranks while on the move, the chief gives only a command.

46. Military units and units also salute on command:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

Mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

The Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship the Naval Flag during its raising and lowering;

Funeral processions accompanied by military units;

Each other when meeting.

47. The military greeting by the troops in formation on the spot to the President and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem by the orchestra.

When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.

48. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time from classes, military personnel of military units (units) greet their superiors with the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Attention.” At headquarters and in institutions, only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the inspection (check) are greeted by command. During classes outside the formation, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, the command “Comrades” is given for a military greeting to commanders (superiors). officers." The command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” is given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and officers, warrant officers and midshipmen, with their headgear on, also put their hand to it. The eldest of the commanders (chiefs) present approaches the newcomer and reports to him. The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “Comrade officers”, and the person reporting repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position. Officers, warrant officers and midshipmen, while wearing headdress, lower their hand and subsequently act according to the instructions of the arriving commander (chief).

49. The command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” and a report to the commander (chief) are given upon his first visit to a military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship). In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command for a military salute to the junior is not given and the report is not made. When conducting classroom lessons, the command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” is given before each lesson and at its end. The command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” before reporting to the commander (superior) is given if other military personnel are present; in their absence, the commander (superior) is only reported.

50. When performing the National Anthem, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear. Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the anthem, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, they put their hand to it.

51. The command to perform a military salute is not given to military units and subunits:

When a military unit or unit is alerted, on the march, as well as during tactical training and exercises;

At control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);

At the firing line and firing (launching) position during firing (launching);

At airfields during flights;

During construction, household work or work for educational purposes, as well as during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories;

During sports competitions and games;

When eating and after the “End Light” signal before the “Rise” signal;

In rooms for patients.

In the listed cases, the chief or senior only reports to the arriving chief.

For example: “Comrade Major. The 2nd motorized rifle company is performing the second shooting exercise. The company commander is Captain Ilyin.”

Units participating in the funeral procession do not perform a military salute.

52. At ceremonial meetings, conferences held in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and movies, the command for a military salute is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief). At general meetings of personnel, the command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” is given for a military greeting and reported to the commander (chief).

For example: “Comrade Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion personnel have arrived at the general meeting. The chief of staff of the battalion is Major Ivanov.”

53. When a superior or senior addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of sick ones, take a military stance and state their position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.

54. When greeted by a superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, respond: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” At the end of the answer, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the type of military service or service.

For example, when answering: sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, midshipmen and officers “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant”, “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman”, “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman”, “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant”, etc. P.

55. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve the Fatherland.” If the commander (chief) congratulates a military unit (unit), it responds with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks, the military unit (unit) responds: “We serve the Fatherland.”

The procedure for presentation to commanders (superiors) and persons arriving for inspection (checking)

56. When a senior commander (chief) arrives at a military unit, only the unit commander is introduced. Other persons introduce themselves only when the senior commander (chief) directly addresses them, stating their military position, military rank and surname.

57. Military personnel introduce themselves to their immediate superiors:

When appointed to a military position;

Upon surrender of a military post;

When conferring a military rank;

When awarded an order or medal;

When leaving on a business trip, for treatment or on vacation and upon return.

When introducing themselves to their immediate superior, military personnel state their military position, military rank, last name and reason for the introduction.

For example: “Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st motorized rifle company, Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of my being awarded the military rank of captain.”

58. Officers and warrant officers newly appointed to the regiment are introduced to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of appointment to the company to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies. The regimental commander introduces newly arrived officers to the regiment's officers at the next officers' meeting or regimental formation.

59. When inspecting (checking) a military unit, its commander introduces himself to the arriving person appointed to lead the inspection (check), if he has a military rank equal to the commander of the unit, or is senior in rank to him; if the inspector (checker) is junior in rank to the commander of the military unit, then he introduces himself to the commander of the military unit. Before the start of the inspection (check), the commander of the military unit introduces the commanders of the inspected (checked) units to the inspecting (verifying) officer.

60. When an inspector (inspector) visits a unit, the commanders of these units meet him and report to him. If the inspector (checker) arrives at the unit together with the commander of the military unit, then the unit commander reports to the inspector (checker) if the latter is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him. If during an inspection (check) a senior commander (chief) arrives, then the commander of the military unit (unit) reports to him, and the inspecting (verifier) introduces himself.

61. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces, members of the Government of the Russian Federation, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets, reports and accompanies these persons who have arrived at the location of the military unit ( on the ship), and upon arrival at the invitation to the military unit (on the ship) of participants of the Great Patriotic War, internationalist soldiers, veterans of the Armed Forces, honored workers of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of Russia, foreign countries and other honored visitors, the commander of the military unit (of the ship) meets them, introduces himself to them and accompanies them without reporting. In memory of the visit to the military unit (ship) by honorary visitors, the Book of Honorable Visitors (Appendix 4) is presented to them for the corresponding entry.

62. When military personnel arrive at a military unit (unit) to carry out individual official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of the military unit (unit) introduces himself only as the senior in military rank. In other cases, arrivals introduce themselves to the commander of the military unit (unit) and report on the purpose of their arrival.

63. All instructions from inspectors (inspectors) or military personnel performing individual official assignments from senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (unit) about the results of the inspection (check) or the fulfillment of the official assignment assigned to them. When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (unit), inspectors (verifiers) are guided by the requirements of Appendix 8.