Tsarskoye Selo. Olenin House

The first house on Pushkinskaya Street and the next house after the church on the right side of Dvortsovaya Street, occupies the corner house - Pushkinskaya 1 / Dvortsovaya 17 - (photo album)

(widow of the current State Councilor Varvara Alekseevna Olenina).

The house was built in 1828 according to the project and rebuilt in 1845 -; and in 1912.

The house, erected for the court stoker Agafonov, subsequently belonged to the Olenin family for a long time. In the Atlas of Tsylov in 1858, its owner is indicated as Olenina Varvara Alekseevna, widow of DSS., The address of the house is indicated as Kuzminskaya 4 / Kolpinskaya 2.

In March 1812, when lyceum students enthusiastically and with envy saw off the guard passing through Tsarskoye Selo, seventeen-year-old warrant officer Pyotr Olenin and his older brother Nikolai were in the ranks of the Semenovsky regiment. And, in 1831, the Olenin family became the owners of the house.

Pushkin visits the Olenins’ house in Tsarskoe Selo out of old memory; I was once in love with the daughter of Alexei Nikolaevich - and even wooed her. The old man would not be averse to giving his daughter’s hand to the poet, and his wife Elizaveta Markovna is on her hind legs...

Nevertheless, “old man Olenin called his relatives and friends to dinner over champagne to announce to them his daughter’s engagement to Pushkin. The guests came to the call; but the groom did not appear. Olenin waited for Pushkin for a long time and finally invited the guests to sit down at the table without him. Alexander Sergeevich arrived after dinner, quite late. Olenin took him by the arm and went with him to the office for explanations, which ended with Anna Alekseevna being left without a groom."

Later, having already tied himself with the knot of Hymen, the poet, out of habit, does not forget the hospitable family, he comes in alone, impromptu, admiring the “childish simplicity” and the “languid expression” of the girl’s eyes. The President is in St. Petersburg on Academy affairs. Elizaveta Markovna is in the flower garden, cherishing the amazing roses “Kiss of Cupid”. Pushkin and Anna Alekseevna spend half an hour tete-a-tete, overwhelmed by the currents of silent and tender memories. “I loved you; love, perhaps, has not yet completely died out in my soul...”

In 1845, for his heir, the widow of the actual state councilor V.A. The reindeer house was built with a wooden roof and a mezzanine according to the project

Olenin took part in the fate of another great man. associated with Tsarskoye Selo - . It was he who helped the architect get the project

IN 1907 year, the building was housed here for which the building was remodeled several times, rebuilding the mezzanine into a tower with a dome. designed by engineer Lundberg.

Nearby, in a wooden house, a shelter for Elderly Sisters of Charity and a sanatorium for convalescents were opened. The sanatorium accepted 50 children in need of rest after suffering from non-communicable diseases, including 30 for free.

This is one of the few surviving Tsarskoye Selo addresses of the poetess; here she was overtaken by terrible news about the death of her husband and brother:

From the diary of P. Luknitsky dated March 3, 1925: “AA spoke about the horror that she experienced in 1921, when the three people closest to her spiritually, the most dear ones died - and.

A few days after Blok’s funeral, I went to Tsarskoe Selo, to a sanatorium. They lived in Tsarskoe Selo at that time, and Natasha and Manya visited me often. I received a letter from Vladimir Kazemirovich from St. Petersburg, in which he informed me that he had seen A.V. Ganzen, who told him that Gumilyov had been taken to Moscow (I have this letter). For some reason everyone considered this a good sign.”
Akhmatova talked about how she received the news of N.S.’s death. She was in C.S., in a sanatorium; I was sitting on the balcony with M.V. Rykova. In front of the balcony there is a fence, behind it there is a road.
“Manya Rykova came to me, we were sitting on the balcony on the second floor. We saw our father, Viktor Ivanovich Rykov, approaching - he had returned from the city and was going home to his farm.
He saw his daughter and called her. She gets up and goes. He says something to her, and AA sees how she suddenly throws up her hands and covers her face with them. AA, sensing the worst, waits with trepidation, thinking, however, that a misfortune has happened in the Rykov family. But when M.V., returning, heads towards her... (M.V. comes up and says only: “Nikolai Stepanovich...”) - AA herself has already understood everything.
Father read it in the evening Krasnaya Gazeta.”

In 1999, during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, a weather vane in the form of a golden cockerel, which was presented to the city by the organizers, was fixed on the dome of the building

Sources:

1. Atlas of Tsylov N.I., 1856
2. Malinsky D.A., Malinskaya E.E. Pushkin. Directory guide to the city. St. Petersburg, 2004.
3. Semenova G.V. Tsarskoe Selo: familiar and unfamiliar. .-M.TsentrPoligraf, 2009.- 638, (2) p.
4. City of Pushkin. Historical and local history essay - guide. Comp. G. K. Kozmyan. St. Petersburg, 1992.
5. "Tsarskoye Selo newspaper" No. 40 Friday October 3, 1914
6. Kunkite M.I. Petrograd communities of nurses in the first years of Soviet power: on the issue of the succession of modern medical institutions and secondary medical schools in St. Petersburg Communities of nurses // Anniversary collection: in 2 parts. Part 1. Research work of the Museum of the History of Nursing in St. Petersburg: 2007-2011 / ed.-comp. M.I. Kunkite. - SPb.: St. Petersburg. state education uchr. prof. avg. Education "Medical College No. 2", 2010. P. 32.
7. “My first memories are Tsarskoye Selo...” Anna Akhmatova in Tsarskoe Selo. Comp. E.V. Abarova. Series “Walks around the city of Pushkin”. St. Petersburg: Silver Age, 2008.

The salon owner's loyal views contributed to tolerance. Olenin “lived peacefully with both Shishkov and Karamzin.” This is what allowed the most educated people of their time to meet in one place. “There is no biography of a Russian writer, from Derzhavin to Pushkin, in which there would not be a page dedicated to the memory of Olenin; there was no artist or performer whom Olenin would bypass with his attention or would not welcome cordially in his living room.”

This one of the most fashionable salons in the capital was sometimes called “Noah’s Ark,” emphasizing the large number of its participants and the difference in their views. Regular visitors included Gnedich, Krylov, Kiprensky, Griboyedov, Batyushkov, the Bryullov brothers, Stasov, Martos, Fyodor Tolstoy and many others. By the way, it was in the Olenins’ house that the first meeting of Pushkin and A.P. Kern took place, which was the niece of Alexei Nikolaevich’s wife.

The owner of the salon was the director of the Public Library and served as president of the Academy of Arts. He could be called a writer, artist, archaeologist, connoisseur and connoisseur of antiquities. The emperor himself emphasized the breadth of his interests, calling Alexei Nikolaevich a master of a thousand. Olenin was a fan of Hellenic art, so the rooms of his house were decorated with antique objects, and his research on the culture of Ancient Greece indirectly contributed to the completion of Gnedich’s translation of the Iliad.

Within the walls of the hospitable house of the Olenins, the painter received advice on where to look at weapons and clothing to actually depict a specific historical moment on canvas, and the young writers found a sympathetic interlocutor in the owner of the house. New plays were often read here, and the impatient Shakhovskoy, a regular at Olenin’s evenings, immediately distributed roles among the actors of St. Petersburg theaters and conducted the first rehearsals.

Directing the Imperial Public Library since 1811, Olenin attracted the best writers and his friends there as librarians - Krylov, Batyushkov, Gnedich, Delvig and others. There is a version that Pushkin could also join this list. At one time, he often visited Olenin’s salon and was in love with Alexei Nikolaevich’s daughter Anna, but the engagement was upset. The reason is said to be the poet's unforgivable lateness for dinner. But, most likely, the reasons for this were much more serious. A prosperous official was always on the crest of a wave, and when someone fell out of favor, this cautious man preferred to separate himself from him.

Even in the summer months, when the Olenins left the capital and went to their Priyutino estate, which was located near St. Petersburg, they remained a center of attraction for writers, artists, musicians, and performers. “Shelter of Russian poets” - this is what the members of Olenin’s circle called this dacha, who could always count on a warm welcome, which necessarily included a separate room and freedom for creativity.

Olenin became one of the legends of St. Petersburg. And although he cannot be classified as a free-thinking person, his extraordinary ease of communication and sharp mind helped him host the leading people of the era in the first third of the 19th century, although this house was always open to a few.

There is a dacha beyond the Neva, twenty versts from the capital, near the Vyborg border, near Pargola steep; There is a dacha or a manor, a shelter for good souls, where good Eliza is and with her an honorable husband,

With an open soul

To your little shelter

Friends from Petrograd

They are waiting for a rural holiday, -

wrote about Priyutin K.N. Batyushkov.

Priyutino is one of the largest estate ensembles in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries it belonged to the famous artist, writer and archaeologist, president of the Academy of Arts and director of the Public Library Alexei Nikolaevich Olenin (1763-1843).

Under him, the extensive and well-maintained estate included a two-story brick house, the same outbuilding (“people’s”), a kitchen, a servants’ house, a barnyard, cellars, greenhouses, stables and storerooms. Some of these structures have survived to this day. Many characteristic features in the appearance of the manor house in Priyutin suggest that the author of its project could be the famous architect Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov, a close friend of the Olenin family.

A large landscape park, laid out in the valley of the Lubya River, was apparently created at the beginning of the 19th century. The center of the park ensemble is a large pond. The park had many whimsically winding paths and alleys lined with larch, spruce and oak trees. Of the once numerous park structures, a round gazebo has been preserved, its appearance reminiscent of the Roman Pantheon, a sundial and a mausoleum monument built by A.N. Olenin in memory of his eldest son Nikolai, who died a hero’s death on the Borodino field in 1812.

“In Priyutin, known to many, life was quiet, peaceful, neat, simple, rustic, and it seemed in the way of life 5,000 miles from St. Petersburg. Everything was fun, welcoming, simple, free,” recalled the eldest daughter A.N. Olenina, Varvara Alekseevna. Like the St. Petersburg salon of the Olenins, Priyutino was a meeting place for many prominent figures of Russian culture and art.

“In the city house of the Olenins or in the suburban dacha of Priyutino, several writers met almost every day and

Russian artists,” a contemporary wrote about these meetings. - Subjects of literature and art occupied and enlivened the conversation... All literary news was usually brought here: newly appeared poems, news about theaters, books, paintings - in a word, everything that could feed the curiosity of people more or less driven by the love of enlightenment " G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. visited Priyutin. Pushkin, K.N. Batyushkov, A.S. Griboyedov, Adam Mitskevich, N.I. Gnedich and P.A. Pletnev, historian N.M. Karamzin, fabulist I.A. Krylov, playwright V.A. Ozerov, composers M.I. Glinka, A.N. Verstovsky, A.A. Alyabyev, painters A.P. and K.P. Bryullovs, O.A. Kiprensky, V.L. Borovikovsky, A.G. Venetsianov, A.O. Orlovsky, sculptor I.P. Martos. The famous German scientist and traveler A. Humboldt also visited here, who jokingly said that he had traveled both hemispheres of the Earth and everywhere he had only to speak himself, and in Priyutin for the first time he listened with pleasure.

Archaeologist and painter F.G. Solntsev, who repeatedly came to Priyutino at the turn of the 1820s and 1830s, recalled: “It was very free to visit the Olenins, especially at the dacha: a special room was allocated for everyone, they were given everything they needed, and then they announced: at 9 o’clock in the morning they drink tea, at 12 - breakfast, at 4 o'clock - lunch, at 6 o'clock midday, at 9 - evening tea; for this, all guests were summoned by ringing a bell; during the rest of the day and night, everyone could do whatever they wanted: walk, ride a horse, shoot in the forest with rifles, pistols and bows... Both at the dacha and in St. Petersburg, the Olenins almost never played cards, except in some exceptional case; but always, especially in the presence of Alexei Nikolaevich, there were very lively conversations... Despite the deep learning of Alexei Nikolaevich, everyone behaved freely with him.”

N.I. stayed the longest, sometimes for the entire summer, in Priyutin. Gnedich and I.A. Krylov are both bachelors; they found a family home here. In memory of Ivan Andreevich Krylov’s visits to Priyutin, one of the park pavilions was called “Krylov’s cell” - here the fabulist loved to relax and work. In Priyutin, Krylov wrote the fables “The Peasant and the Sheep”, “The Carpenter”, “The Spider and the Thunder”, “The Donkey and the Hare” and others.

Krylov dreams there Under the canopy of a birch tree About fabled animals And plucks Parnassian roses In the forests of Shelter... -

wrote about Krylov’s life in Priyutin K.N. Batyushkov.

“Ivan Andreevich, as is known, wrote his fables on various scraps of paper, which he sometimes carried with him in his pocket... he read almost every fable to Alexei Nikolaevich several times...” The Olenins loved to play charades, and I.A. Krylov enjoyed constant success in this game, portraying the heroes of his fables.

N.I. Gnedich worked in Priyutin on a translation of Homer’s Iliad. In his poem “Priyutino,” dedicated to the wife of the owner of the estate, Elizaveta Markovna, Gnedich wrote:

I also come under your serene roof, Hospitable sheltered canopy!

I, your old guest, the former homeless wanderer, have always loved your sheltering shadow.

Musical evenings and concerts were held in Priyutin, and performances were staged. A.S. played the piano here. Griboyedov, performed his romances by M.I. Glinka.

In the spring and summer of 1828, A.S. was a frequent visitor to Priyutin. Pushkin. At this time, he was passionately in love with the daughter of the owner of the estate, twenty-year-old Anna Alekseevna Olenina, to whom he dedicated many poems, the most famous of them - a short, only eight lines, full of sadness poem “I loved you,” written a year later, when the affair with Olenina’s life was already completed, and the poet’s relationship with her family lost its cordiality and sincerity. The memory of this unhappy love of Pushkin in the margins of Pushkin’s manuscripts remained the initials of Anna Olenina, written by the poet’s hand, and her profiles. On the autograph of one of the poems dedicated to Olenina (“She replaced the empty “You” with a heartfelt “You” ...”), there was a note made by the poet’s hand: “May 30, 1828, Priyutino.” Several times Pushkin, driven by a secret dream, wrote in the margins: “Annette Pouchkine” - Anna Pushkina... However, these dreams were not destined to come true: in the fall of 1828, Pushkin asked for Anna Olenina’s hand in marriage, but was refused: the father of his chosen one was categorically against it marriage.

In Priyutin, Pushkin met with A.S. Griboyedov. During one of the meetings, Griboedov played for him on the piano the motive of a song he heard in Tiflis. Pushkin liked this Georgian motif so much that a few days later he wrote poems consonant with it: “Don’t sing, beauty, with me you are sad songs of Georgia.” M.I., who was present at the time. Glinka subsequently set these poems to music.

In 1841, shortly after the death of his wife, E.M. Olenina (née Poltoratskaya), who died three years earlier, A.N. Olenin sold Priyutino to Dr. Adams.

Since 1974, a historical and art museum has been operating in Priyutin.

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The address book of 1809 (No. 123) names the owner of this house, then No. 125 in the 3rd Admiralty part, valid. Art. owls Alexey Olenin.

The “Index of Dwellings and Buildings” of 1822 (No. 121) names the owner of the house, then No. 166 in the 3rd Admiralty part, as Privy Councilor A.I. (so, undoubtedly wrongly) Olenin.

N. I. Grech recalled a visit to Olenin that took place in May 1801: “A. N. Olenin then lived in his own house near the Obukhov Bridge, separated from the estate of his mother-in-law, the famous tyrant Agathoclea Alexandrovna Poltoratskaya. He built himself in the middle of the courtyard there was a separate outbuilding with Italian windows, strange and awkward. You had to climb up a narrow stone staircase in races (now all this has been rebuilt). We found him, as I found him later for forty years, at a large desk littered with papers , books, drawings, busts, etc." (Grech N.I. Notes about my life. M.. 1990. Sy 130-131). (Liz)

Until recently, information about the Olenins’ addresses in various publications was inaccurate and incomplete. This question was first scientifically studied by V. M. Faibisovich (Shubin [V.F.], Faibisovich [V.M. On the literary life of Pushkin’s Petersburg // Russian literature. 1982. No. 3]. P. 155-156). As it turned out, house 101, built in 1790-1793, was occupied by the Olenins until 1813. At that time, E. M. Olennina’s brothers, Alexey and Alexander Poltoratsky, lived in house 97. From 1813, this house also became the property of the Olenins and their place of residence until 1819. Here, and not in house 101, Pushkin visited them after graduating from the Lyceum." (Popova N.. Shubin V. [Notes] // Yatsevich A. Pushkinsky Petersburg / afterword and notes by N. Popova, V. Shubin. - St. Petersburg.. 1993. P. 386).

Drawings of the house of the widow of Lieutenant General P.I. Gerbel on the embankment. Fontanka River number 101 indicating the previous owners (the wife of Major General M.A. Lutkovskaya, S.I. Shterich, the wife of the merchant P.I. Kucheryaev). ... Military engineer V.V. Witt, architects A. Vasiliev, A.I. Melnikov. ... 1843-1901. (TsGIA SPb. F. 513. Op. 102. D. 9948.)

Serafima Ivanovna Shterich, as A. Yatsevich wrote in the above-mentioned book, owned the house since 1823. She was a famous lady, A.P. Kern, who lived in her house in 1827, wrote about her in her memoirs, A.V. Nikitenko, M I. Glinka and many others. She is shown as the owner of the house in the 1836 edition. (Numbering of houses in St. Petersburg.), and in the “Book of Addresses of St. Petersburg for 1837” by K. Nystrem it is said about her: “Shtericheva Serafima Ivanovna, widow of a state councilor, on Fontanka No. 82. - 3 parts 3 quarters No. 166” (in this publication both new and old ones were given addresses).

Here, Shterich’s granddaughter, Princess Maria Alekseevna Shcherbatova (Lermontov - “On secular chains...”) lived with Shterich. Shcherbatov’s second marriage was to Lutkovsky. So, perhaps, in the archival description the sequence of owners is mixed up, because, as A. Yatsevich writes, Shterich bequeathed the house to her beloved granddaughter.

The Olenin House was widely known in St. Petersburg as a place where the most prominent representatives of the artistic intelligentsia - writers, artists, actors - of different directions gathered; All the news from the cultural life of the capital flocked to this salon. Regular visitors to Olenin's evenings were Krylov, Zhukovsky, Gnedich, Batyushkov, Ozerov, Kiprensky, Semenova, Yakovlev...

Olenin's literary and artistic salon was visited by A.S. Pushkin, N.A. Vyazemsky, M.I. Glinka, O.A. Kiprensky.

Elizaveta Markovna Olenina, née Poltoratskaya, was the aunt of Anna Petrovna Kern. It was in her salon that Pushkin’s first meeting with Anna Kern took place. The poet expressed his impression of this meeting in verses known to all of us: “I remember a wonderful moment...” (added -